卫生统计学试题及答案

卫生统计学试题及答案 卫生统计学试题及答案(一) 1.用某地6,16岁学生近视情况的调查资料制作统计图，以反映患者的年龄分布，可用图形 种类为______. A.普通线图 B.半对数线图 C.直方图 D.直条图 E.复式直条图 【答案】C 2.为了反映某地区五年期间鼻咽癌死亡病例的年龄分布，可采用______. A.直方图 B.普通线图 C.半对数线图 D.直条图 E.复式直条图 【答案】E 3.为了反映某地区2000~1974年男性肺癌年龄别死亡率的变化情况，可采用______. A.直方图 B.普通线图 C.半对数线图 D.直条图 E.复式直条图 【答案】E 4.调查某疫苗在儿童中接种后的预防效果，在某地全部1000名易感儿童中进行接种， 经一定时间后从中随机抽取300名儿童做效果测定，得阳性人数228名。若要研究该疫苗在 该地儿童中的接种效果，则______. A.该研究的样本是1000名易感儿童 B.该研究的样本是228名阳性儿童 C.该研究的总体是300名易感儿童 D.该研究的总体是1000名易感儿童 E.该研究的总体是228名阳性儿童 【答案】D 5.若要通过样本作统计推断，样本应是__________. A.总体中典型的一部分 B.总体中任一部分 C.总体中随机抽取的一部分 D.总体中选取的有意义的一部分 E.总体中信息明确的一部分 【答案】C 6.下面关于均数的正确的说法是______. A.当样本含量增大时，均数也增大 B.均数总大于中位数 C.均数总大于差 5, working mechanism, some of the functions of regulatory measures did not form normalization, are engaged in mass, engage in Raiders of the phenomenon, not really so often caught, often grasping; some cross department functions and responsibilities unclear, shuffle disputes over trifles; some departments create atmosphere thick enough, on the facade of the glamorous but internal environment dirty and messy, number of PSAs for non-compliance, and so on. On the existence of these problems, the county at all levels and departments must attach great importance to, to catch catch early small, targeted, take effective measures to solve them, to create the actual results of city let people live better, more harmonious, more civilized. Two, focus, grasp the key to realistically catch fine Chong City tasks According to the urban civilization evaluation requirements and the actual situation of the county. The county deepen civilized city created to firmly grasp the cultivation and practice the socialist core value concept of the fundamental task, adhere to the "to hit the city to promote the work, let a city for the benefit of the people, the fundamental purpose of, fully optimized to promote the construction of" eight "of the larger environment, and constantly improve the quality and extent of urban civilization civilized people, strive to Juxian built into a beautiful environment, good order, quality service, people's satisfaction with the civilized city. D.均数是所有观察值的平均值 E.均数是最大和最小值的平均值 【答案】D 7.某地易感儿童注射乙肝疫苗后，从中随机抽取100名儿童测量其乙肝表面抗体滴度水 平，欲描述其平均水平，宜采用______. A.均数 B.几何均数 C.中位数 D.方差 E.四分位数间距 【答案】B 8.有人根据某种沙门菌食物中毒患者164例的潜伏期资料，用百分位数法求得潜伏期的 单侧95%上限为57.8小时，其含义是:______. A.大约有95人的潜伏期小于57.8小时 B.大约有5人的潜伏期大于57.8小时 C.大约有5人的潜伏期小于57.8小时 D.大约有8人的潜伏期大于57.8小时 E.大约有8人的潜伏期小于57.8小时 【答案】D 9.以下说法中不正确的是______. A.方差除以其自由度就是均方 B.方差时要求各样本来自相互独立的正态总体 C.方差分析时要求各样本所在总体的方差相等 D.完全随机的方差分析时，组内均方就是误差均方 E.完全随机设计的方差分析时，F=MS组间/MS组内 【答案】A 10.两组数据中的每个变量值减去同一常数后，作两个样本均数比较的假设检验______. A.t值不变 B.t值变小 C.t值变大 D.t值变小或变大 E.不能判断 【答案】A 11.甲乙两地某病的死亡率进行标准化计算时，其标准的选择______. A.不能用甲地的数据 B.不能用乙地的数据 C.不能用甲地和乙地的合并数据 D.可用甲地或乙地的数据 E.以上都不对 【答案】D 12.以下属于数值变量的是______. A.性别 B.病人白细胞计数 C.血型 5, working mechanism, some of the functions of regulatory measures did not form normalization, are engaged in mass, engage in Raiders of the phenomenon, not really so often caught, often grasping; some cross department functions and responsibilities unclear, shuffle disputes over trifles; some departments create atmosphere thick enough, on the facade of the glamorous but internal environment dirty and messy, number of PSAs for non-compliance, and so on. On the existence of these problems, the county at all levels and departments must attach great importance to, to catch catch early small, targeted, take effective measures to solve them, to create the actual results of city let people live better, more harmonious, more civilized. Two, focus, grasp the key to realistically catch fine Chong City tasks According to the urban civilization evaluation requirements and the actual situation of the county. The county deepen civilized city created to firmly grasp the cultivation and practice the socialist core value concept of the fundamental task, adhere to the "to hit the city to promote the work, let a city for the benefit of the people, the fundamental purpose of, fully optimized to promote the construction of" eight "of the larger environment, and constantly improve the quality and extent of urban civilization civilized people, strive to Juxian built into a beautiful environment, good order, quality service, people's satisfaction with the civilized city. D.疗效 E.某病感染人数 【答案】B 13.以下关于样本的说法，不正确的是______. A.样本是从总体中随机抽取的 B.样本来自的总体应该是同质的 C.样本中应有足够的个体数 D.样本来自的总体中不能有变异存在 E.样本含量可以估计 【答案】D 14.以下属于分类变量的是___________. A.IQ得分 B.心率 C.住院天数 D.性别 E.胸围 【答案】D 15.在抽样研究中，当样本例数逐渐增多时_____. A.标准误逐渐加大 B.标准差逐渐加大 C.标准差逐渐减小 D.标准误逐渐减小 E.标准差趋近于0 【答案】D 16.某医院一年内收治202例腰椎间盘后突病人，其年龄的频数分布如下，为了形象表 达该资料，适合选用_____. 年龄(岁):10,20,30,40,50,60, 人 数: 6 40 50 85 20 1 A.线图 B.条图 C.直方图 D.圆图 E.散点图 【答案】C 17.关于构成比，不正确的是_____. A.构成比中某一部分比重的增减相应地会影响其他部分的比重 B.构成比说明某现象发生的强度大小 C.构成比说明某一事物内部各组成部分所占的分布 D.若内部构成不同，可对率进行标准化 E.构成比之和必为100% 【答案】B 18.若分析肺活量和体重之间的数量关系，拟用体重值预测肺活量，则采用_____. A.直线相关分析 B.秩相关分析 5, working mechanism, some of the functions of regulatory measures did not form normalization, are engaged in mass, engage in Raiders of the phenomenon, not really so often caught, often grasping; some cross department functions and responsibilities unclear, shuffle disputes over trifles; some departments create atmosphere thick enough, on the facade of the glamorous but internal environment dirty and messy, number of PSAs for non-compliance, and so on. On the existence of these problems, the county at all levels and departments must attach great importance to, to catch catch early small, targeted, take effective measures to solve them, to create the actual results of city let people live better, more harmonious, more civilized. Two, focus, grasp the key to realistically catch fine Chong City tasks According to the urban civilization evaluation requirements and the actual situation of the county. The county deepen civilized city created to firmly grasp the cultivation and practice the socialist core value concept of the fundamental task, adhere to the "to hit the city to promote the work, let a city for the benefit of the people, the fundamental purpose of, fully optimized to promote the construction of" eight "of the larger environment, and constantly improve the quality and extent of urban civilization civilized people, strive to Juxian built into a beautiful environment, good order, quality service, people's satisfaction with the civilized city. C.直线回归分析 D.方差分析 E.病例对照研究 【答案】C 19.根据下述资料，样本指标提示_____. 甲疗法 乙疗法 病情病人数治愈数治愈率(%) 病人数治愈数治愈率(%) 轻型 40 36 90 60 54 90 重型 60 42 70 40 28 70 合计 100 78 78 100 82 82 A.乙疗法优于甲疗法 B.甲疗法优于乙疗法 C.甲疗法与乙疗法疗效相等 D.此资料甲、乙疗法不能比较 E.以上都不对 【答案】C 20.若算得F药物=7.604，P<0.01;F区组=1.596，P>0.05.按α,0.05水准，则4种药物 的抑瘤效果和5个随机区组的瘤重的推断结论分别为_____. A.药物组间瘤重不同，区组间也不同 B.不能认为药物组间瘤重不同，不能认为区组间不同 C.药物组间瘤重不同，但不能认为区组间不同 D.不能认为药物组间瘤重不同，但区组间不同 E.药物差别较大，不能认为区组间不同 【答案】C 5, working mechanism, some of the functions of regulatory measures did not form normalization, are engaged in mass, engage in Raiders of the phenomenon, not really so often caught, often grasping; some cross department functions and responsibilities unclear, shuffle disputes over trifles; some departments create atmosphere thick enough, on the facade of the glamorous but internal environment dirty and messy, number of PSAs for non-compliance, and so on. On the existence of these problems, the county at all levels and departments must attach great importance to, to catch catch early small, targeted, take effective measures to solve them, to create the actual results of city let people live better, more harmonious, more civilized. Two, focus, grasp the key to realistically catch fine Chong City tasks According to the urban civilization evaluation requirements and the actual situation of the county. The county deepen civilized city created to firmly grasp the cultivation and practice the socialist core value concept of the fundamental task, adhere to the "to hit the city to promote the work, let a city for the benefit of the people, the fundamental purpose of, fully optimized to promote the construction of" eight "of the larger environment, and constantly improve the quality and extent of urban civilization civilized people, strive to Juxian built into a beautiful environment, good order, quality service, people's satisfaction with the civilized city. 卫生统计学试题及答案(二) 1.对两个定量变量同时进行了直线相关和直线回归分析，r有统计学意义(P<0.05)，则_____. A.b无统计学意义 B.b有高度统计学意义 C.b有统计学意义 D.不能肯定b有无统计学意义 E.a有统计学意义 【答案】C 2.关于基于秩次的非参数检验，下列说法错误的是_____. A.符号秩和检验中，差值为零不参加编秩 B.两样本比较的秩和检验方法中的正态近似法为参数检验 C.当符合正态假定时，非参数检验犯II类错误的概率较参数检验大 D.当样本足够大时，秩和分布近似正态 E.秩和检验适用于检验等级资料、可排序资料和分布不明资料的差异 【答案】B 3.随机事件的概率为______. A.P=1 B.P=0 C.P=,0.5 D.0?P?1 E.,0.5 【答案】D 4.两样本均数比较，经t检验得出差别有统计学意义的结论时，P越小，说明______. A.两样本均数差别越大 B.两总体均数差别越大 C.越有理由认为两总体均数不同 D.越有理由认为两样本均数不同 E.越有理由认为两总体均数相同 【答案】C 5.为研究缺氧对正常人心率的影响，有50名志愿者参加试验，分别测得试验前后的心 率， 应用何种统计检验方法来较好地分析此数据_____. A.配对t检验 B.成组t检验 C.成组秩和检验 D.配对秩和检验 E.两组方差齐性检验 【答案】A 6.作符号秩和检验时，记统计量T为较小的秩和，则正确的是_____. A.T值越大P值越小 B.T值越大越有理由拒绝H0 C.P值与T值毫无联系 D.T值越小P值越小 5, working mechanism, some of the functions of regulatory measures did not form normalization, are engaged in mass, engage in Raiders of the phenomenon, not really so often caught, often grasping; some cross department functions and responsibilities unclear, shuffle disputes over trifles; some departments create atmosphere thick enough, on the facade of the glamorous but internal environment dirty and messy, number of PSAs for non-compliance, and so on. On the existence of these problems, the county at all levels and departments must attach great importance to, to catch catch early small, targeted, take effective measures to solve them, to create the actual results of city let people live better, more harmonious, more civilized. Two, focus, grasp the key to realistically catch fine Chong City tasks According to the urban civilization evaluation requirements and the actual situation of the county. The county deepen civilized city created to firmly grasp the cultivation and practice the socialist core value concept of the fundamental task, adhere to the "to hit the city to promote the work, let a city for the benefit of the people, the fundamental purpose of, fully optimized to promote the construction of" eight "of the larger environment, and constantly improve the quality and extent of urban civilization civilized people, strive to Juxian built into a beautiful environment, good order, quality service, people's satisfaction with the civilized city. E.以上都不对 【答案】D 7.方差分析中要求______. A.各个样本均数相等 B.各个总体方差相等 C.各个总体均数相等 D.两样本方差相等 E.两个样本来自同一总体 【答案】B 8.比较非典型肺炎和普通肺炎患者的白细胞计数水平，若，可作单侧检验。 A.已知二组患者的白细胞计数均降低 B.已知二组患者的白细胞计数均升高 C.不清楚哪一组的白细胞计数水平有变化 D.已知非典型肺炎患者的白细胞计数不高于普通肺炎 E.两组白细胞计数值的总体方差不相等 【答案】D 9.计算某地儿童肺炎的发病率，现求得男、女童肺炎发病率分别为21.2%和19.1%，可 认为______. A.男童的肺炎发病率高于女童 B.应进行标准化后再做比较 C.资料不具可比性，不能直接作比 D.应进行假设检验后再下结论 E.以上都不对 【答案】D 10.比较两个率时，不需要进行率的标准化的情况有______. A.内部构成不同 B.内部构成相同 C.未知各年龄别人口数 D.缺乏各年龄别死亡人数 E.不易寻找标准人口构成 【答案】B 11.四格表资料在哪种情况下作χ2检验不必校正______. A.T>1且n>40 B.T>5或n>40 C.T>5且n>40 D.1 E.T>5且n<40 【答案】C 12.欲比较三种药物的疗效(无效、好转、显效、痊愈)孰优孰劣，最好选择______. A.t检验 B.方差分析 C.χ2检验 D.秩和检验 E.u检验 5, working mechanism, some of the functions of regulatory measures did not form normalization, are engaged in mass, engage in Raiders of the phenomenon, not really so often caught, often grasping; some cross department functions and responsibilities unclear, shuffle disputes over trifles; some departments create atmosphere thick enough, on the facade of the glamorous but internal environment dirty and messy, number of PSAs for non-compliance, and so on. On the existence of these problems, the county at all levels and departments must attach great importance to, to catch catch early small, targeted, take effective measures to solve them, to create the actual results of city let people live better, more harmonious, more civilized. Two, focus, grasp the key to realistically catch fine Chong City tasks According to the urban civilization evaluation requirements and the actual situation of the county. The county deepen civilized city created to firmly grasp the cultivation and practice the socialist core value concept of the fundamental task, adhere to the "to hit the city to promote the work, let a city for the benefit of the people, the fundamental purpose of, fully optimized to promote the construction of" eight "of the larger environment, and constantly improve the quality and extent of urban civilization civilized people, strive to Juxian built into a beautiful environment, good order, quality service, people's satisfaction with the civilized city. 【答案】D 13.下面说法中不正确的是_____. A.没有个体差异就不会有抽样误差 B.抽样误差的大小一般用标准误来表示 C.好的抽样设计方法，可避免抽样误差的产生 D.医学统计资料主要来自统计

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、医疗工作记录、专题调查或实验等 E.抽样误差是由抽样造成的样本统计量与总体参数间的差别及样本统计量间的差别 【答案】C 14.实验设计和调查设计的根本区别是_____. A.实验设计以动物为对象 B.调查设计以人为对象 C.调查设计可随机分组 D.实验设计可人为设置处理因素 E.以上都不对 【答案】D 15.在下述抽样调查方法中，在样本量相同的前提下，抽样误差最小的是_____. A.简单随机抽样 B.系统抽样 C.分层抽样 D.整群抽样 E.多阶段整群抽样 【答案】C 16.对两个变量进行直线相关分析，r=0.46，P>0.05，说明两变量之间______. A.有相关关系 B.无任何关系 C.无直线相关关系 D.无因果关系 E.有伴随关系 【答案】C 17.某医师研究丹参预防冠心病的作用，实验组用丹参，对照组无任何处理，这种对照属于______. A.实验对照 B.空白对照 C.相互对照 D.标准对照 E.历史对照 【答案】B 18.在两独立样本比较的秩和检验中，实验组的观察值为0，0，7，14，32，40，对照组的观察值为0，1，2，4，4，8.编秩中零值的秩应分别编为______. A.2，3;1 B.1.5，1.5;3 C.2，2;2 D.2.5，2.5;1 E.不参加编秩 5, working mechanism, some of the functions of regulatory measures did not form normalization, are engaged in mass, engage in Raiders of the phenomenon, not really so often caught, often grasping; some cross department functions and responsibilities unclear, shuffle disputes over trifles; some departments create atmosphere thick enough, on the facade of the glamorous but internal environment dirty and messy, number of PSAs for non-compliance, and so on. On the existence of these problems, the county at all levels and departments must attach great importance to, to catch catch early small, targeted, take effective measures to solve them, to create the actual results of city let people live better, more harmonious, more civilized. Two, focus, grasp the key to realistically catch fine Chong City tasks According to the urban civilization evaluation requirements and the actual situation of the county. The county deepen civilized city created to firmly grasp the cultivation and practice the socialist core value concept of the fundamental task, adhere to the "to hit the city to promote the work, let a city for the benefit of the people, the fundamental purpose of, fully optimized to promote the construction of" eight "of the larger environment, and constantly improve the quality and extent of urban civilization civilized people, strive to Juxian built into a beautiful environment, good order, quality service, people's satisfaction with the civilized city. 【答案】C 19.两样本比较的秩和检验(两组样本例数相等)，如果假设成立，则对样本来说:______. A.两组秩和相等 B.两组秩和的绝对值相等 C.两组秩和相差很大 D.两组秩和相差一般不会很大 E.两组秩和的差值相等 5, working mechanism, some of the functions of regulatory measures did not form normalization, are engaged in mass, engage in Raiders of the phenomenon, not really so often caught, often grasping; some cross department functions and responsibilities unclear, shuffle disputes over trifles; some departments create atmosphere thick enough, on the facade of the glamorous but internal environment dirty and messy, number of PSAs for non-compliance, and so on. On the existence of these problems, the county at all levels and departments must attach great importance to, to catch catch early small, targeted, take effective measures to solve them, to create the actual results of city let people live better, more harmonious, more civilized. Two, focus, grasp the key to realistically catch fine Chong City tasks According to the urban civilization evaluation requirements and the actual situation of the county. The county deepen civilized city created to firmly grasp the cultivation and practice the socialist core value concept of the fundamental task, adhere to the "to hit the city to promote the work, let a city for the benefit of the people, the fundamental purpose of, fully optimized to promote the construction of" eight "of the larger environment, and constantly improve the quality and extent of urban civilization civilized people, strive to Juxian built into a beautiful environment, good order, quality service, people's satisfaction with the civilized city. 医学统计学模拟试题(A) 一、单选题:在 A、B、C、D 和E 中选出一个最佳答案，将答案的字母填在相应下划线的空格里。 (每题 1 分) 1. 卫生统计工作的基本步骤包括 _____。 A 动物实验、临床试验、全面调查和抽样调查 B 资料整理、统计描述、参数估计和统计推断 C 实验设计、资料收集、资料整理和统计分析 D 资料收集、资料核对、资料整理和资料分析 E 统计设计、统计描述、统计估计和统计推断 2. 以下_____不属于定量资料。 A. 体块指数(体重/身高 2) B. 白蛋白与球蛋白比值 C. 细胞突变率(%) D. 中性核细胞百分比(%) E. 中学生中吸烟人数 3. 关于频数表的制作, 以下_____论述是正确的。 A. 频数表的组数越多越好 B. 频数表的下限应该大于最小值 C. 频数表的上限应该小于最大值 D. 一般频数表采用等距分组 E. 频数表的极差是最小值与最大值之和 4. 比较身高与坐高两组单位相同数据变异度的大小，宜采用_____。 A. 变异系数(CV)B(标准差(s)C(方差(s2)D(极差(R)E(四分位间距 5. 从 μ到μ，,.96s 范围外左右两则外正态曲线下的面积是_____ 。 ,(2.5% B(95% C(5.0% D(99% E(52.5% 6. 关于假设检验的以下论述中，错误的是_____。 A. 在已知 A药降血压疗效只会比 B 药好或相等时, 可选单侧检验 B. 检验水准?定得越小, 犯 I型错误的概率越小 C. 检验效能 1-?定得越小, 犯 II型错误的概率越小 D. P 值越小, 越有理由拒绝 H0 E. 在其它条件相同时, 双侧检验的检验效能比单侧检验低 7. 两组数据中的每个变量值减同一常数后，做两个样本均数( )差别的 t 检验，____。 A. t 值不变 ,. t 值变小 ,. t 值变大 D. t 值变小或变大 ,. 不能判断 8. 将 90 名高血压病人随机等分成三组后分别用 A、B 和 C 方法治疗，以服药前后血压的差值为疗效，欲比较三种方法的效果是否相同，正确的是____ 。 A. 作三个样本两两间差值比较的 t 检验 B. 作三个样本差值比较的方差分析 C. 作服药前后配对设计资料的 t 检验方差分析 D. 作配伍组设计资料的方差分析 E. 以上都不对 5, working mechanism, some of the functions of regulatory measures did not form normalization, are engaged in mass, engage in Raiders of the phenomenon, not really so often caught, often grasping; some cross department functions and responsibilities unclear, shuffle disputes over trifles; some departments create atmosphere thick enough, on the facade of the glamorous but internal environment dirty and messy, number of PSAs for non-compliance, and so on. On the existence of these problems, the county at all levels and departments must attach great importance to, to catch catch early small, targeted, take effective measures to solve them, to create the actual results of city let people live better, more harmonious, more civilized. Two, focus, grasp the key to realistically catch fine Chong City tasks According to the urban civilization evaluation requirements and the actual situation of the county. The county deepen civilized city created to firmly grasp the cultivation and practice the socialist core value concept of the fundamental task, adhere to the "to hit the city to promote the work, let a city for the benefit of the people, the fundamental purpose of, fully optimized to promote the construction of" eight "of the larger environment, and constantly improve the quality and extent of urban civilization civilized people, strive to Juxian built into a beautiful environment, good order, quality service, people's satisfaction with the civilized city. 9. 某医师治疗了两例视网膜炎患者，1 例有效，下列哪项说法是错误的:_____。 A. 有效率为 50, ,(最好用绝对数表示 ,(必须用率表示时，应同时给出其可信区间 ,(分母太小，用相对数不可靠 ,(不能得知总体有效率 10. 经调查甲乙两地的冠心病粗死亡率均为 4/105，经统一年龄构成后，甲地标化率为 4.5/105，乙地为 3.8/105。因此可认为 _____ 。 A. 甲地人群平均年龄较乙地大 ,(甲地人群实际冠心病死亡率较乙地高 C(甲地老年人构成较乙地大 D(甲地各年龄别冠心病死亡率都较乙地高 ,(甲地人群冠心病平均死亡风险较乙地高 11(不适宜用 Poisson分布描述的实例是_____。 A(广深高速公路一定时间发生的交通事故数分布 B.每毫升水样品中大肠杆菌数分布 C(放射性物质在单位时间内放射出质点数分布 D(单位空间中某些昆虫数分布 E(一定人群中乙型肝炎病人数分布 12(调查某地居民 1600 人，得蛔虫感染率为 50,，则其总体率的 95,可信区间为 _____。 A(47.55,52.45, B(48.75,51.25, C(45,55, D(49.68,50.32, E(据此资料不可推知 13. 以下不是χ2 检验的用途。 A. 推断两个或两个以上总体率之间有无差别 B. 交叉分类资料两属性间有无相关关系 C. 检验频数分布与理论分布的拟合优度 D. 推断两个或两个以上总体构成比之间有无差别 E. 推断两个或两个以上总体均数之间有无差别 14(在两组样本比较的秩和检验中，实验组的观察值为 0,3,7,14,32，对照组的观察植为,0,2,4,4,8。编秩中零值的秩应分别编为 ______。 A(1; 2,3 B(3; 1.5,1.5 C. 2; 2,2 D. 1; 2.5,2.5 E. 不参加编秩 15. 根据某地 6 至 16 岁学生近视情况的调查资料, 反映患者的年龄分布可用 _____。 A.普通线图 B.半对数线图 C. 直方图 D. 直条图 E.复式直条图 16. 根据样本算得两个变量 X 与 Y 之间的相关系数 r，经 t 检验，P<0.01，可认为_____。 A. X 与 Y 间相关密切 B. B. 总体相关系数ρ=1 C. 总体相关系数ρ,0 D. 总体相关系数ρ?0 E. 总体相关系数ρ>0 17. 对药物半衰期较长的某药作不同剂量疗效的临床试验，以下_____设计不适宜。 A. 配对设计 B. 完全随机设计 C .交叉设计 D. 配伍组设计 E. 以上设计都不合适 18. 现时寿命表的期望寿命_____。 5, working mechanism, some of the functions of regulatory measures did not form normalization, are engaged in mass, engage in Raiders of the phenomenon, not really so often caught, often grasping; some cross department functions and responsibilities unclear, shuffle disputes over trifles; some departments create atmosphere thick enough, on the facade of the glamorous but internal environment dirty and messy, number of PSAs for non-compliance, and so on. On the existence of these problems, the county at all levels and departments must attach great importance to, to catch catch early small, targeted, take effective measures to solve them, to create the actual results of city let people live better, more harmonious, more civilized. Two, focus, grasp the key to realistically catch fine Chong City tasks According to the urban civilization evaluation requirements and the actual situation of the county. The county deepen civilized city created to firmly grasp the cultivation and practice the socialist core value concept of the fundamental task, adhere to the "to hit the city to promote the work, let a city for the benefit of the people, the fundamental purpose of, fully optimized to promote the construction of" eight "of the larger environment, and constantly improve the quality and extent of urban civilization civilized people, strive to Juxian built into a beautiful environment, good order, quality service, people's satisfaction with the civilized city. A. 受人群数量的影响 B. 不能进行不同地区间的比较 C. 受人口年龄别构成的影响 D. 是各年龄别死亡率的综合反映 E. 是死亡年龄的平均数 19. 与实验相比，_______________。 A. 调查中对非研究因素控制更为严格 B. 调查不对研究对象作人为干预 C. 调查结果更为可靠 D. 调查设计要遵循随机和均衡的原则 E. 调查研究的样本可以更小 20. 在某化疗药物治疗肺癌的临床随访研究中, 不属于截尾数据的是_____。 A. 随访对象死于其它疾病 B. 随访对象因在随访期间移民出国 C. 随访对象因严重付作用未能完成治疗 D. 随访对象到研究结束时仍未死亡 E. 随访对象失去联络 二、填空题:在句子中的空格中填上适当的名词或短语。(每题 2 分) 1. 在研究中，研究者对每个观察单位的某项特征进行测量和观察，这种特征称为_____ 。对_____的测得值称为_____。 2. 在建立检验假设是应当注意检验假设是针对__________ 而言，而不是针对__________。 3. 在制统计图时，标题说明资料的

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，位于图的_____，必要时注明______、_______ 。 4. 确定样本含量时应当具备的条件有:(1)建立检验假设, (2)定出__________, (3)提出期望的 __________, (4)必须知道由样本推断总体的一些信息, 如__________ , 还有____________。 5. 极差是全部数据中的__________与__________ 之差，它描述了数据变异的幅度。 三、名词解释:简单解释以下名词。(每题 4 分) 1. II 型错误 2. 非参数检验 3. 正常值范围 4. 组内变异 四、简答题:扼要回答以下问题。(每题 6 分) 1. 简述怎样描述一组计量资料的集中趋势和离散趋势 2. 试述假设检验中 I 型错误与 II 型错误的意义及关系。 3. 试比较完全随机设计和随机区组设计资料的方差分析基本思想。 4. 医院拟研究某新药治疗高血压的疗效，试确定该研究设计中的三要素。 5. 试述死亡概率、生存概率与生存率的关系。 五、论述和计算题(每题 12 分) 1. 某研究调查了山区、丘陵、平原和沿海地区居民饮用水中氟含量与氟骨症患病率如下表，试问1) 5, working mechanism, some of the functions of regulatory measures did not form normalization, are engaged in mass, engage in Raiders of the phenomenon, not really so often caught, often grasping; some cross department functions and responsibilities unclear, shuffle disputes over trifles; some departments create atmosphere thick enough, on the facade of the glamorous but internal environment dirty and messy, number of PSAs for non-compliance, and so on. On the existence of these problems, the county at all levels and departments must attach great importance to, to catch catch early small, targeted, take effective measures to solve them, to create the actual results of city let people live better, more harmonious, more civilized. Two, focus, grasp the key to realistically catch fine Chong City tasks According to the urban civilization evaluation requirements and the actual situation of the county. The county deepen civilized city created to firmly grasp the cultivation and practice the socialist core value concept of the fundamental task, adhere to the "to hit the city to promote the work, let a city for the benefit of the people, the fundamental purpose of, fully optimized to promote the construction of" eight "of the larger environment, and constantly improve the quality and extent of urban civilization civilized people, strive to Juxian built into a beautiful environment, good order, quality service, people's satisfaction with the civilized city. 饮用水中氟含量与氟骨症患病率有无关系,2)有人说，如相关系数的检验结果为 P<0.05， 可认为，饮水中氟含量高是导致氟骨症高发的原因之一，对吗, 氟含量(mg/l) X 0.48 0.64 4.00 1.48 1.60 2.86 3.21 4.71 患病率(%)Y Y 22.37 23.31 25.32 22.29 28.59 35.00 46.07 46.08 2. 在某地卫生服务调查中随机抽样调查了 400 户家庭，他们的平均年医疗费用支出是 947 元，标准差是 291 元。设家庭医疗费用近似正态分布，请估计这些家庭的 95%年医疗费用 支出范围，并估计当地家庭年医疗费用平均支出。 5, working mechanism, some of the functions of regulatory measures did not form normalization, are engaged in mass, engage in Raiders of the phenomenon, not really so often caught, often grasping; some cross department functions and responsibilities unclear, shuffle disputes over trifles; some departments create atmosphere thick enough, on the facade of the glamorous but internal environment dirty and messy, number of PSAs for non-compliance, and so on. On the existence of these problems, the county at all levels and departments must attach great importance to, to catch catch early small, targeted, take effective measures to solve them, to create the actual results of city let people live better, more harmonious, more civilized. Two, focus, grasp the key to realistically catch fine Chong City tasks According to the urban civilization evaluation requirements and the actual situation of the county. The county deepen civilized city created to firmly grasp the cultivation and practice the socialist core value concept of the fundamental task, adhere to the "to hit the city to promote the work, let a city for the benefit of the people, the fundamental purpose of, fully optimized to promote the construction of" eight "of the larger environment, and constantly improve the quality and extent of urban civilization civilized people, strive to Juxian built into a beautiful environment, good order, quality service, people's satisfaction with the civilized city. 医学统计学模拟试题(B) 一、单选题:在 A,B,C,D,E 中选一个最佳答案, 将答案字母填在下划线里(每题 1 分) 1. 在医学统计学中样本与总体的关系是__________。 A 样本是总体中有代表性的一部分 B 样本是总体中最有特点的一部分 C 样本是总体中典型的一部分 D 样本是总体中有意义的一部分 E 样本是总体中精心挑选出来的一部分 2. 以下关于概率的定义中，__________是错误的。 A. 当概率小于 0.05, 则为不可能事件 B. 当概率等于 1, 则为必然事件 C. 当概率在 0 至 1 之间时, 为随机事件 D. 当重复实验次数足够大时, 事件发生频率接近概率 E. 当概率等于零, 则为非随机事件 3. 频数表不能__________。 A. 反映频数分布的特征 B. 方便进一步统计分析计算 C. 便于发现异常值 D. 精确估计算术均数的值 E. 用于分类资料 4. 在描述定量资料的集中趋势时, 以下论述中错误的是__________。 A. 均数适宜于对称分布资料 B. 几何均数和中位数都适宜于正偏倚分布 C. 同一正偏倚分布资料, 估计的均数值小于中位数值 D. 对称分布资料的均数值等于中位数值 E. 几何均数特别适宜于细菌学和免疫学检测指标的描述 5. 用大量来自同一总体的独立样本对总体参数作估计时，关于 95%可信区间(CI)，正确的说法是__________。 A. 大约有 95%样本的 95%CI覆盖了总体参数 B. 对于每一个 95%CI而言，总体参数约有 95%的可能落在其内 C. 各个样本的 95%CI是相同的 D. 对于每一个 95%CI而言，有 95%的可能性覆盖总体参数 E. 以上说法都不对 6. 在假设检验中，关于 P 值与?值，下列说法不正确的是__________。 A. ?α值是决策者事先确定的一个可以忽略的、小的概率值 B. P 值是在 H0 成立的条件下，出现当前值以及更极端状况的概率 C. ?α值并不一定要取 0.05, 根据实际需要甚至可以取到 0.15 D. 在同一次假设检验中，作单侧检验时所得 P 值比作双侧检验时所得 P 值小 E. ?α值越小，所得结论越可靠 7. 当组数等于 2 时，对于同一资料，方差分析与 t 检验的关系是____ 。 A(完全等价且 F=t ,(方差分析结果更准确 ,(t 检验结果更准确 ,(完全等价且 t, ,(以上都不对 8. 下列关于方差分析的陈述中正确的是____。 A. 方差分析用于比较各组的总体方差是否相等 5, working mechanism, some of the functions of regulatory measures did not form normalization, are engaged in mass, engage in Raiders of the phenomenon, not really so often caught, often grasping; some cross department functions and responsibilities unclear, shuffle disputes over trifles; some departments create atmosphere thick enough, on the facade of the glamorous but internal environment dirty and messy, number of PSAs for non-compliance, and so on. On the existence of these problems, the county at all levels and departments must attach great importance to, to catch catch early small, targeted, take effective measures to solve them, to create the actual results of city let people live better, more harmonious, more civilized. Two, focus, grasp the key to realistically catch fine Chong City tasks According to the urban civilization evaluation requirements and the actual situation of the county. The county deepen civilized city created to firmly grasp the cultivation and practice the socialist core value concept of the fundamental task, adhere to the "to hit the city to promote the work, let a city for the benefit of the people, the fundamental purpose of, fully optimized to promote the construction of" eight "of the larger environment, and constantly improve the quality and extent of urban civilization civilized people, strive to Juxian built into a beautiful environment, good order, quality service, people's satisfaction with the civilized city. B. 方差分析结果有统计学意义表明各样本均数来自同一总体 C. 方差分析中判断 F 值相对应的 P 值时需查双侧界值表 D. 方差分析得到的 F 值越大, 表明总体均数差别越大 E. 方差分析得到的 F 值越小, 越没有理由怀疑 H0 成立 9. 调查某疫苗在儿童中接种后的预防效果，在某地全部 1000 名易感儿童中进行接种，经一定时间后从中随机抽取 300名儿童做效果测定，得阳性人数228 名。若要研究该疫苗在该地儿童中的接种效果，则________。 A. 该研究的样本是 1000 名易感儿童 B. 该研究的样本是 228 名阳性儿童 C. 该研究的总体是 300 名易感儿童 D. 该研究的总体是 1000 名易感儿童 E. 该研究的总体是 228 名阳性儿童 10. Poisson分布独有的特征是______。 A. 离散型分布 B. 参数是总体均数 C. 方差等于均数 D. 当样本较小时是偏倚分布 E. 当样本足够大时近似正态 11(在比较两个率时，进行标准化的目的是______。 A(使两个率之间的差异减小 B. 使两个率更能代表二人群的实际水平 C. 使两个率更能代表二人群的相对水平 D. 任两个率进行比较都必须先进行标准化 E. 代替假设检验发现两个率之间的差别 12. 用 A法和 B 法分别检测 100名确诊的癌症病人，A法的阳性率为 pA，B 法的阳性率为 pB。检验两种方法阳性率差异的方法应采用______。 A. 检验两样本率是否相等的 u检验 B. 检验两总体率是否相等的 u检验 C. 检验两样本率是否相等的χ2 检验 D. 检验两总体率是否相等的χ2 检验 E. 两非独立样本的总体率是否相等的χ2 检验 13(两独立样本比较的秩和检验结果判定为______。 A.T越大，P 越大 ,(T越大, P 越小 ,. T值在界值范围内, P 小于相应的? ,(T值在界值范围内，P 大于相应的? ,(以上都不对 14. 关于基于秩次的非参数检验, 下列说法错误的是______。 A. 符号秩和检验中, 差值为零不参加编秩 B. 随机区组设计资料的秩和检验中, 各组混合编秩 C. 当符合正态假定时, 非参数检验犯 II类错误的概率较参数检验大 D. 当样本足够大时, 秩和分布近似正态 E. 秩和检验适用于检验等级资料、可排序资料和分布不明资料的差异 15. 为比较某地两年几种疾病的患病率, 可采用______。 A. 直方图 B.复式直条图 C. 线图 D. 构成比直条图 D.圆图 16. 回归分析是研究______。 A. 两变量 X, Y 变化的关联性 B. 两变量 X, Y 变化的方向性 C. 因变量依赖自变量变化的数量关系 D. 两变量变化的紧密程度 5, working mechanism, some of the functions of regulatory measures did not form normalization, are engaged in mass, engage in Raiders of the phenomenon, not really so often caught, often grasping; some cross department functions and responsibilities unclear, shuffle disputes over trifles; some departments create atmosphere thick enough, on the facade of the glamorous but internal environment dirty and messy, number of PSAs for non-compliance, and so on. On the existence of these problems, the county at all levels and departments must attach great importance to, to catch catch early small, targeted, take effective measures to solve them, to create the actual results of city let people live better, more harmonious, more civilized. Two, focus, grasp the key to realistically catch fine Chong City tasks According to the urban civilization evaluation requirements and the actual situation of the county. The county deepen civilized city created to firmly grasp the cultivation and practice the socialist core value concept of the fundamental task, adhere to the "to hit the city to promote the work, let a city for the benefit of the people, the fundamental purpose of, fully optimized to promote the construction of" eight "of the larger environment, and constantly improve the quality and extent of urban civilization civilized people, strive to Juxian built into a beautiful environment, good order, quality service, people's satisfaction with the civilized city. E. 一个变量对另一个变量的相关比例 17. 为减少测量顺序对比较新药与常规药治疗结果的影响, 作统计设计时最好应采用以下哪项措施______。 A. 设对照组 B. 随机化安排 C. 增加实验次数 D. 盲法 E. 以上都不行 18. 关于寿命表, 以下正确的陈述是______。 A. 现时寿命表资料来自对特定人群某时点的调查 B. 定群寿命表资料来自对特定人群某时点的调查 C. 期望寿命又称平均寿命, 指所有调查对象死亡时年龄的平均值 D. 随访某特定人群的死亡情况所得资料可做现时寿命表分析 E. 因期望寿命受人群年龄构成的影响, 不能直接比较不同地区的期望寿命 19. 关于随机抽样, 以下论述中正确的是______。 A. 单纯随机抽样适合大规模的抽样调查 B. 当学生学号按入学成绩编排时, 评价学生成绩的抽样调查可采用系统抽样 C. 整群抽样的优点是抽样误差较小 D. 分层抽样可以通过分层控制非研究因素对调查结果的影响 E. 在一次抽样调查中只能采用一种抽样方法 20. 以下指标中, ______的分母不是用平均人口数。 A.死因别死亡率 B.粗死亡率 C.某疾病发病率 D.婴儿死亡率 E.以上都不是 二、填空题:在句子中的空格中填上适当的名词或短语。(每题 2 分) 1. 设计是整个研究中的____________一环，也是今后工作应遵循的依据。 2. 由于寿命表是根据年龄组死亡率计算出来的，因此，寿命表中各项指标不受人口______ ______的影响，不同人群的寿命表指标具有良好的可比性。 3. 当研究者不知道总体参数时, 从总体随机抽取一定数量的观察单位作为______ 进行________。 通过样本指标来说明总体特征，这种由样本获取有关总体信息的过程称______ 。 4. 在完全随机设计资料的方差分析中，总变异可以分解为_________和________两个部分，相应的总自由度也可分解为________ 和________ 。 5. 在相关回归分析中，对同一组数据若同时计算 r 与 b，它们的________是一致的，并且________ 等价。 三、名词解释:简单解释以下名词。(每题 4 分) 1. 检验效能 2. 参数检验 3. 可信区间 4. 组间变异 5, working mechanism, some of the functions of regulatory measures did not form normalization, are engaged in mass, engage in Raiders of the phenomenon, not really so often caught, often grasping; some cross department functions and responsibilities unclear, shuffle disputes over trifles; some departments create atmosphere thick enough, on the facade of the glamorous but internal environment dirty and messy, number of PSAs for non-compliance, and so on. On the existence of these problems, the county at all levels and departments must attach great importance to, to catch catch early small, targeted, take effective measures to solve them, to create the actual results of city let people live better, more harmonious, more civilized. Two, focus, grasp the key to realistically catch fine Chong City tasks According to the urban civilization evaluation requirements and the actual situation of the county. The county deepen civilized city created to firmly grasp the cultivation and practice the socialist core value concept of the fundamental task, adhere to the "to hit the city to promote the work, let a city for the benefit of the people, the fundamental purpose of, fully optimized to promote the construction of" eight "of the larger environment, and constantly improve the quality and extent of urban civilization civilized people, strive to Juxian built into a beautiful environment, good order, quality service, people's satisfaction with the civilized city. 四、简答题:扼要回答以下问题。(每题 6 分) 1. 试比较标准差和标准误的关系与意义。 2. 请简述对两总体均数作独立样本假设检验可以采用的统计方法及适用条件。 3. 简述非参数检验的应用条件和优缺点。 4. 简述二项分布、Poisson 分布、正态分布三者的关系。 5. 试述直线相关与直线回归的区别与联系。 五、论述和计算题(每题 12 分) 1.某医生欲比较三种镇咳药的疗效, 分析三种镇咳药延迟咳嗽的时间。结果经方差分析得下表，2. 请补充并完成方差分析，3. 解释结果。 表 三种镇咳药延迟咳嗽时间的方差分析表 变异来源 SS ?ν MS F P 组间变异 4994.167 组内变异 总变异 31810.000 39 2. 测得老年性慢性支气管炎病人与健康人的尿中 17 酮类固醇排出量见下表, 比较两组均数差异是否有统计学意义并解释结果。 表 老年慢支病人与健康人尿中 17 酮类固醇排出量(mg/24h) 病人组 2.90 5.41 5.48 4.60 4.03 5.10 5.92 4.97 4.24 4.36 2.72 2.37 2.09 7.10 健康组 5.18 8.49 3.14 6.46 3.72 6.64 4.01 5.60 4.57 7.71 4.99 【答案】D 20.在简单线性回归分析中，得到回归系数为-0.30，经检验有统计学意义，说明______. A.X对Y的影响占Y变异的30% B.X增加一个单位，Y平均减少30% C.X增加一个单位，Y平均减少0.30个单位 D.Y增加一个单位，X平均减少30% E.Y增加一个单位，X平均减少0.30个单位 【答案】C 5, working mechanism, some of the functions of regulatory measures did not form normalization, are engaged in mass, engage in Raiders of the phenomenon, not really so often caught, often grasping; some cross department functions and responsibilities unclear, shuffle disputes over trifles; some departments create atmosphere thick enough, on the facade of the glamorous but internal environment dirty and messy, number of PSAs for non-compliance, and so on. On the existence of these problems, the county at all levels and departments must attach great importance to, to catch catch early small, targeted, take effective measures to solve them, to create the actual results of city let people live better, more harmonious, more civilized. Two, focus, grasp the key to realistically catch fine Chong City tasks According to the urban civilization evaluation requirements and the actual situation of the county. The county deepen civilized city created to firmly grasp the cultivation and practice the socialist core value concept of the fundamental task, adhere to the "to hit the city to promote the work, let a city for the benefit of the people, the fundamental purpose of, fully optimized to promote the construction of" eight "of the larger environment, and constantly improve the quality and extent of urban civilization civilized people, strive to Juxian built into a beautiful environment, good order, quality service, people's satisfaction with the civilized city.