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薪火教案(9,10)——動名詞和現在分詞

2012-08-06 18页 doc 216KB 44阅读

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薪火教案(9,10)——動名詞和現在分詞薪火教案(9、10)——非谓语动词之动名词和现在分词 动名词:作主语、宾语、表语、用途定语等名词性成分。 现在分词:作定语、状语、补语、表语等非名词性成分。 1, 动名词定义: 1,如果一个动词加上了ing变成了名词,那么这个词称动名词。 它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰。 动名词有时态和语态的变化。    英语中的动名词是由动词变化而来,它仍一方面保留着动词的某些特征,具有动词的某些变化形式,用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念,另一方面动名词在句子的用法及功能类同与名词: 在句子可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。它...
薪火教案(9,10)——動名詞和現在分詞
薪火(9、10)——非谓语动词之动名词和现在分词 动名词:作主语、宾语、语、用途定语等名词性成分。 现在分词:作定语、状语、补语、表语等非名词性成分。 1, 动名词定义: 1,如果一个动词加上了ing变成了名词,那么这个词称动名词。 它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰。 动名词有时态和语态的变化。    中的动名词是由动词变化而来,它仍一方面保留着动词的某些特征,具有动词的某些变化形式,用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念,另一方面动名词在句子的用法及功能类同与名词: 在句子可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。它也可以被副词修饰或者支配宾语。    例如:They run into constant discrimination in(在…方面) trying to find a job or friend.    在寻找工作和结交朋友方面,他们不断地遇到歧视。    Living in gigs means 【having one room in someone's house】(作宾语).    寄居的意思是在别人的家里借住一间房间。   2,口诀: 用作主语请留意,常用it作形式主语,不指未来发生事,表达的信息是已知。 用作表语请记清,作用相当一名词,检验方法很简单,主与表换位能成立。用作定语也易辩,表示名词之用途。用作宾语稍复杂,关键留意谓语动词(跟动名词作宾语的常用动词附后)。 时态同谓动作比较,先于谓动用完成式,其逻辑主语不固定,在句中/句外均有之。 否定式其前加not,复合式其前加物主词,非句首宾格词也可用,尤其口语中更如此。   动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 2, 时态和语态:  1, 动名词的一般式: doing    所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,或在谓语动词表示的动作之后。如:    We are very interested in collecting stamps.    我们对集邮很感兴趣。    His coming will be of great help to us .    他来对我们大有帮助。   但是有些明确表示时间的动词和介词 after,on,upon,或for之后,常用一般式代替完成式,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。如:    I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.    我永远不会忘记第一次看到长城的情景。    On hearing that bad news,the mother couldn’t help crying.    一听到这个糟糕的消息,母亲就禁不住哭了起来。    Excuse me for coming late.    我来晚了,请原谅。    Thank you for giving us so much help.    谢谢你给了我们这么多帮助。  2, 动名词的完成式: having done    所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束。    He regrets not having taken part in the work.    他后悔没有参加这项工作。   We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time.   我们因提前完成了这项工作而受到了表扬。   3, 动名词的被动式:being done   当动名词的逻辑主语是行为承受者时,用被动语态。如:   I like being given harder work.   我喜欢接受难点的工作。   She is proud of being admitted into the university.   她为被大学录取而感到自豪。   The meeting was put off without his having been consulted.   会议延期并未和他商量。   He doesn’t mind having been criticized.   他不介意过去受到的批评。 三,语法功能: 1,作主语 (1)于句首: 【Reading】 is an art. 读书是一种艺术。    【Climbing mountains】 is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。    【Working in these conditions】 is not a pleasure but a suffer. 在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。 (2)形式主语,主语用动名词,不用不定式,某些可用,情况较为宽松。   It is no use/no good 【crying over spilt milk】. 覆水难收   It is a waste of time 【persuading such a person to join us】. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。   It was hard 【getting on the crowded street car】. 上这种拥挤的车真难。   It is fun 【playing with children】. 和孩子们一起玩真好。   There is no 【joking about such matters】. 对这种事情不是开玩笑。   常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有:better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile,等。   注意:important,essential,necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构,必须用不定式。    (3) 用于“There be”结构中。   There is no 【saying when he'll come】.很难说他何时回来。    (4) 用于警告形式的省略结构中。例如:   No smoking. (禁止吸烟)   No parking. (禁止停车)    (5)动名词的复合结构作主语    在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构。   Eg:Their(所有格) 【coming to help】 was a great encouragement to us. = That they came to help was a great encouragement to us.    (6)动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较   在意义上相近。 但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较:    Smoking is not good for health.(表示对公众,普遍性)    It is not good for you to smoke so much.(特指for you)   注意:   1) 在口语中,用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见。   2) 在“It is no use...”,“It is no good...”,“It is fun...”,“It is a waste of time...”等句型中,通常用动名词作真实主语:   3) 在疑问句中,通常用动名词的复合结构,而不用不定式的复合结构作主语:    Does your 【saying that(等同名词)】 mean anything to him?   4) 在“There be”句型中,只能用动名词,而不能用不定式作主语:   There is no(后接名词) 【telling what will happen】.   It is impossible to tell what will happen.   5) 当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时,要遵循前后一致的原则,主语和表语在形式上要求统一:    Seeing is believing.    To see is to believe. 2,作宾语    (1)作动词的宾语    某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有: Admit(允许),appreciate(赞赏),excuse(原谅,辩解),stand,advise,allow, permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,give up,cannot help,imagine,include,keep, understand,keep on,mind,report,risk,miss,put off,delay,practise, resist(抵抗),suggest,depend on,think about,set about,succeed in,worry about, burst out,insist on,can't help,feel like,be used to,get used to,devote…to…, look forward to,pay attention to,get down to,escape 等。如: 【如allow,allow sb to do(允许某人去做某事);allow doing(允许某事)】    They went on walking and never stopped talking.    他们继续走,说个不停。   Mark often attempts to escape 【being fined】 whenever he breaks traffic regulations.    每当马克违反交通规则时,他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。(attempt to; escape doing)   有些动名词之后既可接动词不定式,又可接动名词,可把这类动词分为三种类型:两种形式所表达的含义基本相同,可以互换。这类动词有:   attempt ,begin,cease,continue,intend,omit,start,cannot bear,decline,disdain,loathe,neglect,commence。例如:   They ceased talking/to talk.   他们停止说话。   Prices will continue to rise/rising.   物价将继续上扬。   What do you intend to do/doing next?   你下一步打算干什么?   宾语用不定式和动名词所表达的含义略有变化。用不定式作宾语时,表示特定的一次性的未来动作(因为to有“去”的意思);用动名词则表示一般的行为,或者是目前正在进行的行为。也可以说,动名词表示泛指的动作,而不定式表示特指的动作。常这样用的动词有:   hate,like,love,prefer,dread等。例如:   Woula you like to go with me?   你想跟我一起走吗?   He preferred to do this rather than do that.   他宁愿做这件事,而不愿做那件事。   (2)作介词的宾语    A,动词+介词+动名词    例如:The rain prevented us from 【completing the work】.    下雨妨碍我们完成工作。    B,形容词+介词+动名词    例如:I know who is responsible for 【breaking the window】.    我知道窗户是谁打开的。    C,名词+介词+动名词    例如:There are many ways of 【doing it】.    有许多方法可以做这件事。    We are thinking of 【making a new plan】 for the next term.    我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。    (3)作形容词的宾语    The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。(worth doing)    We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。(busy doing) 3,作表语(带有名词性质)    动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。 表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。   Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)   What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 4,作定语   动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如:   a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking   a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing   a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading   a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring   sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping 四,动名词的否定结构   动名词的否定结构由not 动名词组成。如:   Trying without success is better than not trying at all.    实验没有成功也比不实验好。   He hated himself for not having work hard.    他悔恨自己没有用功。   I’m sorry for not having telephoned you before.    很抱歉,没有早给你打电话。   He felt sorry for not having done the work well.    他为没有把工作做好感到难过。   I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going.    我看不去对你倒好了。(not going 是动名词一般式的否定形式)   There is no denying the fact that he si diligent. (no denying 也是动名词一般式的否定) 五,动名词复合结构   通常情况下,动名词的逻辑主语为谓语动词的主语。如果动名词动作的发出者不是谓语动的主语时,则需要有自己的逻辑主语物主代词或名词所有格加动名词就构成了动名词的复合结构,这种结构在句中可以作主语,宾语等。   1.逻辑主语是有生命的名词作主语时,必须用名词或代词所有格,作宾语时(尤其在口语中),也可用名词普通个或人称代词宾格。如:   Do you think my 【going there】 will be of any help?   你看我去会有什么帮助吗?(宾语)   The student’s 【knowing English】 well helps him in learning French.   这位学生通晓英语对他学法语很有帮助。(主语)   Do you mind my(me) smoking   你介意我抽烟吗?(宾语)   They insist on Mary’s (Mary) going with them there.   他们坚持要玛丽跟他们一起去那儿。(介词宾语)   2.逻辑主语是无生命名词是,通常只用名词普通格。(作定語)如:   Do you hear the rain 【pattering on the roof】?   你听见雨点打在屋顶上了吗?   Is there any hope of our team 【winning the match】?   我们对赢得比赛有希望吗?   3.逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this that,somebody,someone,nobody,none,anybody,anyone 时,只用普通格。(作定語)如:   She was woken up by somebody 【shouting outside】.   她被外面喊叫的人吵醒了。   六,现在分词的定义: 1,现在分词(Present Participle,又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ,是分词的一种,在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分(定语,表语,补语和状语)。 一般式:doing; 一般被动式:being done; 完成式:having done; 完成被动式:having been done。 所有否定式都是在-ing前面加not ,包括独立主格形式。   具有双重性:一面具有动词的特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语; 另一面具有形容词和副词的特征,可以充当表语,定语,状语,补足语,可以表示主动或正在进行的动作,是非谓语动词的一种。 2,构成形式   ①一般在动词原形末尾加ing,如do → doing,sing → singing,comfort → comforting   ②以不发音的e结尾的动词,先去e,再加ing,如dance→dancing,hike→hiking,write→writing,make→ making,take→taking   ※注意※ 这里的e必须不发音,若发音,则不能去掉,如see→seeing   ③以重读闭音节结尾的动词,并且末尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写这一字母,再加ing,如cut →cutting,swim →swimming   ④以ie结尾的动词,要把ie变成y再加ing,如die→dying,lie→lying.不过也有y变ie加ing的。   ⑤以ic结尾的动词,要把ic变成ick再加ing,如picnic→picnicking,traffic→trafficking   以上规则用一句话概括成的口诀就是:直接双写去e,ie变ying 七,现在分词的语法功能 1,作定语   单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前   分词短语作定语时放在后,并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系 这是区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的判断方法之一   e.g. a 【running】(单个分词) boy     the girl 【standing there】(分词短语)   * 并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句   e.g. a boy who is running      a girl who is standing there   注意1:分词的完成时不可作定语   注意2:在message letter sign news notice等词后要用现在分词作定语,不用过去分词(这是考试的易错点)   注意3:某些现在分词作定语时,已不再表示动作,已经从分词变为了形容词词性(interesting story; an exciting match;这些也可以属于现在分词作定语,但是不能转化为相应的定语从句 但是可以有三级变化(原级,比较级,最高级)和被某些副词如very修饰。【即变成了形容词】 2,作补语   高中阶段只研究分词作宾补的情况 不研究作主补的情况   只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补    1)感官动词:see hear watch feel notice observe keep find listen to look at   2)使役动词:have get catch leave set    值得注意的是:要想用现在分词来作宾补,只能是用于这些词后,但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词(有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补)   eg. I saw him singing now.      Don't have the students studying all day.    3,作表语(带有形容词性质)   (1) 分词作表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词作表语,一种是过去分词作表语,究竟是用现在分词还是用过去分词作表语是学生们经常困惑的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is interested in..., 若人/ 物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb/sth is interesting。这类词常见的有:   interesting 使人感到高兴 — interested感到高兴的   exciting令人激动的— excited感到激动的   delighting令人高兴的— delighted感到高兴的   disappointing令人失望的— disappointed感到失望的   encouraging 令人鼓舞的— encouraged感到鼓舞的   pleasing令人愉快的— pleased感到愉快的   puzzling令人费解的— puzzled感到费解的   satisfying令人满意的— satisfied感到满意的   surprising令人惊异的— surpsried感到惊异的   worring令人担心的—worrred感到担心的   如:   Traveling is interesting but tiring.   旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳   The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.   如果让学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。   The argument is very convincing.   他的论点很令人信服。   They were very excited at the news.   听到这个消息,他们非常激动。   (2) 分词作表语时,相当于形容词,不可与构成进行时态和被动语态中的分词混淆起来。它们的形式是一样但可以从意义上予以区别。试比较:   The film is moving.   这电影很感人。(表语,说明主语的性质)   They are moving next Sunday .   他们下个周日搬家。(现在进行时,表示动作)   The bookstore is now closed.   书店现在已关门了。(表语,说明主语所处的状态)   The bookstore is usually closed at 7:30 p. m. .   书店通常在下午7:30关门。(被动语态,表示动作) 4, 作状语 作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时要位于句首,且与后面用逗号隔开 能转换为一个相应的状语从句。     作结果、方式、伴随状语时要位于句尾,且与前面用逗号隔开,有时也可以不用。     ×注意分词作状语时的逻辑主语(即分词动作的发出者)一般要与句中主语保持一致. 〔这个是重点,是考试和高考的常考点,防止偷换主语〕   (1)作时间状语      eg. Walking in the street,I saw him.当我在街上走时,我看到他了.        =When/While I was walking in the street,I saw him.        =When/While walking in the street,I saw him.     ×注意主语:应翻译成”当我在街上走时,我看到他了.” 而不可以翻译为”当他在街上走时,我看到他了.”   (2)作条件状语    e.g.  Working hard, you will succeed. (只要/如果)努力工作,你就会成功        =if you work hard, you will succeed.   (3)作原因状语    e.g. Being ill,she stayed at home. (因为)生病,她留在家里 = Because she is ill, she stayed at home.   (4)作让步状语    e.g. Having failed many times, he didn't lost heart. 有很多次失败,他没有灰心。 = Though he has failed many times, he did not lost heart.   (5)作结果状语    e.g. His friend died, leaving him a lot of money, 他的朋友死了,(所以)给了他很多钱 = His friend died, and leave him a lot of money. = His friend died, so his friend left him a lot of money.   (6)作方式状语    e.g. Please answer the question using another way. 请用另一种方式回答这个问题 = Please answer the question by using another way.   (7)作伴随状语    e.g. I’m lying on the beach, drinking a cup of juice. =I’m lying on the beach, with drinking a cup of juice. 八,现在分词的两个基本特点 1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行。例如: a developing country. 一个发展中的国家, boiling water 沸水, rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。 (试比较: a developed country 一个发达国家, boiled water沸水, risen sun 升起的太阳) 2. 在语态上表示主动。例如: the ruling class 统治阶级, the exploiting class 剥削阶级。 (试比较: the ruled class 被统治阶级, the exploited class 被剥削阶级) 九,否定、时态和语态 1,否定    现在分词的否定式由“not+现在分词”构成。如:    Not knowing where to go, she went to the police for help.(状语)    她不知道该往哪儿走,就去请警察帮助。    Not seeing John, I asked where he was.(状语)    我看不见约翰,于是问他在何处。   Not being seen by anyone, the thief escaped.(状语)    那个贼趁无人看见时逃跑了。    Not having done it right,I tried again.(状语)    我由于没有做对,所以又试了试。 2,现在分词的一般式    现在分词的一般式通常表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。如:    She sat there 【reading a novel】(伴随状语).    她坐在那里看小说。(动作同时发生)    A little child 【learning to walk】(定语) often falls.    学走路的小孩常常跌跤。(主动态发生) 3,现在分词的完成式    现在分词的完成式表示其动作在谓语动词的动作之前完成。    Having finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV.    做完作业后,这个小女孩开始看电视。(强调先后顺序)    Having lived in Beijing for many years, Carter knew the city well.    因为在北京住了多年,卡特对这个城市很熟悉。 4,现在分词的被动式    现在分词的被动式表示其逻辑主语为现在分词动作的承受者。   (1) 现在分词的一般被动式。如:    The building 【being built(正在被建)】 is our library.    正在建的那栋楼是我们的图书馆。    The question 【being discussed(正在被讨论)】 is of great importance.    正在讨论的问题非常重要。   (2) 现在分词的完成被动式。如:    Having been warned by the teacher, the students didn’t make such mistakes.    老师警告他们之后,学生们不再犯这样的错误了。    Having been told many times , he still did not know how to do it.    (人家)已经告诉他多少次了,他还是不知道怎么做。 十,动名词与现在分词的不同   1.动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别方法是:   ①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变,例如:   My hobby is swimming.可改为Swimming is my hobby.(可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换)   ②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置,例如:   The story is interesting .不可改为:Interesting is the story.   2.动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区别在于:   动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时性质、状态或动作等。试比较:   ①a swimming boy和a swimming suit   前者的意思是“一个正在游泳的男孩”,即a boy who is swimming,现在分词swimming 表示被修饰名词boy的动作;而后者的意思是“游泳衣”,即a suit for swimming,动名词swimming表示suit 的用途。   ②a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car   前者的意思是“一个正在睡觉的孩子”,即a child who is sleeping,现在分词sleeping 表示被修饰名词 child 正处于的状态;而后者的意思是“卧车(被用来睡觉的车厢)”,即 a car which is used for sleeping,动名词 sleeping 表示car 的用途。 配套练习 动名词选择题: 1. Mark often attempts to escape ____ whenever he breaks traffic regulations. A. having been fined  B. to have been fined C. to be fined   D. being fined 2. He gives people the impression ____ many poems. A. of having written  B. to have written C. of being written  D. to write 3. The thief took away the woman's wallet without____. A. being seen  B. seeing C. him seeing  D. seeing him 4. People appreciate ____with him because he has a good sense of humor. A. to work B. to have worked C. working D. have working 5. I've enjoyed ____ to talk with you. A. to be able B. being able C. to been able D. of being able 6. No one can avoid ____ by advertisements. A. to be influenced  B. being influenced C. influencing   D. having influence 7. They are considering ____ before the prices go up. A. of buying the house B. with buying the house C. buying the house D. to buy the house 8. He thought that ____. A. the effort doing the job was not worth B. the effort was not worth in doing the job C. it was not worth the effort doing the job D. it was not worth the effort by doing the job 9. If I had remembered ____ the door, the things would not have been stolen. A. to lock  B. locking C. to have locked D. having locked 10. Your shirt needs ____. You'd better have it done today. A. iron  B. to iron C. ironing  D. being ironed 11. You can't help ____ commercials; every few minutes the program is interrupted to give you one advertisement or another. A. to hear  B. to be heard C. hearing  D. with hearing 12. It is difficult to get used ____ in a tent after having a soft, comfortable bed to lie on. A. sleep B. to sleeping  C. slept D. to sleep 13. It is no use ____ me not to worry. A. you tell   B. your telling C. for you to have told D.  having told 14. He is very busy ____ his papers. He is far too busy ____ callers. A. to write...to receive  B. writing...to receive C. writing...receiving   D. to write...for receiving 15. The suspect at last admitted ____ stolen goods but denied ____ them. A. receiving...selling B. to receive...to sell C. to receiving...to selling D. to have received...to have sold 16. She apologized for ____ to come. A. her not being able  B. her being not able C. not being able  D. that she's not able to 17. John regretted ____ to the meeting last week. A. not going  B. not to go C. not having been going  D. not to be going 18. Please stop ____, boys, I have something important to ____ you. A. saying ...talk   B. telling ... say C. talking ...speak  D. talking ... tell 19. Tony, would you go and see if Sam has any difficulty ____ his tape recorder? A. to fix B. fixing C. for fixing D. fix 20. “Why isn't Nancy going to meet us?”“It's my fault. I forgot all about ____ her.” A. telephoning to  B. to telephone C. to telephone to  D. the telephoning to 21. “Why were you late?”“I had a hard time ____ up this morning.” A. to get B. get C. got D. getting 22. I remember ____ to help us if we ever got into trouble. A. once offering B. him once offering C. him to offer  D. to offer him 23.You must do something to prevent your house__________ .  A.to be broken in   B.from being broken in  C.to break in     D.from breaking in 24.His room needs _______ , so he must have it_________.  A.painting; painted  B.painted; painting  C.painting; painting  D.painted; painted 25.The young trees we planted last week require ________with great care.  A.looking after  B.to look after C.to be looked after D.taken good care of 26. Do you feel like ____ out or would you rather ____ dinner at home? A. going...to have  B. to go...to have C. to go...having  D. going...have 27. Prior to ____ the formal speech, first he will introduce himself. A. delivering                  B. deliver C. being delivering         D. being delivered 28. I don't mind ____ by bus, but I hate ____ in queues. A. to travel...standing          B.  having traveled...standing C. traveling...to stand          D. traveling...standing 29. What about ____ double quantities of everything today? We have hardly time to go____ next week. A. buying...to shop           B. buy...shopping C. buying...shopping         D. to buy...shopping 30. We had some trouble ____ the house and nobody seemed ____ where it was. A. in finding...knowing           B. finding...to know C. to find...knowing               D. to find...to know  31. We can't imagine ____ in the entrance examination, for she has never been to school. A. she succeeding             B. her succeeding C. she succeed                 D. her to succeed 32. I don't like ____ at me. A. them laughing              B. their laugh C. them laugh                   D. them to have laughed 33. We suggested ____ in hotels but the children were anxious ____ out. A. sleeping...to camp               B. sleeping...camping C. to sleep...to camp               D. to sleep...camping 34. I have no objection ____ the evening with them. A. to spend       B. to spending        C. of spending         D. spending 35. After ____ for the job, you will be required to take a language test. A. being interviewed          B. interviewed C. interviewing                  D.  having interviewed 36. The match was cancelled because most of the members ____ a match without a standard court. A. objected to having            B. were objected to have C. objected to have               D. were objected to having 37. Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy ____ for her examination. A. to prepare             B. to be prepared C. preparing              D. being prepared 38. It is no good ____ remember grammatical rules. You need to practise what you have learned. A. trying to     B. to try to      C. try to        D. tried to 39. After ____ him better, I regretted ____ him unfairly. A. getting to know...to judge B. getting to know...to have judged C. getting to have know...judging D. getting to know...having
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