大学生英语竞赛(neccs)a类研究生决赛英语真题2007年

大学生英语竞赛(neccs)a类研究生决赛英语真题2007年 大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)A类研究生决赛英语真题2007年(无听力) Part I Listening Comperhension 1、1-30 略 Part ? Vocabulary and Structure There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 2、 These circumstances were far from being ordinary and Smith had a ______ reason for being here personally. A. twofold B. couple C. bilateral D. doubling 3、 He took away ten papers, but only seven were in his pocket. What had become ______ three ? A. of another B. with others C. with the other D. of the other 4、 As a central element of the Zero Hunger Programme, family farming ______ about 40% of agricultural production in Brazil. A. counts for B. accounts for C. consists of D. admits of 5、 It is essential that applicants whose first language is not English ______ sufficient linguistic competence to avoid any delay or difficulty in pursuing their studies. A. had obtained B. would have obtained C. should have obtained D. must obtain 6、 ______ he lived most of his adult life in France, James Joyce's fiction was always set in Ireland. A. Because B. Despite C. Since D. Although 7、 Many people prefer to have their tax forms completed by a professional rather than ______ it themselves. A. doing B. do C. to do D. did 8、 In other words, all mammals, ______ their size, breathe once every four heartbeats. A. regardless B. however C. whatever D. according 9、 The ability to zoom ______ is particularly useful when you are working on detailed diagrams. A. out B. in C. on D. up 10、 The class went to see the performance of Macbeth because it ______ in well with the project they were doing on Scottish history. A. booked B. crammed C. stood D. tied 11、 If you are suffering from high stress ______, or wish to ______ after a tiring day, it is generally advisable to have a change of scene. A. rates; draw back B. levels; wind down C. ratios; peter out D. layers; hold up 12、 With the development of mass entertainment, popular music ______ away and has gradually developed a stronger life of its own to the point where it has become ______ with the classics. A. split; incompatible B. cut; inconsistent C. cracked; incidental D. branched; incongruous 13、 Over the past few years, first radio, and now television, have shown the ______ public, who are after all the electorate, what in fact ______ when government bills are discussed and questions are asked. A. average; turns up B. ordinary; comes up C. general; goes on D. normal; lets on 14、 The first hint of what was to become the most successful means of raising money was the charity record, where the artists donated their time and talent, and the ______ from the sales went to a good ______. A. proceeds; cause B. receipts; enterprise C. returns; agency D. produce; movement 15、 Woman: Hello. Central College. Can I help you? Man: Yes. I'd like to enquire about Music Technology courses at the college. Woman : Certainly. ______? Man: Staples, Buzz Staples. Woman: Just hold on a moment, Mr. Staples. ______ the Music Department. Man: Thanks. A. Anything I can help with; You should contact B. Who do you want to call; Please try calling C. Who's calling, please; I'll put you through to D. Your name, please; I'll show you the way to 16、 Jack: Mark, you know your bike? Mark: Yes, what about it? Jack: You know you said I could borrow it? Mark: Yes. ______, will you? Jack : Well, I did borrow it but, well, I'm afraid I've had a bit of an accident. A. Take it yourself B. Be careful C. Come on D. Get to the point Part ? IQ Test There are 5 IQ Test questions in this part. For each question there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. You are given a series of numbers. Your task is to see how they form a 17、 relationship with each other. You have to choose the number that would go next in the series. 2 3 7 17 39 A. 58. B. 75. C. 85. D. 65. 18、 You are given a series of pictures. Your task is to see how they go together, then work out which will be the next figure in the series. You have to choose one from the four possible answers provided. 19、 If the figure below on the left was folded together it would make a box. Imagine the box is made of paper or card, so that you cannot see through it. You have to say which of the alternatives would be made from the unfolded figure on the left. 20、 Each of these words has a partner, except one. Which is the odd one out? A. doe B. cough C. quay D. queue 21、 The restaurant owner bought two hundred pounds of potatoes which contain 99% water content. The potatoes are left in the sun for 4 hours. Now the total water content of the potatoes is slightly reduced to 96%. What is the total weight of the potatoes now? A. 194.06 pounds. B. 192.08 pounds. C. 150 pounds. D. 50 pounds. Part ? Reading Comperhension Section A There is one passage in this section with 7 questions. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Questions 51 -57 are based on the following passage. When Ruth Redding, an account manager, was sent on a management training course to improve her relationships with her colleagues by learning how to communicate with them more effectively, instead of being asked to address her boss or her peers, she found herself talking to a horse. In fact, during the course, which is organised by Manchester University Business School, Redding found herself standing in a pen whispering to an animal and communicating in a non-aggressive way. This form of communication, which is the subject of the best-selling novel The Horse Whisperer, later filmed with Robert Redford in the starring role, might appear bizarre on a stud farm, let alone a management training course. But horse whispering is among a number of unusual activities now being used to teach staff about every aspect of working life, from self-confidence to communication. In the 1980s and 1990s, it became fashionable to dump executives on a remote mountainside, or windswept Scottish isle, and leave them to survive a weekend in order to develop initiative, build team spirit and promote leadership skills. An alternative to the classic "chalk and talk" format, with the lecturer and obedient staff seated round a table, it all seemed wild and rather outlandish. Today, by comparison, it looks increasingly tame. A new generation of management training gurus are adopting a different approach. In Italy, stressed executives have been dressing up as gladiators to confront each other as their ancient forebears did, and in America, sales-people are herding cattle, while in Britain, one supermarket reportedly put its executives in Native American teepees for a weekend to develop a spirit of co-operation. Naturally, the originators of these new courses claim to have respectable psychological theories to back them up. Tudor Rickards, a professor at Manchester, was intrigued when he heard about the work done by the famous horse whisperer, Monty Roberts. "The idea is that instead of 'breaking' the horse, you co-operate with it. Traditionally, you would coax a horse into a box and then reward it by slamming the door shut. Monty leads the horse in and out of the box and offers it a reward," explains Professor Rickards. "Monty's approach is founded on the recognition of a foal's instinctive desire to be part of the herd. " He matched this with research from the Industrial Society, which revealed that often the difference between a successful and unsuccessful leader is trust. "As they observe the way horses react to certain behavior, participants think about how they themselves or other colleagues react to different management styles," explains Professor Rickards. "The discussion often leads to one about experiences of bullying and abusive behavior, a discussion that might not otherwise surface in a leadership course. We'vefound this helps the participants draw fine distinctions between being tough, being assertive, being supportive and being soft. " Team building is also the aim of murder mystery days run by a company called Corporate Pursuits. Actors mingle with participants and play out a scene until someone is found "murdered" Clues, such as photographs, personal items or a cryptic message, are arranged around the room, and small teams, often pitted against each other, will work to solve the mystery under the gaze of trained observers. Although fun and a sense of release is important, managing director Mandie Chester Bristow admits that this type of corporate clue do occasionally meets with skepticism among clients. "On one occasion, people were messing around and not taking it seriously at all, so I had to say to them, 'You're behaving like a bunch of school children. ' " Another challenge can be reporting the observers' findings. "We would never say, 'You've failed, ' if they didn't identify the murderer correctly. Instead, we would praise them for the progress they made and how they worked together as a team. " "There are lots of gimmicks in training and headline-grabbing courses at the moment, but what they deliver is often variable," says Nick Isles of the Industrial Society. "People often say afterwards that they enjoyed the event, but it's very difficult to measure how much they've actually learned from it. " He argues that ongoing training in the work place, or courses that last months, are a better way of improving aspects of business such as productivity and customer service. Questions: 22、 In the first paragraph, what does the writer say about the technique Ruth Redding found herself practising.9 A. It is a way of learning how to address your boss properly. B. It is designed to help managers relax. C. It is perfectly acceptable in its original context. D. It is popular despite its eccentricity. 23、 According to the writer, management training techniques in the late 1900s were regarded as ______. A. undesirable B. innovative C. effective D. demoralising 24、 What does the writer imply about modern management training schemes in the third paragraph? A. They have a tendency to be more exciting. B. Their content can actually create stress. C. Their creators are convinced of their effectiveness. D. They were developed in a spirit of co-operation. 25、 Rickards found Monty Roberts's ideas interesting because Roberts had ______. A. based his methods on traditional horse-training techniques B. recognised the importance of developing bonding techniques C. dispensed with the idea of rewarding the horse he was training D. worked tirelessly with others to come up with a new theory 26、 Research carried out by Rickards and the Industrial Society showed that ______. A. course discussions sometimes resulted in frank exchanges of opinion B. course participants reacted negatively to different management styles C. participants became less supportive of one another as the courses progressed D. the bonds of trust between course participants and horses became stronger 27、 What comment does Mandie Chester Bristow make about course participants in paragraph 6? A. They enjoy indulging in games they played in their childhood. B. Those who "lose" the game feel they have underachieved. C. They sometimes need convincing of the value of the activities. D. They are happy in the knowledge that they are being freed from stress. 28、 What is Nick Isles's opinion of the new-style training courses? A. Their quality is always consistent. B. Their effectiveness is quantifiable. C. Alternative courses are more easily set up. D. Alternative courses can be more efficient. Section B In this section, there is one passage followed by 7 statements. Go over the passage quickly and mark the answers on the Answer Sheet. For questions 58-64, mark Y (for Yes) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for No) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for Not Given) if the information is not given in the passage. Questions 58-64 are based on the following passage. For the first century or so of the industrial revolution, increased productivity led to decreases in working hours. Employees who had been putting in 12-hour days, six days a week, found their time on the job shrinking to 10 hours daily, then, finally, to eight hours, five days a week. Only a generation ago social planners worried about what people would do with all this new-found free time. In the U. S. , at least, it seems they need not have bothered. Although the output per hour of work has more than doubled since 1945, leisure seems reserved largely for the unemployed and underemployed. Those who work full-time spend as much time on the job as they did at the end of World War II. In fact, working hours have increased noticeably since 1970--perhaps because real wages have stagnated since that year. Bookstores now abound with manuals describing how to manage time and cope with stress. There are several reasons for lost leisure. Since 1979, companies have responded to improvements in the business climate by having employees work overtime rather than by hiring extra personnel, says economist Juliet B. Schor of Harvard University. Indeed, the current economic recovery has gained a certain amount of notoriety for its "jobless" nature: increased production has been almost entirely decoupled from employment. Some firms are even downsizing as their profits climb. "All things being equal, we'd be better off spreading around the work, " observes labour economist Ronald G. Ehrenberg of Cornell University. Yet a host of factors pushes employers to hire fewer workers for more hours and, at the same time, compels workers to spend more time on the job. Most of those incentives involve what Ehrenberg calls the structure of compensation: quirks in the way salaries and benefits are organised that make it more profitable to ask 40 employees to labour an extra hour each than to hire one more worker to do the same 40-hour job. Professional and managerial employees supply the most obvious lesson along these lines. Once people are on salary, their cost to a firm is the same whether they spend 35 hours a week in the office or 70. Diminishing returns may eventually set in as overworked employees lose efficiency or leave for more arable pastures. But in the short run, the employer's incentive is clear. Even hourly employees receive benefits--such as pension contributions and medical insurance-that are not tied to the number of hours they work. Therefore, it is more profitable for employers to work their existing employees harder. For all that employees complain about long hours, they, too, have reasons not to trade money for leisure. "People who work reduced hours pay a huge penalty in career terms," Schor maintains. "It's taken as a negative signal about their commitment to the firm. " [Lotte] Bailyn [of Massachusetts Institute of Technology] adds that many corporate managers find it difficult to measure the contribution of their underlings to a firm's wellbeing, so they use the number of hours worked as a proxy for output. "Employees know this," she says, and they adjust their behavior accordingly. "Although the image of the good worker is the one whose life belongs to the company," Bailyn says, "it doesn't fit the facts. " She cites both quantitative and qualitative studies that show increased productivity for part-time workers: they make better use of the time they have, and they are less likely to succumb to fatigue in stressful jobs. Companies that employ more workers for less time also gain from the resulting redundancy, she asserts. "The extra people can cover the contingencies that you know are going to happen, such as when crises take people away from the workplace. " Positive experiences with reduced hours have begun to change the more-is-better culture at some companies, Schor reports. Larger firms, in particular, appear to be more willing to experiment with flexible working arrangements... It may take even more than changes in the financial and cultural structures of employment for workers successfully to trade increased productivity and money for leisure time, Schor contends. She says the U. S. market for goods has become skewed by the assumption of full-time, two-career households. Automobile makers no longer manufacture cheap models, and developers do not build the tiny bungalows that served the first postwar generation of home buyers. Not even the humblest household object is made without a microprocessor. As Schor notes, the situation is a curious inversion of the "appropriate technology" vision that designers have had for developing countries: U. S. goods are appropriate only for high incomes and long hours. Statements: 29、 During the industrial revolution people worked harder. 30、 Today, employees are facing a reduction in working hours. 31、 Social planners have been consulted about U. S. employment figures. 32、 Real salaries have not risen significantly since the 1970s. 33、 The economic recovery created more jobs. 34、 Bailyn's research shows that part-time employees work more efficiently. 35、 Increased leisure time would benefit two-career households. Section C You are going to read an article from a newspaper. Six paragraphs have been removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs (A-G. the one which fits each gap (65-70). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet. Questions 65-70 are based on the following passage. Cruising may not be everyone's idea of entertainment yet it would hardly be the same without its traditional British teatime. There is no better way of breaking down social barriers either. Or so I found when I enjoyed a cup of tea with an anonymous-looking passenger aboard the smart ship I had joined. 65. ______ Sharing tea with a celebrity may not be a normal cruising experience, but the Seabourn Spirit is no run-of-the-mill vessel. Nor aboard most cruise ships are you served high-quality leaf tea--it is usually tea-bags, even if it is in a silver pot. 66. ______ And with due reverence to the clientele, it was personal treatment all the way. With a passenger-crew ratio of almost one-to-one, there was never any chance of the delays you might experience on other craft. Nor do you find many lines where the staff are so quick and keen to learn your particular tastes. 67. ______ In what other ship, I wonder, would the cabin stewardess put a marker in your paperback so you would not lose your place? A small detail--but little pleasures add up to give maximum satisfaction. Yet such high standards might daunt some, fearing that it will be far from relaxing having to live up to them. But I have not often been on such a happy-go-lucky cruise. Be we president or pleb, we were all treated as equals, and I have been on much less distinguished ships with more marked social mores. Just to illustrate my point: aboard Seabourn Spirit, there were just three formal dinners, and not all the men wore dinner jackets. Most evenings were casual or informal. Full silver service meals were available in your cabin as part of the 24-hour waiter service. Passengers could also choose between the main dining room and the veranda care. The cuisine was worthy of such a ship and, if it was too nouvelle for some, at least it made eating those cream cakes at tea less of a worry. 68. ______ If there was any problem, it was overcoming the temptation to become a seagoing hermit. All the cabins have broad picture windows and living areas with settee, soft chairs, table and desk. And there is plenty of room for the queen-size bed. The marble bathrooms are a good size with a decent tub-shower and double wash-basins. Most convenient is a closet with enough wooden coat hangers for a debutante's ball and plenty of room for luggage. 69. ______ A highlight of our tour was a visit to the scenic resort of Yalta and the Livadiya Palace, where Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin held their famous conference in 1945 that decided much of the fate of post-war Europe. And we paid a rare cruise ship call to Sevastopol. Mooring near a flotilla of heavily armed warships in what is still a big naval base was one of the more thought-provoking experiences. 70. ______ The main port brought back the smiles--a chance at last to indulge in that cruise essential, shopping, but with a touch of culture. As a mark of the special attention given to the passengers, the line booked the opera house for an exclusive ballet performance. Even if cruising is not your cup of tea, this is almost certainly the ship to change your mind. Paragraphs : A. The passenger clearly seemed to be enjoying the occasion. During a gale, however, he might have wished he was back in port. Seasickness can afflict anyone. A good pair of sea legs is one of the few comforts not provided on a ship where every effort is made to satisfy passengers' whims. B. Yet nothing moved our emotions more than when we were driven to the site of the Valley of Death. Today, it is a sylvan scene. Had it not been for Olga, our guide, the horror of it would have remained hidden. In perfect English, she recited Tennyson's Charge of the Light Brigade. I saw the American woman beside me shed a tear. She was not the only one. C. A more potent concern, even before boarding, was not over-eating but overdrinking. One reason for such high fares is that drinks are included without extra charge. But the mainly elderly passengers stayed as sober as judges--as several were, in fact. D. Although under 10,000 tons, a midget of the ocean waves, what it lacks in size it makes up for in quality. "Luxury" is a much abused word, yet this ship deserves the description. "Exclusive" may be a better word if you reckon on the ability to pay an average of more than , 550 a day for the pleasure of being there. It was not surprising, therefore, that the majority of the 188 passengers on our 12-night jaunt from Istanbul to the Black Sea and Aegean came from the richer golden lodes of the social strata. E. My fridge, too, was stocked to the gunnels. As another compulsion to remain in blissful isolation, the television also relays the ship' s daily lectures on port news and travel subjects. There were half a dozen grander suites with separate rooms and a balcony. If you could tear yourself away from the room or felt like a more academic pastime, the ship also had its own library, but it would take a world cruise at least to read through the edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica that was included. F. Nothing boosts egos more, or makes one feel more at home, than having the steward know without being reminded that your breakfast croissants should be only slightly warm and that you prefer Orange Pekoe to Darjeeling. G. Sipping from his cup English-style (with milk) with obvious pleasure, he told me: "I enjoy it very much although we do grow excellent tea in my country, Indonesia. It's called Col Para. Did you know that it is a favourite kind of your Queen?" This surprised me but then who am I to dispute a former president of his country? Section D In this section, there is one passage followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. Read the passage carefully, then answer each question or complete each statement in a maximum of 10 words. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet. Questions 71-75 are based on the following passage. A massive dinosaur hatchery containing thousands of fossilized eggs and dozens of embryos has been discovered in the Patagonia region of Argentina, a find that should give researchers their first insight into the embryonic development of these fascinating animals. The eggs were laid by sauropods-placid, plant-eating dinosaurs with long necks and tails and a small head-over an area of at least a square mile along ancient stream beds, an American and Argentine team said at a news conference in Washington, DC. The find represents the first embryonic fossils containing remnants of skin, the first sauropod embryos and the first dinosaur embryos found in the Southern Hemisphere. Perhaps more importantly, the deposit contains embryos with a broad cross-section of gestational ages and should thus provide paleontologists with their first good look at how the creatures developed during their early stages of life. "There are more than 200 sites around the world with fossils of dinosaur eggs, but only a half-dozen that contain embryos," said paleontologist Philip Currie of the Royal Tyrrell Museum in Alberta. "And these are the most spectacular embryos ever found. " The team members literally stumbled across the specimens. On the second day of their expedition last year, they found the site, which was littered with fossils of egg shells. "You couldn't take a step without walking on shell fragments," said Luis M. Chiappe, of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, co-leader of the expedition. The team named the site Auca Mahuevo for its tremendous abundance of eggs ( huevos in Spanish). The eggs were round, about 5 to 6 inches in diameter. Had they hatched, the baby dinosaurs inside would have started life a mere 15 inches long, but grown to a length of 45 feet. Many of the eggs contained not only fossils of the bones of the embryonic dinosaurs, but also fossils of skin fragments. "That is remarkable because the skin is such a delicate structure and is very rarely preserved in fossil form," Chiappe said. "The skin of a dinosaur embryo has never been discovered before. " Because the team has discovered specimens of different gestational ages, researchers will be able to chart the growth of the embryos within the eggs, measuring the growth rate of bones, for example, and the order in which various organs formed. "We can know the pattern of development of dinosaurs that lived millions of years ago and compare it to modern reptiles," Chiappe said. " That has not been possible with any other dinosaurs. " The team does not know yet precisely which type of sauropod dinosaur produced the eggs, but the discovery of tiny teeth in some eggs provides an intriguing clue. One embryo alone has at least 32 individual, pencil-shaped teeth, each small enough to fit easily into the capital "O" at the beginning of this sentence. The only sauropod dinosaurs with teeth this shape that were alive during the period when the fossils were formed were titanosaurs. The remains of titanosaurs are common near Auca Mahuevo, making it very likely that the embryos belong to this group. Questions: 42、 Where were those dinosaur eggs found? 43、 The find represents ______, the first sauropod embryos and the first dinosaur embryos found in the Southern Hemisphere. 44、 The site where those dinosaur eggs were found got its name Auca Mahuevo because of ______. 45、 Why will researchers be able to decide the order of formation of various organs of the dinosaur? 46、 What makes it likely that the newly found embryos belong to the group of titanosaurs? Section E In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully and complete the summary below by choosing a maximum of three words from the passage to fill in the spaces 76-80. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet. Questions 76-80 are based on the following passage. Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees. Unlike the minerals and oil used to make plastics and metals, trees are replaceable. Paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discarded. While 45 out of every 100 tonnes of wood fibre used to make paper in Australia comes from waste paper, the rest comes directly from virgin fibre from forests and plantations. By world standards this is a good performance since the worldwide average is 33 per cent waste paper. Governments have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes and, at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibre. As a result, industry's use of recycled fibres is expected to increase at twice the rate of virgin fibre over the coming years. Already, waste paper constitutes 70% of paper used for packaging, and advances in the technology required to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled content in newsprint and writing paper. To achieve the benefits of recycling, the community must also contribute. We need to accept a change in the quality of paper products; for example stationery may be less white and of a rougher texture. There also needs to be support from the community for waste paper collection programs. Not only do we need to make the paper available to collectors but it also needs to be separated into different types and sorted from contaminants such as staples, paperclips, string and other miscellaneous items. There are technical limitations to the amount of paper which can be recycled and some paper products cannot be collected for re-use. These include paper in the form of books and permanent records, photographic paper and paper which is badly contaminated. The four most common sources of paper for recycling are factories and retail stores which gather large amounts of packaging material in which goods are delivered, also offices which have unwanted business documents and computer output, paper converters and printers and lastly households which discard newspapers and packaging material. The paper manufacturer pays a price for the paper and may also incur the collection cost. Once collected, the paper has to be sorted by hand by people trained to recognize various types of paper. This is necessary because some types of paper can only he made from particular kinds of recycled fibre. The sorted paper then has to be repulped or mixed with water and broken down into its individual fibres. This mixture is called stock and may contain a wide variety of contaminating materials, particularly if it is made from mixed waste paper which has had little sorting. Various machinery is used to remove other materials from the stock. After passing through the repulping process, the fibres from printed waste paper are grey in colour because the printing ink has soaked into the individual fibres. This recycled material can only be used in products where the grey colour does not matter, such as cardboard boxes but if the grey colour is not acceptable, the fibres must be de-inked. This involves adding chemicals such as caustic soda or other alkalis, soaps and detergents, water-hardening agents such as calcium chloride, frothing agents and bleaching agents. Before the recycled fibres can be made into paper they must be refined or treated in such a way that they bond together. Most paper products must contain some virgin fibre as well as recycled fibres and unlike glass, paper cannot be recycled indefinitely. Most paper is down-cycled which means that a product made from recycled paper is of an inferior quality to the original paper. Recycling paper is beneficial in that it saves some of the energy, labour and capital that goes into producing virgin pulp. However, recycling requires the use of fossil fuel, a nonrenewable energy source, to collect the waste paper from the community and to process it to produce new paper. And the recycling process still creates emissions which require treatment before they can be disposed of safely. Nevertheless, paper recycling is an important economical and environmental practice but one which must be carried out in a rational and viable manner for it to be useful to both industry and the community. Summary: From the point of view of recycling, paper has two advantages over minerals and oil in that firstly it comes from a resource which is 47 and secondly it is less threatening to our environment when we throw it away because it is 48 . Although Australia's record in the re-use of waste paper is good, it is still necessary to use a combination of recycled fibre and 49 to make new paper. The paper industry has contributed positively and people have also been encouraged by the government to collect their waste on a regular basis. One major difficulty is the removal of 50 from used paper but advances are being made in this area. However, we need to learn to accept paper which is generally of a lower quality than before and to sort our waste paper by removing 51 before discarding it for collection. Part ? Cloze There are 10 blanks in the passage. Use the words given in the box to fill in the blanks, changing the form when necessary. Use only one word in each blank. There are two extra words which you do not need to use. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet. appear, competitive, corporate, corrupt, differ, ethics, interest, nation, present, sponsor, volunteer, co-worker A surprising number of employees in large companies report feeling pressure to "do the wrong thing. " One out of eight workers reported their 52 or managers somehow pressured them to do something against the company's ethical standards. Such internal 53 has led several large companies into difficulty and even to complete failure. When a large corporation fails due to corruption, a clear message is sent to the public, and business students in particular. That message is "in life and in business, 54 behavior will get you in trouble. " It 55 more students are getting this message as enrollment in Business Ethics courses rises. 56 , however, very few MBA programs in North America require students to take any Business Ethics courses. For this reason, the 57 organization called Students in Free Enterprise (SIFE. is actively working to train young business people to make ethical business decisions. SIFE works through teams of university students who 58 their time to work on training courses and to develop projects. These teams can be found on more than 1,500 campuses in 37 countries around the world. The organization is supported by faculty advisors on these campuses, and many international 59 take part in events organized by SIFE. The courses and programs 60 by SIFE are aimed at helping young businesspeople better themselves, their communities, and their countries. Each year, the teams from each university write an annual report of their activities and give a 61 in a competition where the best team is awarded the SIFE World Cup. Part ? Translation Section A Translate the underlined sentences in the following passage into Chinese. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet. Is the glass half-full or half-empty? Depends whether you're an optimist or a pessimist. But those two words are more than casual labels: research has established that 62 optimists have a consistent and upbeat way of dealing with adversity and that they are more successful in work, health and life in general than pessimists. Optimists bounce back from trying times, generally with good grace, and see failure as a stepping-stone to success. Any problem tends to be minimised and dealt with later while the rest of life goes on as usual. 63 Their upbeat approach, resilience and perseverance makes them ideal for jobs in high- pressure areas where setbacks are part of the territory: sales, brokering, public relations, presenting, creative jobs and high burn-out posts. They are often a company's visionaries. Pessimists, however, risk unravelling and sinking into depression when one thread of their life breaks. They are less likely to cope well with setbacks; they give up early or seek excuses. Both types can be identified through optimism profiling, based on the pioneering work of American psychologist Martin Seligman, of the University of Pennsylvania. Various studies, quoted in Seligman's book, Learned Optimism, found that pessimists have twice as many infectious diseases as optimists. 64 In hundreds of studies, people with high optimism scores out-performed and out-produced those with low scores, equating in sales terms to 20 to 40 percent greater productivity. More recent research shows optimistic and resilient people's belief that they have control over seemingly uncontrollable events enables specific molecules to be released by the brain that increase stress resilience, reduce anxiety and make for a less vivid emotional memory of stressful events. 65 What you think and how you explain good and bad events to yourself is the key to resilience. Heavy pessimism can be moderated. Among the techniques is "thought-stopping", a way of blocking unhelpful rumination--you make an appointment with yourself to worry about it, and the unconscious mind feels relieved of it. And in practice, people generally never get around to the appointment--the need to worry has gone. Another major technique is learning how to dispute one's own critical internal explanations. However, mild pessimism does have its place. 66 According to Seligman, the mildly downbeat do well in low-pressure settings on jobs requiring a keen sense of realism: design and safety engineering, contract negotiation, law, statistics, technical writing, quality control, industrial relations management, and technical and cost estimating. Says Seligman: "The company also needs its pessimists; they must make sure grim reality intrudes upon the optimists. The treasurers, the business administrators, the safety engineers--all these need an accurate sense of how much the company can afford, and of danger. " Section B Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet. 67、 你必须记住，如果你失去信心，你就没有更多的东西可以失去了。 (bear in mind) 68、 在经济发展中，我们要特别重视人口控制、资源节约和环境保护。 ( attach to) 69、 他一生中每天都以某种方式有所提高。 (never... not) 70、 建立一个稳固的家庭不公可以为未来的成功打下基础，而且会赋予生活列深刻的意义。(not only... but) 71、 我甚至没有同他说话，当然更谈不上跟他谈你的问题了。 (much less) Part ? Writing Task ? 72、 You have recently visited this Internet website. Write a letter to a friend in which you: -say why you visited the site -describe what the site offers -say whether you think your friend would enjoy visiting the site too. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Wang Peng" instead You do not need to write the address. Now write the letter on the Answer Sheet. Task ? 73、 Directions: Some people say television has altered family life dramatically. Write an article for your school magazine, putting forward your views. You should write about 160 words on the Answer Sheet. 答案: Part I Listening Comperhension 1、1-30 略 Part ? Vocabulary and Structure 2、A 句意:这里的状况完全不在正轨上，史密斯先生有双倍的理由亲自参加。twofold两倍的。couple(一)双，(一)对。bilateral双边的。doubling加倍。 3、D 句意:他拿了10份文件，但是在他的口袋里只有7份，其余三份呢?本题旨在考another与the other的区别。Another表示三者以上当中的另外一个，the other表示两部分当中剩下的另外一部分。become of发生…情况。 4、B 句意:作为零饥饿项目的核心部分，家庭农场生产占了巴西农业生产的40%左右。counts for有价值，有重要性。accounts for说明(原因等)，(在数量方面)占。consists of由…组成。admit of有…的可能(有…的余地)。 5、C 句意:对第一语言为非英语的人来说，具备足够的语言学习能力对减少求学过程中的困难和滞后性至关重要。本题旨在考虚拟语气的用法。 6、D 句意:尽管James Joyce的成年时期大部分是在法国度过的，但他的小说总是以爱尔兰为背景。despite尽管，是介词，用来连接短语或名词成分。although尽管，是连词，连接句子。 7、B 句意:许多人喜欢由专业人事来完成他们的税收申报表格，而不是由他们自己亲自完成。prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事，在此句型中rather than后面要用动词原形，所以B选项正确。 8、C 句意:换句话说，所有的哺乳动物，不论大小，每心跳四次就会呼吸一次。regardless需和of连用表示“不管，无论…”。however可是。whatever无论，可直接修饰名词。according通常和to连用，表示“根据，依照”。 9、B 句意:在做详细的图表时，具备能够放大的性能尤其有用。zoom in放大，固定搭配。zoom out缩小。 10、D 句意:同学们去看戏剧《麦克白》了，因为它正好和他们正在研究的关于苏格兰历史的项目一致。tie in with与…一致，配合。book预定。cram死记硬背;填满。stand站立。 11、B 句意:如果你正承受着沉重的压力或是劳累了一天后想尽快放松下来，通常来说换个新环境是很有效的。stress level压力程度，生活压力，固定搭配。wind down(人工作/激动后)放松下来;(指钟表)慢下来。draw back撒回，收回(承诺等)，拉起，退却。peter out逐渐减少。hold up举起，支持住，阻挡。 12、A 句意:随着大众娱乐的发展，流行音乐独树一帜逐渐形成了自己独特而强壮的生存方式，它的风格已经与古典音乐完全不一样了。split away劈开，(使)裂开。cut away切掉，砍掉，逃走。branch away分叉，岔开。incompatible不一致的，不协调的，不相容的。inconsistent强调在整体目的、安排或内容上的不一致性。incongruous不和谐，尤指人或事间的不合适或不适当。incidental偶然的。 13、C 句意:在过去的数年中，先是广播，现在是电视，向公众，也就是选民，展示了政府议案的讨论过程和问题的处理过程。general public公众，为固定搭配。go on发生，依靠，接近。turn up到场，发生。come up(with)想出，提出。let on泄露。 14、A proceeds(从事某种活动或变卖财物等的)收入，收益，与后面的sales搭配。good cause慈善机构，善事，与前文“the charity record”呼应。receipt收条，收据。return归还，回报。produce提出，出示。enterprise企业，事业。agency代理处，行销处。movement运动，动作。 15、C 由后面女士称男士为Mr. Staples可知第一个空女士在问男士的名字，排除选项A、B。由女士最后一句话说“Just hold on a moment”可知此对话是在电话中进行的，排除选项D。put sb. through to为某人把电话接通到…。 16、D Jack拐弯抹角盼说了很多，不着重点，Mark要求他有话直说。 Part ? IQ Test 17、C 2+1=3，3+4=7，7+10=17，17+22=39，继而寻找1，4，10，22之间的规律。1+3=4，4+6=10，10+12=22，3，6，12之间是两倍递增关系，按规律，它们的下一个数值是 12×2=24。22+24=46，39+46=85，故选项C为正确答案。 18、A 依次把立方体向右旋转可得到下一图。 19、A 在左图中，把左边的第一个方块作为底边时，带黑色三角的方块在旁边出现，因而可知A图正确。 20、B cue与queue同音，key与quay同音，prohpet与profit同音，court与caught同音，dough与doe同音，draught与draft同音，cheque与check同音，因而只有cough没有与其读音相同的词。 21、D 假设蒸发掉的水的重量为x，根据题意，可以得出如下方程式:(200×99%-x)/(200-x)=96%。得出x=150，现在土豆的总重量为200-150=50(磅)。 Part ? Reading Comperhension Section A 22、D 文章第一段最后一句指出But horse whispering is among a number of unusual activities now being used to teach staff…这种不同寻常的马语方式被用来培训公司员工，这与选项D“它现在很流行尽管它很怪异”相吻合。eccentricity古怪的行为，怪癖。 23、B 文章第二段最后一句指出An alternative to the classic "chalk and talk" …and rather outlandish. 这种方法是基于传统教学方法的另一选择，由此可知这种方法相对于传统的方法来说是一种创新。outlandish外国味的。 24、C 文章第三段最后一句指出naturally, the originators of these…to back them up. 这些课程的发明者有坚实的心理学理论支撑他们，因而可以看出其中所隐含的意思，他们深信他们发明的课程很有效。back up支持。 25、B 文章第四段指出explains Professor Rickards. "Monty's approach is founded on the recognition of a foal's instinctive desire to be part of the herd." “Rickards解释到，Monty的研究方法是建立在马天生喜好群居生活的认识基础上。”bonding亲密关系，粘合。所以B选项符合题意。 26、A 文章第四段后半部分指出The discussion often leads to one about experiences of bullying and abusive behavior，…由此可知他们是flank exchanges of opinion。 27、C 文章第六段指出Mandie Chester Bristow admits that this type of corporate clue do occasionally meets with skepticism among clients.…偶尔会遇到顾客的怀疑，因此，相应地有时候他们需要说服顾客相信此项活动的价值。skepticism怀疑。 28、D 文章最后一句话指出He argues that ongoing training in the work place，or courses that last months, are a better way of improving aspects of business such as productivity and customer service. 即，作为替代，ongoing training in the work place或courses that last months对于提高诸如生产力和顾客服务等商业运作会起到更好的效果。”Alternative courses替代课程，备选课程。所以D选项正确。 Section B 29、NG 文中并没有提及在工业革命期间，工人更加卖力的工作。 30、 文中提到过缩短工作时间，但并不是指今天。 31、NG 该陈述文中并没有提到。 32、 文中第二段提到working hours have increased…real wages have stagnated since that year “工作时间增加了，实际工资并没增加。” 33、 文中第三段指出经济复苏并没有创造更多的工作岗位而是decoupled from employment。decouple from不影响，与…脱离关系。 34、 文章倒数第三段提到She cites…that show increased productivity for part-time workers。 35、NG 该陈述文中并没有提到。 Section C 36、 第一段最后一句提到我曾与一个没有明显特征的旅客在一艘船上很愉快地喝茶。而选项G正好是这样一种场景的描述，故选项G为正确答案。anonymous-looking没有明显特征的。 37、 第三段仍在渲染气氛，第五段意思有了转折，由“reverence to the clientele”可知空格处应该填一个具有承上启下作用的句子。D选项最符合。 38、 空格67后面的自然段在讲船上的服务，无论你是平民还是总统在这艘船上都会受到同样的待遇，而且船上的用餐服务让人感到很满意和舒服。因而选择可以锁定在选项F上。 39、 前面讲餐饮，而空格后在讲你可以躲在房间成为一个隐士，根据所给出的选项，可知C选项符合题意。 40、 空格69后面的一段所表达的意思与69前面一段的所表达的意不在同一层面，空格69要么承上，要么启下，根据所给出的选项，E选项能起到承上的作用。 41、 根据空格70前面的一段话，可知B选项更符合题意。 Section D 42、in the Patagonia region of Argentina (文章第一句明确提到恐龙蛋化石是在阿根廷的巴塔哥尼亚发现的。) 43、the first embryonic fossils containing remnants of skin (参见文章第三段原话。) 44、its tremendous abundance of eggs (文章第七段第一句话明确提到发现恐龙蛋化石的地点因在此发现的蛋数量巨大而被命名为Auca Mahuevoo) 45、Because the team has discovered specimens of different gestational ages. (文章第九段原话。) 46、The tiny teeth found in some eggs (文章倒数第二段第三句提到在某些蛋中发现了一些微小的牙齿，最后一段提到同一时期具有此形状牙齿的sauropod恐龙只有titanosaurs。因此将新发现的胚胎归类为titanosaurs的原因是在蛋中发现了微小的牙齿。) Section E 47、sustainable/replaceable 文章第一句话提到Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource…and trees are replaceable，因而摘要中应该填sustainable/replaceable。 48、biodegradable 文章第一段第三句明确提到纸是生物可降解的，因此被扔到环境中后危害不大。 49、virgin fibre 文章第一段第四句原话。 50、ink 文章第二段提到remove ink from the paper。 51、contaminants 文章第四段详细陈述了在搜集这些废纸的时候，我们要去掉上面的污物。contaminants污物，污染物。 Part ? Cloze 52、co-workers 由后面的managers可知前面应该填与此词性与词义相近的词，从题中所给出的词来看，只有co-workers合适。 53、corruption 前一句提到公司的同事和经理常常要求他们做一些有违公司道德水准的事，由such可知空处的意思是承接前一句，即公司内部的腐败导致大公司倒闭。 54、unethical that message指前面提到的腐败导致大公司倒闭，空格处需要填一个用来修饰behavior的形容词，本句的意思是不道德的行为会让你产生麻烦。 55、appears 这一事件的出现对商学院的学生会产生影响，用it来做形式主语，缺少一个动词，本句的句意是它的出现让许多的学生去选商业道德课。 56、Interestingly 本句并不缺少主谓宾，缺一个能单独使用的词，根据本句的句意“然而，有趣的是，在北美，MBA的学生都要参加商业道德课。”“Interestingly”较适合。 57、international 前面提到的是北美，不可能是一个国家，因而应该填international。 58、volunteer 学生自选时间参加培训课程。 59、corporations international corporations跨国公司。 60、sponsored 该课程和该项目是由SIFE发起的。 61、presentation 由前面的report可知，后面应该填presentation。 Part ? Translation Section A 62、乐观的人以一种稳定、积极的方式来应对逆境，而且总的来说他们在工作、健康状况以及生活方面都比悲观的人成功。 (upbeat乐观的，欢乐的。in general总的来说。注意that后面的译法，将介词in引导的状语放前边，使句子更符合中文的习惯。) 63、他们积极的办事方式、适应能力以及顽强毅力使得他们更适于从事压力大的工作，而在从事压力大的工作时挫折是在所难免的。 (resilience适应力，恢复力。perseverance顽强的毅力。setback挫折。 64、上百项研究显示，乐观指数高的人在工作表现和工作数量上都超过乐观指数低的人，用营销术语来说，就是他们的产量要高出20-40%。 (两个with引导的短语在句中作状语，修饰people，谓语动词是out-performed and out-produced。现在分词equating在句中做状语。) 65、不管事情是好是坏，从你自己怎么想、怎么解释就能看出你的适应能力。 (在翻译此句时采用了增词法，增加了“不管”，使句意更加连惯，更加通顺。) 66、Seligman认为，情绪轻微低落的人在工作压力低的环境中从事具体工作往往能干好。 (the mildly downbeat情绪低落的人。setting环境。“requiring a keen sense of realism”现在分词作后置定语，修饰lobs，要注意其表达的意思，在翻译的时候译为“从事具体工作”。) Section B 67、 You must bear in mind that if you lose confidence, you have nothing more to lose. (本题旨在考察，bear in mind的用法，后面用that引导宾主从句。) 68、 In economic development, great importance must / should be attached to population control, resource conservation and environmental protection. (attach importance to... 重视…。) 69、 There's never been a day in his life that / when he didn't improve in some way. (本句翻译采用了正说反译法，双重否定表示肯定。) 70、 Not only does building a strong family lay the foundation for future success, but it also gives life deeper meaning. (本题旨在考察not only... but的用法。not only位于句首引导句子时，要采用部分倒装，即把助动词或情态动词提至主语之前。) 71、 I didn't even speak to him, much less discuss your problem with him. ( much less更不必说，只能用于否定句中。) Part ? Writing Task ? 72、Dear Sam, I am writing this letter to share with you a website I found when I was surfing the internet. A few weeks ago, I wanted to find some discount information, and came to this website-www. studentzone, org. uk. It is a really cool student zone ! There is lots of information for us such as entertainment, news, careers, shopping, and health columns and so on. You must enjoy it if you browse it. This website updates its contents frequently, especially the popular music. And what's more, its careers column provides huge amount of information of open positions. The information will definitely help you relax and work more efficiently! Sincerely yours, Wang Peng Task ? 73、 Nowadays almost everyone in the world has access to TV. Television has caused significant changes in family life. Some of these changes have been positive while some have been negative. Before television was invented, many families were informed by newspapers or the radio. The invention of television brought home a new choice. No other media could ever show people so much information. Even families in isolated areas can know for themselves what is happening in the world. This gives them the power to make their own decisions and form their own opinions. However, the changes have not all been positive. Before television was widely available, families spent more time together talking and playing games. They seemed much closer to each other than modern families. Also, many people waste a lot of time watching poor quality programs which do not have a positive influence. People get a bad impression of the real world from such programs. To sum up, there are strong positive effects of TV in terms of its informative role on family members, but it also has in many ways altered families in a negative sense.