英语本科毕业论文-论雪莱的自由之路

英语本科毕业-论雪莱的自由之路 本科毕业论文 论雪莱的自由之路 学生姓名: 学生学号: 200320207005 院(系): 外国语学院 年级专业: 2003级英语本科3班 指导教师: 二〇〇七年五月 Analysis of Shelley's Freedom Road Hu Ping Under the Supervision of Ma Dong School of Foreign Languages and Cultures Panzhihua University May 2007 攀枝花学院毕业论文 Contents Contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................... I Key Words ................................................................................................................ I 摘要 ........................................................................................................................ ? 关键词 ..................................................................................................................... ? Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 I. Historical Context ................................................................................................. 2 II. The Life of the Rebellious Poet ............................................................................ 3 A. Field Place ..................................................................................................... 3 B. Punishment to the Antitheist .......................................................................... 3 C. The Marriage in Scotland ............................................................................... 4 D. The Christ of Ireland ...................................................................................... 4 E. The Regeneration of the Goddess ................................................................... 5 F. The Angel of the Poor People .......................................................................... 5 G. The Bright Spring in Rome ............................................................................. 6 H. The Last Storm .............................................................................................. 6 III. The Analysis of Some of His Master Pieces ........................................................ 7 A. The Real Beginning of His Writing---Queen Mab .......................................... 7 B. The Philosophical Poem of the Revolutionary Struggle ---The Revolt of Islam ............................................................................ 8 C. The Glorious Carol---Prometheus Unbound ................................................... 9 D. The Master Piece of Realism---The Cenci .................................................... 10 E. The Genius Prophet---Ode to West Wind ....................................................... 11 Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 12 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................ 13 Note ....................................................................................................................... 14 Bibliorgraphy ......................................................................................................... 15 1 攀枝花学院毕业论文 Abstract Abstract The European Revolution broke out in 1848. There were impoverished people who strived for the freedom everywhere. Shelley is rebellious when he is a child. He pursues the individual freedom, the freedom of thought which is the common goal of people in his era. He merges the two into a whole. For this reason, he has endured the pains that the ordinary people could not have beared. At first, the thesis introduces the social context, the living condition, and his characters. It introduces his living conditions from Field Place, the place where he was born, to Ireland, to Italy, and to Rome. These are the places he visited, and also are the road of the development of his mind. And then the thesis gives analysis to some of his master pieces such as: Queen Mab written in 1813 which shows the path of his mental development, and symbolizes the beginning of Shelley’s writing. As for his later works, The Revolt of Islam and The Cenci and Prometheus Unbound, they demonstrate that he tries to give an answer for the muttons by means of poem. He thinks the nature can give him inspiration. During his lifetime, he writes many poems about the nature, for example: To Skylark, Ode to West Wind, etc. In the end, it comes to the conclusion that no matter what difficulty Shelley faces, he does not give up easily. He holds to his convictions in his entire lifetime and never changes. Key Words freedom; progress; poetry I 攀枝花学院毕业论文 摘要 摘 要 在1848年，欧洲革命四起，到处是贫困的人民，到处都是争取自由的斗争(雪莱从小就富于反抗精神(他本人追求人身的自由，思想的自由(而时代的目标也是追求人类的自由(他将两者融为一体(为此，他忍受了常人没有有过的痛苦，过着漂泊的一生( 在论文中,首先介绍的是引起雪莱心理变化发展的因素(从当时的社会环境，他自身的生活环境，以及他的个性性格进行分析，然后通过分析他的代诗作去分析他的思想(具体从心理学的角度去分析作品中隐含的中心思想，以及同一时期作者本身的经历对作品创作本身的影响(主要介绍了生活背景,以时间为顺序,从菲尔德庄园,到爱尔兰,到意大利,再到罗马.这是他所走过的路,同时也是他的心里发展的一个过程.然后,我选择了他的一些代表作来进行分析.写于1813年的《麦布女王》是诗人写作生涯的真正开始.《伊斯兰的起义》、《钦起》、《解放了的普罗米修斯》,这三部作品都表明了诗人极力以诗歌的形式来对当前的问题做出回答.同时,作者本身还很热爱大自然.他认为自然可以给他灵感.诗人同样也 :《致云雀》.在论文里,我介绍了他的另一篇代表作《西风作了很多关于自然的诗歌,比如 颂》.最后,得出结论:不论遇到什么样的困难,雪莱都不轻易放弃.一生坚持他自己的信念一直没有改变过. 关键词 自由;历程;诗歌 II 攀枝花学院毕业论文 Introduction Introduction Life is precious and love is merely valuable, yet for the sake of freedom both can be sacrificed. — Petofi Percy Bysshe Shelley was born on August 4, 1792, at Field Place, near Horsham in Sussex, into an aristocratic family. Shelley, as a poet, is appraised in Great Britain Encyclopedia like this," at a great poetry's age, he writes the greatest love poetry, the greatest tragedy, the greatest lyric poetry, the greatest elegy poetry, and much other incomparable poetry." Shelley writes many poems in all his life. He put his eyes on the glorious future through the political darkness and his own bitter. He aims at building a perfect world that everybody could enjoy the freedom and the happiness. After his death, his wife, Mary, publishes many of his poems. At last, Shelley becomes "the heart of hearts"(the epitaph to Shelley). Because what he knows and feels just is the inner feeling of the inner heart. Guo Moruo speaks very highly of Shelley," He is the child of nature, the Atheism's disciple, the pioneer of revolutionary idea. His poetry is his life, and his life is a wonderful poem. The poem which is not written whole heartedly is not really a poem." 1 攀枝花学院毕业论文 Historical Context I. Historical Context Leontief, has said," the analysis of an individual’s mental process mostly depends on the individual’s livelihood in the social condition and paeticular condition." In England, the Industrial Revolution changes the society thoroughly (at the beginning of 19 century). The society is divided into two parts. One group is the nobility, the capitalist and the riches. The other group is the poor proletariat. But the proletariat is very weak. The nobility holds the power in their hands. Under the control of the reactionary forces, the Labor Movement does not stop. So there comes into being the England romantic literature. The England romantic literature first originates in the poetry field, and the representatives all are poets. Because of advocating natural world, and stressing emotion, and perusing ideal, the new trying and satisfying get an unprecedented broad free space. As well as there are more talent poets, under their great efforts, the language art get into a brand new developing stage. Especially the lyric poem, it gets into the unprecedented mature state. These romantic poets guide the England poetry to the stage of the heights of the world literature. But the highest achievement of lyric poems is made by Shelley. He is acknowledged as one of the few best lyric poets. Even his philosophic poem, narrative poem, and his prose also are filled with strong emotion. Shelley is one of the learned persons (on 19th century). He is born with a silver spoon in his mouth, but shows compassion for the poor people when he is a child. He engaged in the political and social activity enthusiasm but failed. After that, he is forced to move to Italy, and then, becomes a professional writer. During the time of staying in Italy, he also pays close attention to the political struggle and social condition in England and some European countries. 2 攀枝花学院毕业论文 The Analysis of Some of His Master Pieces II. The Life of the Rebellious Poet In the normal conditions, the main inmpetus in producing literary works comes from the areas outside the literature. The most important creation mood is the social mood. The social mood is caused by the social life, and the social condition. A. Field Place Percy Bysshe Shelley is born into a rich family. His father is a rather conservative member of parliament, and fears the new idea like fearing fire. His mother is the famous beauty in Sussex. Shelley, like his mother, is handsome, gentle and elegant. But his mother thinks that the ideal man shall be strong and elegant. So his mother dislikes him. In his childhood, he always feels constrained, bounded, depressed and alone. In front of his house, there are the large square, and garden, and big forest. When spring comes, in the shade of the green, the house is so beautiful. And Shelley spends his childhood here. The elegant nature edifies the poet. But the critical family rule leaves him with a feeling of deep hurt. B. Punishment to the Antitheist He goes to Oxford University where he and a close friend write a pamphlet named the Necessity of Atheism (in 1810). Every time he returns to Field Place, there will be full of happiness. But before he writes the pamphlet, he has written to his sister to publicize the Atheism idea, his mother does not allow her daughters to contact with him any more. And Harriet also is engaged herself to another gentleman. The sudden changes make him suffer great strike in spirit. So when he returns to university, he writes the pamphlet. After the publication of the pamphlet, he and his friend are expelled. His father also breaks off all the economy supplies. This is another great blow to him. But for 3 攀枝花学院毕业论文 The Analysis of Some of His Master Pieces the great ideas, he does not lower his head to his father. For defending individual dignity and freedom of belief, he pays enormous price. Deprived economy is a intense cruelly oppression that he can not control, and it makes him dreadful and despaired. C. The Marriage in Scotland For defending individual dignity and freedom of belief, he pays enormous price. So Shelley goes to London and then fall in love with a young girl, Harriet Westbrook. The girl is attracted by Shelley's revolutionary ideas and doctrines. Shelley considers Harriet as the incarnation of the Goddess. Harriet also just pays more attention to his family and his money. To help the unlucky girl, he decides to elope with Harriet. They go to Edinburgh and get a runway marriage. Shelley's marriage shows his treasonous inspiration, and his distinct individuality. He maintains his dignity at any cost. D. The Christ of Ireland They go to Kaxic, the capital of Kenbelan, where the mountains, the rivers and the clouds give Shelley unforgettable impression (in 1811). However he pays more attention to the people's poor life. He goes to Ireland where he encourages the people to stand up for their rights (in 1812). The pair spends the following two years distributing pamphlets and speaking against political injustice. There are tribulations everywhere in England. But under the control of the England government, the Irish people have more and more poor life. To realize the socialism, he goes to Duberlin where he finds that the people there are poorer than the people in Ireland. In the letter he has written to Godwin," the poor people in Duberlin are the poorest people. There are hundreds of thousands of people in a small alley. I felt that I must lesson those people who have trampled on the poor people and lead them to the worst condition more than death." So he publishes address to the Irish people, and expresses the eroticization to the capitalists, and shows his famous view about the condition and calls up their minds of striving for independence. He publishes the Bill of Rights. The poem shows 4 攀枝花学院毕业论文 The Analysis of Some of His Master Pieces the Irish could get their freedom and independence by non-violent means. But he also realizes that his struggle can not have any effects. He has a genius foresight, and realizes the unavoidability of the failure, and the coming victory. E. The Regeneration of the Goddess The pair goes to Duberlin (in 1813). Harriet has a daughter, and then Harriet have a big change. She pays no attention to the family, revels in enjoyment. Shelley always has a simple life. Because of the difference in life-style and aspiration, the barrier between them increases bigger. Shelley is very dejected. He finally realizes that his wife is not his real Goddess. He meets Mary (one day on July in 1813). He finds the perfect embodiment of the hero's spirit, and the woman's tenderness from Marry, and thinks Mary as the ideal woman. Mary knows Shelley's unlucky family from his words, and she also tells Shelley her inner pang. He thinks that Mary is the real incarnation of the Goddess. He wants to stay with Mary. He also knows that Harriet have abandoned him. So he determines to tell Harriet his mind has been caught with Marry, and has no way to shake off Mary’s charm. Shelley often is sanguine. He tramples on the traditional rules and laws. But he has suffered great pains in his mind. It just is the true embodiment that the social pressure presses a kindhearted but wounded soul. He tramples on the ruling class's marriage rule again, and decides to abscond with Mary. F. The Angel of Poor People Shelley gets marriage with Mary. After that, they want to have a real and lasting family. They buy a house in Mara town?. The town is very small. After living for a certain time, all the people know the handsome man just is "evil person" Shelley who has been banished to deprive of bringing up the children. People pay more attention to the little girl, Alalie?. She has no father. The upper class wants to beat him to death, so they frame that the little 5 攀枝花学院毕业论文 The Analysis of Some of His Master Pieces girl is Shelley's daughter. Mary has said the little girl is the child of her friend. But people find that Claire have special feeling to Alalie. But Shelley also becomes the town's Angel. Because of the Napoleonic Wars, the market is depressed, and the price have soared, and the salary have lowered, and the number of unemployment have increased in England, people always organize protests and strike to revolt. However the government suppresses their resistance by all means. Shelley helps the poor people in his power. For example, he walks on the road and meets an old woman without any shoes, and gives her his own shoes, and then goes home. And these things change the people's view to him. So as to forty years later, the Mara people say that everywhere that Shelley have been is holy. G. The Bright Spring in Rome Shelley leaves to Italy with Mary and Claire and the children (in 1813). Italy is the hometown of the traditional Rome literature. There he exerts his ability of writing. But the Claire's death breaks the peace. For beguiling his sorrow, they decide to go to Rome (in 1819). The sun shines and it is very warm and suitable in spring in Rome. He feels the power of life and the desire of writing. His only son Williams die (on June in 1819). The unlucky event takes out their happiness and peace. It is lucky that Mary have had another baby. For taking care of Mary, they decide to go to Florence. For the pairs who love the Rome literature and natural beauty, the Florence itself is the best doctor, and also is the hometown of Dante whom is worshipped by Shelley. They feel comfortable living here. Mary have a boy named Percy Florence to commemorate the city that give them happiness and new hopes (on November in 1819). H. The Last Storm Shelley suffers many prosecutions in his life. So he pays no more attention to the other things except his friends. He always indulges in reveries about the future, so as to forget who exists. He 6 攀枝花学院毕业论文 The Analysis of Some of His Master Pieces sees many ugly events in life, and only gets the beauty from nature and his friends to ease his heart. To welcome his friend Leigh Hunt, he sails to Leghorn. During the stormy return voyage to Lerici, his small schooner the Ariel sink and Shelley drown with Edward Williams on July 8, 1822. III. The Analysis of Some of His Master Pieces Just like his life, his poems also have strong revolutionary temperament. In his works, he reseals the reality's evil, and longs for the future and explores the way of the revolution. So he suffers the ruling class's unfair treatment, even persecution. But they can not block the spirit of fight. A. The Real Beginning of His Writing---Queen Mab The English government pays attention to Shelley because of what he does in Ireland. So he goes to London (on October, 1812), and stays here for only one month. But it is an important beginning for his mind, his writing and his life. One day, he visits Godwin with Harriet. And then, the two families make a friendship. Shelley visits the Godwin’s every night, and they talk about philosophy, and literature. Each time, Fane? and Jane? are so happy, and listen to Shelley all the night. Shelley talks his new idea and his illustration. The two girls admire his pretty, and his literacy, and adore his idea. But they later find that what Harriet does is merely a copy of what Shelley has done. After the pairs leave, the two girls always feel pity for Shelley. They think that Harriet is not suitable for Shelley. In this family, Shelley feels the real heart's harmony. He wrote his first long philosophical poem---Queen Mab (in 1813). It just is the beginning of his writing. In the poem, Shelley summarizes his formerly idea, and shows his present political view, and philosophical view. Queen Mab has been written in form of illustration. It narrates that a girl named 7 攀枝花学院毕业论文 The Analysis of Some of His Master Pieces Aianti sleep, and her soul is brought into another world by the legendary magician--Queen Mab. The magician let her see the human's yesterday, today and tomorrow in the broad universe. The poet accuses the ruling class's evil through the phenomena which have been seen by Aianti. But today is the capitalist's world. All the things can be acute. They make a large fortune while producing poverty, famine and disaster to the majority of people. Tomorrow is the poet's dream. He believes that the bright world will come, and the love and freedom will replace the tyranny in the future world. This is Shelley's early social ideal. In his idea, the most valuable thing is that he believes the humanity have ideal future however the reality is dark. This optimism runs through in all his works. B. The Philosophical Poem of the Revolutionary Struggle ---The Revolt of Islam This poem has been written when he is in Mara town. It talks tends of the European after the French Revolution. It also exposes the evil in Europe, and describes the long-range of the ideal society. The French Revolution convulses the Europe, and has a profound effect. But the revolution suffers frustration. The big bourgeoisie usurps the production of the revolution. And Napoleon practices coercion policy and make longtime war with other countries. The countries that headed by England organizes the fourth, the fifth and the sixth alliance to oppose French, and they successes (after 1806). Therefore, the whole Europe gets into a worse condition. Because of the economic blockade and the depletion of the war, there is an economic depression in England. The price has soared, the salary has reduced, the un-employed people have increased, and the people’s life is poorer. So there are the parades and strike. But the ruling class suppresses the people’s revolt by all mean. All the Europe is in the shade of darkness. Thus the French Revolution fails thoroughly. The advanced intelligentsia begins to think these problems, such as, the future and the development trend of the Europe. Shelley tries to answer the questions in this poem, especially including his latter two dramas. The scene of the sea serves as an introduction to the Revolt. In the first chapter, 8 攀枝花学院毕业论文 The Analysis of Some of His Master Pieces the pitched battle between the sneak and the hawk symbolizes the dispute among the people, and the conflict of the good and evil. The second chapter is the general programmed, and shows Shelley's ideal of rebuilding the society. He believes that the suffering will past. Just filling with hope and believing the power of thought, we can move the people, and call them, persuade the tyrant, and liberate the humanity. This is the thought that Shelley insist on all his life. Although the cruel reality always makes the poet shake, he does not break the limit of the belief, and become a real poet who insists on the violent revolutionary. It shows that Shelley's social ideal is based on the theory of human nature and humanism. In the fifth chapter, it shows Shelley's social ideal. He disagrees to adapt the teeth for teeth, but use love to help the enemy to change. The world needs the truth, the love, the freedom, the justice and the science. This thought is childish and wrong. In the sixth chapter, Shelley suspects the logic of the reality. His writing is true and graphic. Even the hero in this poem has to resist the tyrant by violence. The Revolt is the most difficult poem. The plot is not complicated, but it is hard to understand the philosophic thought that have expressed in the poem. In the poem, Shelley exaggerates the power of love. Although the poet shows very sincerely, it is very funny when we read it. It violates the general rule of life. We just can say it shows the poet's inner aspiration. C. The Glorious Carol---Prometheus Unbound As one of the representative of Shelley's works, it expresses Shelley’s philosophic ideal and social ideal. It has been written when Shelley migrate to Rome. Then the capitalists’ dark rule and cruel execution to people arouse the poet's anger, so he write the poem making use of the materials of ancient Greek myth to convey his thought of revolting tyrant. Aeschylus, the great old Greece dramatist, has written a tragedy Prometheus Bound. Shelley say," To be honest, with regard to this floppy and impotent final, letting the hero compromise with the oppressor, I felt so disgusting." In the drama, the poet serves the Zeus as the representative of the tyrant both in human world and in the Heaven. The poet criticizes and exposes the representative. This also expresses Shelley's revolutionary democratic idea. It also clarifies a 9 攀枝花学院毕业论文 The Analysis of Some of His Master Pieces philosophy that all the seemingly unmovable powers are not forever. It is worth nothing that Shelley likes to solve the class dispute by love. But in the drama, he breaks through the restraint. The poet's thought go ahead. In his last drama, The Cenci, he almost admits the violence. D. The Representative Work of Realism---The Cenci When Shelley is in Italy, he gets the hand-written copy of Cenci's record by accident, and has been deeply affected by the Cenci's crime. And everybody in Italy knows the Cenci's story. The drama reflects the determined will of struggling, and fill with justice. The drama declaims against the religion's evil clearly. The pope stands for the dark rule. He takes part with all the evil, and executes the truth and justice. Aoerxinuo, as a clergyman, is so cruel, hypocritical and insidious. He does not want to give up the man's desire, and wants to get benefits both in the human world and in the Heaven. The Cencis' tragedy has been planed by him. His cruel nature reflects the essential features of the church. Beitelicai is the weak that has been subjected to the tyrant’s humiliation. Their revolt delegate the justice requirement to humanity. The drama shows us a heroine whom fights against injustice. At the beginning of the drama, she just is a sweet and ardent girl, and has suffered indignity and humiliation. But for defending the old morality and order, she has endured. Nevertheless, when she recognizes the base of the oppressors, she breaks through the restraint of all old morality and old concept, and persists till the end. In this drama, Shelley affirms violence. In the Revolt of Islam, he stresses use love to replace violence. But in Prometheus Unbound, he affirms the rationality that fight against the tyrant by violence. This drama is the least limitation of humanism during his works. The drama materializes the realism spirit. In the drama, the fact, the action, the sensation and the mental activity are full of feasibility and typicality. There is no illustration, no abstract concept, and no flowery speech, and all the things are practical, simple, nature and reasonable. In any way, this drama is one of the most mature works of Shelley. 10 攀枝花学院毕业论文 The Analysis of Some of His Master Pieces E(The Genius Prophet---Ode to West wind He walks in forest near Florence, and suffers sudden storm (at one night in 1819). So he writes the poem. Under Shelley's description, the nature is full of magnificent creativity. The poem aims at arousing the human’s great power, and pulling down the carrion things. The poem's base is to prompt the revolution. At the beginning, the poem is full of outstanding vigor. It magnifies the big power of the west wind: "O wild west wind, thou breathe of autumn’s Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing." Shelley admires the great power of the west wind, and yearns for being dead leaves clouds and waves. But he can not. He never submits, and wants to inspire the past rebellious spirit again under the formidable west wind. At the last section, the poet combines with the west wind into one. He sings the prediction loudly, and promulgates the poem's objective: “Be through my lips to unawaken’d earth The trumpet of a prophecy! O wind, If winter comes, can spring be far behind?” This is without doubt that the prediction---the darkness gets over, and the revolution is coming and must win. As for his poem, people have two different views. Some think it is a political lyric poem. The west wind symbolizes the strong revolutionary storm, and sweeps all the old influences and sews new seeds, and spread the freedom and happiness in the world. The other thinks it is a natural lyric poem. It expresses the poet's atheism. The west wind is natural things, and the natural events are the embodiment of the God. It expresses his calling to the creation of inspiration and imagination. The west wind also symbolizes freedom, and represents the sacred principle. 11 攀枝花学院毕业论文 Conclusion Conclusion One who has the enough strong belief can perform a miracle. —Wensaite In the thesis, we introduce the social background, the living environment, and then analyze some of his master pieces in chronological order, in order to illustrate the mental progress of Shelley. in the beginning of the thesis, it introduces the historical context in which Shelley takes the chance to express his ambition. And then, it introduces the life of the rebellious poet, the negative effect of his childhood in his life. He tramples the traditional marriage rule twice, but also pays enormous price for the two marriages. He is in the state of being a vagrant all his life. Because of his rebellious nature, although he is in the worst condition, he does not lower his head, and believes that the victory will come some day. Furthermore, it analyzes some his master pieces. Queen Mab symbolizes the beginning of his writing. It shows Shelley's early social idea that the love and freedom will replace the tyranny in the future world. The Revolt shows the poet's inner aspiration of freedom to love. He believes the power of thought, and he also believes that he can move the people, and summon them, persuade the tyrant, and liberate the humanity. This is the thought that Shelley pursues for all his life. However his thought is still subject to the belief that love is more powerful than violence. But in the drama, Prometheus Unbound, he breaks through the restraint. Especially in his last drama, The Cenci, he admits the role of violence. Any way, this drama is one of the most mature works of Shelley. Ode to West Wind aims at arousing the human's great power, and shuttered the traditions. He predicts the end of darkness and the dawn of revolution. On this basis, in the end of the thesis, I arrive at the conclusion: No matter what difficulty he faces, he does not give up easily. He holds to his convictions in all his life and never changes. 12 攀枝花学院毕业论文 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements I would like to take this opportunity to thank my tutor — Lecturer Ma Dong, who offers me academic and constructive advice on composing this paper. His encouragement and help are worthy of high acknowledgement. And I also would like to take this opportunity to thank Ms. Li Li-qin, who is my thesis course teacher and gives me some advice on how to write a paper. And I also would like to thank all the leaders and teachers of the School of Foreign Languages and Cultures. Moreover, I thank to my dear friends and my lovely roommates numerously, who spend much time with me on my thesis. Finally, I would like to offer my sincere gratitude to those who spend their precious time in reading this thesis 13 攀枝花学院毕业论文 Note Note 1.列昂节夫:苏联心理学家;俄罗斯苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国教育科学院院士(1950年);苏联教育科学院院士(1968年). 2. .马洛镇:距离伦敦不远的，泰晤士河畔的英国小镇. 3. 阿拉列:即是克莱尔(即玛丽同父异母的姐姐珍妮)同拜伦所生的女儿. 4. 威廉斯:一名退伍军官.是雪莱的堂兄梅德文.雪莱在印度结识的朋友.后来介绍给雪莱认识的. 5. 范妮:沉默，温柔而美丽。是葛德汶的前妻玛丽.沃斯托尼拉夫在与葛德汶结婚前与情人印列上尉所生的女儿.是寄养在葛德汶家的养女. 6. 珍妮:热情，活泼，是个典型的意大利女郎.是葛德汶现在的夫人(克莱芒特遗孀)与前夫所生的小女. 14 攀枝花学院毕业论文 Bibliography Bibliography [1] Blarmires, Harry. A Short History of English Literature. 2nd edition. London: Routledge, 1984. [2] Evans, Ifor. A Short History of English Literature. 3rd edition. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books, 1970. [3] McDonnell, Helen, et al., eds. England in Literature. Glenview: Scott, Foresman, 1982. [4] Richard Holmes. Shelley: The pursuit. London. Cambridge University, 1974. [5] Robson W.W. Modern English Literature. London: Oxford University Press, 1970. [6] Thomas Hutchinson. The complete poetical works of Percy Bysshe Shelley. London. Oxford University presses Humphrey. Milford. 1929. [7] 郭沫若.《雪莱的诗?小序》.《创造季刊》1卷4期，1923. [8] 北京师联教育科学研究所.外国诗歌基本解读[M] ?英国卷(中).北京:人民武警出 版社，2002. [9] 博尔顿(美)著，林楚平、陈树培译.雪莱情史[M].杭州:浙江文艺出版社，1986. [10] 查良铮译.雪莱抒情诗选[M].北京:人民文学出版社，1982. [11] 高楠著.文艺心理探索[M].沈阳，辽宁大学出版社，1986. [12] 江枫译.雪莱抒情诗全集[M].湖南:湖南文艺出版社，1996. [13] 李尚信主编.欧美文学史[M].吉林:吉林大学出版社，2003. [14] 默洛亚著，谭立德、郑其行译.雪莱传[M].上海:上海文艺出版社，1981. 张定铨、吴刚编著.新编简明英国文学史[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社，2002. 15