陕西师范大学经济地理题目

陕西师范大学经济地理题目 五、名词解释(196-220) 196.产业结构:主要是指生产要素在各产业部门间的比例构成和它们之间相互依存相互制约的联系，即一个国家或地区的劳动力、资金、各种自然资源与物质资料在国民经济各部门之间的配置状况及其相互制约的方式。P12 197.增长极:指不断扩大的工业、综合体的推动性产业(主导产业)，配置在城市区并在其影响范围内引导经济活动进一步发展。具有三层意思:?一定地域范围内的实体;?自身成长壮大;?影响带动周围经济增长。两个内涵:?作为经济概念，指推动型产业，即主导产业;?作为地理概念，指产生集聚作用的城镇，即区域增长极。P17 198.极化作用:是指经济活动有向某些区位条件优越的地方集聚的倾向，并在一定的地域范围内形成极核，而且这种极核一经行成，就觉有一种自我发展的能力，它可以不断为为自身的进一步发展创造条件，甚至在原来赖以发展的优势已经丧失的条件下，仍然可以适当发展。P18 199.支柱产业:是指在国民生产总值中所占比重大，具有稳定而广泛的资源来源、产品市场的产业。P21 对比主导产业、基础产业新兴产业 200.主导产业:是指在今后较长时期内需求的收入弹性较大，与其他产业的关联作用强，具有较高的劳动生产率的产业。P20 201.经济地理位置:是指某一事物与具有经济意义的其他事物如城市，经济区，工业区，原、燃料产地，交通设施(港站，线路)等的空间关系，实质上即是一地理实体(国家、地区、城市或企业等)在国内外劳动地域分工中的地位。P36 202.农业生态系统:是指在一定地域内，人类利用农业生物与环境之间以及生物种群之间相互作用建立的，并按照人类的社会经济需求进行物质生产的有机整体。它介于自然生态系统与人工生态系统之间，是一种被人驯化了半人工生态系统。P72 203.农业区位论:是以城市为中心，由内向外呈同心圆状分布的农业地带，因其与中心城区的距离不同而引起生产基础和利润收入的地区差异。P86 204.(矿产)品位:矿产质量指标包括品位(是指矿石中有用组分的单位含量，以%、g/t、g/m、g/L等示，为衡量矿石质量的最重要的指标、)伴生有益和有害成分以及矿石的结构特征等。P106 205.工业区:是一个或几个大中型企业(含联合企业)为骨干，由若干大中小型组成的工业企业群体。P130 206.工业地带:(或称走廊、长廊)，顾名思义是由重要交通干线(沿海、沿江、铁路、tomorrow I go fishing to the East. Bosses don't have fish to eat. "Positions out of a fat man:" going on now in the past, the Imperial Army came after eating is bad. "Old Kings Head Rush thanked the captain rushed to the base for Hong Kong, Shen Yuezhen said:" I think so well! " Aboard the ship, told through again. Months Pro happy meals freshly prepared, Scull chunks post immediately. Card that Fu sheng of the Elves take care of: "old Kings Head tomorrow, your fish such as we Captain!" "Know" this is the King's voice, by far. At night, the ship to port, next to see a few xieye of small fishing vessels, stop eating. Alex after eating two adjacent boats stopping by. Learned from the mouths of local fishermen here have is guerrilla zones, East Taihu Lake infested with bandits, Miaogang landmark, quiet at night, sometimes in the morning zhenze Japan Devils sweep, afternoon zhenze, West of guerrilla activities. Back on the boat, monthly Pro action decided by the first programme, go to Miaogang, find focal point connector. Gently open the ship, sailed into the trackless Yang. Months Pro has lost its way, don't know direction, and had to let the old King was driving. Old King pulling two oars said: "good day to see the stars, cloudy day by feel. You take a break, go to class in a 构词成分。. "No, the cabin there was" grunting ... Shout ... "snore. The next morning, Miaogang the Lion Bridge a mourning fisherman's woman. Head wrapped in white cloth, foot-wear white shoes, selling fish in a fish line. Her a red flower on the toe in his left foot, a white flower on the toe of his right foot, which is a joint sign. Women were observed on the street that a tobacco stores, posted a lot of smoke on the door, there is no old knife brand. Shopkeepers facing West, there are another two strangers looking around. Months Pro knows this focal point has been exposed, she quickly sold the fish back to the Lake, get on Board of the old King said:is Shen Yuezhen, xiaozhengxin them. A few days ago, Shen Yuezhen listen to Jones Lang LaSalle said his family had firearms, ammunition, Ding Bingcheng newly established Jiangsu Taihu Lake is in need of volunteers for the war guns and ammunition, will mobilize he offered his gun out. This small secondary progressive, PWC. Today, he leads Shen Yuezhen in backyard behind a rock. Several people quickly dug seven or eight rifles, four small pistol and some bullets, sack up, carried off the secondary courtyard. To xibaiyang, a small fishing boat approaching, Shen Yuezhen on their fishing vessel disappeared into the mist. Shen Yuezhen is a peripheral organization of the central section of the East China people's armed forces of the anti-Japanese National Salvation Association of a Communist and KMT: Wu Jiang County Government's traffic warden. She returned to her own house Dai Jia Wan, think of importation of firearms program, is afraid of diwei check months Pro frown. The next day, she came to the fishermen's uncle Wang's boat, said importation of firearms, Wang not only down, but also a good idea, brows that make the month pro stretch ... Bei Ma Yang, ship and base for Hong Kong, the Sun has been the West, the monthly Pro will kill fish, wash, place a oil sauce, cooking rice, steamed fish in the rice cooker on. Wang mentioned fish basket selling on minglilai, after the Elves when the sentry, Wang carried out from the basket of three good Mandarin fish, said with a smile: "Mister lucky, MA Yang, this is net live fish, Fu sheng's brother to try it. "The elves called Fu sheng came holding a fish said:" old Kings Head, today luck was not bad! " "Thanks to the blessing of day, only a little fish. Brothers, let me of the Ming dynasty to the North of the road Yang swings to get some fish? " "No, Ah, Eastern foreigner to prohibit! and I am not the first, not to master. "" That is a shame 高速公路等)联结起来的若干工业地区和工业枢纽形成的带状工业地域结构系统，这是最高层次的工业地域结构类型。如美国的大西洋和五大湖沿岸，日本的太平洋和濑户内海沿岸，西欧的莱茵河沿岸等。P132 207.原料指数:是指需要运输的非遍在原料的重量与成品重量只比。P134 208.交通运输业:凭借运输工具和交通设施专门从事人和货物的移动，以期获得经济报酬的行业。P148 209.运输联系:两地之间相互作用所产生的旅客和货物的空间移动。P150 210.网尼克指数:表示从这个点到运网中最远一点的最短径道所经过的线路数目。在一个运网中，网尼克指数最小的点，就是这个运网的交通中心。有时交通中心是多个的。P164 211.商业:亦称贸易，是以专门从事商品流通而获取经济回报的国民经济部门，属于第三产业的重点行业。它的基本职能是通过商品买与卖的经营活动，在生产者和消费者之间媒介成商品交换，实现商品所有权的过度。P189 212.城市化:又称城镇化(urbaniazation)，通常是指人口向城市地区集中和农村地区转变为城市地区(或指变农业人口为非农业人口)的过程。这一过程使得城市人口增加，无论是城市人口的绝对数，还是城市人口占总人口的比重都在增长;城市数目增多;城市规模扩大等等。其中，城市人口占总人口的比重是城市化的一个重要标志，因而也成为城市化水平测度的最常用指标。城市化的过程和特点受生产力发展水平、社会劳动分工的深度和社会所有制性质等多种因素制约。P221 213.城市职能:是指城市对城市本身以外的区域在经济、政治、文化等方面所起的作用。P223 214.城市性质:是指城市在一定时期内的主要职能和发展方向，它是城市的总纲。P224 215.城市地域结构:是指城市职能组织在城市地域上的配置及组合状况，即通常所说的各种功能分区或城市用地在地域上的排列和组合关系。P229 216.城市体系:使用一定区域内不通规模等级，不同职能性质的城市间产生密切的联系，形成具有一定结构和功能的有机整体。P234 217.经济区:是在商品生产发展过程中客观形成的地域经济单元，是建立在劳动地域分工基础上，拥有体现区域优势的地区专门化与具有区域特色的综合发展相结合的地区产业结构，由具有较强凝聚力和辐射力的中心城市(群)及与其紧密联系的腹地范围所组成的不同等级、各具特色的网络型地域经济体系。P243 tomorrow I go fishing to the East. Bosses don't have fish to eat. "Positions out of a fat man:" going on now in the past, the Imperial Army came after eating is bad. "Old Kings Head Rush thanked the captain rushed to the base for Hong Kong, Shen Yuezhen said:" I think so well! " Aboard the ship, told through again. Months Pro happy meals freshly prepared, Scull chunks post immediately. Card that Fu sheng of the Elves take care of: "old Kings Head tomorrow, your fish such as we Captain!" "Know" this is the King's voice, by far. At night, the ship to port, next to see a few xieye of small fishing vessels, stop eating. Alex after eating two adjacent boats stopping by. Learned from the mouths of local fishermen here have is guerrilla zones, East Taihu Lake infested with bandits, Miaogang landmark, quiet at night, sometimes in the morning zhenze Japan Devils sweep, afternoon zhenze, West of guerrilla activities. Back on the boat, monthly Pro action decided by the first programme, go to Miaogang, find focal point connector. Gently open the ship, sailed into the trackless Yang. Months Pro has lost its way, don't know direction, and had to let the old King was driving. Old King pulling two oars said: "good day to see the stars, cloudy day by feel. You take a break, go to class in a 构词成分。. "No, the cabin there was" grunting ... Shout ... "snore. The next morning, Miaogang the Lion Bridge a mourning fisherman's woman. Head wrapped in white cloth, foot-wear white shoes, selling fish in a fish line. Her a red flower on the toe in his left foot, a white flower on the toe of his right foot, which is a joint sign. Women were observed on the street that a tobacco stores, posted a lot of smoke on the door, there is no old knife brand. Shopkeepers facing West, there are another two strangers looking around. Months Pro knows this focal point has been exposed, she quickly sold the fish back to the Lake, get on Board of the old King said:is Shen Yuezhen, xiaozhengxin them. A few days ago, Shen Yuezhen listen to Jones Lang LaSalle said his family had firearms, ammunition, Ding Bingcheng newly established Jiangsu Taihu Lake is in need of volunteers for the war guns and ammunition, will mobilize he offered his gun out. This small secondary progressive, PWC. Today, he leads Shen Yuezhen in backyard behind a rock. Several people quickly dug seven or eight rifles, four small pistol and some bullets, sack up, carried off the secondary courtyard. To xibaiyang, a small fishing boat approaching, Shen Yuezhen on their fishing vessel disappeared into the mist. Shen Yuezhen is a peripheral organization of the central section of the East China people's armed forces of the anti-Japanese National Salvation Association of a Communist and KMT: Wu Jiang County Government's traffic warden. She returned to her own house Dai Jia Wan, think of importation of firearms program, is afraid of diwei check months Pro frown. The next day, she came to the fishermen's uncle Wang's boat, said importation of firearms, Wang not only down, but also a good idea, brows that make the month pro stretch ... Bei Ma Yang, ship and base for Hong Kong, the Sun has been the West, the monthly Pro will kill fish, wash, place a oil sauce, cooking rice, steamed fish in the rice cooker on. Wang mentioned fish basket selling on minglilai, after the Elves when the sentry, Wang carried out from the basket of three good Mandarin fish, said with a smile: "Mister lucky, MA Yang, this is net live fish, Fu sheng's brother to try it. "The elves called Fu sheng came holding a fish said:" old Kings Head, today luck was not bad! " "Thanks to the blessing of day, only a little fish. Brothers, let me of the Ming dynasty to the North of the road Yang swings to get some fish? " "No, Ah, Eastern foreigner to prohibit! and I am not the first, not to master. "" That is a shame 218.经济区划:经济区划分有狭义和广义之分。狭义的经济区划是指对经济区的划分;广义的经济区划既包括对经济区的划分，也包括经济区划方法论问题。P243 219.区域发展战略:是一定时期内区域经济、社会发展中带有全局性、长远性、和根本性的重大决策。P263 220.区域规划:亦有有广义和狭义之分。广义的区域规划包括区际规划与区内规划;狭义的区域规划，就是在一定区域范围内所进行的国民经济建设的总体部署。我国通常所说的区域规划主要是指后者。P251 六、简答题(221-240) 221.简述三次产业分类法及广泛接受的原因, 222.简述PETTY-CLARK定理, 223.简述产业布局演变规律及其运行机制。 224.简述自然条件和自然资源对产业布局的影响。 225.简述新技术革命对产业布局的影响, 226.简述区域开发的概念及主要包括的内容, 227.简述产业布局条件评价的原则, 228.什么是农业生态系统，具有哪些经济特征, 229.简述经济作物布局研究的内容。 230.简述世界各地区工业布局的基本趋势。 231.简述工业再布局的模式有哪些, 232.我国钢铁工业常见的布局模式有哪些, 233.炼油工业为什么布局在交通较好的消费区, 234.简述森林加工工业就地林区布局的优劣势, 235.简述韦伯的工业区位理论的基本思想。 236.货流不合理运输的类型及产生原因, tomorrow I go fishing to the East. Bosses don't have fish to eat. "Positions out of a fat man:" going on now in the past, the Imperial Army came after eating is bad. "Old Kings Head Rush thanked the captain rushed to the base for Hong Kong, Shen Yuezhen said:" I think so well! " Aboard the ship, told through again. Months Pro happy meals freshly prepared, Scull chunks post immediately. Card that Fu sheng of the Elves take care of: "old Kings Head tomorrow, your fish such as we Captain!" "Know" this is the King's voice, by far. At night, the ship to port, next to see a few xieye of small fishing vessels, stop eating. Alex after eating two adjacent boats stopping by. Learned from the mouths of local fishermen here have is guerrilla zones, East Taihu Lake infested with bandits, Miaogang landmark, quiet at night, sometimes in the morning zhenze Japan Devils sweep, afternoon zhenze, West of guerrilla activities. Back on the boat, monthly Pro action decided by the first programme, go to Miaogang, find focal point connector. Gently open the ship, sailed into the trackless Yang. Months Pro has lost its way, don't know direction, and had to let the old King was driving. Old King pulling two oars said: "good day to see the stars, cloudy day by feel. You take a break, go to class in a 构词成分。. "No, the cabin there was" grunting ... Shout ... "snore. The next morning, Miaogang the Lion Bridge a mourning fisherman's woman. Head wrapped in white cloth, foot-wear white shoes, selling fish in a fish line. Her a red flower on the toe in his left foot, a white flower on the toe of his right foot, which is a joint sign. Women were observed on the street that a tobacco stores, posted a lot of smoke on the door, there is no old knife brand. Shopkeepers facing West, there are another two strangers looking around. Months Pro knows this focal point has been exposed, she quickly sold the fish back to the Lake, get on Board of the old King said:is Shen Yuezhen, xiaozhengxin them. A few days ago, Shen Yuezhen listen to Jones Lang LaSalle said his family had firearms, ammunition, Ding Bingcheng newly established Jiangsu Taihu Lake is in need of volunteers for the war guns and ammunition, will mobilize he offered his gun out. This small secondary progressive, PWC. Today, he leads Shen Yuezhen in backyard behind a rock. Several people quickly dug seven or eight rifles, four small pistol and some bullets, sack up, carried off the secondary courtyard. To xibaiyang, a small fishing boat approaching, Shen Yuezhen on their fishing vessel disappeared into the mist. Shen Yuezhen is a peripheral organization of the central section of the East China people's armed forces of the anti-Japanese National Salvation Association of a Communist and KMT: Wu Jiang County Government's traffic warden. She returned to her own house Dai Jia Wan, think of importation of firearms program, is afraid of diwei check months Pro frown. The next day, she came to the fishermen's uncle Wang's boat, said importation of firearms, Wang not only down, but also a good idea, brows that make the month pro stretch ... Bei Ma Yang, ship and base for Hong Kong, the Sun has been the West, the monthly Pro will kill fish, wash, place a oil sauce, cooking rice, steamed fish in the rice cooker on. Wang mentioned fish basket selling on minglilai, after the Elves when the sentry, Wang carried out from the basket of three good Mandarin fish, said with a smile: "Mister lucky, MA Yang, this is net live fish, Fu sheng's brother to try it. "The elves called Fu sheng came holding a fish said:" old Kings Head, today luck was not bad! " "Thanks to the blessing of day, only a little fish. Brothers, let me of the Ming dynasty to the North of the road Yang swings to get some fish? " "No, Ah, Eastern foreigner to prohibit! and I am not the first, not to master. "" That is a shame ?对流运输。主要是指相同的或可以互相替代的货物在同一线路或同一流向上的相向运输，是无法计划运输中最常见的一种不合理运输。 ?重复运输。这是指产品输入那些本身生产该种产品，而且数量等于或大于自身需要的地区的运输。 ?迂回运输。指未采用便捷的交通线，引起了多余的形成KM的运输。 ?过远运输。指当地或附近有某种商品，却要从超过合理货流图规定范围以外的远距离地区输入产品的运输。 ?短途运输。指在短距离运输中，不采用适合于短途运输的汽车运输，而采用适合于长途运输的铁路和海运等方式，造成了严重浪费的运输。 ?倒流运输。从销地或中转地转向产地或起运地回流的一种运输现象。P174 237.简述城市间相互作用的条件及引力模式, 238从全世界看，城市地域形态主要有哪些类型, 249.简述城市化的地域类型。 (一)团块状城市 这是在城市对磁心的向心力作用下形成的一种城市地域形态。城市的生产和生活活动在向心力作用下向市中心地区集中，城市地域呈同心圆状向外延展，城市地域形态呈团块状，一般为单中心城市。团块状城市是平原地区一种较常见的城市地域形态，如合肥、成都、华盛顿、堪萨斯城等。团块状城市如果受到地形等因素的影响，只向一侧延展形成扇形城市地域形态。 (二)带状城市 主要是沿交通线发展的轴向力作用下形成的一种城市地域形态，也有的是在受到地形因素的tomorrow I go fishing to the East. Bosses don't have fish to eat. "Positions out of a fat man:" going on now in the past, the Imperial Army came after eating is bad. "Old Kings Head Rush thanked the captain rushed to the base for Hong Kong, Shen Yuezhen said:" I think so well! " Aboard the ship, told through again. Months Pro happy meals freshly prepared, Scull chunks post immediately. Card that Fu sheng of the Elves take care of: "old Kings Head tomorrow, your fish such as we Captain!" "Know" this is the King's voice, by far. At night, the ship to port, next to see a few xieye of small fishing vessels, stop eating. Alex after eating two adjacent boats stopping by. Learned from the mouths of local fishermen here have is guerrilla zones, East Taihu Lake infested with bandits, Miaogang landmark, quiet at night, sometimes in the morning zhenze Japan Devils sweep, afternoon zhenze, West of guerrilla activities. Back on the boat, monthly Pro action decided by the first programme, go to Miaogang, find focal point connector. Gently open the ship, sailed into the trackless Yang. Months Pro has lost its way, don't know direction, and had to let the old King was driving. Old King pulling two oars said: "good day to see the stars, cloudy day by feel. You take a break, go to class in a 构词成分。. "No, the cabin there was" grunting ... Shout ... "snore. The next morning, Miaogang the Lion Bridge a mourning fisherman's woman. Head wrapped in white cloth, foot-wear white shoes, selling fish in a fish line. Her a red flower on the toe in his left foot, a white flower on the toe of his right foot, which is a joint sign. Women were observed on the street that a tobacco stores, posted a lot of smoke on the door, there is no old knife brand. Shopkeepers facing West, there are another two strangers looking around. Months Pro knows this focal point has been exposed, she quickly sold the fish back to the Lake, get on Board of the old King said:is Shen Yuezhen, xiaozhengxin them. A few days ago, Shen Yuezhen listen to Jones Lang LaSalle said his family had firearms, ammunition, Ding Bingcheng newly established Jiangsu Taihu Lake is in need of volunteers for the war guns and ammunition, will mobilize he offered his gun out. This small secondary progressive, PWC. Today, he leads Shen Yuezhen in backyard behind a rock. Several people quickly dug seven or eight rifles, four small pistol and some bullets, sack up, carried off the secondary courtyard. To xibaiyang, a small fishing boat approaching, Shen Yuezhen on their fishing vessel disappeared into the mist. Shen Yuezhen is a peripheral organization of the central section of the East China people's armed forces of the anti-Japanese National Salvation Association of a Communist and KMT: Wu Jiang County Government's traffic warden. She returned to her own house Dai Jia Wan, think of importation of firearms program, is afraid of diwei check months Pro frown. The next day, she came to the fishermen's uncle Wang's boat, said importation of firearms, Wang not only down, but also a good idea, brows that make the month pro stretch ... Bei Ma Yang, ship and base for Hong Kong, the Sun has been the West, the monthly Pro will kill fish, wash, place a oil sauce, cooking rice, steamed fish in the rice cooker on. Wang mentioned fish basket selling on minglilai, after the Elves when the sentry, Wang carried out from the basket of three good Mandarin fish, said with a smile: "Mister lucky, MA Yang, this is net live fish, Fu sheng's brother to try it. "The elves called Fu sheng came holding a fish said:" old Kings Head, today luck was not bad! " "Thanks to the blessing of day, only a little fish. Brothers, let me of the Ming dynasty to the North of the road Yang swings to get some fish? " "No, Ah, Eastern foreigner to prohibit! and I am not the first, not to master. "" That is a shame 影响或外部吸引力作用下形成的。城市生活和生产活动总有对交通条件的相存性，城市发展沿交通线(铁路、公路、河道等)向外扩展，最终形成条带状城市地域。此时，这些交通线便成为城市的发展轴。如常州、西宁、沙市、筑波等。 (三)星状城市 当城市的发展轴并非一条或平行的若干条，而是由3条以上相互交叉的轴线构成时，城市在沿交通线的轴向力和对磁心的向心力共同作用下，形成有3个或3个以上的超长伸展轴的星状地域形态。星状城市具有明显的向心性和离心性。如郑州、秦皇岛、嘉兴等。 (四)组团式城市 城市由于受自然条件因素(如用地、河流阻隔等)的影响或在人为因素的作用下(主要是规划和控制)，建成区以河流、农田或绿地为间隔、形成具有一定独立的众多团块状城市地域形态，称为组团式城市，如重庆。国外一些大中城市规划，采取有机疏散成组团的思想，将城市市区分界为若干相对独立的、有一定功能的组团(或小城市)，组团之间留有绿地间隔，形成多中心、开敞式的地域形态，如赫尔辛基、科隆杜塞尔多夫新区等。 (五)一城多镇 一城多镇的布局形态是在城市的对外部吸引力或离心力的作用下，或是通过人为的规划和建设而形成的，较多地表现为大城市和周围的卫星城，中心城和卫星城之间寸在较为密切的联系，有的甚至为依存关系。在我国，卫星城的建设绝大多数是适应工业生产的发展而建立的，如上海的闵行、松江、嘉定等卫星城。P229-P232 240.简述经济区划的原则。 ?经济中心和吸引范围相结合 经济中心是商品经济发展的结果，商品生产和商品交换发展到一定程度必然形成经济中心。经济中心一旦形成，就对周围的地区经济发展产生深刻的影响;反过来，地区经济的发展又tomorrow I go fishing to the East. Bosses don't have fish to eat. "Positions out of a fat man:" going on now in the past, the Imperial Army came after eating is bad. "Old Kings Head Rush thanked the captain rushed to the base for Hong Kong, Shen Yuezhen said:" I think so well! " Aboard the ship, told through again. Months Pro happy meals freshly prepared, Scull chunks post immediately. Card that Fu sheng of the Elves take care of: "old Kings Head tomorrow, your fish such as we Captain!" "Know" this is the King's voice, by far. At night, the ship to port, next to see a few xieye of small fishing vessels, stop eating. Alex after eating two adjacent boats stopping by. Learned from the mouths of local fishermen here have is guerrilla zones, East Taihu Lake infested with bandits, Miaogang landmark, quiet at night, sometimes in the morning zhenze Japan Devils sweep, afternoon zhenze, West of guerrilla activities. Back on the boat, monthly Pro action decided by the first programme, go to Miaogang, find focal point connector. Gently open the ship, sailed into the trackless Yang. Months Pro has lost its way, don't know direction, and had to let the old King was driving. Old King pulling two oars said: "good day to see the stars, cloudy day by feel. You take a break, go to class in a 构词成分。. "No, the cabin there was" grunting ... Shout ... "snore. The next morning, Miaogang the Lion Bridge a mourning fisherman's woman. Head wrapped in white cloth, foot-wear white shoes, selling fish in a fish line. Her a red flower on the toe in his left foot, a white flower on the toe of his right foot, which is a joint sign. Women were observed on the street that a tobacco stores, posted a lot of smoke on the door, there is no old knife brand. Shopkeepers facing West, there are another two strangers looking around. Months Pro knows this focal point has been exposed, she quickly sold the fish back to the Lake, get on Board of the old King said:is Shen Yuezhen, xiaozhengxin them. A few days ago, Shen Yuezhen listen to Jones Lang LaSalle said his family had firearms, ammunition, Ding Bingcheng newly established Jiangsu Taihu Lake is in need of volunteers for the war guns and ammunition, will mobilize he offered his gun out. This small secondary progressive, PWC. Today, he leads Shen Yuezhen in backyard behind a rock. Several people quickly dug seven or eight rifles, four small pistol and some bullets, sack up, carried off the secondary courtyard. To xibaiyang, a small fishing boat approaching, Shen Yuezhen on their fishing vessel disappeared into the mist. Shen Yuezhen is a peripheral organization of the central section of the East China people's armed forces of the anti-Japanese National Salvation Association of a Communist and KMT: Wu Jiang County Government's traffic warden. She returned to her own house Dai Jia Wan, think of importation of firearms program, is afraid of diwei check months Pro frown. The next day, she came to the fishermen's uncle Wang's boat, said importation of firearms, Wang not only down, but also a good idea, brows that make the month pro stretch ... Bei Ma Yang, ship and base for Hong Kong, the Sun has been the West, the monthly Pro will kill fish, wash, place a oil sauce, cooking rice, steamed fish in the rice cooker on. Wang mentioned fish basket selling on minglilai, after the Elves when the sentry, Wang carried out from the basket of three good Mandarin fish, said with a smile: "Mister lucky, MA Yang, this is net live fish, Fu sheng's brother to try it. "The elves called Fu sheng came holding a fish said:" old Kings Head, today luck was not bad! " "Thanks to the blessing of day, only a little fish. Brothers, let me of the Ming dynasty to the North of the road Yang swings to get some fish? " "No, Ah, Eastern foreigner to prohibit! and I am not the first, not to master. "" That is a shame 将进一步加强经济中心的地位和作用，这也是经济区形成的一个客观规律。适应于这一客观规律，在经济区划中必须重视发挥经济中心的作用。按经济中心对区域经济的作用和影响范围的大小，可将其分为全区性的经济中心和地区性的经济中心两种。全区性的经济中心一般是综合性的大城市或大城市群，具有工业、交通、金融、贸易及科技文化等多种职能。如上海、天津、沈阳、西安、广州、重庆等。 ?专业化与综合发展相结合 专业化与综合发展相结合是经济区内部产业结构的最重要的特征，把专业化和综合发展结合起来，既是经济区自我发育、完善的客观需要，也是划分经济区的重要依据。由于各地区的自然条件、自然资源、社会经济条件存在差异，每个经济区的类型、特点是不可能相同的;而且经济区的级别愈低，对综合发展的也愈低。 ?资源条件的相关性 资源条件是保证经济区稳定发展的重要因素，对经济区的发展方向也具有一定的影响。每个经济区内的资源条件并非一定具有相似性，相反，差异性和互补性则是形成经济区的必要前提。因此，在划分经济区的过程中，应充分考虑各地资源条件的相关性或互补性，把相互联系或相互配合的资源划在一个经济区内，有利于资源的开发利用，也有利于地区经济的发展。 ?远景发展方向一致性 经济区划的目的并非单纯地认识地区经济发展现状，更重要的是还要预测未来，以便为国民经济远景规划与产业布局合理化提供科学依据。因此，在经济区划的工作中，首先需要对地区经济发展的条件、现状进行全面考察与综合，进而科学地预测未来一定时期内地区经济发展的主要方向，以及产业布局演变的前景。 ?适当照顾行政区划完整性 划分经济区的目的是通过地域的形式来有效地组织区域经济。鉴于我国各级政府在区域经济发展中具有一定的组织和指导作用，因此，注意经济区划与行政区划的协调，适当照顾行政区划的完整性，是非常必要的。建国以后根据经济建设的需要，各省省会已经成为重要的经济中心，以省区为单位，将地域上毗连、经济联系密切、资源条件相关的省区组成全国一级tomorrow I go fishing to the East. Bosses don't have fish to eat. "Positions out of a fat man:" going on now in the past, the Imperial Army came after eating is bad. "Old Kings Head Rush thanked the captain rushed to the base for Hong Kong, Shen Yuezhen said:" I think so well! " Aboard the ship, told through again. Months Pro happy meals freshly prepared, Scull chunks post immediately. Card that Fu sheng of the Elves take care of: "old Kings Head tomorrow, your fish such as we Captain!" "Know" this is the King's voice, by far. At night, the ship to port, next to see a few xieye of small fishing vessels, stop eating. Alex after eating two adjacent boats stopping by. Learned from the mouths of local fishermen here have is guerrilla zones, East Taihu Lake infested with bandits, Miaogang landmark, quiet at night, sometimes in the morning zhenze Japan Devils sweep, afternoon zhenze, West of guerrilla activities. Back on the boat, monthly Pro action decided by the first programme, go to Miaogang, find focal point connector. Gently open the ship, sailed into the trackless Yang. Months Pro has lost its way, don't know direction, and had to let the old King was driving. Old King pulling two oars said: "good day to see the stars, cloudy day by feel. You take a break, go to class in a 构词成分。. "No, the cabin there was" grunting ... Shout ... "snore. The next morning, Miaogang the Lion Bridge a mourning fisherman's woman. Head wrapped in white cloth, foot-wear white shoes, selling fish in a fish line. Her a red flower on the toe in his left foot, a white flower on the toe of his right foot, which is a joint sign. Women were observed on the street that a tobacco stores, posted a lot of smoke on the door, there is no old knife brand. Shopkeepers facing West, there are another two strangers looking around. Months Pro knows this focal point has been exposed, she quickly sold the fish back to the Lake, get on Board of the old King said:is Shen Yuezhen, xiaozhengxin them. A few days ago, Shen Yuezhen listen to Jones Lang LaSalle said his family had firearms, ammunition, Ding Bingcheng newly established Jiangsu Taihu Lake is in need of volunteers for the war guns and ammunition, will mobilize he offered his gun out. This small secondary progressive, PWC. Today, he leads Shen Yuezhen in backyard behind a rock. Several people quickly dug seven or eight rifles, four small pistol and some bullets, sack up, carried off the secondary courtyard. To xibaiyang, a small fishing boat approaching, Shen Yuezhen on their fishing vessel disappeared into the mist. Shen Yuezhen is a peripheral organization of the central section of the East China people's armed forces of the anti-Japanese National Salvation Association of a Communist and KMT: Wu Jiang County Government's traffic warden. She returned to her own house Dai Jia Wan, think of importation of firearms program, is afraid of diwei check months Pro frown. The next day, she came to the fishermen's uncle Wang's boat, said importation of firearms, Wang not only down, but also a good idea, brows that make the month pro stretch ... Bei Ma Yang, ship and base for Hong Kong, the Sun has been the West, the monthly Pro will kill fish, wash, place a oil sauce, cooking rice, steamed fish in the rice cooker on. Wang mentioned fish basket selling on minglilai, after the Elves when the sentry, Wang carried out from the basket of three good Mandarin fish, said with a smile: "Mister lucky, MA Yang, this is net live fish, Fu sheng's brother to try it. "The elves called Fu sheng came holding a fish said:" old Kings Head, today luck was not bad! " "Thanks to the blessing of day, only a little fish. Brothers, let me of the Ming dynasty to the North of the road Yang swings to get some fish? " "No, Ah, Eastern foreigner to prohibit! and I am not the first, not to master. "" That is a shame 经济区，实习“以市带县”，合经济区划分的一种现实可行的。 P249-P251 七、看图问答题(241-244) 241.读图回答: (1)某城市拟新建钢铁厂、造纸 厂、自来水厂及服装厂，请在图中 ????四处选择各自合理的厂 址，并简述理由。 ,在?处建 厂， 理由 是 。 ,在?处建 厂， 理由 是 。 ;在?处建 厂，理由是 。 ,在?处建 厂，理由是 。 (2),钢铁厂从工业投入看，该企业属于 密集型工业。 ,从影响工业的主要区位因素看，该工业属 指向型工业。现在这类型工业对工厂区位的影响逐渐 ，而 对工厂区位的影响正在逐渐加强。 ;钢铁工业分布区会不会扩展为工业城市: ，原因是 。 (3)甲、乙、丙、丁要发展乳牛、果林、花卉、小麦四种农业，请给予合理安排，并简要叙述其理由: tomorrow I go fishing to the East. Bosses don't have fish to eat. "Positions out of a fat man:" going on now in the past, the Imperial Army came after eating is bad. "Old Kings Head Rush thanked the captain rushed to the base for Hong Kong, Shen Yuezhen said:" I think so well! " Aboard the ship, told through again. Months Pro happy meals freshly prepared, Scull chunks post immediately. Card that Fu sheng of the Elves take care of: "old Kings Head tomorrow, your fish such as we Captain!" "Know" this is the King's voice, by far. At night, the ship to port, next to see a few xieye of small fishing vessels, stop eating. Alex after eating two adjacent boats stopping by. Learned from the mouths of local fishermen here have is guerrilla zones, East Taihu Lake infested with bandits, Miaogang landmark, quiet at night, sometimes in the morning zhenze Japan Devils sweep, afternoon zhenze, West of guerrilla activities. Back on the boat, monthly Pro action decided by the first programme, go to Miaogang, find focal point connector. Gently open the ship, sailed into the trackless Yang. Months Pro has lost its way, don't know direction, and had to let the old King was driving. Old King pulling two oars said: "good day to see the stars, cloudy day by feel. You take a break, go to class in a 构词成分。. "No, the cabin there was" grunting ... Shout ... "snore. The next morning, Miaogang the Lion Bridge a mourning fisherman's woman. Head wrapped in white cloth, foot-wear white shoes, selling fish in a fish line. Her a red flower on the toe in his left foot, a white flower on the toe of his right foot, which is a joint sign. Women were observed on the street that a tobacco stores, posted a lot of smoke on the door, there is no old knife brand. Shopkeepers facing West, there are another two strangers looking around. Months Pro knows this focal point has been exposed, she quickly sold the fish back to the Lake, get on Board of the old King said:is Shen Yuezhen, xiaozhengxin them. A few days ago, Shen Yuezhen listen to Jones Lang LaSalle said his family had firearms, ammunition, Ding Bingcheng newly established Jiangsu Taihu Lake is in need of volunteers for the war guns and ammunition, will mobilize he offered his gun out. This small secondary progressive, PWC. Today, he leads Shen Yuezhen in backyard behind a rock. Several people quickly dug seven or eight rifles, four small pistol and some bullets, sack up, carried off the secondary courtyard. To xibaiyang, a small fishing boat approaching, Shen Yuezhen on their fishing vessel disappeared into the mist. Shen Yuezhen is a peripheral organization of the central section of the East China people's armed forces of the anti-Japanese National Salvation Association of a Communist and KMT: Wu Jiang County Government's traffic warden. She returned to her own house Dai Jia Wan, think of importation of firearms program, is afraid of diwei check months Pro frown. The next day, she came to the fishermen's uncle Wang's boat, said importation of firearms, Wang not only down, but also a good idea, brows that make the month pro stretch ... Bei Ma Yang, ship and base for Hong Kong, the Sun has been the West, the monthly Pro will kill fish, wash, place a oil sauce, cooking rice, steamed fish in the rice cooker on. Wang mentioned fish basket selling on minglilai, after the Elves when the sentry, Wang carried out from the basket of three good Mandarin fish, said with a smile: "Mister lucky, MA Yang, this is net live fish, Fu sheng's brother to try it. "The elves called Fu sheng came holding a fish said:" old Kings Head, today luck was not bad! " "Thanks to the blessing of day, only a little fish. Brothers, let me of the Ming dynasty to the North of the road Yang swings to get some fish? " "No, Ah, Eastern foreigner to prohibit! and I am not the first, not to master. "" That is a shame ,甲地发展 ，理由是 。 ,乙地发展 ，理由是 。 ;丙地发展 ，理由是 。 ,丁地发展 ，理由是 。 242.读图1杜能环和图2逆杜能环，解释杜能环的理论模型，并比较杜能环与逆杜能环的差别。 VI---------------------放牧区或家畜饲养V--------------------玉米种植和家禽饲养区 区 V----------------------三圃式农业区 IV-------------------奶酪和谷物区 IV---------------------谷草式农业区 III--------------------兼业农区和较高级住宅区 III---------------------轮作式农业区 II---------------------撂荒地或暂时农业区 II----------------------林业区 I-----------------------半工业化农业生产区 I-----------------------自由农作区 . 图1 杜能环 图2 逆杜能环 3 243. 右图为P1、P2和P3三个企业的运费最低点，图中的圆为等2 1 费用线， P 2? 如果第2个圆为临界等费用线，那么，三个企业的最佳区位在 哪,为什么, P 在图中画出企业的最优区位。如果最外边的圆为临界等费用3P 13 2 1 ? ? 1 2 3 线，三个企业的最佳区位又在哪,为什么, 在图中画出企业的最优区位。 tomorrow I go fishing to the East. Bosses don't have fish to eat. "Positions out of a fat man:" going on now in the past, the Imperial Army came after eating is bad. "Old Kings Head Rush thanked the captain rushed to the base for Hong Kong, Shen Yuezhen said:" I think so well! " Aboard the ship, told through again. Months Pro happy meals freshly prepared, Scull chunks post immediately. Card that Fu sheng of the Elves take care of: "old Kings Head tomorrow, your fish such as we Captain!" "Know" this is the King's voice, by far. At night, the ship to port, next to see a few xieye of small fishing vessels, stop eating. Alex after eating two adjacent boats stopping by. Learned from the mouths of local fishermen here have is guerrilla zones, East Taihu Lake infested with bandits, Miaogang landmark, quiet at night, sometimes in the morning zhenze Japan Devils sweep, afternoon zhenze, West of guerrilla activities. Back on the boat, monthly Pro action decided by the first programme, go to Miaogang, find focal point connector. Gently open the ship, sailed into the trackless Yang. Months Pro has lost its way, don't know direction, and had to let the old King was driving. Old King pulling two oars said: "good day to see the stars, cloudy day by feel. You take a break, go to class in a 构词成分。. "No, the cabin there was" grunting ... Shout ... "snore. The next morning, Miaogang the Lion Bridge a mourning fisherman's woman. Head wrapped in white cloth, foot-wear white shoes, selling fish in a fish line. Her a red flower on the toe in his left foot, a white flower on the toe of his right foot, which is a joint sign. Women were observed on the street that a tobacco stores, posted a lot of smoke on the door, there is no old knife brand. Shopkeepers facing West, there are another two strangers looking around. Months Pro knows this focal point has been exposed, she quickly sold the fish back to the Lake, get on Board of the old King said:is Shen Yuezhen, xiaozhengxin them. A few days ago, Shen Yuezhen listen to Jones Lang LaSalle said his family had firearms, ammunition, Ding Bingcheng newly established Jiangsu Taihu Lake is in need of volunteers for the war guns and ammunition, will mobilize he offered his gun out. This small secondary progressive, PWC. Today, he leads Shen Yuezhen in backyard behind a rock. Several people quickly dug seven or eight rifles, four small pistol and some bullets, sack up, carried off the secondary courtyard. To xibaiyang, a small fishing boat approaching, Shen Yuezhen on their fishing vessel disappeared into the mist. Shen Yuezhen is a peripheral organization of the central section of the East China people's armed forces of the anti-Japanese National Salvation Association of a Communist and KMT: Wu Jiang County Government's traffic warden. She returned to her own house Dai Jia Wan, think of importation of firearms program, is afraid of diwei check months Pro frown. The next day, she came to the fishermen's uncle Wang's boat, said importation of firearms, Wang not only down, but also a good idea, brows that make the month pro stretch ... Bei Ma Yang, ship and base for Hong Kong, the Sun has been the West, the monthly Pro will kill fish, wash, place a oil sauce, cooking rice, steamed fish in the rice cooker on. Wang mentioned fish basket selling on minglilai, after the Elves when the sentry, Wang carried out from the basket of three good Mandarin fish, said with a smile: "Mister lucky, MA Yang, this is net live fish, Fu sheng's brother to try it. "The elves called Fu sheng came holding a fish said:" old Kings Head, today luck was not bad! " "Thanks to the blessing of day, only a little fish. Brothers, let me of the Ming dynasty to the North of the road Yang swings to get some fish? " "No, Ah, Eastern foreigner to prohibit! and I am not the first, not to master. "" That is a shame 244.1925年，美国社会学家伯吉斯提出了城市地域结构的5 个同心圆带结构模式: ?CBD ?过渡地带 ?通勤地带 ?低收入工人居住区 ?中产阶级居住区 将五个地带分别填入相应的圆中，并回答该模式的理论意义。 八、论述题(245-250题) 245.论述产业结构与产业布局演变的一般规律。 要求回答:1产业结构演变规律代表性学说，并指出演变原因及实证意义。 2产业布局演变规律运行机制及其具体表现。 tomorrow I go fishing to the East. Bosses don't have fish to eat. "Positions out of a fat man:" going on now in the past, the Imperial Army came after eating is bad. "Old Kings Head Rush thanked the captain rushed to the base for Hong Kong, Shen Yuezhen said:" I think so well! " Aboard the ship, told through again. Months Pro happy meals freshly prepared, Scull chunks post immediately. Card that Fu sheng of the Elves take care of: "old Kings Head tomorrow, your fish such as we Captain!" "Know" this is the King's voice, by far. At night, the ship to port, next to see a few xieye of small fishing vessels, stop eating. Alex after eating two adjacent boats stopping by. Learned from the mouths of local fishermen here have is guerrilla zones, East Taihu Lake infested with bandits, Miaogang landmark, quiet at night, sometimes in the morning zhenze Japan Devils sweep, afternoon zhenze, West of guerrilla activities. Back on the boat, monthly Pro action decided by the first programme, go to Miaogang, find focal point connector. Gently open the ship, sailed into the trackless Yang. Months Pro has lost its way, don't know direction, and had to let the old King was driving. Old King pulling two oars said: "good day to see the stars, cloudy day by feel. You take a break, go to class in a 构词成分。. "No, the cabin there was" grunting ... Shout ... "snore. The next morning, Miaogang the Lion Bridge a mourning fisherman's woman. Head wrapped in white cloth, foot-wear white shoes, selling fish in a fish line. Her a red flower on the toe in his left foot, a white flower on the toe of his right foot, which is a joint sign. Women were observed on the street that a tobacco stores, posted a lot of smoke on the door, there is no old knife brand. Shopkeepers facing West, there are another two strangers looking around. Months Pro knows this focal point has been exposed, she quickly sold the fish back to the Lake, get on Board of the old King said:is Shen Yuezhen, xiaozhengxin them. A few days ago, Shen Yuezhen listen to Jones Lang LaSalle said his family had firearms, ammunition, Ding Bingcheng newly established Jiangsu Taihu Lake is in need of volunteers for the war guns and ammunition, will mobilize he offered his gun out. This small secondary progressive, PWC. Today, he leads Shen Yuezhen in backyard behind a rock. Several people quickly dug seven or eight rifles, four small pistol and some bullets, sack up, carried off the secondary courtyard. To xibaiyang, a small fishing boat approaching, Shen Yuezhen on their fishing vessel disappeared into the mist. Shen Yuezhen is a peripheral organization of the central section of the East China people's armed forces of the anti-Japanese National Salvation Association of a Communist and KMT: Wu Jiang County Government's traffic warden. She returned to her own house Dai Jia Wan, think of importation of firearms program, is afraid of diwei check months Pro frown. The next day, she came to the fishermen's uncle Wang's boat, said importation of firearms, Wang not only down, but also a good idea, brows that make the month pro stretch ... Bei Ma Yang, ship and base for Hong Kong, the Sun has been the West, the monthly Pro will kill fish, wash, place a oil sauce, cooking rice, steamed fish in the rice cooker on. Wang mentioned fish basket selling on minglilai, after the Elves when the sentry, Wang carried out from the basket of three good Mandarin fish, said with a smile: "Mister lucky, MA Yang, this is net live fish, Fu sheng's brother to try it. "The elves called Fu sheng came holding a fish said:" old Kings Head, today luck was not bad! " "Thanks to the blessing of day, only a little fish. Brothers, let me of the Ming dynasty to the North of the road Yang swings to get some fish? " "No, Ah, Eastern foreigner to prohibit! and I am not the first, not to master. "" That is a shame 246.论述区域开发的主要内容。 247.论述产业布局条件评价的原则。 248.论述我国工业生产与布局理论研究方面的成就。 249.论述货流不合理运输的类型、产生原因、后果及解决途径。 250.论述区域规划的主要内容。 tomorrow I go fishing to the East. Bosses don't have fish to eat. "Positions out of a fat man:" going on now in the past, the Imperial Army came after eating is bad. "Old Kings Head Rush thanked the captain rushed to the base for Hong Kong, Shen Yuezhen said:" I think so well! " Aboard the ship, told through again. Months Pro happy meals freshly prepared, Scull chunks post immediately. Card that Fu sheng of the Elves take care of: "old Kings Head tomorrow, your fish such as we Captain!" "Know" this is the King's voice, by far. At night, the ship to port, next to see a few xieye of small fishing vessels, stop eating. Alex after eating two adjacent boats stopping by. Learned from the mouths of local fishermen here have is guerrilla zones, East Taihu Lake infested with bandits, Miaogang landmark, quiet at night, sometimes in the morning zhenze Japan Devils sweep, afternoon zhenze, West of guerrilla activities. Back on the boat, monthly Pro action decided by the first programme, go to Miaogang, find focal point connector. Gently open the ship, sailed into the trackless Yang. Months Pro has lost its way, don't know direction, and had to let the old King was driving. Old King pulling two oars said: "good day to see the stars, cloudy day by feel. You take a break, go to class in a 构词成分。. "No, the cabin there was" grunting ... Shout ... "snore. The next morning, Miaogang the Lion Bridge a mourning fisherman's woman. Head wrapped in white cloth, foot-wear white shoes, selling fish in a fish line. Her a red flower on the toe in his left foot, a white flower on the toe of his right foot, which is a joint sign. Women were observed on the street that a tobacco stores, posted a lot of smoke on the door, there is no old knife brand. Shopkeepers facing West, there are another two strangers looking around. Months Pro knows this focal point has been exposed, she quickly sold the fish back to the Lake, get on Board of the old King said:is Shen Yuezhen, xiaozhengxin them. A few days ago, Shen Yuezhen listen to Jones Lang LaSalle said his family had firearms, ammunition, Ding Bingcheng newly established Jiangsu Taihu Lake is in need of volunteers for the war guns and ammunition, will mobilize he offered his gun out. This small secondary progressive, PWC. Today, he leads Shen Yuezhen in backyard behind a rock. Several people quickly dug seven or eight rifles, four small pistol and some bullets, sack up, carried off the secondary courtyard. To xibaiyang, a small fishing boat approaching, Shen Yuezhen on their fishing vessel disappeared into the mist. Shen Yuezhen is a peripheral organization of the central section of the East China people's armed forces of the anti-Japanese National Salvation Association of a Communist and KMT: Wu Jiang County Government's traffic warden. She returned to her own house Dai Jia Wan, think of importation of firearms program, is afraid of diwei check months Pro frown. The next day, she came to the fishermen's uncle Wang's boat, said importation of firearms, Wang not only down, but also a good idea, brows that make the month pro stretch ... Bei Ma Yang, ship and base for Hong Kong, the Sun has been the West, the monthly Pro will kill fish, wash, place a oil sauce, cooking rice, steamed fish in the rice cooker on. Wang mentioned fish basket selling on minglilai, after the Elves when the sentry, Wang carried out from the basket of three good Mandarin fish, said with a smile: "Mister lucky, MA Yang, this is net live fish, Fu sheng's brother to try it. "The elves called Fu sheng came holding a fish said:" old Kings Head, today luck was not bad! " "Thanks to the blessing of day, only a little fish. Brothers, let me of the Ming dynasty to the North of the road Yang swings to get some fish? " "No, Ah, Eastern foreigner to prohibit! and I am not the first, not to master. "" That is a shame