GMW_3232_内饰材料燃烧特性

Test Method Materials GMW3232 Test Method for Determining the Flammability of Interior Trim Materials 1 Scope This test method shall be used to determine the hor- izontal burn rate of materials used in the passenger compartment of motor vehicles after exposure to a small flame. Note: Nothing in this test method supersedes appli- cable laws and regulations unless a specific exemp- tion has been obtained. Note: In the event of a conflict between the Eng- lish and the domestic language, the English language shall take precedence. 1.1 Applicability. The method permits testing of materials and parts of the vehicle interior, individually or in combination up to a thickness of 13 mm. It is normally only applicable to materials and parts within a 13 mm range to the passenger compartment air space. 1.1.1 Testing Frequency. All sources supplying parts or materials to this requirement must perform routine quality control testing to confirm compliance of each lot of material or parts produced. 1.1.2 Lot Identification. Each lot of material shall remain readily available and identifiable, until the tests are complete so it may be retrieved in the event of inspection and/or test failure. Each lot of material shall have a unique identification. 1.1.3 Use of Incoming Material Test Data. When a source location can demonstrate that their process does not adversely affect flammability, the source location may use test data from each lot of incoming material. 1.2 Definitions. Burn Rate: The burn rate, expressed in mm/minute is the quotient of the burnt distance measured according to this test method, and the time taken to burn this distance. Passenger Compartment Air Space: The Pas- senger Compartment Air Space is the space within the passenger compartment that normally contains refreshable air. Composite Material: A composite material is a material composed of more than one layer intimately held together at every point of contact by cementing, bonding, cladding, welding etc. When layers are intermittently held together (e.g. by sewing, high frequency welding, riveting) they are not considered to be composite materials, and must be tested individually. Exposed Side: The Exposed Side is the side which is facing towards the passenger compartment when the material is mounted in the vehicle as per the intended component design. Lot: A lot is a batch, a jumbo roll or a quantity of material which has been produced from the same base compound material and is homogeneous in nature. 2 References Note: Only the latest approved standards are appli- cable unless otherwise specified. 2.1 External Standards/Specifications. FMVSS 302 2.2 GM Group Standards/Specifications. GM6090M GM9070P GMI60261 GMW3221 ISC-C93-001 LTP.EM.129 STD 232 2.3 Additional References. Contran Resolution 675/86 3 Test Equipment 3.1 Facilities. 3.1.1 Test Cabinet. One configuration satisfying these requirements is shown in Figure 3 to Figure 5 in Appendix A. The test cabinet consists of a rectangular steel cab- inet of approx. internal dimensions 381 mm long, 203 mm deep and 356 mm high. It shall have a heat resisting glass observation window, a closable open- ing to permit insertion of the test specimen mounting © Copyright 2005 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved Publication Department: North American Engineering Standards, Records and Documentation August 2005 Page 1 of 14 PRD045 - VPRE ST 1 10/03Copyright GM Worldwide Provided by IHS under license with GMW Sold to:ITW AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS/ROETT., 01618670 Not for Resale,2007/1/23 16:4:36 GMTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS - - ` ` , , , ` , ` ` , , ` , ` ` ` , ` ` ` , - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - - GMW3232 GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS fixture and a hole to accommodate tubing for a gas burner. A 13 mm clearance space around the top of the cabinet, ten 19 mm diameter holes in the base of the cabinet and legs to elevate the bottom of the cab- inet by 10 mm are to be provided for ventilation. 3.1.2 Apparatus for conditioning as required and to the appropriate requirements as described in GMW3221-Code A, unless otherwise specified in the relevant material specification. 3.1.3 Drying oven capable of maintaining the speci- fied temperature within the specified tolerances. 3.1.4 Chemical Fume Cupboard. Chemical fume cupboard suitable for mounting the test cabinet to avoid the penetration of combustion products to the laboratory during test. A natural venting hood is permissible provided adequate ventilation is assured. Any forced air ventilation shall be the minimum required for venting. 3.2 Equipment. 3.2.1 Test Specimen Mounting Fixture. One con- figuration satisfying these requirements is shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 in Appendix A: This shall consist of two matching U-shaped frames of metal (e.g. aluminum) stock 25 mm wide and 10 mm thick. The interior dimensions of the U-shaped frames shall be 51 mm wide by 330 mm long. Gauge lines shall be marked (e.g. by slots) on the upper frame 38 and 292 mm respectively from its open end. In order to support sub size test specimens and those that soften and bend during test, the lower frame shall have the means to accommodate thin heat resistance wires that span the width of the U-shaped frame at 25 mm intervals. (Grooves cut into the lower frame to accommodate 0.2 mm, e.g. nickel-chrome, ther- mowire are recommended). 3.2.2 Support Stand. One configuration satisfying these requirements is shown in Figure 8 in Appendix A: A metal stand to locate and support the test specimen mounting fixture (3.2.1) in the center of the cabinet during test, is required. 3.2.3 In order to detect when the flame front has pro- gressed to each of the gauge lines, it is recommended to use lightweight cotton thread counterbalanced with approx. 14 g weights spanning the full width of the lower frame at the gauge lines (see Figure 6 in Appendix A). 3.2.4 A stopwatch calibrated to an accuracy of 0.5 s. 3.2.5 Bunsen burner with a tube of (10.0 ± 0.5) mm inside diameter and provided with a gas adjusting valve to give a flame (38 ± 1) mm high when the tube is vertical and the air inlet to the burner is closed. 3.2.6 Gas to provide a flame temperature equivalent to, or exceeding, that of natural gas. 3.2.7 Metal comb with seven to eight smooth rounded teeth per 25 mm. 3.2.8 Cutting dies or shears for preparation of test specimens. 4 Test Material 4.1 Test Vehicle/Test Specimen. 4.1.1 Wherever possible, from the available mate- rial or component, rectangular test specimens (355 ± 2) mm long and (100 ± 2) mm wide, shall be taken. The thickness of the test specimens shall be that of the single or composite material used in the vehicle, except when the materials or composites thickness exceeds 13 mm. Then the test specimens shall be cut down to 13 mm, measured from the surface of the specimen closest to the passenger compartment air space. 4.1.2 Where it is not possible to obtain flat test spec- imens due to surface curvature, the test specimens shall be cut to not more than 13 mm in thickness at any point. As far as possible the test specimens shall be of uniform thickness. 4.1.3 Testing of Smaller Sized Samples. 4.1.3.1 General Requirements. The maximum available length or width of test specimens shall be used where either dimension is less than (355 ± 2) and (100 ± 2) mm respectively. 4.1.3.2 Specific Japanese Legal Requirements. The minimum acceptable sample size shall be 25 mm in width and 293 mm in length. 4.1.3.3 Specific Brazilian Legal Requirements (CONTRAN Resolution 675/86). The minimum acceptable sample size shall be 3 mm in width, but samples 3 to 60 mm wide shall be (355 ± 2) mm long, and samples 60 to 100 mm wide shall be at least 138 mm long. 4.1.4 Where sample sizes or shapes restrict the abil- ity to test, molded plaques of raw material shall be made 100 mm in width and 355 in length with a thick- ness no greater than the thinnest component cross section from the actual part for which the plaque is being substituted. © Copyright 2005 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved Page 2 of 14 August 2005 PRD045 - VPRE ST G 10/03 Copyright GM Worldwide Provided by IHS under license with GMW Sold to:ITW AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS/ROETT., 01618670 Not for Resale,2007/1/23 16:4:36 GMTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS - - ` ` , , , ` , ` ` , , ` , ` ` ` , ` ` ` , - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - - GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW3232 In sampling the test panels it shall be ensured that they are fully representative of the material or com- posite under test. 4.1.5 In the case of materials made of superimposed layers of different materials which are not composite materials, all the layers of the materials included within a depth of 13 mm from the surface facing towards the passenger compartment air space shall be tested individually. 4.1.6 Test specimens shall be cut from materials or composites both in production direction and perpen- dicular to this (e.g. warp and weft direction, longitu- dinal and transverse direction etc.) if possible. The material direction of the longitudinal and transverse test specimens must be clearly marked in a manner to identify their original orientation within the roll as shown in Figure 1. shown in Figure 1. There must be no ink markings within the test area of the speci- men. 4.1.7 The requirement concerning transmission of a flame front shall not apply to a surface created by the cutting of a test specimen for purposes of testing. 4.1.8 Materials or composites with napped or tufted surface shall be placed on a flat surface and combed twice against the nap with a comb having seven to eight smooth rounded teeth per 25 mm. Figure 1: Example of Sampling The following apply to Figure 1: 1 e.g. Material Roll 2 Material Direction 3 Longitudinal Test Specimens 4 Transverse Test Specimens 5 Test Method 5.1 Summary of Test Method. In this test method a small flame used to ignite a strip of material which is placed on an open metal frame in the horizontal posi- tion. If the flame propagates beyond the timing mark, the rate of flame travel along the length direction is calculated. 5.2 Test Sample Preparation. 5.2.1 Conditioning. Immediately prior to tests all test specimens shall be conditioned for a minimum of 24 h according to GMW3221-Code A. 5.2.2 Ageing. In addition to tests conducted in the as received condition, all materials shall additionally be tested for flammability after the following artificial condition: The test cycle shall commence with (48 ± 1) h at (+40 ± 3) C and (93 ± 5) % relative humidity, followed by (168 ± 1) h at (+90 ± 3) C and completed without interruption. © Copyright 2005 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved August 2005 Page 3 of 14 PRD045 - VPRE ST U 10/03 Copyright GM Worldwide Provided by IHS under license with GMW Sold to:ITW AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS/ROETT., 01618670 Not for Resale,2007/1/23 16:4:36 GMTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --``,,,`,``,,`,```,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- GMW3232 GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS 5.3 Test Procedure. 5.3.1 Quantity of Test Specimens. 5.3.1.1 Initial Approval and Arbitration. For initial sample approval and arbitration purposes, at least five test specimens from both the longitudinal and lat- eral direction, as received and after ageing shall be tested. 5.3.1.2 Routine Quality Control. For quality control purposes, at least two specimens from both the trans- verse and longitudinal direction in the as received condition shall be tested from each production lot. For the samples from any one direction, half of the sam- ples must have the burn direction 180 degrees from the burn direction of the other half of the samples. The test shall be performed and the material must comply with the requirements of paragraphs 6.1.1.2 and 6.1.1.2.1 of this specification prior to the release of the lot from the manufacturing facility. 5.3.1.2.1 Inherently Flame Resistant Materials. Materials which contain no added flame retardant additives and exhibit no burn rates in excess of 75 mm/minute during approval testing and after qual- ity control testing of twenty successive production lots, shall be considered Inherently Flame Resis- tance. No further production quality control testing shall be required. 5.3.2 Conditions. 5.3.2.1 Test shall be conducted at ambient conditions according to GMW3221-Code A. 5.3.3 Instructions. 5.3.3.1 Mount the test specimen, the surface clos- est to the passenger compartment air space facing downward, so that both sides and one end are held by the U-shaped frame, and one end is even with the open end of the frame. Where the maximum available width of the test specimen is not more than 50 mm, so that the sides of the test specimen cannot be held in the U-shaped frame, place the test specimen in posi- tion on the wire supports with one end held by the closed end of the U-shaped frame. Test specimens shorter than 355 mm shall be positioned so that one end aligns with the open end of the U-shaped frame. 5.3.3.1.1 Test specimens with an identifiable material orientation (e.g. warp and weft direction, longitudinal and transverse direction) should be tested as follows: Specimens from any one direction (e.g. warp and weft direction, longitudinal and transverse direction - see 4.1.6 and Figure 1) must be tested in alternate material directions (right to left versus left to right, and nearest to farthest versus farthest to nearest). That means for example the longitudinal test specimens should be alternatively tested in both the material and opposite material directions. The same is valid for the transverse direction: In this case, using the flame as a reference point, the material direction of the test specimens shall be alternatively tested from both the right to left and left to right directions. If the material does not display an identifiable direction, the samples should be tested randomly with respect to the direc- tion of burn and a notation of this exception made on the test report. 5.3.3.2 If the two counter balanced cotton threads are used (see 3.2.3), place them over the test specimen at the gauge marks. 5.3.3.3 Place the upper U-shaped frame onto the lower frame so that both frames are matching and the test specimen is firmly clamped. If necessary, align the threads in the grooved gauge marks in the upper frame. 5.3.3.4 Place the mounted test specimen on the sup- port stand in a horizontal position in the center of the test cabinet. 5.3.3.5 Ignite the burner and adjust the flame height to (38 ± 1) mm with the air inlet to the burner closed. 5.3.3.6 Position the burner and the test specimen so that the center of the burner nozzle is (19 ± 1) mm below the center of the bottom edge of the open end of the test specimen. 5.3.3.7 Expose the test specimen to the flame for (15 ± 1) s, then remove or extinguish the burner. 5.3.3.8 Begin timing (without reference to the period of application of the burner flame) when the flame front from the burning test specimen reaches the first gauge mark (i.e. 38 mm from the open end of the test specimen). If used the first thread will break allowing the weight to fall. 5.3.3.9 Measure the time taken for the flame front to reach the second gauge mark (i.e. 38 mm from clamped end of test specimen). If used the second thread will break allowing weight to fall. If the flame front does not reach the second gauge mark, time its progress to the point where flaming stops and measure the length of the flame travel to this point, starting from the first gauge mark. If the time taken for the flame front to reach the sec- ond gauge mark exceeds 4 minutes, the test may be terminated and must be noted as terminated on the test report. The burn distance and elapsed time must be measured, and this information must be included on the test report too. © Copyright 2005 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved Page 4 of 14 August 2005 PRD045 - VPRE ST G 10/03 Copyright GM Worldwide Provided by IHS under license with GMW Sold to:ITW AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS/ROETT., 01618670 Not for Resale,2007/1/23 16:4:36 GMTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS - - ` ` , , , ` , ` ` , , ` , ` ` ` , ` ` ` , - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - - GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW3232 6 Evaluation and Rating 6.1 Data. 6.1.1 Targets. 6.1.1.1 Unless otherwise specifically agreed, the material under test shall be deemed to pass only if all test specimens tested conform with the following requirements: 6.1.1.1.1 Material described in 1.1 shall not burn, nor transmit a flame front across its surface, at a rate of more than 100 mm/min, if no lower burn rate is spec- ified in the relevant material specification. 6.1.1.1.2 Also the sum of the arithmetical mean value plus threefold the standard deviation, defined as BStat, within each set of five specimens, from the same material direction and aging condition, shall not exceed a burn rate of 100 mm/min. In addition, if the resulting data for any given set of five specimens contains less than three positive burn rates, and any of the observed burn rates within that set of specimens exceeds 75 mm/minute, an additional five specimens taken from the same material direction and aging condition shall be tested. The final result will then be based on the mean plus threefold the standard deviation of all observed measurable burn rates from the combined set of ten test specimens. 6.1.1.1.3 In computing both the mean value and the standard deviation, test specimens with no measur- able burn rate are excluded from the calculation. This includes samples that fail to ignite (DNI), those that do not burn to the first gauge mark (SE), and those that do not burn more than 50 mm in less than 60 s from the point where timing was started (SENBR). 6.1.1.1.4 Computing the mean value and the stan- dard deviation from the same material direction and aging condition is only applicable, if at least 3 test specimens exhibit a measurable burn rate (exclude DNI, SE, SENBR). Otherwise only the maximum burn rate Bmax, (calculated from formula in 6.1.2.1) shall be recorded as test result. 6.1.1.2 Routine Quality Control. Material described in 1.1 shall not burn, nor transmit a flame front across its surface, at a rate of more than 100 mm/min, if no lower burn rate is specified in the relevant material specification. 6.1.1.2.1 Also burn rates must not exceed the BStat value for the as received condition and respective burn direction as determined from the initial approval sample (6.1.2.4) or 75mm per minute if the respective Bstat value is less than 75mm per minute or if Bstat could not be calculated from the initial approval sam- ple. 6.1.2 Evaluation. 6.1.2.1 Calculate the burn rate from the formula: B = Burn rate in mm/minutes S = Length the flame travels in mm T = Time in s for the flame to travel S mm 6.1.2.2 Calculate the mean value from the formula: Xm = Arithmetical mean value of test results from the same material direction and aging condition Xi = Individual test result n = Number of test specimens 6.1.2.3 Calculate the standard deviation from the for- mula: s = Standard deviation of test results from the same material direction and aging condition 6.1.2.4 Calculate the statistical burn rate of test results from each material direction and aging condi- tion using the formula: © Copyright 2005 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved August 2005 Page 5 of 14 PRD045 - VPRE ST U 10/03 Copyright GM Worldwide Provided by IHS under license with GMW Sold to:ITW AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS/ROETT., 01618670 Not for Resale,2007/1/23 16:4:36 GMTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS - - ` ` , , , ` , ` ` , , ` , ` ` ` , ` ` ` , - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - - GMW3232 GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS 6.1.2.5 Repo