史上最美的骈体文

史上最美的骈体文 【史上最美的骈体文】与朱元思书 《与朱元思书》是南朝梁文学家吴均所著的一篇著名的骈体文，该文既用人的感受反衬出山水之美，也抒发了对世俗官场和追求名利之徒的藐视之情，对友人的规劝。含蓄地流露出爱慕美好的大自然，避世退隐的高洁志趣。 作品原文 风烟俱净，天山共色。从流飘荡，任意东西。自富阳至桐庐，一百许里，奇山异水，天下独绝。 水皆缥(piǎo)碧，千丈见底。游鱼细石，直视无碍。急湍甚箭，猛浪若奔。 夹岸高山，皆生寒树。负势竞上，互相轩邈(miǎo)，争高直指，千百成峰。泉水激石，泠泠(líng)作响;好鸟相鸣，嘤嘤成韵。蝉则千转不穷，猿则百叫无绝。鸢飞戾(lì)天者，望峰息心;经纶世务者，窥谷忘反。横柯上蔽，在昼犹昏;疏条交映，有时见日。 译文 (天空中)，江面上的烟雾都消散尽净，天与远山都显现着同样的颜色。(我乘船)随水流漂浮游荡，任凭船儿随水漂去。欣赏景色。从富阳到桐庐，大约一百多里，其间奇异的山水，是天下独一无二的美景。 水都呈青绿色，深深的江水清澈见底。江底游动的鱼儿和细沙碎石，一直看下去毫无障碍。湍急的水流比箭还快，迅猛的大浪像狂奔的快马。 夹江两岸的高山上都生长着耐寒常绿的树木;(高山)凭借着山势，竞争着向上，相互]比高远;(群山)互相竞争着高耸笔直的向上，形成千成百无数的山峰。泉水冲击着岩石，发出泠泠的清越的泉声。美丽的百鸟相向和鸣，唱出和谐动听的嘤嘤声。蝉儿长时间地叫个不停，猿猴也长时间地叫个不断。那些像老鹰飞到天上一样(为名利极力追求高位)的人，望见这里的山峰，追逐名利的心就平静下来;那些忙于办理政务的人，看到(这些幽美的)山谷，(就会)流连忘返。横斜的树枝遮蔽在上面，即使在白天也像黄昏时那样昏暗;稀疏的枝条交相掩映，有时可以(从枝叶的空隙中)见到阳光。 注释 与朱元思书(1)吴均 风烟俱(2)净(3)，天山共色(4)。从流飘荡(5)，任意东西(6)。自富阳至桐庐一百许里(7)，奇山异水，天下独绝(8)。 水皆(9)缥碧(10)，千丈见底。游鱼细石(11)，直视无碍(12)。急湍(13)甚箭(14)，猛浪若(15)奔(16)。 夹岸高山，皆生寒树(17)，负势竞上(18)，互相轩邈(19)，争高直指(20)，千百成峰(21)。泉水激(22)石，泠泠作响(23);好鸟相鸣(24)，嘤嘤成韵(25)。蝉则千转不穷(26)，猿则百叫无绝(27)。鸢飞唳天(28)者，望峰息心(29);经纶世务者(30)，窥谷忘反(31)。横柯上蔽(32)，在昼犹昏(33);疏条交映(34)，有时见日(35)。 (1)《与朱元思书》，选自《艺文类聚》(中华书局1982版)卷七。本文为作者写给朱元思讲述行旅所见的信。一作《与朱元思书》。吴均(469—520)，字叔庠。吴兴故鄣(今浙江安吉县)人。南朝梁文学家，史学家，其作品收集在《全梁文》《艺文类聚》里。书:信函 (2)俱:全，都。 (3)净:消散。 (4)共色:一样的颜色。共，相同，一样。 (5)从流飘荡:(乘船)随着江流漂浮移动。从，顺，沿。 (6) 任意东西:任凭船按照自己的意愿，时而向东时而向西。东西:方向，在此作动词，向东向西。 (7)自富阳至桐庐:此句中的富阳与桐庐都在杭州境内，富阳在富春江下游，桐庐在富阳的西南中游。如按上文“从流飘荡”。则应为“从桐庐至富阳”。原文可能是作者笔下误。至:到。许:示大约的数量，上下，左右。 (8)独绝:独一无二。独:独特。 绝:妙到极处 9)皆:全，都。 ( (10)缥碧:原作“漂碧”，据其他版本改为此。青绿色。 (11)游鱼细石:游动的鱼和细小的石头。 (12)直视无碍:可以看到底，毫无障碍。这里形容江水清澈见底。 (13)急湍:急流的水。 (14)甚箭:即“甚于箭”，比箭还快。 甚:胜过。为了字数整齐，中间的“于”字省略了。 (15)若:好像。 (16)奔:动词活用作名词，文中指飞奔的马。 (17)寒树:耐寒而常绿的树 (18)负势竞上:这些山凭借(高峻的)地势，争着向上。负:凭借。竞:争着。这一句说的是“高山”，不是“寒树”，这从下文“千百成峰”一语可以看得出来。 (19)轩邈(miǎo):意思是这些山峦仿佛都在争着往高处和远处伸展。轩，高。邈，远。这两个词在这里作动词用。 (20)直指:笔直地向上，直插云天。指:向，向上。 (21)千百成峰:意思是形成无数山峰。 (22)激:冲击。 (23)泠(líng)泠作响:泠泠地发出声响。泠泠，拟声词，形容水声的清越。 (24)好鸟相鸣:好，美丽的;相鸣，互相和鸣。 (25)嘤(yīng)嘤成韵:鸣声嘤嘤，和谐动听。嘤嘤，鸟鸣声。韵，和谐的声音。 (26)千转(zhuàn):长久不断地叫。千，表示多。转，同“啭”(视版本而定)，鸟婉转地叫。这里指蝉鸣。 (27)无绝:就是“不绝”。与上句中的“不穷”相对。 (28)鸢(yuān)飞唳(lì)天;出自《诗经?大雅?旱麓》。老鹰高飞入天，这里比喻在政治上追求高位。鸢，俗称老鹰，善高飞。戾，到达 (29)望峰息心:意思是看到这些雄奇的山峰，就会平息热衷于功名利禄的心。息:使„„平息，使动用法。 (30)经纶世务者:处理政史事，这里指在仕途上苦心经营。 (31)窥谷忘反:看到(这些幽美的)山谷，(就)流连忘返。反:同“返”，返回。窥:看 。 (32)横柯上蔽:横斜的树木在上边遮蔽着。柯，树木的枝干。蔽:遮蔽。 (33)在昼犹昏:即使在白天，也像黄昏时那样昏暗。昼:白天。犹:好像。 (34)疏条交映:稀疏的枝条互相掩映。疏条:稀疏的小枝。交:相互。 (35)日:太阳，阳光。 见:看见 [1] 1(通假字 ?蝉则千转不穷转:通“啭”(zhuàn)，鸟婉转地叫。这里指蝉鸣声。例句:蝉则千转不穷。 ?经纶世务者，窥谷忘反反:通“返”，返回的意思。例句:窥谷忘反。 2(古今异义 ?许古义:附在整数词之后表示约数，左右。例句:自富阳至桐庐一百许里。 今义:或许，应允，赞许等。 奔古义:指飞奔的马。例句:猛浪若奔。 ? 今义:奔跑，飞奔。 ?经纶古义:筹划、治理。例句:经纶世务者 今义:规划,管理政治的才能 ?戾 古义:至 .例句:鸢飞戾天者 今义:罪恶 3(一词多义 ?绝奇山异水，天下独绝(绝美，绝妙) 猿则百叫无绝(断，停，消失) ?上负势竞上(向上) 横柯上蔽(在上边) ?无直视无碍(没有) 猿则百叫无绝(不) ?百一百许里(十的倍数) 猿则百叫无绝(极言其多) (词类活用 4 ?任意东西(东西:名词作动词，向东或向西) ?猛浪若奔(奔:动词用作名词，飞奔的马) ?负势竞上(上:名词用作动词，向上) ?互相轩邈(轩邈:形容词用作动词，往高处或往远处伸展) ?望峰息心(息:动词使动用法，使„„平息) ?横柯上蔽(上:名词用作状语，在上边) ?风烟俱净(净:形容词作动词，消散、散净) 5(特殊句式 ?省略句 ?(船)从流飘荡，任意东西(主语省略) ?急湍甚(于)箭(省略介词“于”) ?(高山)负势竞上，互相轩邈(省略主语“高山”) ?倒装句 ?后置定语 鸢飞戾天者 ?互文 奇山异水 作品鉴赏 “山川之美，古来共谈”，江山如此多娇，引无数文人墨客，吟诗作文，为后人留下了众多脍炙人口的山水佳作。其中，元朝吴均的《与朱元思书》，这是一篇山水小品，作者以简练明快的笔墨，描绘了一幅充满生机的大自然画卷，且仅用一百四十四字便生动逼真地描绘出富春江沿途的绮丽风光，被视为骈文中写景的精品。吟诵此文，但觉景美、情美、词美、章美，如此短的篇幅，却给人以美不胜收之感，令人叹为观止。阅读时要注意作者是怎样抓住山光水色的特点模山范水的。 意境美 文章开篇以简洁的笔触，给人们勾画了富春江山水的背景:阳光明媚，天高云淡，空气清新，山色苍翠，并总述自富阳至桐庐水上之游的总体印象:“奇山异水，天下独绝”。第二段写“异水”。先抓住其“缥碧”的特点，写出了其晶莹清澈的静态美:这水仿佛透明似的，可以一眼见底，连那倏来忽去的游鱼，水底累累的细石，都可以一览无余。然后以比喻夸张的手法，勾勒其急湍猛浪的动态美:这水有时又迅猛奔腾，一泻千里，使人感到惊心动魄。这样描写，静中有动，动静结合，显示出了富春江水的秀丽之美和壮观之美，突出地表现了一个“异”字。 第三段写“奇特的山”。首先从形的角度写山势本身之奇，奇在“负势竞上”、“争高直指”。山本是静止的，而在作者笔下，却仿佛有无穷的奋发向上的生命力，它们仿佛要挣脱大地，直上青天，欲上不能，便“千百成峰”，层峦叠嶂。其次从声的角度写空山天籁之奇。空山幽谷之中，泉水叮咚，百鸟和鸣，知了叫个不停，猿猴啼个不住，这些欢快的声音，汇成一曲对生命的颂歌，把这寂静的山谷，变成一个热闹、和谐、欢乐、祥和的世界。山包容了这些生命，这些生命给这山以无限生气。再次从色的角度写山林中有日无光之奇。山外虽然晴光万里，山中却别有景象。作者笔锋又从动到静，写出了谷中枝密林茂，浓荫蔽目，在白天也只是“有时见日”的幽暗的景象。这一段写山之形之声之色，都紧扣一个“奇”字。 作者抓住此山此水特征，把动与静、声与色、光与影巧妙结合，为读者描绘出一幅充满生命力的山水图，让读者充发享受到了富春江两岸的“山川之美”。 志趣美 该文重在写景，直接抒情写志的语言很少。但历来优秀的文章都讲究情景相生，人们可从作者对景物的描写中，从寥寥几句写观感的语句中，领略到作者高雅的志趣、高洁的情怀。可以从首段“从流飘荡，任意东西”一句中，感受到一种享受自由、无拘无束、无牵无挂的轻松惬意;从对山水的描写中，体会到作者对自然、自由的热爱，对生命力的赞颂。更令人赞赏的是，在描绘山景时，作者插入两句观感:“鸢飞戾天者，望峰息心;经纶世务者，窥谷忘反”。这几句感受，不仅从侧面衬托出险峰幽谷的夺人心魄的魅力，更是传达出作者对功名利禄的鄙弃，对官场政务的厌倦。 细细品味，作者的这种志趣，既不同于“知其不可而为之”的积极入世，又不同于“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”的消极遁世，它是一种对轻松自然的崇尚，对自由和谐的向往，对欢乐生命的礼赞。它比前者少了份严肃，多了份潇洒，比后者少了份悲观，多了份开朗，因而更具一份常人心态，也就更容易使人接受并感到亲切。 语言美 骈文是一种讲究形式的文体，作者吴均是南朝知名骈文家，其代表作《与朱元思书》自然保持了骈文的特点。文章基本上遵循骈文的，主要采用四字句和六字句，并于文章后半部分大量运用对偶句，如“泉水激石，泠泠作响;好鸟相鸣，嘤嘤成韵”、 “蝉则千转不穷，猿则百叫无绝”。这就取得了句式整齐、音韵和谐、对比立意、相映成趣的表达效果，读来朗朗上口，节奏感极强。 但文章又有异于当时一般的骈文，它在一定程度上打破了骈文形式上的束缚，体现了可贵的突破与创新。其一，在四字句、六字句中运用了“鸢飞戾天者，望峰息心;经纶世务者，窥谷忘反”这样的五字与四字交替运用的句式，这就避免了骈文刻板划一的弊病，使语言显得活泼洒脱;其二，文章前半部分几乎没有对偶，无异于一般散文( 尤其是第一节)，后半部分则基本上都是工整的对偶句，这样骈散结合、疏密相间的安排，使语言灵活多变，更具韵律美;其三，文章没有像一般骈文那样堆砌典故，甚至故意用冷字僻字，写景状物，力求准确传神，这使文章语言显得清新自然，生动流畅，在当时以绮丽浮靡为主流的骈文中显得卓尔不群，超凡脱俗。 结构美 《与朱元思书》篇幅虽短，但很讲究章法。 文章首段以“奇山异水，天下独绝”八字总领全篇，二、三两段分承“异水”和“奇山”两方面，环绕“独绝”二字展开生发和描摹，结构上纲举目张，脉络分明。写景顺序上先“水”后“山”，由近及远，逐层展开，符合“从流飘荡”的观景习惯，条理清楚。 写景重点上，全文详写“山”略写“水”;写“水”的部分，详写静态略写动态;写“山”的部分，详写动态略写静态。这样既突出景物主要特征，又显得详略适宜，轻重有度。 读《与朱元思书》，如读一首好诗，因为它不仅有词采隽永、音节和谐的诗一般的语言，更洋溢着清新淡雅的诗情;读《与朱元思书》，如赏一幅山水写意，因为它有特色鲜明的景物，更有明朗洒脱的画意。总之，该文情景兼美，辞章俱佳，能给人以美的享受、心灵的愉悦。 文学结构:骈(pián) 也称“骈体文”、“骈俪文”或“骈偶文”;因其常用四字、六字句，故也称“四六文”或“骈四俪六”。中国古代魏晋以后产生的一种文体。又称骈俪文。南北朝是骈体文的全盛时期。全篇以双句(俪句、偶句)为主，讲究对仗的工整和声律的铿锵。中国的散文从汉代到六朝，出现了“文”、“笔”的对立。所谓“文”，就是专尚辞藻华丽，受字句和声律约束的骈文。所谓“笔”，就是专以达意明快为主，不受字句和声律约束的散文。(此处所述不当。据刘勰《文心雕龙总述》引录颜延之观点称:笔之为体，言之为文也;经典则言而非笔，传记则笔而非言。而刘勰本人的观点是:“今之常言，有文有笔，以为无韵者笔也，有韵者文也”可见发生于宋齐时期的文笔之辩着眼点在于有韵与否，而非散文骈体之别。而况，南北朝时期的散文也多有押韵，故加修正。) 魏晋以来产生的一种文体，又称骈俪文。骈文是与散文相对而言的。其主要特点是以四六句式为主，讲究对仗，因句式两两相对，犹如两马并驾齐驱，故被称为骈体。在声韵上，则讲究运用平仄，韵律和谐;修辞上注重藻饰和用典。由于骈文注重形式技巧，故的表达往住受到束缚，但运用得当，也能增强文章的艺术效果。而南北朝时期，亦不乏内容深刻的作品，如庾信的《哀江南赋》，他一方面描写了自己身世之悲，一方面则谴责了梁朝君臣的昏庸，表达对故国怀念之情。唐以后。骈文的形式日趋完善，出现了通篇四、六句式的骈文，所以宋代一般又称骈文为四六文。直至清末，骈文仍十分流行。 文笔分裂后，骈文就成为和散文相对举的一种文体。骈文盛行于六朝，代表作家有徐陵、庾信。中唐古文运动以后，稍告衰落。在元明两代成为绝响。至清初，作者接踵而起，以清末王?运为最后一个作家。 写作背景 魏晋南北朝时，政治黑暗，社会动乱。因而，不少知识分子寄情山水来排解心中的苦闷。《与朱元思书》是吴均写给他的朋友朱元思的一封书信。 中心思想 本文叙述作者乘船自富阳至桐庐途所见，描绘了这一段的山光水色，它创造了一种清新自然的意境，使人读后悠然神往，仿佛也亲自领略了其间的山水之美;同时也表现出他沉湎于山水的生活情趣。流露出对追求名利之徒的蔑视，含蓄地传达出爱慕美好自然，避世退隐的高洁之趣。 文章表现了作者高雅的志趣，高洁的情怀，反映出当时一部分的士大夫、文人流连光景的生活情趣和回避现实的清高隐逸的思想 作者简介 人物生平 吴均(469,520年)，字叔庠，吴兴故鄣受荣里(今浙江省湖州市安吉县西亩受荣村)人。南朝齐梁时期的文学家、史学家。好学有俊才，其诗文深受沈[2]约的称赞。诗文自成一家，称为“吴均体”，开创一代诗风。梁武帝天监初年，为郡主簿。天监六年(506年)，被建安王萧伟引为记室。临川王萧宏将他推荐给武帝，很受欣赏。后又被任为奉朝请(一种闲职文官)。欲撰《齐书》，求借齐起居注及群臣行状，武帝不许，于是私撰《齐春秋》，称梁武帝为齐明帝佐命之臣，触犯武帝，书焚，并被免职。不久奉旨撰写《通史》，未及成书即去世。卒于普通元年(520年)，时年五十二岁。 文史成就 《梁书?吴均传》说他“文体清拔有古气”，在当时颇有影响，时称“吴均体”。其诗今存140余首，多为友人赠答、赠别之作。音韵和谐，风格清丽，属于典型的齐梁风格;但语言明畅，用典贴切，无堆砌之弊。吴均善于刻画周围景物来渲染离愁别绪。如《送柳吴兴竹亭集》“夕鱼汀下戏，幕雨檐中息。白云时去来，青峰复负侧。踯躅牛羊下，晦昧崦嵫色”，朦胧暮色中的山野景象，更衬出离别时分的凄婉气氛。又如“轻云纫远岫，细雨沐山衣”，“白日辽川暗，黄尘陇坻惊”，写景都很细致。吴均很注意向乐府民歌学习，拟作了不少乐府古诗，如《行路难》五首、《胡无人行》、《从军行》等，虽辞藻华美，但不失刚健清 ，新的气息，有鲍照余绪。他的一些五言诗句，如“君随绿波远，我逐清风归”“折荷缝作盖，落羽纺成丝”等，民歌风味也比较浓。吴均家世贫贱，终生不得意，他的一些作品中也往往表现出寒士的雄心和骨气，如《赠王桂阳》“松生数寸时，遂为草所没。未见笼云心，谁知负霜骨”，借松树来吐露怀才不遇的牢骚，其构思立意很象左思的“郁郁涧底松”和陶渊明的“青松在东园”。再如《梅花落》、《行路难》、《赠别新林》等诗中，也含蓄地抒写了渴望有所作为的心情。此外，如《边城将四首》，歌颂将士们“高旗入汉飞，长鞭历地写”的英雄气概;《闺怨》写征人家属相思之苦，都比较有现实内容，在当时诗歌中不多见。 史籍记载 梁武帝曾有“吴均不均，何逊不逊”的批评。(见《南史》卷三十三《何逊传》) 《梁书》本传 吴均，字叔庠，吴兴故鄣人也。家世寒贱，至均好学有俊才。沈约尝见均文，颇相称赏。天监初，柳恽为吴兴，召补主簿，日引与赋诗。均文体清拔有古气，好事者或效之，谓为“吴均体”。建安王伟为扬州，引兼记室，掌文翰。王迁江州，补国侍郎，兼府城局。还除奉朝请。先是，均表求撰《齐春秋》。书成奏之，高祖以其书不实，使中书舍人刘之遴诘问数条，竟支离无对，敕付省焚之，坐免职。寻有敕召见，使撰《通史》，起三皇，讫齐代，均草本纪、世家功已毕，唯列传未就。普通元年，卒，时年五十二。均注范晔《后汉书》九十卷，著《齐春 秋》三十卷、《庙记》十卷、《十二州记》十六卷、《钱唐先贤传》五卷、《续文释》五卷，文集二十卷。(《梁书》卷四十九) 《南史》本传吴均字叔庠，吴兴故鄣人也。家世寒贱，至均好学有俊才，沈约尝见均文，颇相称赏。梁天监初，柳恽为吴兴，召补主簿，日引与赋诗。均文体清拔，有古气，好事者或学之，谓为“吴均体”。均尝不得意，赠恽诗而去，久之复来，恽遇之如故，弗之憾也。荐之临川靖惠王，王称之于武帝，即日召入赋诗，悦焉。待诏着作，累迁奉朝请。先是，均将着史以自名，欲撰齐书，求借齐起居注及群臣行状，武帝不许，遂私撰齐春秋奏之。书称帝为齐明帝佐命，帝恶其实录，以其书不实，使中书舍人刘之遴诘问数十条，竟支离无对。敕付省焚之，坐免职。寻有敕召见，使撰《通史》，起三皇讫齐代。均草本纪、世家已毕，唯列传未就，卒。均注范晔《后汉书》九十卷，着《齐春秋》三十卷，《庙记》十卷，《十二州记》十六卷，《钱唐先贤传》五卷，《续文释》五卷，《文集》二十卷。(《南史》卷七十二) 作品一览 他著有《齐春秋》三十卷、《庙记》十卷、《十二州记》十二卷、《钱塘先贤传》五卷，注释范晔《后汉书》九十卷等，惜皆已亡失。还著有志怪小说集《续齐谐记》一卷。《梁书》本传说:“均文体清拔有古气，好事者或学之，谓为‘吴均体’。”其“文集二十卷”。《隋书?经籍志》著录:“梁奉朝请《吴均集》二十卷。”《旧唐书?经籍志》、《新唐书?艺文志》著录皆为二十卷。《宋史?艺文志》著录:“《吴均诗集》三卷。”可见其文集宋时已大部分散失。明代的辑本有:《吴朝请集》三卷，附录一卷，明张燮辑《七十二家集》本;《吴朝请集》一卷，明张溥辑《汉魏六朝百三名家集》本。另有《吴朝请集选》一卷，清代吴汝纶评选《汉魏六朝百三家集选》本。严可均《全梁文》卷六十辑录其文有《与施从事》、《与朱元思书》、《与顾章书》等十三篇，逯钦立《先秦汉魏晋南北朝诗?梁诗》卷十辑录其诗有《赠王桂阳》、《山中杂诗》、《答柳恽诗》等一百四十七首，较为齐备。 吴均善于写作书信，今存《与施从事书》、《与朱元思书》、《与顾章书》三篇，俱以写景见长。如“绝壁干天，孤峰入汉。绿嶂百重，青川万转”，“风烟俱净，天山共色，从流飘荡，任意东西”等句，皆文笔清丽，韵味隽永。 梁武帝曾有“吴均不均，何逊不逊”的批评。(见《南史》卷三十三《何逊传》) 《与朱元思书》素描 作者:曾冬 这时候，风如一些玩累了的孩子，安静地倦伏在两岸的叶子上。比梦还要缠绵的尘烟，也被午睡的风收拾得干干净净。青山一身翠绿，比天空更纯净。那些落花的往事，已随春天埋进了记忆的河床。天静，山空。这个夏日的午后，时光似乎已经停憩。 一叶小舟，是阳光的鳞片，在江面上任意飘浮。或西或东，或左或右，没有什么，可以束缚它自由的方向。内心的河流啊，随思绪一路颠簸，淌过了黑暗的腹地。 从富阳到桐庐，一百余里水路。目光所及的江南，被温柔的流水一一抚摸。奇峭的山峰是大地闪电般的长剑，披着阳光的金缕玉衣，守卫在季节的入口。水透明地奔跑在岁月逶迤的唇齿间，送走和迎来一个个明明灭灭的日子。山奇，水异，天下独此，可以收藏起所有的花朵和语言。 青碧如玉的江水是那位浣纱的女子清澈的眼睛吗,让每一个爱慕的少年，在梦境里游过你青青的发际，即使是千丈之外，依然可以看到心底的纯洁～那些流浪的鱼儿，现在终于可以找个理由安静地游走在爱的边缘，生命的潮水，迷失在青春的期盼里。只有那些细小的卵石，如手指上的钻戒，铺垫在河底，闪着幸福的光华，在一些惊羡的目光中，清晰可数。 而湍急的流水，是一束飞翔的箭，疾行在空旷的风中，阳光来不及收拢金色的羽衣，纷纷受伤，跌落在一团水珠的惊叫声里。江浪粗暴的表情暴露无遗，随便抓起一堆阳光的碎片，像一匹发疯的马儿，一路狂奔，不再回首。 雾霭悄悄地爬上了两岸。拥挤的树像一些怕冷的孩子，把一身苍翠的绿衣，紧紧包裹在挺拔的身躯上。一只鸟飞过，竟没有找到一枝歇息的手掌。山峰争相向蓝天表达爱意，顺着地势努力地伸出手臂，和流云打着招呼。成百上千的山峦，层层叠叠横亘在苍鹰的目光下，等待天空的亲吻。谁，将是今夜最幸运的王子, 一带清泉从山间挤出来，挂在一岫白云的腰上，然后，一落而下。几方青石张开双手，却还是没有接住大山的心事。只好用清越的声音，录成一盒绝密的交响，嘱咐山风带给船上消遥的诗人翻译。一只鸟不甘寂寞地叫了，又一只鸟叫了，那些飞来飞去的翅膀，诵颂过一页又一页的梵文，葱茏的山间，被一群禅意的小鸟重新拉回寂静。 一只蝉潜伏在枝条上，低声嘀咕一阵后，再一次撕坏了安祥，一波又一波嘶哑的声音，像暗器一样击伤了每一片宁静的叶子。安睡的猿群也被吵醒了，呼朋唤子地在树枝间蹿来蹿去，啼声响彻山林，不绝于耳。 多么美好的场景啊～尘世间的纷扰，被一条河流洗涤得干干净净。那些热衷权势的人，在群峰面前，也不得不平息自己追逐功名的心;而那些被世俗所累的人，看到幽谷清泉，流连忘返，是不是也想遁迹山间，让一生，从此平静,其实，生命就这么简单，一滴水，就可以轻而易举地淹没所有的疼痛和光荣。 遮天蔽日的枝条横住了天空的道路，白昼在昏黄的柯槾中穿行;一颗心在忽明忽暗的历史中，能载动一条思想的河流吗,阳光终于找到了前进的缝隙，疏条掩映下，一切又聚集在跌落的光亮上。一千多年前的那个下午，那些小小的光芒是否点燃了诗人内心的火焰, ?在读《唐诗素描》博客时，偶然发现了曾冬的这篇文章，它以另一种方式阐释了吴均的名篇，给人以美的享受。 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.