历届诺贝尔化学奖得主及其成就（The winners and achievements of successive Nobel prize winners in Chemistry）

历届诺贝尔化学奖得主及其成就（The winners and achievements of successive Nobel prize winners in Chemistry） 历届诺贝尔化学奖得主及其成就(The winners and achievements of successive Nobel prize winners in Chemistry) The winners and achievements of successive Nobel prize winners in Chemistry Successive winners of the Nobel prize in chemistry and their achievements (1960 - 2008) (2009-04-03 11:30:05) In 1960, W.F. Libby (American) invented the radiocarbon dating method" In 1961, M. Calvin (American) revealed the mechanism of plant photosynthesis 1962 M.F. Perutz (British), J.C. for determination of the fine structure of protein In 1963 K. Ziegler (German), G. (Italy) found Natta polymerization method using the new catalyst, and engaged in basic research in this area 1964 D.M.C. (British) Hodgkin's space structure using X ray diffraction technique for determination of crystal and molecular complex The contribution of R.B. Woodward (American) to organic synthesis in 1965 In 1966, R.S. Mulliken (American) established the molecular orbital theory of chemical structure by quantum mechanics, and elucidated the covalent bond nature and electronic structure of molecules In 1967 R.G.W. G. (British Norrish, Potter), M. (German) Egan invented rapid determination of chemical reaction technology Basic research on thermodynamics of irreversible processes by L. Weng (American) in 1968 In 1969, O. Hassel (Norwegian), D.H.R. Barton (British), contributed to the development of Stereochemistry 1970 L.F. (Argentina) leelo Doyle in the discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates. A study of the electronic structure and geometry of free radicals in G. Hertz Berg (Canada) in 1971 In 1972, C.B. Anfinsen (American) determined the molecular amino acid sequence of ribonucleotide Study on the activity location of S. Moore and W.H. Stein (American) In 1973, E.O. Fischer (German), G. Wilkinson (British), engaged in the study of organometallic compounds with multilayer structure 1974 P.J. (American) based on Flory theory, two aspects of experiment in polymer chemistry 1975 J.W. (Australian) Kang aberforth, stereochemistry of enzyme catalysis reaction V. Prelog (Swiss) stereochemistry of organic molecules and in organic reactions In 1976, W.N. Lipscomb (American) engaged in the study of the structure of borane I. 1977 Prigogine (Belgium) focuses on the non equilibrium thermodynamics, put forward the "Dissipative Structure" theory In 1978, P.D. Mitchell (British) engaged in the study of energy conversion on biofilms 1979 H.C. Brown (American), Wittig G. (German) developed a new method of organic synthesis In 1980, P. Berg (American) engaged in biochemical studies of nucleic acids W. Gilbert (American), F. (British) Sanger identified nucleic acid base sequence In 1981, Fukui Chi (Japanese), R. Hoffman (American) was engaged in the chemical reaction process research 1982 A. Keluge (British) electron diffraction crystallography development, research and engaged in the three-dimensional structure of a protein complex of nucleic acid In 1983, H. Tao (American) elucidated the mechanism of the electronic reactions of metal coordination compounds In 1984, R.B. Merrifield (American) developed a very simple peptide synthesis method In 1985, J. Carle, H.A. Hauptmann (American) developed a direct calculation method for determining the crystal structure of materials by means of X ray diffraction In 1986, D.R. Hexibaqi, Li Yuanzhe (American born Chinese), J.C (Canada), Polya. Study on chemical reaction system in dynamic surface movement process In 1987, C.J. Pedersen, D.J. J.M. (American), Ryan Krum (French) synthesis of crown ethers In 1988, J. Dyson Hofer, R. Huber, H. Michel (German) analysis of the three-dimensional structure of the photosynthetic reaction center In 1989, S. Altman, T.R. Cech (American) discovered that RNA itself has the catalytic function of enzymes In 1990, E.J. Cory (American) created a unique organic synthesis theory - inverse synthetic analysis theory In 1991, R.R. Ernst (Switzerland) invented the Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance technology 1992 R.A. Marcus (American) contributed to the theory of electron transfer reactions in solution 1993 K.B. muhlis (American) invented the polymerase chain reaction method M. Smith (Canadian) initiated oligonucleotide site directed mutagenesis In 1994, G.A. Euler (American) made outstanding contributions in the field of hydrocarbon and Hydrocarbon Research In 1995, P. M., Molina Crutzen (German), F.S. Rowland (American) describes the chemical mechanism of influence on the thickness of the ozone layer, that man-made chemicals constitute damage to the ozone layer In 1996 R.F. Karl (American), H.W. grams of roto (British), by Smalley R.E. (American) discovered a new form of carbon - paper ball (also called buckyballs) C60 In 1997, P.B. Boyer (American), J.E. Volcker (British), J.C. Nova discovered the ion transport enzyme responsible for storing and transferring energy in human cells In 1998, W. Cohen (Austrian) put forward density function theory J. Pope (British) proposed quantum chemistry methods 1999 A. Zewail (Egyptian American) using laser flash of chemical reaction In 2000, American Alan Haig and Alan Mike, Deere Mead and Shirakawa Hideki of Japan commended them for the discovery of conductive plastics and the development of polymers with conductive properties In 2001, William Knowles, Barry, SHARP rice, and Noyo Ryoji of Japan recognized their contributions to better control of chemical reactions. This paved the way for inventing drugs to treat heart disease and Parkinson's disease In 2002 American John? Fenn, Japan's Tanaka Koichi, Kurt of Switzerland? Victor Krishna they invented the method, for confirmation and analysis of biological macromolecules American Peter and Roderick Mackinnon in 2003 honored their groundbreaking contributions to the cell membrane pathway 2004 Israeli scientists Aaron - Nova, Flam - Hersh C, Xi cha el - Ross temperature and American scientists after years of research, found a way to control and regulate a number of human cell number of human proteins. They found that human cells, by labeling the useless proteins, help the body to treat the labeled proteins as "waste", so that they break and die automatically 2005 of the three winners are from the French Petroleum Institute Yves Chauvin? (born 1930), Robert of the California Institute of Technology? Grubb (born 1942) and Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Richard Schrock (born 1945)?. The reason for the award is the contribution of the olefin metathesis reaction in organic chemistry. In 2006, American scientist Roger Kornberg won the prize for his contribution to the research of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription. In 2007, German scientist Gerhard Ertl won the pioneering work in the field of surface chemistry research. In 2008, Japanese scientists Shimomura, American scientist Martin? Charfe and Chinese American scientist Qian Yongjian won the Nobel prize in chemistry. The three scientists won the prize for finding and researching the green fluorescent protein. They will share the Nobel prize in Chemistry for 10 million kronor, or about 1 million 400 thousand dollars.