define the following terms

1.define the following terms(5*5=25points) (1)displacement of language (2)Distinctive feature in phonology (3) cognitive metaphor (4) foreground theory in literature (5) Phrase Structure Grammer in TG 2. Compare and contrast the following pairs of terms in the field of language learning and teaching(3*5=15points). (1)"top-down"process and "bottom-up"process; (2)"extroversion" and "introversion"; (3)"content validity" and "construst validity" in testing; 3.Answer the following question briefly(2*10=20points) (1)What the main idea of Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?Do you agree or not? (2)How do you understand the cohesion and coherence of a text? 4.What is Acculturation Theory? What implications does this theory have for the pratice of language teaching and learning?(10points) 5.What are cognitive variables?In what ways do cognitive variables facilitate or constrain language acquistion?(10points) 6.State the Cooperative Principle and the four maxims put forward by Grice.what did Sperber and Wilison aim to develop from Grice in the Relevance theory(15points) 7.Imagine you have just observed an English lesson.what criteria would you like to use to evaluate the effectiveness of the lesson?List at least 5 items and give your reasons(10points) 8.Illustrate with examples what Functional Grammar in systemic Functional Linguistic is.(15points) 9.Some people claim that a learner's competence of his native language proficiency will determine,or influence,his or her second language learning.Do you agree or disagree with this statement?Give your reason for argument.(15points) 10."Wanting to learn is more important than having to learn".How do you understand this statement?How do you apply it in the English class?(15points) 1. 无选项完形填空。20个空20分。关于学习第二语言的益处的一篇文章。 2. 选择最佳小标题(段落主旨大意)。一篇关于一个特别的festival的文章。6段,给了8个小标题,让选出6个填在正确的段落上。18分。 3. 将抽出的段落回归文章。一篇关于科学研究的文章。每隔一段就抽出一段,抽出的段落附在文章后面,共6段,多给了一个干扰段,让选出这6段,并插在正确的位置上。18分。 4. 阅读理解。关于three grades of thinker 的文章作者是William Golden。后面出了两个主观题。每个12分,共24分。 5. 英翻汉。给了一篇关于教育的种族歧视问题的文章。从中划出了5个长句子。让翻译成汉语。每个6分,共30分。 6. 作文。题目是: Encouraging young people to believe that if they try hard, they will achieve great things is misleading and harmful. 让你用推理和事例论述你对这句话的观点。400-500字。40分。 做完基英,我差点晕倒。