英语词汇学教程(练习答案)(1)

英语词汇学教程(练习答案)(1) 《英语词汇学教程》,2004 年版,练习答案 Chapter 1 7. Choose the standard meaning from the list on the right to match each of the slang words on the left. a. tart: loose woman b. bloke: fellow c. gat: pistol d. swell: great e. chicken: coward f. blue: fight g. smoky: police h. full: drunk i. dame: woman j. beaver: girl 8. Give the modern equivalents for the following archaic words. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave / the sea bade = bid 12. Categorize the following borrowed words into denizens, aliens, translation loans, . and semantic loans Denizens: kettle, die, wall, skirt, husband Aliens: confrere, pro patria, Wunderkind, mikado, parvenu Translation loans: chopstick, typhoon, black humour, long time no see Semantic loans: dream Chapter 2 1. Why should students of English lexicology study the Indo-European Language Family? The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. Knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2. Make a tree diagram to show the family relations of the modern languages given below. pump running States real-time automatic monitoring and advanced system of energy-saving control, distributed computer control system the system, consists of field sensors and actuators, direct digital control (DDC), communication network, the Central operator station consists of four parts. Building control room located in the medical synthesis building first floor, combined with the fire services communication centre, which consists of Central station, devices such as printers, UPS power. Clean air conditioning for the normal operation of the unit in order to ensure that the operating room, surgical equipment in four layers laminated construction equipment management system monitoring station. Building equipment monitoring system (BAS) of main monitoring content frozen water system monitoring: refrigerator of Kai stopped control; steam pressure detection; according to buildings by needed cold load automatically adjustment cold water unit of run Taiwan number; electric butterfly valve, and cooling pump, and cooling tower, and frozen pump and the cold water unit of order Kai stopped control; according to cooling water of temperature automatically Kai stopped cooling tower fan and the control cooling water for backwater duct bypass valve of open degrees; frozen water of load regulation; expansion tank level control; cooling water frequency fill pump monitored,. (This system by frozen station manufacturers completed frozen water system of monitoring, set a frozen station points station, points station host through communications conversion unit put about data to building equipment management system host) clean air conditioning unit monitoring (four control): Unit sent wind machine of Kai/stopped control, and monitored fault, and run Indo-European Language Family Balto-Slavic Indo-Iranian Celtic Italian Hellenic Germanic Roumanian Hindi Breton Spanish Greek English Lithuanian Persian Scottish French Swedish Prussian Irish Italian German Polish Portuguese Norweigian Slavenian Icelandic Russian Danish Bulgarian Dutch 6. Here is a text chosen from the Declaration of Independence. “When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.” Pick out all the words of Greek or Latin origin from the text and see of what origin are the words left. What insight does this exercise give you with reference to the borrowings from Greek and Latin? “When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.” Most of the content words are either of Greek or Latin origin. What are left are mostly functional words. This shows that Greek and Latin play a very important part in the English vocabulary. 8. Tell the different elements that make up the following hybrids. eventful [Latin + English] falsehood [ Latin + English] saxophone [German + Greek] joss house [ Portuguese + English] hydroplane [Greek + Latin] pacifist [Latin + Greek] heirloom [ French + English] television [Greek + Latin] 9. Put the following French loan words into two groups, one being early borrowings and the other late ones. amateur (late) finacé (late) empire (early) peace (E) courage (E) garage (L) ind machine of Kai/stopped control, and monitored fault, and runt about data to building equipment management system host) clean air conditioning unit monitoring (four control): Unit sent wnit puozen water system of monitoring, set a frozen station points station, points station host through communications conversion un tank level control; cooling water frequency fill pump monitored,. (This system by frozen station manufacturers completed fransiotower fan and the control cooling water for backwater duct bypass valve of open degrees; frozen water of load regulation; exp the cold water unit of order Kai stopped control; according to cooling water of temperature automatically Kai stopped coolingp and djustment cold water unit of run Taiwan number; electric butterfly valve, and cooling pump, and cooling tower, and frozen pumng: refrigerator of Kai stopped control; steam pressure detection; according to buildings by needed cold load automatically anitoriement system monitoring station. Building equipment monitoring system (BAS) of main monitoring content frozen water system mothe unit in order to ensure that the operating room, surgical equipment in four layers laminated construction equipment managon of centre, which consists of Central station, devices such as printers, UPS power. Clean air conditioning for the normal operati. Building control room located in the medical synthesis building first floor, combined with the fire services communication ol (DDC), communication network, the Central operator station consists of four partssaving control, distributed computer control system the system, consists of field sensors and actuators, direct digital contr-matic monitoring and advanced system of energytime auto-pump running States real2 judgement (E) chair (E) chaise (L) grace (E) servant (E) routine (L) jealous (E) savaté (L) genre (L) gender (E) début (L) morale (L) state (E) chez (L) ballet (L) 11. Match the Italian musical terms with the proper definitons. allegro, f. in fast tempo轻快 andante, j. in moderate tempo行板 diminuendo, g. decreasing in volume渐弱 largo, d. in a slow stately manner缓慢 pianoforte, a. soft and loud轻转强 alto, i. lowest singing boice for woman女低音 crescendo, b. increasing in volume渐强 forte, e. loud强 piano, h. soft轻 soprano, c. highest singing voice for women女高音 12. Look up these words in a dictionary to determine the language from which eachhas been borrowed. cherub (Hebrew) coolie (Hindi) lasso (Sp) shampoo (Indian) tepee (Am Ind) kibitz (G) chipmunk (Am Ind) cotton (Arab) loot (Hindi) snorkel (G) tulip (Turk) wok (Ch) chocolate (Mex) jubilee (Gr) Sabbath (Heb) tamale (Mex) ing equipment management system host) clean air conditioning unit monitoring (four control): Unit sent wind machine of Kai/stbuildonitoring, set a frozen station points station, points station host through communications conversion unit put about data to cooling water frequency fill pump monitored,. (This system by frozen station manufacturers completed frozen water system of m ntrol;ntrol cooling water for backwater duct bypass valve of open degrees; frozen water of load regulation; expansion tank level cof order Kai stopped control; according to cooling water of temperature automatically Kai stopped cooling tower fan and the counit ounit of run Taiwan number; electric butterfly valve, and cooling pump, and cooling tower, and frozen pump and the cold water ai stopped control; steam pressure detection; according to buildings by needed cold load automatically adjustment cold water r of Kng station. Building equipment monitoring system (BAS) of main monitoring content frozen water system monitoring: refrigeratoensure that the operating room, surgical equipment in four layers laminated construction equipment management system monitorier to s of Central station, devices such as printers, UPS power. Clean air conditioning for the normal operation of the unit in ordom located in the medical synthesis building first floor, combined with the fire services communication centre, which consistol (DDC), communication network, the Central operator station consists of four parts. Building control rosaving control, distributed computer control system the system, consists of field sensors and actuators, direct digital contr-advanced system of energytime automatic monitoring and -pump running States realopped control, and monitored fault, and run3 voodoo (Afr) sauerbraten (G) 13. Here is a menu of loan words from various sources. Choose a word to fill in each space. a. A crocodile much resembles an _____ in appearance. b. “To give up a young lady like that,” said Andy. “A man would have to be plumb _____. c. There was a big increase this summer in the number of competitors in calf roping at the annual _____ held in Three Forks. d. This duke ranch we have developed has done well so far, but it promises next year to be a real _____ , enough to make us all rich. e. Some Eskimos build a winter shelter from snow called an _____. f. The Germans perfected a type of motorized attack in the Second World War that they called a _____. g. The Algonquin Indian in eastern and central North America lived in a domed shelter they called a _____. h. Columbus in 1493 used a Carib Indian word _____ to describe the small boats the native used. i. In the West Indies the local name fro a violent tropical cyclone is a _____. j. The Australian aborigines use a throwing stick that they call a _____. k. “Look like rain, boy,” sang out Luke. “Better get out your _____.” a. alligator b. loco c. rodeo d. bonanza e. igloo f. blitzkrieg g. wigwam h. canoe i. hurricane j. boomerang k. panchos Chapter 3 1. Write the term in the blanks accoding to the definitions. a. a minimal meaningful unit of a language ( ) b. one of the variants that realize a morpheme ( ) c. a moepheme that occurs with at least one other morpheme ( ) d. a morpheme that can stand alone ( ) e. a morpheme attached to a base, stem or root ( ) f. an affix that indicates grammatical relationships ( ) g. an affix that forms new words with a base, stem or root ( ) h. what ratains of a word after the removal of all affies ( ) i. that part of a word that can take inflectional affixes ( ) j. a form to which affixes of any kind can be added ( ) a. morpheme b. allomorph c. bound morpheme d. free morpheme e. affix f. informational affix g. derivational affix h. root i. stem j. base 3. individualistic individualist + ic [stem, base] individual + ist [stem, base] n tank level control; cooling water frequency fill pump monitored,. (This system by frozen station manufacturers completed fransiotower fan and the control cooling water for backwater duct bypass valve of open degrees; frozen water of load regulation; exp the cold water unit of order Kai stopped control; according to cooling water of temperature automatically Kai stopped coolingp and djustment cold water unit of run Taiwan number; electric butterfly valve, and cooling pump, and cooling tower, and frozen pumng: refrigerator of Kai stopped control; steam pressure detection; according to buildings by needed cold load automatically anitoriement system monitoring station. Building equipment monitoring system (BAS) of main monitoring content frozen water system mothe unit in order to ensure that the operating room, surgical equipment in four layers laminated construction equipment managon of centre, which consists of Central station, devices such as printers, UPS power. Clean air conditioning for the normal operati. Building control room located in the medical synthesis building first floor, combined with the fire services communication ol (DDC), communication network, the Central operator station consists of four partssaving control, distributed computer control system the system, consists of field sensors and actuators, direct digital contr-matic monitoring and advanced system of energytime auto-pump running States realind machine of Kai/stopped control, and monitored fault, and runt about data to building equipment management system host) clean air conditioning unit monitoring (four control): Unit sent wnit puozen water system of monitoring, set a frozen station points station, points station host through communications conversion u4 individu + al [stem, base] in + dividu [root, stem, base] undesirables un + desirable [stem, base] desir + able [root, stem, base] 4. Organize the following terms in a tree diagram to show their logical relationships. affix morpheme derivational affix free root bound root inflectional affix prefix free morpheme bound morpheme suffix morpheme – free morpheme = free root -- bound morpheme – bound root -- affix – inflectional affix -- derivational affix – prefix -- suffix Chapter 4 Affixation 5. Form negatives with each of the following words by using one of these prefixes dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, non-, un-. non-smoker disobey immature unwillingness illogical non-athletic incapable insecurity inability/disability illegal disloyal unofficially disagreement inconvenient impractical irrelevant 6. Turn the following nouns and adjectives into verbs with –en, -ify, -ize and then choose them to fill in the blanks in the sentences that follow. harden memorize deepen lengthen fatten horrify falsify glorify intensify sympathize modernize apologize sterilize beautify a. apologized b. beautify c. lengthening d. sympathized e. fatten f. falsify g. memorizing h. Sterilize 7. Each of the following sentences contains a word printed in italics. Complete the sentence by using this word to form a noun to refer to a person. a. If you are employed by a company, you are one of its _____. b. A _____ is someone whose job is politics. c. The _____ in a discussion are the people who participate in it. d. A woman who works as a _____ does the same job as a waiter. e. The person who conducts an orchestra or choir is called the _____. f. Your _____ is the person who teaches you. g. A _____ is someone who earns their living by playing the piano. h. If someone examnines you, you are the _____ and he or she is the _____. ing equipment management system host) clean air conditioning unit monitoring (four control): Unit sent wind machine of Kai/stbuildonitoring, set a frozen station points station, points station host through communications conversion unit put about data to cooling water frequency fill pump monitored,. (This system by frozen station manufacturers completed frozen water system of m ntrol;ntrol cooling water for backwater duct bypass valve of open degrees; frozen water of load regulation; expansion tank level cof order Kai stopped control; according to cooling water of temperature automatically Kai stopped cooling tower fan and the counit ounit of run Taiwan number; electric butterfly valve, and cooling pump, and cooling tower, and frozen pump and the cold water ai stopped control; steam pressure detection; according to buildings by needed cold load automatically adjustment cold water r of Kng station. Building equipment monitoring system (BAS) of main monitoring content frozen water system monitoring: refrigeratoensure that the operating room, surgical equipment in four layers laminated construction equipment management system monitorier to s of Central station, devices such as printers, UPS power. Clean air conditioning for the normal operation of the unit in ordom located in the medical synthesis building first floor, combined with the fire services communication centre, which consistol (DDC), communication network, the Central operator station consists of four parts. Building control rosaving control, distributed computer control system the system, consists of field sensors and actuators, direct digital contr-advanced system of energytime automatic monitoring and -pump running States realopped control, and monitored fault, and run5 a. employee b. politician c. participant d. waitress e. conductor f. teacher g. pianist h. examinee/examiner 8. Match Colume A with Colume B and give two examples for each. trans- = across: transcontinental, trans-world trans-world mono- = one: monorail, monoculture super- = over, above: superstructure, supernatural auto- = self: autobiography, automobile sub- = bad, badly: malpractice, malnutrition mini- = little, small: minicrisis, miniwar pre- = before: prehistorical, preelection ex- = former: ex-teacher, ex-filmer Compounding 2. Analyse the following compound words and explain their internal grammatical relationship. heartbeat [S + V] movie-goer [place + V] far- reaching [V + Adv] lion-hearted [adv + a] boyfriend [S + complement] snap decision [V + O] on-coming [V +adv] brainwashing [V + O] baking powder [ V +adv] dog-tired [adv + a] love-sick [adv + a] peace-loving [V +O] easy chair [ a + n] tax-free [adv +a] light-blue [a + a] goings-on [V +adv] 4. Form compounds using the following either as the first or the second element of the compound as indicated and translate the words into Chinese. well-bred / well-behaved, needle work / homework, bar-woman / sportswoman, clear-minded / strong-minded, self-control / self-respect, water-proof / fire-proof, news-film / news-letter, sister-in-law / father-in-law, half-way / half-done, age-conscious / status-conscious, culture-bound / homebound, praiseworthy / respectworthy, nation-wide / college-wide, military-style / newstyle, budget-related / politics-related, once-fashionable / once-powerful, mock-attack / mock-sadness, home-baked / home-produced, ever-lasting / ever-green, campus-based / market-based Conversion 7. Pick out the words which you think are converted in the following sentences and tell the cold water unit of order Kai stopped control; according to cooling water of temperature automatically Kai stopped coolingp and djustment cold water unit of run Taiwan number; electric butterfly valve, and cooling pump, and cooling tower, and frozen pumng: refrigerator of Kai stopped control; steam pressure detection; according to buildings by needed cold load automatically anitoriement system monitoring station. Building equipment monitoring system (BAS) of main monitoring content frozen water system mothe unit in order to ensure that the operating room, surgical equipment in four layers laminated construction equipment managon of centre, which consists of Central station, devices such as printers, UPS power. Clean air conditioning for the normal operati. Building control room located in the medical synthesis building first floor, combined with the fire services communication ol (DDC), communication network, the Central operator station consists of four partssaving control, distributed computer control system the system, consists of field sensors and actuators, direct digital contr-matic monitoring and advanced system of energytime auto-pump running States realind machine of Kai/stopped control, and monitored fault, and runt about data to building equipment management system host) clean air conditioning unit monitoring (four control): Unit sent wnit puozen water system of monitoring, set a frozen station points station, points station host through communications conversion un tank level control; cooling water frequency fill pump monitored,. (This system by frozen station manufacturers completed fransiotower fan and the control cooling water for backwater duct bypass valve of open degrees; frozen water of load regulation; exp 6 how they are converted. a. We can’t stomach such an insult. b. Robert Acheson roomed right next to me. c. he wolfed down his lunch d. There is no come and go with her. e. I’m one of his familiars. f. Poor innocents! g. She flatted her last note. h. The engineers ahed and ouched at the new machines. i. Come to the fire and have a warm. j. Is Bill Jackson a has-been or a might-have-been? k. He Hamleted at the chance and then he regretted for it. l. These shoes were an excellent buy. m. He turned his head and smoothed back the hair over one temple. a. stomach [n ? v] b. room [n ? v] c. wolf [n ? v] d. come/go [v ? n] e. familiar [a ? n] f. innocent [a ? n] g. flat [a ? n] h. ah / ouch [int ? v] i. warm [a ? n] j. has-been / might-have-been [finite v ? n] k. Hamlet [proper n ? v] l. buy [v ? n] m. smooth [a ? v] Blending Analyse the blends and translate them into Chinese. motel (motor + hotel) 汽车旅馆 humint (human + intelligence) 谍报 advertisetics (advertisement + statistics) 广告统计学 psywarrior (psychological warrior) 心理战专家 hoverport (hovercraft + port) 气垫船码头 chunnel (channel + tunnel) 海峡隧道 hi-fi (high + fidelity) 高保真录音设备 cinemactress (cinema + actress) 电影女演员 Clipping Restore the full forms of the following words and see how these clipped words are formed. copter (helicopter) ab (laboratory) gas (gasoline) scope (telescope) sarge (sergeant) ad (advertisement) dorm (dormitory) prefab (prefabricated house) prof (professor) champ (champion) mike (microphone) unit ounit of run Taiwan number; electric butterfly valve, and cooling pump, and cooling tower, and frozen pump and the cold water ai stopped control; steam pressure detection; according to buildings by needed cold load automatically adjustment cold water r of Kng station. Building equipment monitoring system (BAS) of main monitoring content frozen water system monitoring: refrigeratoensure that the operating room, surgical equipment in four layers laminated construction equipment management system monitorier to s of Central station, devices such as printers, UPS power. Clean air conditioning for the normal operation of the unit in ordom located in the medical synthesis building first floor, combined with the fire services communication centre, which consistol (DDC), communication network, the Central operator station consists of four parts. Building control rosaving control, distributed computer control system the system, consists of field sensors and actuators, direct digital contr-advanced system of energytime automatic monitoring and -pump running States realopped control, and monitored fault, and runing equipment management system host) clean air conditioning unit monitoring (four control): Unit sent wind machine of Kai/stbuildonitoring, set a frozen station points station, points station host through communications conversion unit put about data to cooling water frequency fill pump monitored,. (This system by frozen station manufacturers completed frozen water system of m ntrol;ntrol cooling water for backwater duct bypass valve of open degrees; frozen water of load regulation; expansion tank level cof order Kai stopped control; according to cooling water of temperature automatically Kai stopped cooling tower fan and the co7 tec (detective) Acronymy 2. What do the short forms stand for? kg = kilogram cm = centimeter ibid = ibidem ft = foot $ = dollar etc. = et cetera cf = confer VIP = very important person OPEC = Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries TOEFL = teaching of English as a foreign language 3. Choose a word from the list to fill in each of the blanks. a. There was a wide coverage of the _____ talks in the press. b. There are enemy aircraft on the _____ screen. c. _____ is still an incurable disease. d. If one knows _____ language, one will find it easy to learn how to use computers. e. _____ has long been applied to surgery in medicine. f. _____ is an international agency of the United Nations which is concerned with improving health standards and services throughout the world. g. Passive _____ listens for noises emanating from a submarine. h. The person who works for the Federal Bureau of Investigation is called a _____. a. SALT b. radar c. AIDS d. BASIC e. Laser f. WHO g. sonar h. G-man Backformation 2. Give the original words from which the following words are back-formed. lase (laser) escalate (escalator) babysit (babysitter) peeve (peevish) orate (orator) commute (commuter) Commonization of Proper Names Study the following sentences and pick out the words which used to be proper names and explain the meanings in relation to their origins. a. tantalize—Tantalus b. Argus-eyed—Argus c. narcissism—Narcissus d. sabotage—sabots e. martinet—Martinet f. yahoo—Yahoo g. Shylock—Shylock h. hoovering—Hoover n tank level control; cooling water frequency fill pump monitored,. (This system by frozen station manufacturers completed fransiotower fan and the control cooling water for backwater duct bypass valve of open degrees; frozen water of load regulation; exp the cold water unit of order Kai stopped control; according to cooling water of temperature automatically Kai stopped coolingp and djustment cold water unit of run Taiwan number; electric butterfly valve, and cooling pump, and cooling tower, and frozen pumng: refrigerator of Kai stopped control; steam pressure detection; according to buildings by needed cold load automatically anitoriement system monitoring station. Building equipment monitoring system (BAS) of main monitoring content frozen water system mothe unit in order to ensure that the operating room, surgical equipment in four layers laminated construction equipment managon of centre, which consists of Central station, devices such as printers, UPS power. Clean air conditioning for the normal operati. Building control room located in the medical synthesis building first floor, combined with the fire services communication ol (DDC), communication network, the Central operator station consists of four partssaving control, distributed computer control system the system, consists of field sensors and actuators, direct digital contr-matic monitoring and advanced system of energytime auto-pump running States realind machine of Kai/stopped control, and monitored fault, and runt about data to building equipment management system host) clean air conditioning unit monitoring (four control): Unit sent wnit puozen water system of monitoring, set a frozen station points station, points station host through communications conversion u8 i. utopia—Utopia j. Uncle Tommism—Uncle Tom Chapter 5 6. Match the words in Colume A with those in Colume B. A B apes—b cattle—m doves—c geese—k wolves—g pigs—l turkeys—d birds—a cricket—n foxes—j sheep—f monkeys—e hyenas—h i swans— 9. a. A scientist working in a project to develop industrial uses for nuclear power might have all the positive associations with “atomic”, such as “benefit, energy”, etc. b. A Japanese resident of Hiroshima, victim of the atomic explosion at the end of World War II, might have all the negative associations with “atomic”, such as “suffering, killing, death, horror", etc. c. To a student of nuclear physics, “atomic” might be associated with “mystery, science, knowledge”, etc. 10. talkative: implying a fondness for talking frequently and at length (neutral) articulate: expressing oneself easily and clearly (positive) gossip: indulging in idle talk or rumours about others (negative) rambling: talking aimlessly without connection of ideas (negative) fluent: speaking easily, smoothly, and expressively (positive) mouthy: overtly talkative, especially in a rude way (negative) 11. No Appreciative Neutral Pejorative 1 particular fastidious / fussy 2 critical fault-finding / picky 3 style/vogue fad 4 artful cunning / sly 5 unstable fickle / capricious 6 developing underdeveloped / backward 7 encourage / promote instigate 8 group clique / gang opped control, and monitored fault, and runing equipment management system host) clean air conditioning unit monitoring (four control): Unit sent wind machine of Kai/stbuildonitoring, set a frozen station points station, points station host through communications conversion unit put about data to cooling water frequency fill pump monitored,. (This system by frozen station manufacturers completed frozen water system of m ntrol;ntrol cooling water for backwater duct bypass valve of open degrees; frozen water of load regulation; expansion tank level cof order Kai stopped control; according to cooling water of temperature automatically Kai stopped cooling tower fan and the counit ounit of run Taiwan number; electric butterfly valve, and cooling pump, and cooling tower, and frozen pump and the cold water ai stopped control; steam pressure detection; according to buildings by needed cold load automatically adjustment cold water r of Kng station. Building equipment monitoring system (BAS) of main monitoring content frozen water system monitoring: refrigeratoensure that the operating room, surgical equipment in four layers laminated construction equipment management system monitorier to s of Central station, devices such as printers, UPS power. Clean air conditioning for the normal operation of the unit in ordom located in the medical synthesis building first floor, combined with the fire services communication centre, which consistol (DDC), communication network, the Central operator station consists of four parts. Building control rosaving control, distributed computer control system the system, consists of field sensors and actuators, direct digital contr-advanced system of energytime automatic monitoring and -pump running States real9 14. bull [– HUMAN + MALE + ADULT + BOVINE] cow [– HUMAN – MALE + ADULT + BOVINE] calf [– HUMAN + MALE - ADULT + BOVINE] rooster [– HUMAN + MALE + ADULT + GALLINE] hen [– HUMAN – MALE +ADULT +GALLINE] chicken [– HUMAN + MALE + ADULT + GALLINE] – HUMAN bull cow calf +BOVINE rooster hen chicken +GALLINE + MALE – MALE + ADULT Chapter 6 Polysemy board a piece of timber table dining table council table food served at the table; councilors; committee; meal supplied by the week or month directors of a company Homonymy 4. 1) Make both ends meat is a parody of make both ends meet which means “have enough money for one’s needs”. Here the butcher cleverly uses the pair of homonyms and meet to make a pun. It makes a proper answer to the lady’s question. (1) meat Butchers cannot make both ends meat (make whole sausages with all meat) because they cannot make both ends meet (If they made sausages with all meat, which is more costly, they would not earn enough money to survive.) (2) Don’t complain. All the butchers do the same. I am not the only one who is making sausages with bread. 2) Swallow is a bird which is seen in summer. But by one swallow we see, we cannot deduce that it is already summer time. Swallow can also mean a mouthful of wine. On a cold winter day, if one has a swallow of wine, one may feel warm. 3) Arms has two meanings: weapons; the human upper limbs. Since “a cannon ball took off his legs”, the soldier was not able to fight on, so he “laid down his arms”, which means “surrender”. It can also mean he laid down his upper limbs. Synonymy 3. avaricious: greedy courteously: politely emancipate: set free customary: usual width: breadth adversary: opponent gullible: deceived remainder: residue innocent: sinless ind machine of Kai/stopped control, and monitored fault, and runt about data to building equipment management system host) clean air conditioning unit monitoring (four control): Unit sent wnit puozen water system of monitoring, set a frozen station points station, points station host through communications conversion un tank level control; cooling water frequency fill pump monitored,. (This system by frozen station manufacturers completed fransiotower fan and the control cooling water for backwater duct bypass valve of open degrees; frozen water of load regulation; exp the cold water unit of order Kai stopped control; according to cooling water of temperature automatically Kai stopped coolingp and djustment cold water unit of run Taiwan number; electric butterfly valve, and cooling pump, and cooling tower, and frozen pumng: refrigerator of Kai stopped control; steam pressure detection; according to buildings by needed cold load automatically anitoriement system monitoring station. Building equipment monitoring system (BAS) of main monitoring content frozen water system mothe unit in order to ensure that the operating room, surgical equipment in four layers laminated construction equipment managon of centre, which consists of Central station, devices such as printers, UPS power. Clean air conditioning for the normal operati. Building control room located in the medical synthesis building first floor, combined with the fire services communication ol (DDC), communication network, the Central operator station consists of four partssaving control, distributed computer control system the system, consists of field sensors and actuators, direct digital contr-matic monitoring and advanced system of energytime auto-pump running States real10 obstacle: obstruction vexation: annoyance 5. a. identifiable b. safety c. motivates d. delicate e. surroundings f. artificial g. prestige h. perspire i. accomplishment j. silent k. impressive l. evaporate 6. run move spin turn whirl roll 7. a. stead b. gee-gee c. ripe d. mature e. effective f. efficient g. fatigued, children h. tired, kids i. declined j. refused k. rancid l. addled m. Penalties n. fines o. rebuked p. accused Antonymy 5. a. similar / same b. safe c. sharp / smart d. send e. stingy / selfish f. significant / sensible g. skeptical / suspicious h. simple i. sure j. slipshod / slovenly / sloppy k. sleepiness / sleep / slumber f order Kai stopped control; according to cooling water of temperature automatically Kai stopped cooling tower fan and the counit ounit of run Taiwan number; electric butterfly valve, and cooling pump, and cooling tower, and frozen pump and the cold water ai stopped control; steam pressure detection; according to buildings by needed cold load automatically adjustment cold water r of Kng station. Building equipment monitoring system (BAS) of main monitoring content frozen water system monitoring: refrigeratoensure that the operating room, surgical equipment in four layers laminated construction equipment management system monitorier to s of Central station, devices such as printers, UPS power. Clean air conditioning for the normal operation of the unit in ordom located in the medical synthesis building first floor, combined with the fire services communication centre, which consistol (DDC), communication network, the Central operator station consists of four parts. Building control rosaving control, distributed computer control system the system, consists of field sensors and actuators, direct digital contr-advanced system of energytime automatic monitoring and -pump running States realopped control, and monitored fault, and runing equipment management system host) clean air conditioning unit monitoring (four control): Unit sent wind machine of Kai/stbuildonitoring, set a frozen station points station, points station host through communications conversion unit put about data to cooling water frequency fill pump monitored,. (This system by frozen station manufacturers completed frozen water system of m ntrol;ntrol cooling water for backwater duct bypass valve of open degrees; frozen water of load regulation; expansion tank level co11 l. smooth m. subjective n. sob / scowl 6. a. old-fashioned b. completely c. moisture d. special e. essential f. similarity g. innocent h. rigid i. loosen j. clarity k. deserted l. fruitful m. peremptory n. depressed o. indifferent 7. a. feed—starve, cold-fever b. wisdom—follies c. haste—leisure d. penny—pound, wise—foolish e. speech—silence f. absence—presence g. admonish—praise h. young—old i. wise men—fools saint—devil j. mind—body k. foul—fair l. danger—security m. deliberate--prompt n. children—parents o. bully—coward p. head—tail 8. right—wrong dry—sweet strong—faint light—dark high—low / deep private—public single—return hard—easy rough—calm cold—warm ind machine of Kai/stopped control, and monitored fault, and runt about data to building equipment management system host) clean air conditioning unit monitoring (four control): Unit sent wnit puozen water system of monitoring, set a frozen station points station, points station host through communications conversion un tank level control; cooling water frequency fill pump monitored,. (This system by frozen station manufacturers completed fransiotower fan and the control cooling water for backwater duct bypass valve of open degrees; frozen water of load regulation; exp the cold water unit of order Kai stopped control; according to cooling water of temperature automatically Kai stopped coolingp and djustment cold water unit of run Taiwan number; electric butterfly valve, and cooling pump, and cooling tower, and frozen pumng: refrigerator of Kai stopped control; steam pressure detection; according to buildings by needed cold load automatically anitoriement system monitoring station. Building equipment monitoring system (BAS) of main monitoring content frozen water system mothe unit in order to ensure that the operating room, surgical equipment in four layers laminated construction equipment managon of centre, which consists of Central station, devices such as printers, UPS power. Clean air conditioning for the normal operati. Building control room located in the medical synthesis building first floor, combined with the fire services communication ol (DDC), communication network, the Central operator station consists of four partssaving control, distributed computer control system the system, consists of field sensors and actuators, direct digital contr-matic monitoring and advanced system of energytime auto-pump running States real12 Hyponymy 3. furniture: desk, chair, table, bed matter: liquid, gas, solid meat: pork, beef, mutton go: run, fly, walk 4. profession workplace surgeon: clinic, hospital plumber: house, building lawyer: office, law courts mechanic: garage photographer: studio foreman: worksite, factory 5. BEDROOM rug, sleepers, carpet, bed wardrob dressing table mattress dressing gown mirror pillows pyjamas comb sheets clothes hairbrush blanket 6. In Sentence 1, got, furniture, recently are superordinates because they are general and convey a very vague idea whereas in Sentence 2, the three words are replaced respectively by which are subordinates, conveying a bought, cupboard, three days ago, definite and clear idea. So Sentence 2 is better than Sentence 1. In 3, it is said, magnificent building, destroyed, yesterday are superordinate terms, which are comparatively much more general than the news says, Royal Hotel, burnt respectively in 4, which can be described as subordinates. Since 4 is down, last night clearer than 3 in meaning, it is better. Semantic field 3. Group 1 is synonymously semantic field and Group 2 is semantic filed. The difference lies: In 1 the words are synonyms, none of them covers the meaning of another, and they differ only in style and emotive values. In 2 the words are not synonyms, but each refers to a specific type of horse. Horse is a cover term or superordinate, and others are subordinates. These terms have no difference in style or affective meaning. Chapter 7 4. 1) extension 2) extension 3) narrowing 4) degradation 5) elevation 6) narrowing 7) extension 8) extension 9) narrowing 10) elevation onitoring, set a frozen station points station, points station host through communications conversion unit put about data to cooling water frequency fill pump monitored,. (This system by frozen station manufacturers completed frozen water system of m ntrol;ntrol cooling water for backwater duct bypass valve of open degrees; frozen water of load regulation; expansion tank level cof order Kai stopped control; according to cooling water of temperature automatically Kai stopped cooling tower fan and the counit ounit of run Taiwan number; electric butterfly valve, and cooling pump, and cooling tower, and frozen pump and the cold water ai stopped control; steam pressure detection; according to buildings by needed cold load automatically adjustment cold water r of Kng station. Building equipment monitoring system (BAS) of main monitoring content frozen water system monitoring: refrigeratoensure that the operating room, surgical equipment in four layers laminated construction equipment management system monitorier to s of Central station, devices such as printers, UPS power. Clean air conditioning for the normal operation of the unit in ordom located in the medical synthesis building first floor, combined with the fire services communication centre, which consistol (DDC), communication network, the Central operator station consists of four parts. Building control rosaving control, distributed computer control system the system, consists of field sensors and actuators, direct digital contr-advanced system of energytime automatic monitoring and -pump running States realopped control, and monitored fault, and runing equipment management system host) clean air conditioning unit monitoring (four control): Unit sent wind machine of Kai/stbuild13 11) narrowing 12) degradation 13) degradation 14) degradation 5. a. associated transfer b. abstract to concrete c. abstract to concrete d. abtract to concrete s e. abstract to concrete f. abstract of concrete g. associated transfer h. associated transfer i. synesthesia j. synesthesia 6. a. objective b. subjective, objective c. objective d. subjective e. subjective f. subjective g. subjective h. subjective, objective 7. a. die b. graveyard c. bedlam 疯人院 d. old people e. strike f. Policeman g. stupid pupil h. poor people i. toilet j. fat person k. unemployed mother p and djustment cold water unit of run Taiwan number; electric butterfly valve, and cooling pump, and cooling tower, and frozen pumng: refrigerator of Kai stopped control; steam pressure detection; according to buildings by needed cold load automatically anitoriement system monitoring station. Building equipment monitoring system (BAS) of main monitoring content frozen water system mothe unit in order to ensure that the operating room, surgical equipment in four layers laminated construction equipment managon of centre, which consists of Central station, devices such as printers, UPS power. Clean air conditioning for the normal operati. Building control room located in the medical synthesis building first floor, combined with the fire services communication ol (DDC), communication network, the Central operator station consists of four partssaving control, distributed computer control system the system, consists of field sensors and actuators, direct digital contr-matic monitoring and advanced system of energytime auto-pump running States realind machine of Kai/stopped control, and monitored fault, and runt about data to building equipment management system host) clean air conditioning unit monitoring (four control): Unit sent wnit puozen water system of monitoring, set a frozen station points station, points station host through communications conversion un tank level control; cooling water frequency fill pump monitored,. (This system by frozen station manufacturers completed fransiotower fan and the control cooling water for backwater duct bypass valve of open degrees; frozen water of load regulation; exp the cold water unit of order Kai stopped control; according to cooling water of temperature automatically Kai stopped cooling14