英语修辞格

英语修辞格 第四章 修辞格的翻译 修辞格(figures of speech)是提高语言达效果的语言艺术.它能使语言生动形象,具体活泼,给人以美的享受.要翻译好英语修辞格,首先要弄清其特点,弄清英汉两种语言在这方面的异同,然后根据具体情况采用恰当的技巧进行翻译. Mark my words, the first woman who fishes for him, hooks him. 瞧着吧， 不管什么女人钓他， 他就会上钩。(拟物) The baby was brought up on the bottle. 这个婴儿是喝牛奶或羊奶长大的 I. Phonological rhetorical devices (1)Peter Piper picked a peck of picking pepper.(alliteration) 皮特.派特咽下了一口腌菜用的胡椒粉。 (2)With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. (assonance) 怀着这个信念，我们能把绝望的大山凿成希望的磐石。 II. Semantic rhetorical devices metaphor as wise as a man of Gotham( "象戈丹人一样明智") 就让人费解。其实戈丹是英国的一个村庄，相传那里的人是最愚蠢的，所以这个比喻的意思是"蠢笨无比"。 as thick as thieves亲密无间 (不是"像贼一样厚") as old as the hills古老 (不是"像山一样老") Metonymy转喻(换喻) 换喻:反映两个密切相关的事物的现实关系，换喻与比喻不同，不需要两个事物相比，而是借用伴随或附属于某一事物的另一事物的名称来代替某事物的名称。所谓换喻，说的是一个事物，不过是换一种说法来表现而已。 换喻可使表达多样化、简洁、动人。如报刊大标中用Pentagon(五角大楼)代替美国国防部。英语中常见的换喻有以下几种: 1( 用一个事物来象征人或另一事物: To defy the crown from the cradle to the grave 从生到死 2. 用工具或器官来代替本体 3. 用容器的名称来代替所盛的东西 They serve Chinese dishes. (中餐) The baby was brought up on the bottle 喝牛奶或羊奶长大的 4(用地方代替事物 White House(美国总统) Kremlin (苏联政府) Synecdoche提喻 换喻主要借助于密切的关系与联想，而提喻则是借助于部分相似。提喻通常是用局部来代替整体，间或也用整体来代替局部，局部与整体之间总有相似之处。 1 1( 用局部代替整体 Many hands make light work.(用hand表示干活的人) They came to live under the same roof. ( 用roof 表示整个房子) 2( 用整体代替局部 It ( the volleyball match) was a close contest. In the end, China won 3( 用个体代替整个一类 She is another Madam Curie. 4( 用具体代替抽象 5( 用抽象代替具体 6( 用材料代替事物 Antonomasia换称:用普通名词代替专有名词或专有名词代替普通名词 Pun 1. What does that lawyer do after he dies?--Lie still. 2. ---Why is the Middle Ages also called the Dark Ages? ---Because there were many knights. 3. Customer: I would like a book, please. Bookseller: Something light? Customer: That doesn’t matter. I have my car with me. (顾客把light理解为“轻”的，而不是“轻松的”) Assignments: Looking back, as I was saying, into the blank of my infancy, the first objects I can remember as standing out by themselves from a confusion of things, are my mother and Peggotty. What else do I remember? Let me see. There comes out the cloud, our house — not new to me, but quite familiar, in its earliest remembrance. On the ground-floor is Peggotty’s kitchen, opening into a back yard; with a pigeon-house on a pole, in the center, without any pigeons in it; a great dog kennel in a corner, without any dog; and a quantity of fowls that look terribly tall to me, walking about, in a menacing and ferocious manner. There is one cock who gets upon a post to crow, and seems to take particular notice of me as I look at him through the kitchen window, who makes me shiver, he is so fierce. Of the geese outside the side-gate who come waddling after me with their long necks stretched out when I go that way, I dream at night: as a man environed by wild beasts might dream of lions. -----The Personal History of David Copperfield (Published in Penguin Books 1966, made and printed in Great Britain 1972) 佩格蒂 2 回头一看,就像我说的,在空白的幼年时代,第一个对象我能记住的莫过于站在 佩格蒂。我还记得吗?让我看看。 自己从混乱的东西,是我的母亲和 云彩和我们的房子从记忆中浮出----对我而言，它们并不新颖，但是如此熟悉，在我最初的记忆里。房子的第一层后院开着的是佩格蒂的厨房，还有一个 鸽笼在杆子上，但是没有一只鸽子在里面，一条大狗窝在角落里，也没有其他的狗 3