研究生英语听写教程(引进版)2的1、2、7、8原文
1TAPE SCRIPT
LISTENING ATTACK STRATEGIES
1. Using What You Already Know
EXERCISE 3Directions: Now, listen to a conversation between a worker and her boss. As you listen, look at your chart from Exercise 2 and circle the reasons and responses that
are similar.
Gloria: Good afternoon Mr. Carson. Thank you very much for taking
the time to speak with me.
Mr. Carson: I always make time for my best workers, Gloria. Please have a
seat. What can I do for you today?
Gloria: Well, as you know, I have been working here for about fifteen
years now. I really like this company, my job is interesting,
and the working conditions are generally pretty good.
Mr. Carson: I'm glad you feel that way. Whatever we can do to make our
workers happy is important to us.
Gloria: Well, now that you mentioned it, there is one thing that "would make my life a little easier.
Mr. Carson: Yes?
Gloria: I haven't had a raise in more than four years. And with
inflation, it's really getting tough to make ends meet.
Mr. Carson: Four years you say? Hmm.
Gloria: Yes. And in that time, I have had at least three pei'formance
reviews that have all been excellent. You say I'm doing a great
job here, and I think my good work should be rewarded.
2. Scanning for Background Information
Example:
I arfi outraged. I have been to three different departments and each time I've been told that I had to go elsewhere. I am not moving from this line until I get this registration problem solved.
EXERCISE Directions: Listen to the following speakers, and then circle the words that you feel might be true about them.
1. Oh, man, I knew he was going to spring one on us today. I had to work last night and didn't have time to hit the books. Now, I've blown it.
2. I'm sorry. You finish? I can take away? More to drink? Thank you. 3. Excuse me, I was wondering if I could get my money back. You see, I had to drop this class last week because of a work conflict, so I won't be
needing it this semester. It was new when I got it, and I haven't put any marks inside.
@
4. Leslie: So then Alice said, What do you mean he has a baby? And Fred
said, He's got two kids; he's been married for five years! Well,
Martha almost had a heart attack because he had said he was
single and that he wanted to marry her!
Librarian: Shh!
Leslie: Oh, sorry. So anyway, Martha was so upset when she found
out that he was already married, she started punching him!
Can you imagine--
Librarian Please! You must be more considerate of other people. There
is no talking allowed in this room. People are trying to study. I
think you should leave.
5. Peter: I need to get a TB test before I can start working. Can I get
that done here?
Receptionist: As long as you are currently enrolled and are carrying
twelve or more units.
Peter: Well, that's no problem. I'm taking six classes this
semester. Here's my student card.
Receptionist: Good. I need you to fill out this form and that one. When
you're done, give them back to me. Then have a seat over
there, and the nurse will cal.],your name.
Peter: Thank you very much.
3. Scanning for the Main Idea
E X E RC I S E Directions: Listen to the following conversation to find the main idea. What
event
are the two people talking about. In the blank spaces, write down the main idea and
any words that will help you.
Tom: Where were you last night? I thought we were all going to meet
down at Clancey's. It was awesome, and I won $50 in the pool.
Eric: You're not going to believe it. Out of the blue, my boss called to say
that he had to leave town for an emergency meeting and gave me
his ticket.
Tom: You mean you were actually there?
Eric: That's right. And get this--front row center!
Tom: So you saw it when Kobe hit the three-pointer in the last second of
the third quarter. The people at the bar went insane. I can't imagine
what it must have been like at the arena.
Eric: Oh man. People were jumping out of their seats and screaming. It
felt like New Year's Eve and the Fourth of July combined. It was the
best game I've ever seen in my life.
Torn: You're not kidding. When Shaq stole the ball from Rose, and passed
it to Kobe for the slam dunk, I couldn't believe it. They are as strong
as football players but as graceful as ballet dancers.
Eric: Yeah, and it doesn't hurt that they're all seven feet tall. Man, if I had
a couple of inches on me, I could have been an NBA star, too.
Torn: A couple of inches? Dude, try a couple of feet!
@
4. Leslie: So then Alice said, What do you mean he has a baby? And Fred
said, He's got two kids; he's been married for five years! Well,
Martha almost had a heart attack because he had said he was
single and that he wanted to marry her!
Librarian: Shh!
Leslie: Oh, sorry. So anyway, Martha was so upset when she found
out that he was already married, she started punching him!
Can you imagine--
Librarian Please! You must be more considerate of other people. There
is no talking allowed in this room. People are trying to study. I
think you should leave.
5. Peter: I need to get a TB test before I can start working. Can I get
that done here?
Receptionist: As long as you are currently enrolled and are carrying
twelve or more units.
Peter: Well, that's no problem. I'm taking six classes this
semester. Here's my student card.
Receptionist: Good. I need you to fill out this form and that one. When
you're done, give them back to me. Then have a seat over
there, and the nurse will cal.],your name.
Peter: Thank you very much.
3. Scanning for the Main Idea
E X E RC I S E Directions: Listen to the following conversation to find the main idea. What
event
are the two people talking about. In the blank spaces, write down the main idea and
any words that will help you.
Tom: Where were you last night? I thought we were all going to meet
down at Clancey's. It was awesome, and I won $50 in the pool.
Eric: You're not going to believe it. Out of the blue, my boss called to say
that he had to leave town for an emergency meeting and gave me
his ticket.
Tom: You mean you were actually there?
Eric: That's right. And get this--front row center!
Tom: So you saw it when Kobe hit the three-pointer in the last second of
the third quarter. The people at the bar went insane. I can't imagine
what it must have been like at the arena.
Eric: Oh man. People were jumping out of their seats and screaming. It
felt like New Year's Eve and the Fourth of July combined. It was the
best game I've ever seen in my life.
Torn: You're not kidding. When Shaq stole the ball from Rose, and passed
it to Kobe for the slam dunk, I couldn't believe it. They are as strong
as football players but as graceful as ballet dancers.
Eric: Yeah, and it doesn't hurt that they're all seven feet tall. Man, if I had
a couple of inches on me, I could have been an NBA star, too.
Torn: A couple of inches? Dude, try a couple of feet!
@
4. Scanning for the Important Points
EX E RC I S E Directions: Listen to the speaker. When you hear the bell, circle the important point.
I'm standing in front of the Northeastern Women's Correctional Facility. This is
a high-security prison that houses 1500 women convicted of kidnapping,
robbery, and murder. I must say that it is an extremely uninviting place. When
I was given this assignment, I was somewhat apprehensive, and I can honestly
say that I am still quite frightened as I approach the main gate. My knees are a
little wobbly, and my stomach is full of butterflies.
Bell Sound
I am now walking down Cell Block A. Each cell is approximately ten feet by
eight and contains four small beds with thin blankets, no pillows or sheets, a
metal sink, and an open toilet. Each tiny cell is the home for four women. The
walls have numerous cracks and layers of paint chipping, and look as though
they have not been painted in decades. There seems to be little fresh air or
sunlight. The women all look sad and bored. Walking down the block, the
strong smell of disinfectant is almost overpowering. This is definitely not the
kind of place someone would want to be sent to.
Bell Sound
Now I am in the prison cafeteria. While I have been instructed not to speak
with any of the prisoners, I am allowed to observe them while they are eating.
The cafeteria has ten long tables with twenty women seated around each one
on low uncomfortable-looking wooden benches. The menu for lunch today
includes the following: a scoop of gray, lumpy mashed potatoes, a small piece
of overcooked chicken, and a hunk of stale-looking bread. Fresh fruit and
vegetables are nowhere to be seen. Needless to say, there is no salt, pepper, or
other condiments available to the women, and they are not permitted to use
knives or forks. Water is the only beverage available. It is safe to say that the
focal being served is not healthy, and I wonder how these women are able to
maintain their strength and health.
Bell Sound
5. Inferencing (Making Intelligent Guesses)
EXERCISE Directions: Listen to the following conversation. Then, read the statements and
decide if each one is True or False. Finally, discuss with your teacher how you used
Inferencing to decide.
Don: Hello.
Kathy: Hello. Is this Don?
Don: Yes, it is.
Kathy: Hi Don. This is Kathy fr(~m your biology class. We talked during
the lab the other day. Remember?
Don: Uh, urn. Yeah. Um. Oh, uh yeah. @
Kathy: Anyway. Do you understand what Dr. Wharton meant when he
was talking about phylogenetic memory?
Don: Oh, yeah. Actually, that's a really fascinating theory. According to
scientists, animals are born with certain kinds of memory. For
example, a deer naturally knows that it needs to avoid wolves,
bears, and other ferocious animals even if it has never seen one
before. Scientists believe that this memory has been imprinted into
our genes through thousands of years of experience.
Kathy: Oh, I see. That really makes it clear.
Don: Great. Well, I'm glad I could help.
Kathy: Gee. My notes are really incomplete. I bet you got down
everything the teacher said.
Don: Well no. Actually, I just read the textbook and study from that.
Kathy: That's impressive.
Don: So . . . well . . . anyway. Uh, are there any other questions that
you have?
Kathy: One more actually. I was wondering what are you doing Saturday
night.
Don: Saturday? Uh. Oh yeah. Uh, I'm goana be out of town. Yeah. I'm
going to a wedding. Yeah. A wedding down in Miami.
6. Scanning for Specific Pieces of Information
EXERCISE Directions: Listen to the recorded message, and fill in the chart with the specific
pieces of information that you need. Don't worry about spelling.
You have reached the City Health Desk Hotline. The following is a list of
services available during the month of July.
Prenatal screenings will be available at the Church Street Clinic, Mondays and
Wednesdays from 10 AM to 11 AM. A five dollar fee is recommended but will be
waived for those unable to pay. Child care is not available, so please make
arrangements to leave small children at home.
Anonymous AIDS testing will be conducted from noon to three on July 5th,
10th, 21st, and 30th. Testing will take place at the Johnson Square Medical
Center. AIDS testing is free of charge, but all participants are required to meet
with a counselor before and after testing.
Members of the weight reduction support group will continue to meet on the
second and fourth Tuesday of the month at the Whitehall Community Center
on Second Avenue. Please take note, the meeting time for this group has been
changed from 7 PM to 7:30 PM. The cost remains two dollars per meeting. If you
are interested in joining a newly formed weight reduction support group, please
call 555-8695 between 9 AM and 3 PM.
Free cholesterol screenings are available every Friday of the month from 7 AM
to 9 AM at the Johnson Square Medical Center. Please remember not to eat or
drink anything for twelve hours before the test.
@
During the month of July, we will be conducting a blood drive. The city blood mobile will visit the following locations. During the first week of July, the blood mobile will be at the Hill Top Shopping Center from 9 AM to 2 PM. From July
12th until the 14th, the van will be parked on the south side of the Civic Center
Plaza from 10 AM to 4 PM. From July 17th until the 22nd, you can donate blood in front of the Metropolitan Cineplex between the hours of 7 PM and 9 PM. The
last week of the month the blood mobile will be stationed in front of the main branch library on State Street. The hours will be from 8 AM tO 5 PM. Juice and
cookies will be served to all participants. As you know blood donations drop during summer months, and we really appreciate your support.
Free blood pressure screening is available daily at the Church Street clinic. Screenings take place from 9 AM to noon on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays. On Tuesdays and Fridays, screenings are from 1 PM tO 4 PM. Evening
blood pressure screenings are available on Thursdays by appointment. For evening appointments, call 555-2391. The clinic is closed on Sundays. If you have missed anything on this recording, please press the pound key for the message to repeat. Thank you for calling the City Health Desk Hotline.
7. Using Context Clues
Example Directions: Listen to the following example. You will hear the word
dehydrated. You probably don't know what this word means. Listen
to the word and the context and try to guess the meaning of the
word dehydrated.
Narrator: Word: dehydrated
Narrator: Context:
Woman: The plant was dehydrated because Tom forgot to water it for
three weeks.
Narrator: Word: dehydrated
What does dehydrated mean? Circle the best answer.
(Pause)
You were able to figure out the answer from the context. The words Tom forgot
to water it for three weeks tell you that 'the plant was dry and dying. Using
context clues help you understand new words and phrases and is an important
listening attack strategy to practice and use.
Directions: You will hear.five short selections. Each selection will contain a sentence @
EXERCISE with words and idioms you may not know. After you hear the sentence a second
time, circle the answer with the same meaning.
NARRATOR: 1. SENTENCE:
Gloria: It's really getting tough to make ends meet.
NARRATOR: CONTEXT:
Gloria: I haven't had a raise in more than four years. And with
inflation, it's really getting tough to make ends meet.
NARRATOR: SENTENCE:
Gloria: It's really getting tough to make ends meet.
NARRATOR: 2. SENTENCE:
Reporter: I was somewhat apprehensive.
NARRATOR: CONTEXT:
Reporter: This is a high-security prison that houses 1500 women
convicted of kidnapping, robbery, and murder. I must say that
it is an extremely uninviting place. When I was given this
assignment, I was somewhat apprehensive, and I can honestly
.say that I am still quite frightened as I approach the main gate.
NARRATOR: SENTENCE:
Reporter: I was somewhat apprehensive.
NARRATOR: 3. SENTENCE:
Reporter: The strong smell of disinfectant is almost overpowering.
NARRATOR: CONTEXT:
@
Reporter: Walking down the block, the strong smell of disinfectant is
almost overpowering. This is definitely not the kind of place
someone would want to be sent to.
NARRATOR: SENTENCE:
Reporter: The strong smell of disinfectant is almost overpowering. NARRATOR: 4. SENTENCE:
Don: That's a really fascinating theory.
NARRATOR: CONTEXT:
yeah. Actually, that's a really fascinating theory. According Don: Oh,
to scientists, animals are born with certain kinds of memory,
NARRATOR: SENTENCE:
Don: That's a really fascinating theory.
NARI~ATOR: 5. SENTENCE:
Don: It needs to avoid ferocious animals.
NARRATOR: CONTEXT:
Don: For example, a deer naturally knows that it needs to avoid
wolves, bears, and other ferocious animals even if it has never
seen one before.
NARRATOR: SENTENCE:
Don: It needs to avoid ferocious animals.
@
8. Using Structure and Intonation Clues
Section 1 Structure
EXERCISE 1 Directions: Listen to the sentences. Choose the meaning of the modal.
1. You really should think about buying a new coat this winter.
2. If you want to get a better grade, you could sign up for tutoring.
3. The teacher was very clear about attendance. You had better not miss
class on Friday.
4. In order to achieve peace on earth, we must try to understand each other's
differences.
5. We ought to look at the newspaper ads before we decide where to shop. EXERCISE 2Directions: Listen to the sentences. Then choose the sentence with the same
meaning.
1. You must scrutinize the class schedule to find your correct lab houri.
2. You ought to consult with a periodontist about that tooth.
3. You could find the reference for that quote in Bartlett's Familiar
Quotations.
4: You had better invest in a computer with at least 128 megs of RAM.
5. Students should always analyze questions carefully before they begin to
write their essays.
8. Using Structure and Intonation Clues
Section 2 Intonation
Example Directions: Listen to the same sentences spoken:
1. Male: I gave a gift to my brother, John..
Narrator: I am talking to John.
2. Male: I gave a gift to my brother John.
Narrator: My brother's name is John.
As you can see, when you are listening, pauses in speech can change the
meaning of a sentence. A pause can tell you that the speaker is talking to
someone, not about someone.
EXERCISE 1 Directions: Listen to the following sentences. Put commas if you hear an important
pause. Leave the sentence as it is if there is no important pause. . I gave the math homework to my classmate Tina. 1
2. I gave the math homework to my classmate, Tina. 3. Debbie, my next door neighbor is driving me crazy. @
4. Debbie, my next door neighbor, is driving me crazy.
5. kinda, my biology lab partner, is really smart.
6. kinda, my biology lab partner is really smart.
7. Will you please answer Bob?
8. Will you please answer, Bob?
9. Are you going to visit, Lisa?
10. Are you going to visit Lisa?
9. Revising Assumptions (Checking What You Understood) EXERCISE Directions: Listen to the following conversation. Each time you hear the bell, circle
the sentence that you think is correct. Discuss each answer with your instructor. Alvin: Oh no, I don't believe it!
Babs: What is it?
Alvin: Look at this. There's a parking ticket on my car.
Bell Sound
Babs: Let me see that. Hmm... It says that you parked in a yellow
"loading zone during business hours.
Alvin: But I got here after seven. I know it was after seven because the
class started at 6:30 and the teacher was angry when I walked in at
7:15. And look at that sign over there. It says No Parking Between
9 AM and 6 PM.
Bell Sound
Babs: Well, then I think that the police officer made a big mistake You
shouldn't have to pay this ticket.
Alvin: And that's the second ticket I've gotten this month! If I get more
than one ticket, my insurance company will raise my insurance.
This is terrible!
Bell Sound
Babs: Now, wait. What was the other ticket for?
Alvin: I forgot to put another quarter in the parking meter. Babs: Oh, don't worry then. That kind of ticket is not very serious. Your
insurance only goes up if you get a ticket for speeding and things
like that. Parking tickets don't count.
Bell Sound
Alvin: I'm glad to hear that! I can't afford to pay any more money. The
ticket will be expensive enough.
Bell Sound
Babs: If the police officer made a mistake you should challenge the
ticket.
Alvin: Challenge? What do you mean?
@
Babs: You can go to traffic court and explain to the judge that the police
officer made a mistake. The judge can throw out the ticket. You
shouldn't have to pay for someone else's mistake.
Alvin: You're right. I'll stop by the courthouse tomorrow during lunch.
Bell Sound
Vocabulary Review
Directions: Listen to the sentences. Choose the correct vocabulary word.
1. My neighbor's dog is always biting people.
2. Even though Frank didn't say anything, I could tell by the expression on
his face that he was very sad.
3. I looked through the book to find the answer to number 3.
4. After studying for seven hours, I had to stop.
5. I was nervous about giving my speech to the class.
6. The teacher wouldn't give us the answer, but she did give us some help.
7. My new strategy for studying is really helping me.
8. I assumed that the older man was Rod's father.
9. I was revising my paper in the library last night.
10. Alice had trouble making ends meet last month. @
2TAPESCRIPT
MAIN DIALOGUE
EXERCISE 1 Scanning for the Main Idea/Background Information
Directions: Listen to the dialogue and try to get a general idea of what is happening.
Remember, you don't need to understand everything. Just try to think about the
following questions:
1. What is the main idea of this dialogue?
2. Where do you think the dialogue is taking place?
3. What is the relationship between the speakers?
4. How old do you think the speakers are?
5. How do you think each speaker sounds (warm, cold, concerned, angry,
and so on?)
Emily: Okay, here's the place.
Vicky: The Multiple Organic Diner? Emily, do you really want to eat in this
hole in the wall?
- Larry: Now, Vicky, Emily is trying to help us get back into shape. Besides,
this place doesn't look so bad. It's a little dark maybe, but I'm sure
it's clean.
Emily: That's the spirit. Let's take that table over there.
Vicky: I suppose there's no smoking allowed in here.
Emily: Of course not, big sister. This is a health food restaurant. Besides, I
thought you said you were going to kick the habit.
Vicky: Well, Emily, I've tried. But, every time I stop smoking, I gain ten
pounds. I don't think I'll ever be able to give up smoking.
Emily: But you'll feel so much better when you do! I've been eating well
and exercising every day. I run two miles every other day and play
tennis every Sunday. I feel wonderful and everybody tells me I
a look great.
Larry: Yeah, Vicky, I think Emily is right. By the way, where's the waiter?
I'd like to order a drink before we eat.
Emily: Larry, it's only three o'clock in the afternoon. Besides, health food
restaurants don't serve alcohol.
Vicky: Wait a minute, Larry. I thought we agreed that you'd stop drinking
if I quit smoking.
Emily: I think you should both quit. Doesn't this restaurant make you
want to start living a healthy life? Why, just look at this menu.
Everything they serve here is natural and nutritious.
Larry: Never mind nutritious. What are the burgers like? I'm starving!
Emily: Oh, Larry. You must know that hamburgers have a lot of fat and
are high in calories.
Vicky: And the doctor told you that you have to lower your cholesterol
and lose at least 25 pounds. Smoking isn't the only way to have a
heart attack early in life, you know. I'm your wife and I'm too
young to dress all in black!
@
Larry: Don't worry, dear, I'm not going to die any time soon. Besides, I'm
going to start my new diet on Monday.
Emily: That's great, Larry, but I think the only real way to lose weight is to
eat less and exercise more.
Vicky: I agree with Emily. All you have to do is stop eating desserts and
fried foods and no more alcohol.
Larry: You know, maybe you're right. Emily can help me plan a diet.
Emily: And don't forget the exercise. Why don't you two come running
with me. I'd love to have the company and we could play tennis
together, too.
Vicky: No, running hurts my knees. I think swimming would be the best
exercise for me.
Larry: Well, I don't like swimming or running. But, I would like to get
back into playing handball. I was a really good player when I was
younger.
Emily: Well, the important thing is that you two make some serious
changes in your lifestyle. I'm really glad you're doing this. Now,
let's celebrate your decision by ordering a nice tall glass of carrot-
onion juice.
Vicky and
Larry: Carrot-onion juice? !?
Emily: Of course! It's chock full of vim and vitality! It's rich in vitamins
and minerals. There's vitamin C, B, and of course A for the eyes. Larry: Wait a minute. Our diet doesn't start until Monday, If we're going
to do any celebrating, I say we should go over to the Burger Palace
and have a real celebration.
Emily: But--
Vice: I'm with you, Larry. Come on, I'm starving. See you later, Emily.
EXERC,SE 4 Vocabulary in Context
Directions: Listen to the sentences from the dialogue and circle the answer that has the same meaning.
NARRATOR: 1. SENTENCE:
Vicky: Emily, do you really want to eat in this hole in the wall? NARRATOR: CONTEXT:
Vicky: Emily, do you really want to eat in this hole in the wall?
Larry: This place doesn't look so bad. It's a little dark maybe, but I'm
sure it's clean.
@
NARRATOR: SENTENCE:
Vicky: Emily, do you really want to eat in this hole in the wall? NARRATOR: 2. SENTENCE:
Emily: I thought you said you were going to kick the habit. NARRATOR: CONTEXT:
Emily: I thought you said you were going to kick the habit.
Vicky: Well, I've tried. But, every time I stop smoking, I gain ten
pounds. I don't think I'll ever be able to give up smoking.
NARRATOR: SENTENCE:
Emily: I thought you said you were going to kick the habit.
NARRATOR: 3. SENTENCE:
Emily: Everything they serve here is natural and nutritious.
NARRATOR: CONTEXT:
En~ily: Doesn't this restaurant make you want to start living a healthy
life? Why, just look at this menu. Everything they serve here is
natural and nutritious.
NARRATOR: SENTENCE:
Emily: Everything they serve here is natural and nutritious.
NARRATOR: 4. SENTENCE:
Emily: You must know that hamburgers have a lot of fat and are high
in calories.
@
NARRATOR: CONTEXT:
Emily: You must know that hamburgers have a lot of fat and are high
in calories.
Vicky: And the doctor told you that you have to lower your
cholesterol and lose at least 25 pounds.
NARRATOR: SENTENCE:
Emily: You must know that hamburgers have a lot of fat and are high in calories.
NARRATOR: 5. SENTENCE:
Vicky: I'm too young to dress all in black.
NARRATOR: CONTEXT:
Vicky: I'm too young to dress all in bl~'ck.
Larry: Don't worry, dear, I'm not going to die any time soon.
NARRATOR: SENTENCE:
Vicky: I'm too young to dress all in black.
NARRATOR: 6. SENTENCE:
Emily: It's chock full of vim and vitality! ,
NARRATOR: CONTEXT:
Emily: Now, let's celebrate your decision by ordering a nice tall glass
of carrot-onion juice.
Vicky and Larry: Carrot-onion juice? !?
Emily: Of course! It's chock full of vim and vitality! It's rich in
vitamins and minerals. There's vitamin C, B, and of course A
for the eyes.
NARRATOR: SENTENCE:
Emily: It's chock full of vim and vitality!
@
EXPANSION
Section 1 Diet and Exercise
EXERCISE 1 C Directions: Look at the Suggested Body Weights table again while you listen to the
following questions. Take notes on a separate piece of paper. Then, write the correct
answers in the spaces.
1. What is the shortest height and lowest weight for men on this chart?
2. What is the heaviest weight for women on this chart?
3. How much should a 5'4" woman weigh?
4. How much should a 5'11" man weigh?
S. Who should weigh more: a small-boned 5'5" man, or a small-boned
5'7" woman?
6. Who should weigh more: a small-boned 5'11" man, or a large-boned
5'11" woman?
Section 1 Diet and Exercise
EXERCISE 1 D Directions: Listen to the following descriptions and fill in the correct information
you hear for each person. Then, decide whether each person is at the correct weight.
1. I'm small-boned like all of the women in my family. Well, to tell the truth,
the men in my family are no giants either. I'm only 5'1" and I weigh
126 pounds.
2. I'm 5'9". My weight goes between 175 and 180. I try to eat healthy foods
and get exercise, but ! have to travel a lot for my job, and when I'm out of
town, it's very difficult to stay on my diet. I have a normal build.
3. I'm 5'7" and I weigh 109 pounds. I guess you can say that I have an
average build; well, as average as I'm ever going to gett I have looked like
t~is ever since I was a kid. And my mother used to make me wear short
skirts with bright-colored tights. I looked just like Pippi Longstockingt
4. I am 5'7" and I am very proud to say that I weigh 130 pounds. I guess
you could say that I've got a small build. Believe it or not, I used to weigh
169 poundst Five years ago I went on a diet and lost more than
30 pounds. It was hard work, but I'm very pleased with the results.
S. I'm 6'4" and you'd be surprised how many times every day people ask me
about my height. I like towering over the rest of the world, but sometimes
it's difficult finding suits and other clothing that fits. And there's no way
I could ever fit into a sports cart I'm average build and I weigh about
170 pounds.
6. I'm 5'2" and I weigh 140 pounds. I'm big-boned, but my bones are not as
heavy as I like to think they are. I used to be skinny as a child, but age
and laziness have made some changes. And having five children sure
didn't help t
@
Section 2 Counting Calories
EXERCISE 2B Directions: Listen to the following questions and take notes. Then, look at the
Calorie Contents of Selected Foods table to answer the following questions.
1. Find Vegetables. Which vegetable has the highest number of calories?
Which vegetable has the lowest number of calories?
2. Now, find Beverages. How many calories are there in two cups of tea? 3. Look at Vegetables. How many calories are there in twelve spears of
asparagus?
4. Look at Desserts and Snacks. Which has more calories: a slice of apple
pie or a slice of chocolate cake?
5. Look at Meats and Poultry. How many calories are there in two hot dogs? 6. Look at Grains. Which has fewer calories: two cups of oatmeal or two
slices of pizza?
7. Look at Beverages. Which is more fattening, a cup of coffee or a cup of
orange juice?
8. Look at Fruit. Which has more calories: an apple or a banana?
9. Look at Miscellaneous Items. Which has fewer calories: a tablespoon of
honey or a tablespoon of jam?
10. Look at Grains. Which has fewer calories: a tuna sandwich on white
bread or a tuna sandwich on a roll?
Section 2 Counting Calories
E X E RC I S E 2 C Directions: You will hear five customers ordering food in a restaurant. Write down
each customer's order in the spaces.
Customer 1:
Yes, I'd like the Dieter's Delight. Now, let's see; it says that that comes with a half
six spears of asparagus, and a cup of cup of cottage cheese, a sliced tomato,
fresh pineapple. That doesn't sound too bad. I don't think I'll have to worry
about going over my calorie limit. Oh, and I'd also like a cup of coffee please--
black with no sugar.
Customer 2:
I think I'll have the salmon and a baked potato... Oh, wait a minute; the last
time I had the salmon it was a little too dry. Hmm... I don't really feel like eating
cod... Uh, well, tell you what; let me have the steak--medium-rare, please.
Yeah, I don't care if they say that red meat is bad for you. As a matter of fact, make
the steak blood rare. A nice thick steak once in a while never hurt anybody. Of
course, I'll want a baked potato with my steak. I'd also like a beer, please.
Customer 3:
I'd like a turkey sandwich on whole wheat, please. If you don't mind, I'd like
the bread lightly toasted. I don't want any mayonnaise; please give me
mustard--just a little mustard--instead. Hot mustard if you have it. Mustard is
so much better for you than mayonnaise. It tastes just as good and has a
fraction of the calories. I'll have a glass of iced tea with two sugars as well,
please.
@
Customer 4:
Boy, I'm starved. All I've had today was some oatmeal and a banana. Let me have
a couple of slices of pizza--no, make that three slices. Can I get a salad with
that? No? Okay, then I think I'll just have a slice of apple pie for dessert. Oh,
and could you bring me a bottle of beer right away, please.
Customer 5:
Do you still serve those wonderful homemade fish sticks? You do? Those are
the best in town! If I were hungry, I'd order some right now. I think I want
something light; is there any chocolate cake left? No? I know that goes pretty
fast. How about cookies; do you have any oatmeal cookies? Okay, I'd like two
cookies and a glass of milk, please.
FOCUS: CONDITIONALS
EXERCISE 1 Directions: Listen to the following real conditional or result clauses and circle the
clauses that can be joined to them.
Example: If I have the money,
1. Mary will go on a diet...
2. John will reach his correct weight...
3. If you join the exercise class,
4. Maria will eat more fruits and vegetables...
5. If Sally eats a lot of chocolate cake on her birthday,
EXE RCIS E 2Directions: Listen to the following unreal conditional or result clauses and circle the
clauses that can be joined to them.
Example: If I had the money,
1. l~f Mary went on a diet,
2. If John reached his correct weight,
3. You would join the exercise class...
4. If Maria ate more fruits and vegetables,
S. Sally would eat a lot of chocolate cake on her birthday...
EXERCISE 3Directions: Listen to the following sentences. Then, circle the correct answer.
Example: If I have the money, I will join a health club.
1. I would go running with you if I had stronger knees.
2. Eddie's health will improve if he quits smoking.
3. If I lived near the park, I would go running every day.
4. I will get in shape quickly if I join a health club.
S. If Ling keeps abusing narcotics, the police will incarcerate her.
@
Customer 4:
Boy, l'm starved. All I've had today was some oatmeal and a banana. Let me have
a couple of slices of pizza--no, make that three slices. Can I get a salad with
that? No? Okay, then I think I'll just have a slice of apple pie for dessert. Oh,
and could you bring me a bottle of beer right away, please.
Customer 5:
Do you still serve those wonderful homemade fish sticks? You do? Those are
the best in town! If I were hungry, I'd order some right now. I think I want
something light; is there any chocolate cake left? No? I know that goes pretty
fast. How about cookies; do you have any oatmeal cookies? Okay, I'd like two
cookies and a glass of milk, please.
FOCUS: CONDITIONALS
EXERCISE 1 Directions: Listen to the following real conditional or result clauses and circle the
clauses that can be joined to them.
Example: If I have the money,
1. Mary will go on a diet...
2. John will reach his correct weight...
3. If you join the exercise class,
4. Maria will eat more fruits and vegetables...
5. If Sally eats a lot of chocolate cake on her birthday,
EXERCISE 2Directions: Listen to the following unreal conditional or result clauses and circle the
clauses that can be joined to them.
Example: If I had the money,
1. l~f Mary went on a diet,
2. ]f John reached his correct weight,
3. You would join the exercise class...
4. If Maria ate more fruits and vegetables,
5. Sally would eat a lot of chocolate cake on her birthday...
EXERCISE 3Directions: Listen to the following sentences. Then, circle the correct answer.
Example: If I have the money, I will join a health club.
1. I would go running with you if I had stronger knees. 2. Eddie's health will improve if he quits smoking.
3. If I lived near the park, I would go running every day. 4. I will get in shape quickly if I join a health club.
5. If Ling keeps abusing narcotics, the police will incarcerate her. @
6. If I only eat a salad, I'll be famished later.
7. If you practiced progressive relaxation techniques, you would feel
calmer.
8. If fondue weren't fattening, I would eat it regularly
9. If we don't work out religiously, we'll lose the battle of the bulge. 10. If you don't stop noshing on those cookies, you'll need to shop for a new
wardrobe.
PRACTICE
EXERCISE 1 Directions: You will hear ten questions. Read the three possible responses and
circle
the correct answer.
1. How much weight are you planning to lose?
2. Why should I cut down on my cheese consumption?
3. Which one of these foods has the highest number of calories?
4. Shouldn't you eat more fruit and vegetables?
S. How often do you exercise?
6. What's nutritious about this food?
7. How many calories of food are needed to produce a pound of weight?
8. Can you describe your sister, please?
9. When are you starting your new diet?
10. What can Henry do to get back into shape?
EXERCISE 2Directions: You will hear ten sentences. Read the three choices and circle the correct
answer.
1. If you didn't work on Saturday, you could play tennis with us.
2. A plain hot dog has fewer calories than a turkey sandwich with lots of mayonnaise.
3. I have already lost 25 pounds, and when I lose 15 more, I will be at my
ideal weight.
4. If I join a health club, I'll go swimming every day.
5. Goldsmith's Fitness Center is open on weekdays from noon to 6:00. 6. Frances smokes, her husband Dan eats a lot of junk food, and they both
hate to exercise.
7. Sylvia got a very high score on the health survey
8. The average American is overweight for two major reasons.
9. If you had a job in a restaurant, you would have to watch your weight.
10. Tom's stress level is very high.
@
EXERCISE 3Directions: Listen to the conversations. Each time you hear the bell, circle the
sentence that you think is correct.
Conversation 1
Eddie! Long time no see! Where have you been hiding? Pam: Hey,
Eddie: Oh, hi, Pam. I was transferred to the west coast office for a year.
Pare: Welcome back.
Eddie: Thanks. What's new with you?
you know, the same old thing. Between work, A1, and the kids, Pam: Oh,
I never seem to have enough time to come out here to jog.
Eddie: Unfortunately, exercise is always the first thing we give up.
Bell Sound
Eddie: You look like you haven't been jogging in years.
Pam: Excuse me?
Eddie: I guess all those after school snacks are just taking their toll. You
know, you're much too young to be going to pot like this. How old
are you anyway, 34 or 35?
-Pam: I don't really think . . .
Eddie: Because, the way you're going, if you keep piling on the pounds
you'll be looking at some serious health problems down the line,
not to mention all the money you'll be spending on tent dresses!
Pam: Yeah, well thanks for the pep talk, Eddie. I've got to go.
Bell Sound
Conversation 2
Carl: I'm starving!
Debbie: Me, too. So, what are you in the mood for?
Carl: Hmm, let's see; I think I'll have the burger special with a side of cole slaw and a root beer.
,~ Bell Sound
Debbie: Wait a second. I thought we were going to start our diets today.
Carl: Yeah, that's right.
Debbie: So, shouldn't you be going easy on the fat and cholesterol?
Carl: I am.
Debbie: You call a hamburger, cole slaw, and a soft drink good for you?
Carl: Read the fine print, honey. The burger is made of vegetable tofu, the cole slaw has a yogurt dressing instead of mayonnaise, and the root beer is all natural without sugar.
Bell Sound
@
E X E RC I S E 4Directions: You will hear three conversations. At the beginning of each
conversation
you will hear a question. Listen to the conversation. Then, circle the best answer.
1. Question: How much does the Burnidoff program cost for one month?
Announcer: Join the Burnidoff Diet Program Today! For just pennies a
day, you too can look slim and trim and feel healthy and fit!
Why, just listen to this satisfied Burnidoff customer:
Carol: I lost 130 pounds in just nine months with the Burnidoff
program. My husband says I look better now than the day we
got married. And that was 35 years ago!
Announcer: That's what Burnidoff will do for you. Remember, just $50
per week. Call us at 555-3438 for more information. That's
555-DIET. Call now!
2. Question: Which activities is the daughter involved in?
Cathy: Oh, you have such lovely children!
Christie: Why, thank you. We're very proud of them.
Cathy: They look so healthy and athletic. Are they involved in school
sports?
Christie: Yes, they are. My son, Don, is on the high school swim team. Of
course he also lifts weights--they all have to do that as part of
their training.
Cathy: He does look quite strong. So does your daughter Patricia. I bet
she's a dancer. Is she studying ballet?
Christie: No, actually she's captain of the basketball team. She also enjoys bike riding.
Cathy: I wish my children were as interested in fitness as yours.
3. Question: What is Jerry worried about?
lerry: Paula, I've decided I've got to stop smoking.
Paula: Oh, Jerry, I'm really happy. You know smoking is so dangerous for
your health. Just weeks after you stop, you'll feel a big difference.
lerry: Yeah, well I'm a little afraid that I might gain a lot of weight. They
say that you eat a lot more from nerves when you stop smoking.
Paula: Listen, just get involved in some exercise program and it will help
you relax. I didn't gain any weight when I stopped smoking.
Jerry: That's true. You didn't seem to have a lot of trouble at all.
Paula: Well, it was difficult, but I made up my mind that I had to do it if I
wanted to stay healthy and live to be old enough to see my
grandchildren grow up.
Jerry: I'm not worried about my health at all. I haven't been smoking that
long, and besides, I'm as healthy as a horse. I just can't stand
nonsmokers always asking me to leave the room. And it's becoming
more difficult to smoke if you want to go almost anywhere in
public.
Paula: Well, Jerry, I think that's good. It's getting you to stop smoking and
you know that it can only be good for your health.
@
EXERCISE 5Directions: Listen to the sentences. Choose the correct vocabulary word.
1. I love running, swimming, and jogging.
2. You must score 89 to 100 points to get an A.
3. Don't eat those cookies. Have an apple instead.
4. The Market Avenue Gym is small and dirty.
5. Kenny has red hair just like his mother.
6. All right everybody. Down to the ground. Touch your toes!
. Even though Ms. Johnson is 85 years old, she still swims, volunteers at 7
the day care center, and works part time.
8. My doctor told me I had to quit drinking tea and coffee.
9. Hazzar's Steakhouse has the biggest portions in the city.
10. Ann's husband died last year.
7 TAPESCRIPT
MAIN DIALOGUE
!XERCISE 1 Scanning for the Main Idea/Background Information
Directions: Listen to the selection and try to get a general idea of what is happening.
Remember, you don't have to understand everything. Just try to think about the
following questions:
1. What is the main idea of the dialogue?
2. Where do you think the dialogue is taking place?
3. What is the relationship between the speakers?
4. How old do you think the speakers are?
5. How do you think each speaker sounds (warm, cold, concerned, angry,
and so on)?
Debra: Okay, dinner's ready. Jake, Owen, let's sit down.
Jake: This looks delicious, Debra. I'm famished! I was so busy today
that all I had for lunch was a cold cup of coffee and a donut.
Debra: Oh, honey, that's not very healthy.
Owen: That chicken smells great! Please pass it over here, morn.
Jake: So, how was your first day at the summer job, son?
Owen: Pretty good. The factory is kind of big and noisy, but the people
seem nice. This lady, Gloria, showed me around and told me all
the rules and stuff.
Debra: Is Gloria the boss?
Owen: No, a guy named Mr. Carson is the head honcho. He wasn't there
today. I think he was at some kind of dog food convention in
Florida . . .
Debra: I'll get it.
Hello?
Ralph: Hello. Is this the Bamboo, uh, Bamboozal, uh . . .
Debra: Bamboozalich.
Ralph: Right! Is this the Bamboozalich residence?
Debra: Yes, it is.
Ralph: My name is Ralph Packard, and I'm calling from the Patlantic Ball
Phone Company to tell you about our exciting new long-distance
offer, the Call Me Sometime program. For only forty-nine dollars
a month, plus tax, you can make unlimited long-distance
calls between midnight and six a.M. ! And, for a small additional
fee . . .
Debra: Excuse me, I don't want to be rude, but . . .
Ralph: ! assure you, ma'am, this is a legitimate offer. There are no hidden charges or fees. Just the forty-nine dollars a month, plus tax. I'm sure you're paying a lot more for your long-distance bills now! I'd be happy to . . .
@
Debra: Listen, my dinner's getting cold. I really can't talk about this
now . . .
Ralph: But, this is a great offer, Ms. Bamboo, uh, Bambooza . ~ .
Debra: I'm really sorry. Good-bye!
Jake: Who was that?
Debra: It was a solicitor.
lake: What was it this time?
Debra: Some kind of telephone service, I think. Those guys are a pain in
the neck. They always call at the worst possible time. Now, where
were we? Oh, Owen, you were saying that you haven't met the
boss yet.
Owen: No, but I met his son, Mark.
lake: Is Mark a supervisor?
Owen: No, not yet, but he will be once he gets more experience. He
spent last summer loading the delivery trucks, but this year he's
going to be working on the assembly line with me. I hope it . . .
lake: Hold that thought. I'll be right back.
Hello?
Nancy: Congratulations! You have just~vvon a complimentary two-night
stay in Las Vegas, Nevada!! That's right; you and a guest are
invited to spend the weekend, free of charge, at our fabulous new
Golden Fleece hotel and casino. This is your once-in-a-lifetime
opportunity to take advantage of our amazing world-famous
accommodations
lake: Sorry, but I'm not really . . .
Nancy: . . . Fleece, located just five miles south of downtown, features
three award-winning restaurants, a two-acre golf course, and, once
construction is completed, a fully-enclosed indoor swimming
pool! In addition . . .
lake: Hello? Excuse me. Hey!
Nancy: . . . great food venues, you and your friend can enjoy an evening
of fine entertainment in the Golden'Fleece's spacious 300-seat
theater. This month, we're featuring stage and screen star Jerry
Berry in the Gower Champion classic, Bye Bye Birdie! Don't miss
this opportunity! To get your free two-night room at the Golden
Fleece, just call our toll-free number! You can reach us at . . .
lake: It's a recorded message! It's not even a real person! I can't believe
it! When did they start doing that?
Debra: This really is getting out of control. We can't even share a meal
together without the phone ringing, or someone knocking at the
door . . .
lake: Don't answer that!
Owen: Let me take this one. I know how to handle these guys.
Hello.
@
Fred: Good evening. My name is Fred Dooley, and I'm calling on behalf
of the Burnidoff Diet Program. Did you know that for $9.99 a
week, the Burnidoff diet program can help you lose up to
50 pounds in two months . . .
Owen: Thanks so much for calling, Fred. But, you've really called me at a
bad time . . .
Fred: Well, um, but, uh, there's never a bad time to hear about the
Burnidoff Diet Program! We have a full line of diet foods that
are available for only $120 a month. If you want to lose weight
and . . .
Owen: Fred! Your program sounds interesting, but I really can't talk right
now. Hey, I've got a great idea! Why don't you give me your phone
number, and I'll call you back! I want to be sure I reach you, so
yoU'd better give me your home phone number. Oh, and you
should tell me what time you eat dinner, so I can be sure to call
you then!
Fred: I don't want you to call me at home! And, I don't want you to call
me while I'm eating dinner. That would be very disruptive.
Owen: But, you're calling me at home during my dinner!
Fred: Uh, well, but, uh . . .
Owen: Goodbye, Fred!
Debra: That was ingenious, Owen! How did you think of that?
Owen: I saw a guy do it on a TV show once. It works pretty well.
lake: It sure does! He won't be calling again. So, what do you say we
get back to our dinner?
Debra: Great idea.
Owen: Would you pass me the asparagus, please . . .
Vocabulary in Context
EXERCISE 4Directions: Listen to these sentences from the dialogue and circle the answer that
has the same meaning.
NARRATOR: 1. SENTENCE:
Jake: I'm famished.
NARRATOR: CONTEXT:
lake: I'm famished. I was so busy today that all I had for lunch was a
cold cup of coffee and a donut.
@
NARRATOR: SENTENCE:
Jake: I'm famished.
NARRATOR 2. SENTENCE:
Owen: A guy named Mr. Carson is the head honcho.
NARRATOR CONTEXT:
Debra: Is Gloria the boss?
Owen: No, a guy named Mr. Carson is the head honcho.
NARRATOR: SENTENCE:
a
Owen: A guy named Mr. Carson is the head honcho.
NARRATOR: 3. SENTENCE:
Ralph: You can make unlimited long-distance calls!
NARRATOR CONTEXT:
Ralph: For only forty-nine dollars a month, plus tax, you can make
unlimited long-distance calls be~tween midnight and six A.M.! NARRATOR: SENTENCE:
Ralph: You can make unlimited long-distance calls! NARRATOR: 4. SENTENCE:
Ralph: This is a legitimate offer.
NARRATOR CONTEXT:
Ralph: I assure you, ma'am, this is a legitimate offer. There are no
hidden charges or fees.
@
NARRATOR SENTENCE:
Ralph: This is a legitimate offer.
NARRATOR: 5. SENTENCE:
Debra: It was a solicitor.
NARRATOR CONTEXT:
Jake: Who was that?
Debra: It was a solicitor.
lake: What was it this time?
Debra: Some kind of telephone service, I think. NARRATOR SENTENCE:
Debra: It was a solicitor.
NARRATOR 6. SENTENCE:
Debra: Those guys are a pain in the neck.
NARRATOR CONTEXT:
Debra: Those guys are a pain in the neck. They always call at the
worst possible time.
NARRATOR: SENTENCE:
Debra: Those guys are a pain in the neck.
NARRATOR 7. SENTENCE:
Nancy: Congratulations! You have just won a complimentary two-
Nevada!! night stay in Las Vegas,
@
NARRATOR CONTEXT:
Nancy: Congratulations! You have just won a complimentary two-
night stay in Las Vegas, Nevada!! That's right; you and a guest
are invited to spend the weekend, free of charge, at the
fabulous new Golden Fleece Hotel and Casino.
NARRATOR SENTENCE:
Nancy: Congratulations! You have just won a complimentary two-
night stay in Las Vegas, Nevada!!
NARRATOR 8. SENTENCE:
Jake: It's a recorded message!
NARRATOR CONTEXT:
Jake: It's a recorded message! It's not even a real person! I can't
believe it! When did they start doing that? NARRATOR: SENTENCE:
Jake: It's a recorded message!
NARRATOR 9. SENTENCE:
Fred: That would be very disruptive.
NARRATOR: CONTEXT:
Fred: I don't want you to call me at home! And, I don't want you to
call me while I'm eating dinner. That would be very disruptive. NARRATOR: SENTENCE:
Fred: That would be very disruptive.
@
NARRATOR 10. SENTENCE:
Debra: That was ingenious!
NARRATOR: CONTEXT:
Debra: That was ingenious, Owen! How did you think of that?
Owen: I saw it a guy do it on a TV show once. It works pretty well.
Jake: It sure does!
NARRATOR: SENTENCE:
Debra: That was ingenious!
EXPANSION: PROPAGANDA
EXERCISE 3Directions: Listen to the following commercials and speeches. For each one, circle
the propaganda strategy used.
1. Hello friends. Do you want to be popular and win friends? Do you want
to walk into a job interview and immediately wow the boss? How about
successfully asking the person of your dreams out on a date? Well the key
to your success is right here in this little tube of Doxicretinoid.
Doxicretinoid will have you looking fresh, relaxed, and young again in no
time at all. Doxicretinoid has been created for energetic people who want
to maintain their youthful vim and vigor. Smart, active, and worldly folks
who are constantly on the go can always use a boost of youth and vitality
and it's yours with the simple daily application of this miracle remedy
w~ich was developed at a Swiss spa catering to the rich and famous. From
jet-setters to people like you, Doxicretinoid will have people feeling like a
million dollars in no time at all. Doxicretinoid, the secret to happiness
and eternal youth. Available at most pharmacies and drug outlets in lotion
or gel.
2. Good evening, ladies and gentleman. This is Doctor Jennifer Wong from
the hit radio show What's Bugging You? I'm here to tell you about a great
restaurant called Chez Latidaz, located on Highway 9 right next to the S
& G gas station. If you're looking for a great place to eat that's friendly,
pleasant, and delicious, this is the eatery for you! Chez Latidaz is open for
breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Ask about their daily specials, and don't miss
their delicious pies and desserts. Take it from Dr. Jenny: If what's bugging
you is that you're in need of a wonderful restaurant, Chez Latidaz is the
place for you!
@
3. Hi. I'm Desmond McDillon. I'm not a lawyer, but I play one on the BGNS
series The Firm. l'm here to talk to you about a group of lawyers who are
committed to serving the public: Jahokey and Slyers Attorneys at Law.
Jahokey and Slyers is a legal firm that works for you. When you sign on
with Jahokey and Slyers, you are not asked to pay a single penny up front
for their services. If your case is not won in court, you pay nothing.
Jahokey and Slyers has a team of the best qualified attorneys, who are
ready to help you with your big day in court. Remember, if they don't win,
they receive no money, so it's in their best interests to fight the best fight
that they can. If you are currently in need of legal assistance, I strongly
urge you to contact one of the offices of Jahokey and Slyers in your local
area. Remember, it won't cost you a dime, but it probably will help you to
win your case in court. Call now. And I'll see you on The Firm.
4.
Announcer: Are you afraid this might happen to you?
Diana: Hello?
Officer Greeley: Is this the Smather's residence?
Diana: Yes, it is.
Officer Greeley: Good evening, Ms. Smathers, my name is Max Greeley,
from the midtown police station, and I'm afraid I've got
some bad news concerning your daughter, Christine.
Diana: Oh, my goodness! Is s[~e all right?
Officer Greeley: I'm afraid not, ma'am. Christine was involved in a drunk
driving accident. She and two of her friends had been
drinking over near the mall and drove their car into the
side of a building. They were all injured pretty badly.
You'd better get over to Memorial hospital right away.
Announcer: Have you talked to your teenagers about the dangers of
drunk driving? What they don't know can kill them, so
take the time, sit down with your kids, and give them the facts. Drinking and driving do not mix.
Hello, everybody, this is Bill Fence, president of Microshock Computers. I
know a lot of you are sitting there thinking, Wow, that's Bill Fence, one of
the richest men in the world! But, believe me, folks, I'm the same as you
are. I drink coffee in the mornin' just like you, put my pants on one leg at
a time, just like you, and go to work every day just like you. And, believe
me, I know your life is difficult and you don't have time to do all the
things you need to do in a day. That's why the boys and I have come up
with a new software program called Microshock Word Power. This little
baby will help you organize your checkbook and household budget, and
make it easier to write letters and surf the Internet. Your kids will love it,
too! I know mine do. So, if you're like me and need a computer program
that will help you out, try Microshock Word Power. Thank you. @
o
lack: Jill asked me to pick up some soda, but I don't know which kind
to get.
Oscar: Well, that's easy. Get some Parpsie!
lack: Parpsie? Why Parpsie?
Oscar: Parpsie is the soda that everyone likes! It's the most popular soda
in the world! Why would you drink some number 2 brand, when
you can have the soda that nine out of ten taste testers judge as
the best? Parpsie is the soda for you, Jack. If you don't believe me,
just look around. Everybody loves Parpsie!
7. People of Kandizar, I come to you tonight to speak of the horrific
situation that we now face. We have desperately tried to make peace over the last two years, but now find that we have no other choice but than to protect our fatherland. The Godless Sibinars have once again shown what a cowardly and inhuman people they are. It is impossible to reason with people who behave like immoral dogs. If we do not protect our nation
now, we risk being attacked by these bloodthirsty, spiteful, and Godless
sinners. They have tried to spread their evil ways across our border and will not be happy until our women are debased into wearing the
shameless garments of their evil society. We must protect our people from the wicked forces to our west before our blessed country becomes a
sanctuary for the devil.
8. My fellow citizens, I promise that if I am elected, I will help to clean up
this city from the abysmally filthy and disheveled state it has fallen into.
For years now, we have been plagued by air pollution caused by
uncontrolled industry, our water has become dangerously impure, and our
streets have been an embarrassment because of the filth and graffiti that
can be seen everywhere. I pledge that within the first three months of my
term, I will enact legislation to limit industry's rampant disregard for our
environment. I will demand that while patrolling streets, law enforcement
9fficers will apprehend anyone seen defacing public property. It is time
that our city return to the God-fearing moral values upon which it was
founded. I would now like to close my speech by asking the Lord to give
us the strength to protect the good people of our community and to give
us the wisdom to prosper in the future. Amen.
FOCUS: ACTIVE AND PASSIVE FORMS
Section 1 Active and Passive Verbs
EX E RCI S E 1 Directions: Listen to the following sentences. For each sentence, circle the correct
form of the verb that you hear. 1. Customers may use this debit card at the local grocery store.
2. Chapter four was completed ten days ago.
3. Propaganda can be found in all kinds of advertisements.
4. A good telemarketer gets people to keep listening.
@
5. Critical thinkers are not easily fooled by bait and switch scams.1
6. The ad for the Burnidoff Diet Program targets people with low self-
esteem.
7. Jack received an offer in the mail to make money fast.
8. Molly was sent a copy of her credit report.
i
E X E RC I S E 2Directions: Listen to the following sentences. For each sentence that you hear,
decide ~i
who the doer of the action is. Circle the correct answer.
1. Nancy was offered a credit card with no limit.
2. My teacher excused me from yesterday's homework.
3. They sent Lisa on an all-expenses paid trip to Las Vegas.
4. Kitty was overcharged twenty-five dollars on last month's telephone bill.
5. The University of Oakdale was built in 1956.
6. Mr. Lopez called his sister Louisa long distance on her birthday.
7. Critical thinking should be used by all decision makers.
8. The Plain Folks device is practiced by most politicians.
,P
Section 2 Active and Passive Adjectives
EXERCISE 3Directions: Listen to the following sentences and circle the sentence with the same
meaning.
Example: Rodney couldn't understand the teacher's question.
1. Some students were speaking very loudly in the library while I was trying
to study.
2. Martha fell down on her way to the blackboard.
3. Theresa studied very hard, but she only got a C minus on the test.
4. The students have to do the same homework exercises every night. 5. Sandy was on vacation in July, but her electric bill was over $100.
EXERCISE 4Directions: Listen to the following sentences. Then, circle the sentence with the
same
meaning.
Example: The test directions were extremely confusing.
1. My new neighbor is a very frightening person.
2. I asked Donna about her new boyfriend and she told me that she really
thinks that he is interested in her.
3. The librarian jumped when she saw the stack of falling books.
4. The Andersons had to lend money" to their grown son.
5. The divorcing couple closed their bank account this morning. @
PRACTICE
EXERCISE 1 Directions: You will hear ten questions. Read the three possible responses and
choose the correct answer.
1. When should you use critical thinking?
2. Why was the consumer upset?
3. Did Emily persuade you to buy a new car?
4. Why did you hang up the phone?
5. How can I find out about my vacation benefits?
6. Why did you change telephone companies?
7. Where can I find out about the latest consumer scares?
8. What's the difference between these two advertisements?
9. How was Vicky scammed into buying that lemon?
10. What's an example of bandwagon?
EXERCISE 2 Directions: You will hear ten sentences. Read the three choices and circle the correct answer.
1. Jeffrey says he is never influenced by propaganda.
2. Kate couldn't persuade Javier to pay for her lunch.
3. Angela gets more junk mail than Tina, but less than Timothy.
4. The phone company called Allan with a legitimate offer.
5. That store frequently uses bait and switch scams.
6. Senator Gleason says that this brand of potato chips is the best.
7. l was transferred to the supervisor by a very insulting telemarketer.
8. Eric came up with an ingenious way for the company to make money.
9. Even though the telemarketer began with a funny joke, I was bored by
l~is pitch.
10. Phyllis just ate an entire chicken by herself!
EXERCISE 3Directions: Listen to the conversation. Each time you hear the bell, circle the
sentence that you think is correct.
Telephone rings
Fred: Hello?
Ralph: Hello. Is this the Dooley residence?
Fred: Yes, it is.
Ralph: Hello, Mr. Dooley. My name is Ralph Packard, and I'm calling from
the Patlantic Ball Phone Company . . .
Bell Sound
@
Fred: Great! Thanks for calling me back. I have a question about my
phone bill. There's a charge on it for a twenty-minute call to
Altoona, Texas, that was made on March 1st at 2 A.M. I don't know
anybody in Altoona! Not only that, but I was asleep at 2 a.m., so
there's no way that I made that call!
Bell Sound
Ralph: Oh, I'm not calling about your bill. I don't work in the customer
service department; l'm in sales.
Fred: Sales?
Ralph: That's right, and I'm calling to tell you about our exciting new
long-distance offer, the Call Me Sometime program.
Bell Sound
Fred: The Call Me Sometime program? What's that?
Ralph: I'm so glad you asked! For only forty-nine dollars a month, plus
tax, you can make unlimited long-distance calls between midnight
and six A.M. !
Fred: That sounds like a pretty good deal . . .
Bell Sound
Fred: A pretty good deal if you want to make long-distance phone calls
in the middle of the night! But, like I said before, I'm asleep at
2 A.M.! Thanks for your time, but'~ need someone to explain my
bill, not try and sell me a worthless program.
Bell Sound
E X E RCIS E 4Directions: You will hear three selections. At the beginning of each conversation you
will hear a question. Listen to the conversation. Then, circle the best answer.
1. Question: What's the best title for this dialogue?
Ernie: Hi, I'm interested in the CD player you advertised on sale in
today's newspaper.
Larry: Oh, yes. We.have an amazing variety of CD players that are all on
sale today. Which one did you have in. mind?
Ernie: The Fony Megastorage for $499 is the one that caught my eye. I've
been wanting a megastorage CD player for the longest time but
have never seen one for under $600. I raced down here as soon as
I saw your ad.
Larry: Well that is quite a deal, but if you think that one is good, let me
show you this Demon Megastorage with remote control and a five-
year warranty. Look right here. It comes in five different designer
colors and includes a pair of headphones.
Ernie: Wow, those colors are amazing. I didn't realize you could get audio
equipment in chartreuse. I already have a computer in that color.
Larry: Demon is on the cutting edge of design. And they've just come out
with receivers and turntables to match, so you can build yourself a
complete system. This is really an incredibly stylish and
sophisticated piece of equipment.
@
Ernie: Yes, it really is amazing. How much is it?
Larry: Believe it or not, if you get the complete system, the price of the
CD player drops to only $467.
Ernie: Gee, that's cheaper than the Fony. How much is it alone?
Larry: Well, you really have to take advantage of this special offer. If you
don't get the complete system now, you run the risk of the color
being discontinued, so you won't be able to build a completely
matched system.
Ernie: Oh, I already have a great receiver and turntable. I just want the
CD player. So, how much is it?
Larry: This is the best player that Demon makes. It's got state-of-the-art
technology and design. You can't even~
Ernie: Yeah, but how much is it?
Larry: Only $649.
Ernie: Oh, no, that's much too much. I really want the Fony on sale.
Where are they?
Larry: Uh . . . Um . . . Gee, unfortunately, I think they're all sold out.
.But there is another Fony on sale for $589. It comes with . . . 2. Question: What is this 'an advertisement for?
Janet: Is your life too hectic? Do you find that you just don't have the
time to do what you want to do because you have to go to work,
study for a test, or pick up the kids? If this is sounding a little too
familiar, I have a great suggestion for you!
To make sure that we spend quality time together, Travis and I get
up every morning and greet the day with a nice long walk. Did you
know that walking is one of the best forms of exercise? It's a safe,
low-impact form of aerobics that's great for your health and your
spirits. If you want to get fit, you can't do it by sitting around. You
have to get active!
Now, I know what you're thinking: "But, I don't have time to
shower, dress, eat breakfast, get the kids ready, and go for a walk!"
l'm here to tell you that you do! Here's how: Wake up thirty
minutes early, and get dressed. Don't worry about what you look
like; just grab your Apollo II walking shoes with the patented
cushioned sole for arch support and comfort, and tell your feet to
start walking!
Before you head out the door, make sure you power up with a
healthy breakfast. Instead of reaching for the coffee, pour yourself a
You'll feel the energy tall glass of freshly squeezed orange juice.
right away.
So, take it from us, if you want to make a real change in your
lifestyle, you need to think smart, eat smart, and hit the pavement
in your Apollo II'S. You'll be glad you did, right, Travis?
Travis: Woof!
@
3. Question: Which propaganda device is being used?
Has this ever happened to you: You're sitting in your living room
watching TV when suddenly, there's a power outage and the lights go out!
It is pitch black. You're alone. You're scared. You need help, but you're
afraid to get up and move around for fear that you'll bump into
something and maybe break your arm, or your leg . . . or worse. What
do you do? What do you do?
Luckily, the fine folks at Moonbeam have invented an emergency
flashlight that is perfect for any household emergency. The Light-O-Rama
is small enough to fit in a pocket, but provides a beam of light so
powerful, you can read the fine print of a phone book with it! Convenient
and easy to use, the Light-O-Rama only needs two double-A batteries and
provides over fourteen hours of continuous use. Remember, don't be
caught in the dark; get a Light-O-Rama today! EXERCISE 5Directions: Listen to the sentence. Choose the correct vocabulary word. 1. This letter says I've won a free trip to Florida? All I have to do is call this 900 number.
2. Good morning, Mr. Smith. My name is Ralph Packard, I'm calling to tell
you about a great new long-distance phone plan!
3. Bill Fence is the richest head honcho in the country.
4. At Chez Latidaz, you can have as much salad as you like. 5. Hello. This is President Sullivan-Carver asking you to buy Sonopanic
TVs. They're the best!
6. I really think you should try Bleem toothpaste. Trust me, it works. 7. This report is ingenious!
8. It's your responsibility to read ads carefully and ask salespeople
questions.
9. I couldn't get my homework done because Eduardo kept asking me
questions.
10. l'm going to look carefully at all of the information before I make my
decision.
@
3. Question: Which propaganda device is being used?
Has this ever happened to you: You're sitting in your living room
watching TV when suddenly, there's a power outage and the lights go out!
It is pitch black. You're alone. You're scared. You need help, but you're
afraid to get up and move around for fear that you'll bump into
something and maybe break your arm, or your leg . . . or worse. What
do you do? What do you do?
Luckily, the fine folks at Moonbeam have invented an emergency
flashlight that is perfect for any household emergency. The Light-O-Rama
is small enough to fit in a pocket, but provides a beam of light so
powerful, you can read the fine print of a phone book with it! Convenient
and easy to use, the Light-O-Rama only needs two double-A batteries and
provides over fourteen hours of continuous use. Remember, don't be
caught in the dark; get a Light-O-Rama today! EXERCISE 5Directions: Listen to the sentence. Choose the correct vocabulary word. 1. This letter says I've won a free trip to Florida? All I have to do is call this 900 number.
2. Good morning, Mr. Smith. My name is Ralph Packard, I'm calling to tell you about a great new long-distance phone plan!
3. Bill Fence is the richest head honcho in the country.
4. At Chez Latidaz, you can have as much salad as you like. 5. Hello. This is President Sullivan-Carver asking you to buy Sonopanic
TVs. They're the best!
6. I really think you should try Bleem toothpaste. Trust me, it works. 7. This report is ingenious!
8. It's your responsibility to read ads carefully and ask salespeople
questions.
9. I couldn't get my homework done because Eduardo kept asking me
questions.
10. l'm going to look carefully at all of the information before I make my
decision.
@
8TAPESCRIPT
MAIN DIALOGUE
EXERCISE 1 Scanning for the Main Idea/Background Information
Directions: Listen to the dialogue and try to get a general idea of what is happening.
Remember, you don't need to understand everything. Just try to think about the
following questions:
1. What is the main idea of this dialogue?
2. Where do you think the dialogue is taking place?
3. What role does each speaker have?
4. What level of education do you think each speaker has?
5. How do you think each speaker sounds (warm, cold, concerned, angry,
and so on)?
Allen: Good evening, folks, and welcome to another edition of:
How Green Are You?
" I'm your host, Allen Brizell, and this is the quiz show where we
test your knowledge of recycling, pollution, energy efficiency, and
other important environmental issues. Tonight's two lucky
contestants will be competing against each other for a cash prize of
ten thousand dollars! Let's meet them now, shall we?
First, we have Sally Chilch. She works as an accountant for a
computer software company in Allentown, Pennsylvania. And, over
here we have Jim Everett, a firefighter from Fort Lauderdale,
Florida. Welcome to you both!
Sally: Hi, Allen.
Jim: It's nice to be here, Allen.
Allen: I think you both know the rules: I'll ask you questions about the
,; environment, and the person who gets the most answers correct
wins the money. So, without further delay, let's play:
How Green Are You?
Our first question is about water: You can conserve five gallons of
water a day by doing what?
Sally?
Sally: You can conserve five gallons of water a day by turning your faucet
off when you're brushing your teeth.
Allen: That's right!
Sally: And, installing a low-flow shower head will also significantly
reduce your water bill. You can save a lot of money and still have a
great shower!
Allen: You're correct, Sally! Too bad we can't give extra credit for that
answer. Okay, the score is one to zero. Here's question number two:
What appliance in the kitchen uses the most energy?
Allen: Yes, Jim?
Jim: Is it your stove?
@
Allen: No, sorry. That's not correct.
Sally?
Sally: It's your refrigerator!
Allen: Right! Your refrigerator is on 24/7. So, you want to be sure that it's
keeping your food fresh in the most energy-efficient way.
The score is now two zip. Come on, Jim, you need to start getting
some points!i
lira: I'm trying, Allen.
Allen: Next question: Besides buying a fuel-efficient car, what can you do
to get the best possible gas mileage when you're driving? i
Allen: Sally?
Sally: Take the bus?
Allen: Well, yes, taking the bus would get you quite a few miles per
gallon of gasoline, but that's not really.
Yes, Jim?
lim: To get the best possible gas mileage, you shouldn't drive your car over the speed limit. Driving fast wastes gas.
Allen: That's right! And driving slower also reduces your risk of accidents.
Another way to increase your gas mileage is to make sure that your
tires are properly inflated. You can~lose efficiency if your tires don't
have enough air.
Oh, that sound means it's time for the lightening round. I'll read a
statement and you tell me whether it's true or false. The category
this time is recycling. Jim, since you're behind coming into this
round, I'll start with you. Are you ready? lim: Yes.
Alien: True or false: The energy saved from recycling just one aluminum
can run a TV for three hours.
|im: Uh, true?
Allen: Correct. Okay, Sally, here's yours: True or false: It takes 75,000 trees
to print a Sunday edition of The New York Times newspaper.
Sally: False.
Allen: Actually, that's true. It takes 75,000 trees to print the Sunday Times. Sally: Wow! That's amazing!
Allen: Yes, and, here's what's really mind-boggling: About 90% of all
Sunday newspapers read in this country are not recycled. People
just throw them in the trash!
lim: That's really scary.
Allen: Yes, some people just don't get it. Okay, Jim, here's your next
question: True or false: Each year, Americans use more than 25
million Styrofoam coffee cups that cannot be recycled.
Jim: True.
@
Allen: Yes, unfortunately, that is true. And, let's not forget, those
Styrofoam cups last for about 500 years! Sally, you're next. True or
false: Americans throw away enough office and writing paper every
year to build a wall 12 feet high stretching from Los Angeles to
New York City.
Sally: True?
Allen: Yes. Instead of recycling, too many businesses just dump their
paper. We waste millions of trees every year
That signal means the lightening round is over. Let's check the
score to see who the winner is...why, it's a tie! You each have
three correct answers. That means we will ask you one final tie-
breaker question. Whoever gets it right wins the loot! So, for ten
thousand dollars, put your hands on your buzzers and get ready.
Here's the question: Who wrote the best-selling song, My baby's so
green, it's making me blue?
Sally?
Sally: Was it, urn, oh, what's his name? Johnny, uh, Johnny Appleton?
Allen: No. I'm sorry, that's incorrect. Jim, do you have a guess?
Jim: Johnny Webster! Johnny Webster wrote that song!
Allen: That's right! We have a winner!
Congratulations, Jim. Here's your check for ten thousand dollars,
which of course was printed on 100% recycled paper. Thanks for
playing, Jim and Sally. Well, folks, our time is up. This is Allen
Brizell saying "so long" and reminding you that: What you don't
know about conservation can hurt the environment, and what you
do know can earn you a whole lot of cash on the quiz show
How Green Are You ?
Vocabulary in Context
EXERCISE 4 Directions: Listen to these sentences from the dialogue and circle the answer that
has the same meaning.
NARRATOR: ]. SENTENCE:
Allen: Tonight's two lucky contestants will be competing against each
other for a cash prize of ten thousand dollars!
NARRATOR: CONTEXT:
Allen: Tonight's two lucky contestants will be competing against each
other for a cash prize of ten thousand dollars!
@
NARRATOR: SENTENCE:
Allen: Tonight's two lucky contestants will be competing against each
other for a cash prize of ten thousand dollars!
NARRATOR: 2. SENTENCE:
Sally: You can conserve five gallons of water a day by turning your
faucet off when you're brushing your teeth.
NARRATOR: CONTEXT:
Sally: You can conserve five gallons of water a day by turning your
faucet off when you're brushing your teeth.
NARRATOR: SENTENCE:
Sally: You can conserve five gallons of water a day by turning your
faucet off when you're brushing your teeth.
NARRATOR 3. SENTENCE:
Sally: It will also significantly reduce your water bill. NARRATOR: CONTEXT:
Sally: And, installing a low-flow shower'head will also significantly
reduce your water bill. You can save a lot of money and still
have a great shower!
NARRATOR: SENTENCE:
Sally: It will also significantly reduce your water bill. NARRATOR: 4. SENTENCE:
Allen: Your refrigerator is on 24/7.
@
NARRATOR CONTEXT:
Allen: Your refrigerator is on 24/7. So, you want to be sure that it's
keeping your food fresh in the most energy efficient way. NARRATOR: SENTENCE:
Allen: Your refrigerator is on 24/7.
NARRATOR: 5. SENTENCE:
Allen: The score is now two zip. NARRATOR: CONTEXT:
Allen: The Score is now two zip. Come on Jim, you need to start
getting some points!
NARRATOR: SENTENCE:
Allen: The score is now two zip. NARRATOR: 6. SENTENCE:
Allen: Another way to increase your gas mileage is to make sure that
,/
your tires are properly inflated.
NARRATOR: CONTEXT:
Allen: Another way to increase your gas mileage is to make sure that
your tires are properly inflated. You can lose efficiency if your
tires don't have enough air:
NARRATOR: SENTENCE:
Allen: Another way to increase your gas mileage is to make sure that
your tires are properly inflated.
@
NARRATOR: 7. SENTENCE:
Allen: Here's what's really mind-boggling: About 90% of all Sunday
newspapers read in this country are not recycled.
NARRATOR: CONTEXT:
Allen: Here's what's really mind-boggling: About 90% of all Sunday
newspapers read in this country are not recycled.
NARRATOR: SENTENCE:
Allen: Here's what's really mind-boggling: About 90% of all Sunday
newspapers read in this country are not recycled.
NARRATOR: 8. SENTENCE:
Allen: Each year, Americans use mor~ than 25 million Styrofoam
coffee cups that cannot be recycled.
NARRATOR: CONTEXT:
Allen: Each year, Americans use more than 25 million Styrofoam
coffee cups that cannot be recycled. And, let's not forget, those
Styrofoam cups last for about 500 years! NARRATOR: SENTENCE:
Allen: Each year, Americans use more than 25 million Styrofoam
coffee cu[~s that cannot be recycled.
NARRATOR: 9. SENTENCE:
Allen: Instead of recycling, too many businesses just dump their
paper.
NARRATOR: CONTEXT:
Allen: Instead of recycling, too many businesses just dump their
paper.
@
NARRATOR: SENTENCE:
Allen: Instead of recycling, too many businesses just dump their
paper.
NARRATOR: 10. SENTENCE:
Allen: Whoever gets it right wins the loot!
NARRATOR: CONTEXT:
Allen: Whoever gets it right wins the loot! So, for ten thousand
dollars, put your hands on your buzzers and get ready.
. NARRATOR: SENTENCE:
Allen: Whoever gets it right wins the loot!
EXPANSION
Section 1 Earth Day and Environmental Problems
EXERCISE 2Directions: Listen to the following Earth Day speakers describe environmental
problems. For each speaker, listen to find the problem, the causes, effects, and
solutions. Take notes. Don't worry about spelling.
1.,~
Air pollution is probably one of our oldest environmental problems. People in
Ancient Rome complained about dirty air over two thousand years ago! Today,
air pollution is not just found outside; polluting substances can also be trapped
inside of buildings. We sometimes hear people talk about sick buildings where
air quality is a serious concern.
Some causes of air pollution are natural, such as forest fires and volcanoes.
There's not much we can do about these sort of events. But, humans are
responsible for the two greatest sources of air pollution today: heavy industry
and automobile use. Factories and cars fill the air with poisonous gasses which
are damaging to plant and wildlife and make people sick. Did you know that,
on average, approximately 50,000 people in the United States alone die every
year from diseases related to air pollution? If we really care about the quality of
the air we breathe, we need to drive less and use public transportation more.
We must make our homes more energy efficient and practice recycling and
other conservation methods on a daily basis.
@
,
We live on the water planet. Our world is made up of 75 percent water, and
without water, there would be no life on earth. The atmosphere is not the only
part of our environment that is in danger. Water pollution is another real threat
to the survival of the planet.
Water becomes polluted when poisonous chemicals, garbage, waste sewage,
and other toxins are dumped into our lakes, rivers, and other water supplies.
and people dirty the water Factories pollute the water with chemical runoff,
with human waste in places where modern sewer systems are not available.
Oil spills from huge transport ships are another source of water pollution. When these accidents occur, the oil spills kill the birds, fish, and other animals
living in the water and disrupt the delicate food chain in our oceans, lakes, and rivers. Small life forms that fish feed on are killed, so the fish eventually die. Without those fish to eat, other animals cannot survive, and the terrible effects continue up to larger plants and animals until it directly affects humans. Moreover, when freshwater bodies are polluted, less water is available to us for drinking and for other essential life functions.
What can we do about this problem? Well, the~e are several things that can help to reduce water pollution. Laws must be created to limit the dumping of dangerous materials into our waters, and factories must be forced to pay very high fines for breaking these laws. In addition, governments must spend more money to help to clean up waters that are already polluted. Another step would be for manufacturers, such as those in the plastics industry, to develop products that are biodegradable--that is, products that break down and can be recycled
back into nature. Finally, people must demand that their governments do more to protect the source of all life: water.
3.
Today, there are more than six billion people living on the planet. Earth has become a very crowded,place, and the rise in the world population has had a negative impact on the environment. When people move in, the land, water, and air quality suffer. A perfect example of this problem is deforestation. Deforestation occurs when large areas of trees are cleared away in forests and
woodlands. The deforestation of tropical rain forests in places like Brazil and Central America is of particular concern as these locations contain some of the largest and richest forest areas in the world.
Why is deforestation happening? To meet the needs of the growing population, forests have been destroyed to provide lumber and wood products.
Additionally, deforestation has cleared land to be used for growing food and raising livestock such as cattle. The effect of this clearing has been deadly.
When deforestation occurs, thousands of species of plants and animals are killed. This destruction is particularly tragic when it occurs in rain forests, because humans rely on the rain forest for common products including coffee, bananas, chocolate, vegetables, and spices.
@
Deforestation also contributes to air pollution. When trees are cut and the land
cleared through burning, millions of tons of the poison carbon dioxide are
released into the atmosphere. This increase in carbon dioxide levels has caused
the average temperature on earth to rise by several degrees, a situation that is
contributing to another very serious environmental problem called global
warming.
In order to prevent the continued deforestation of our land, people need to
demand that governments do more to protect the earth's natural resources. We
must reduce our need for wood products through our personal choices. As
consumers, we must actively participate in recycling programs and other wood-
conservation activities.
Section 2 Environmental Organizations and Volunteerism
EX E RC I S E 1 Directions: Listen to the following descriptions of groups and organizations working
on environmental issues. Write the name and purpose of the organization in the
chart.
1.
The World Wildlife Fund, or WWE is an international organization working to protect the world's endangered species. Many people around the world are familiar with the WWF because of their official sign: a picture of a Panda bear. When only a few Panda bears were left on the earth, the World Wildlife Fund
helped to protect them and other animals threatened with extinction. The WWF was founded in 1961 and today has over three million members. They continue to work to protect animals against the many forms of pollution that are harming the soil, atmosphere, freshwater, and oceans in which they live. 2.
Founded in 1935, the Wilderness Society works to protect America's wilderness and to develop a nationwide network of wild lands. Their goal is to make sure
that the forests, rivers, deserts, and mountains of the United States remain
ff
untouched so that everyone can visit them and enjoy their clean air and water.
The Wilderness Society works to educate the public about important land
conservation topics from its headquarters in Washington, D.C. and its eight regional offices across the United States.
3.
The Audubon Society is one of the oldest conservation organizations in the United States. Named after an American naturalist and wildlife painter named John James Audubon, who lived from 1785 until 1851, the Audubon Society is dedicated to the preservation and protection of birds. In the early 1900s, there
were no laws in the United States to control the hunting of birds and other animals. Many birds were killed for their feathers and eggs, and some species became extinct. Members of the Audubon Society helped change attitudes and laws in the country to make sure that our bird life is protected. Today, the Audubon Society continues to educate the public about birds and encourages members to get involved in bird-watching and other environmentally friendly activities.
@
o
Zero Population Growth is a national grass-roots organization that focuses on the negative effects that the world's growing population has upon the environment. Zero Population Growth's goal is to slow population growth and achieve a balance between the Earth's people and its land, air, and water resources.
Founded in 1975, Zero Population Growth educates the public about current global, national, and local population issues. The organization has created classroom lessons to help students learn more about demographic trends and their relationship to the environment. The organization also teaches people
about the dangers of overpopulation and a variety of population-related issues, including family planning, the status and condition of women in the world today, immigration, and the growth of local communities.
5.
Established in 1969 as a nonprofit conservation organization, the Oceanic
Society focuses on marine wildlife. The mission of this group is to protect the whales, dolphins, and other aquatic species inhabiting the waters of the world. The Oceanic Society uses science, education, and activism to alert the public about the critical environmental problems that threaten our ocean's life forms. Volunteers at the Oceanic Society are given the unique opportunity to work up close with marine wildlife and help scientists collect important information during research expeditions.
FOCUS: COMPOUND NOUN STRESS VERSUS
NOUN PHRASE STRESS
You have already learned the difference between compound nouns and noun
phrases:
A noun phrase is the combination of an adjective + a noun.
Examples: a recycled newspaper
a healthy environment
a rechargeable battery
When you hear a noun phrase, you know that the first word just tells you what
kind of noun the second word is. It does not change the meaning of the noun.
A compound noun is a noun + noun or an adjective + noun that takes on a new
meaning from the original noun. Compound nouns can be two words
combined into one, or two separate words. Compound nouns have new
meanings from the main (second) noun.
Examples: a tiebreaker
an air conditioner
Notice that tiebreaker and air conditioner have very different meanings from
their main nouns breaker and conditioner.
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When compound nouns are the result of an adjective + a noun, they can easily
be mistaken for noun phrases that use the same words but have very different
meanings.
For example:
Noun phrase: After a lot of careful thought, he chose the red cross. (He chose a cross that was red.)
Compound noun: After a lot of careful thought, he chose the Red Cross. (He chose to volunteer to work for the Red Cross organization.)
Good listeners can tell the difference in meaning between these two sentences
because of their differing stress patterns.
With the noun phrase, the stress is on the noun, cross (the second word). It has
the normal meaning. The speaker is talking about a cross.
With the compound noun, the stress is on the adjective, red (the first word).
Example" After a lot of careful thought, he chose the Red Cross.
Said this way, the sentence has a new meaning. The speaker is talking about an
organization and not a cross.
Knowing how the stress of identical word combinations differ will help you to
become a better listener.
E X E RC I S E Directions: Listen to the following sentences. Choose the correct answer according to ,~vhere you hear the stress.
Example: Cleaning up toxic waste is dirty work.
The correct answer is a because the stress in on the second word in the phrase. 1. That area of the country is known for its wildlife.
2. Tom owns an amazing greenhouse.
3. They took the photos of the endangered animals to a darkroom.
4. Energy-minded consumers buy compact fluorescent lightbulbs.
S. The Audubon society has posters of beautiful black birds. 6. Jay walked into the room in a wet suit.
7. Look out the window at that early bird.
8. If we want stronger environmental laws, the man in the White House
will have to help us.
9. I always shop at that super market where they only sell green products.
10. To save energy, use a hotplate to boil water for tea.
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EXERCISE 2Directions: Listen to the sentences again. Choose the correct sentence according to
the meaning.
Example: I can tell by Terry's black belt that she is fashion conscious.
The answer is a. The stress is on the second word. The phrase is a normal noun
phrase and does not have a special meaning. The speaker is talking about a belt
that is black.
Letter b would have the stress on the first word. It would have the new meaning
of a marital arts expert.
1. That area of the country is known for its wildlife.
2. Tom owns an amazing greenhouse.
3. They took the photos of the endangered animals to a darkroom. 4. Energy-minded consumers buy compact fluorescent lightbulbs. 5. The Audubon society has posters of beautiful black birds. 6. Jay walked into the room in a wet suit. 7. Look out the window at that early bird. 8. If we want stronger environmental laws, the man in the White House
will have to help us. -" 9. I always shop at that super market where they only sell green products.
use a hotplate to boil water for tea. 10. To save energy,
PRACTICE
EXERCISE 1 Directions: You will hear ten questions. Read the three possible responses and
choose the correct answer.
1. What do you think is the most serious environmental concern in the
world today?
2. What should I do with all of these newspapers?
3. How can you conserve energy at home?
4. What is the best setting for your hot water thermostat?
5. How green are you?
6. When was the original Earth Day celebrated?
7. Where can I get information about family planning?
8. How many of these items can I recycle?
9. Why is water pollution still a problem?
10. What special things can I do to ensure that my home is energy efficient
during the winter?
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EXERCISE 2 Directions: You will hear ten sentences. Read the three choices and circle the
correct
answeE
1. Over 40 percent of the oil we use in this country goes into our cars and
trucks.
2. Joe convinced his wife to replace their old refrigerator with an energy- efficient model.
3. If we are serious about reducing deforestation, we've got to commit to
making changes in our daily life choices.
4. The World Wildlife Fund depends on donations and volunteers to keep the organization running.
5. Replacing just one quarter of your lights with compact fluorescent bulbs can reduce your lighting energy bill by 50 percent.
6. Believe it or not, I noticed this fat cat on the stage at the Earth Day
celebration.
7. That is one amazing hot dog.
8. Please clean the blackboard.
9. Ninety percent of our class recycles paper, yet only ten percent uses public transportation.
10. The hazardous waste law takes effect in three years. EXERCISE 3 Directions: Listen to the conversation. Each time you hear the bell, circle the sentence that you think is correct.
Aaron: So Mark, when do you begin?
Mark: I actually start on the 21st, so I'm hoping to dash off to the coast for a little surfing before l'm formally tied down.
Aaron: I don't blame you. You're going to be working long hours and should get a little R&R to help energize you before it all starts.
Bell Sound
Mark: We don't actually start working on the first day, but there is going
to be a very intense week of training, so I do want to get a little
play time in before I'm completely bogged down by work.
Aaron: Training? I didn't realize you'd need to do that.
Mark: Oh absolutely. All new volunteers are required to complete ten
days of training before they begin. We have classes in the morning
and then we're paired off with experienced volunteers in the
afternoon to learn the ropes.
Bell Sound
Aaron: I guess that's a good idea but this is something you can do in your
sleep. Granted it's tiring and hard work, but you've been doing it
practically all of your life.
Bell Sound
Mark: Come on! Just because I know how to read doesn't mean that I
know how to teach! People get advanced degrees in teaching
literacy, and we're only going to get ten days of practice before we
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come face-to-face with our students. This is very important work. ~ Some of these people are struggling to survive without knowing I how to read. Can you imagine not even being able to read a street
sign? Where do you begin?
Bell Sound
Aaron; I never thought about it like that. I guess it would be pretty
challenging. But hey, I bet there are a lot of other really pretty
female volunteers to help you get by.
Mark; Oh man. You wouldn't believe some of the women I saw at the orientation meeting. I had a hard time concentrating with all of the babes around me. With women like that around me, I know I made the right choice.
Bell Sound
Aaron; Well lucky you! Maybe I should sign up for the Power Through
Reading Project.
Mark: Now, now. It doesn't hurt that there are lots of amazing female
volunteers. But you have to remember that the work is the real reason for signing up. We heard from a former student at the
orientation meeting who spoke absut how this project has
changed her life. Everyone in the room was completely amazed.
The thought that sharing something that I know can have that
kind of an effect on someone's life is just mind-boggling. I'm really
psyched up to get started.
Bell Sound
EXERCISE 4Directions: You will hear two passages. At the beginning of each passage, you will
hear a question. Listen to the passage. Then, circle the best answer.
: What is the most serious cause of the problem discussed? 1. Question
The next part of our discussion will deal with the damage done to our
environment by the storage; dumping, and imprQper handling of dangerous
materials called hazardous waste. Hazardous waste is produced both on a large
scale by major industries and on a smaller scale by individuals. No matter
where it comes from, hazardous waste poses a serious threat to both human
health and the environment.
The processes used by industry to produce the goods that our growing world
population demands often create hazardous waste. It is often difficult and
expensive to get rid of these poisonous gasses, liquids, and chemicals or store
them in a way that does not endanger our air, land, and water. When hazardous
waste leaks from storage tanks, is spilled during transport, or is dumped
directly into rivers and bays, plants, animals, and humans become ill.
Individuals contribute to the problem of hazardous waste pollution by
throwing away many common household items that contain poisonous
components. Paint, cleaners, batteries, and other everyday products can be
dangerous to human and environmental health if not handled carefully. @
One effective solution to this problem would be greater government control over how hazardous wastes are removed. Governments could also limit the amount of waste industries are allowed to produce. In addition industries could be forced to break down harmful chemical compounds to less dangerous forms before these products are dumped into the ground. And, of course, individuals must begin to buy products that do not contain hazardous materials.
2. Question: Where would you probably hear this speech?
Since its inception more than thirty years ago, the environmental movement in this country has worked tirelessly to educate and activate citizens concerning our great but neglected planet: Mother Earth. We have fought hard against
complacent politicians, greedy corporations and public apathy to make sure that our concerns were heard. And, after countless teach-ins, demonstrations, boycotts, sit-downs, arrests, and actions, we can say that our message has finally gotten through. Today, we can proudly proclaim that recycling is an integral part of American behavior and can brag that we reuse close to 32 percent of the paper, metal, and glass that we consume in this great land.
-While this is certainly an accomplishment worthy of praise, should we be satisfied with this statistic? Would we be happy about a 32 percent
unemployment rate in this country? Would we be celebrating only a 32 percent reduction in the illiteracy rate? Of course not! We have done a lot, but we need
to do much more. Clearly, 68 percent of the populace has still not gotten the message. We have to respect Mother Nature and stop treating her like a gigantic garbage dump. We must view the environment as if it were a library, and borrow and use the resources responsibly. We have come a long way since 1970, but we
still have a long way to go.
EXERCISE 5Directions: Listen to the sentence. Choose the correct vocabulary word.
rank is going appliance shopping this weekend. 1. F
2. The first Earth Day was organized by ordinary people.
3. Juanita finally got rid of her broken refrigerator.
4. I am having a hard time believing they are still cutting down the rain forests !
5. The school is located in a beautiful area.
6. I answer the phones at the Wilderness Society on Saturday mornings.
7. The bank robbers stole over three million dollars.
8. The tires on my bicycle need air.
9. The new supermarket is convenient because it never closes.
10. I set my heater to turn off at 9 o'clock.
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