ABB变压器手册_200810211752554

ABB Transformers Power Transformers - The largest installed base worldwide ABB 2 ABB Transformers. Unified power for your success. Power Transformers Most of the transformers supplied to the market by ABB use Core Type Technology. They are mostly used in customer applications as generator step up and system intertie power transformers. Large Power Transformers are defined within ABB as units with a three phase power rating higher than 200 MVA or with voltage ratings higher than 275 kV. ABB supplies three phase units up to 1100 MVA and single phase units up to 500 MVA. Power transformers for system voltages up to and including 800 kV have been delivered to the market since the 1970’s. HVDC Converter Transformers The HVDC converter transformer is a key component in an HVDC transmission system. In addition to its normal application to provide transfer of power between two voltage levels, it serves a number of additional functions like galvanic separation between the AC and DC systems. A fairly large tapping range permits optimum operation also for a large variation in load without loss of efficiency. Polytransformer ABB has developed a new product in the transformer world, The Polytransformer. This transformer is designed with multiple voltage ratings on the HV, the LV and tertiary side that allow it to work in substations and power plants at different voltages. Impedances and MVA ratings are chosen to cover most of the applications. Single phase and three phases units are available. Its compactness and flexibility of use make the Polytransformer the ideal universal transformer for any transmission and generation system. Customized solution by dedicated people in focused factories. Transformer Services 8 14 4 10 12 ABB 3 Shunt Reactors Shunt reactors are a vital part of the efficient operation of long transmission or AC cable high voltage power lines. The shunt reactor compensates the capacitive generation on power lines to avoid non-controlled voltage rise especially on lightly loaded lines. The proven design and robust build-up makes the shunt reactor the most cost efficient mean to absorb the capacitive generation. Shell Type Transformers With Shell Type, ABB uses a completely proven technology concept for manufacturing power transformers covering voltages up to 525 kV. Shell technology is implemented in ABB Power Technology. It means simple, robust and reliable construction. All processes and quality are supervised by a 6-Sigma system. Shell Type transformers have the natural ability to withstand short-Circuit and transport stresses, and exceptional compactness. Design flexibility allows us to match existing units both mechanically and electrically and supply universal transformer spares with multi-rated high and low voltage ratio for different power stations. Phase-Shifting Transformers Phase-shifting transformers help control the real power flow in transmission lines and systems interties. Existing transmission systems are often operated and stressed to the limit of the performance capability of their original design in order to maximize asset utilization. To ensure that under these conditions the economical, reliable and secure operation of the grid is maintained, the need for various aspects of power flow management within the power systems is becoming evident. Phase-shifting transformers help control the real power flow in transmission lines and systems interties. They allow for better utilization of existing networks concerning load growths. ABB TrafoStar™ The worldwide concept for core type power transformers ABB Transformers the solution for a cleaner future 9 11 13 15 6 ABB 4 Customized solution by dedicated people in focused factories. Experience ABB is the leader in power transformers and the largest transformer manufacturer worldwide. ABB offers a complete range of power and distribution transformers, associated products and services. When you buy an ABB transformer, you get more than just a piece of metal. You buy a combined experience of 700 years of transformer manufacturing. ABB provides the most extensive short circuit test record on power transformers. Reliable delivery partners We are committed to being a flexible and knowledgeable partner for you – worldwide. Our technology, coupled with a highest integrity sales force, result in an unbeatable combination. Together with the customer, we analyze individual needs and help to ensure that the customer will receive the optimal transformer and the best quality – on time! One global factory Wherever your transformer has been produced, you can expect the highest quality. Our global manufacturing capabilities and our back up factory strategy enable us to offer you the most suitable solution – in terms of factory, on-time delivery and product. Our focused factory concept enables us to source our products from highly specialized factories - increasing operating efficiencies and achieving worldwide excellence. Due to our global presence we are an experienced partner accross the globe – being a local customer interface, talking the customer’s language and providing local service. ABB 5 Quality The right quality – right from the start – is our ultimate goal. Quality is a vital element of the product and can never be achieved by checks and control alone. Built-in quality procedures are implemented even before design work begins – ensuring correct interpretation of customer requirements. ABB has a common global design and manufacturing concept in place. The ABB TrafoStar™ concept is based on core type technology and is the common ABB concept for the design and manufacture of power transformers – covering voltages from 72.5 up to 800 kV. ABB TrafoStar™ is implemented in our power transformers factories worldwide. It is a modular system with common design rules supported by 6-Sigma quality system. It guarantees uniform quality, high reliability and low maintenance requirements. R&D The ABB transformer team has direct access to all the combined transformer, technical experience and expertise within the ABB Group. The ABB transformers R&D supports customers in solving their present and future challenges. ABB Transformers R&D supports our customers in solving their present and future challenges. Questions concerning critical factors such as return on investments, reduced operation, maintenance costs, and the management of aging assets need answers. We have the solutions through our backup network with compact substations, power flow control, on-line monitoring, the replacement of mineral oils and smart equipment with built-in intelligence. One major R&D initiative is the support of high quality conventional oil insulated power transformers: TrafoStar™. Our development is directed towards providing efficient low loss, low sound transformers with low life cycle costs. Our expert teams are active in all areas starting from low life cycle costs to new transformer concepts. One company with all around solutions. ABB 6 1. A proven concept TrafoStar™ transformers are the product of a modular- ized system in both design and manufacturing. It is based on the best ABB practices. 2. Robust design features One of the main features of TrafoStar is the robust design confirmed by a rigid clamping of core and windings, well established insulation system, leak proof gasketing system and longlasting surface protection. 3. Test records demonstrate continuous quality improvements Worlclass test laborities in all ABB factories as well as 6-Sigma quality process ensuring a high quality supply as well as a continous improvement of quality is guranteed. 4. First-class suppliers Key components for total ABB transformer solutions are built within ABB, like bushings, tap changers and insula- tion material. 5. Outstanding short-circuit strength test record No other manufacturer has performed as many independ- ent short-circuit tests as ABB. 6. Reduced lead times, with ABB quality guaranteed Thanks to modularized design, manufacturing and as- sembly, first class sub-suppliers and 6-Sigma quality control ABB succeeds in meeting its delivery commitment. ABB TrafoStar™ The worldwide concept for ABB Core Type Power Transformers 7. Low life-cycle costs Efficiency, high quality insulation and controlled hot spots, are the key elements contributing to TrafoStar™´s high availability. 8. A life time of trouble-free operation ABB’s full-service, monitoring and diagnostic contracts are an important part of the TrafoStar™ trouble-free concept. 9. ABB has the resources to develop even more efficient solutions As the world leader in transmission technology, ABB spends more than any other competitor on R&D. 10. Built-in systems know-how ABB has more than 100 years of experience in transmission and distribution technology. 11. Creative financing solutions ABB has its own financing organization that acts as an advisor and organizer for financial transactions on cross- border leasing agreements. 12. The same transformer available from state-of-the- art plants worldwide With over 1.3 Million MVA in power transformers delivered over the past 10 years from its worldwide production plants, ABB is the by far market leader in consistency and quality. ABB 7 TrafoStar™ transformers are based on the best ABB practices - a product of modularized system in both design and manufacturing. ABB 8 Power Transformers Applications Generator Step Up transformers. GSU transformers are electrically “gearing up” the voltage from a power generator to a suitable higher voltage for the transmission of power. System intertie transformers. System intertie transformers connect transmission systems with different voltages. Some transformers have fixed rating and other units are equipped with tap changers for voltage regulation. Duty Normally a GSU carries full current load when energized. For large power transformers, the current on the low voltage side has a magnitude of several of tens of kilo amperes whereas a system intertie transformer has variable load very seldom reaching rated load. Of course the design is made for a continuous maximum load. Design The TrafoStar™ technology concept is used in all ABB factories all over the world manufacturing large power transformers. Our worldwide presence has led to global design criteria based on best practices within ABB. This means optimal material utilization, world class production facilities and trouble-free transformer operation for the customer. Design GSU LV winding arrangements: Due to high current levels the winding is designed with effective current compensation. HV winding arrangements: Due to high voltage levels the winding is electrically stabilized to minimize electrical stresses. High current housing: When very high LV currents are present the delta connection is made outside the tank to avoid risks for high temperatures in the tank. Magnetic shielding: Due to high electromagnetic flux dif- ferent types of magnetic shielding measures are made on active part and tank walls to avoid temperature hot spots. Design system intertie transformers Different types: The transformer can be either double wounded with separate high and low voltage windings or auto connected where a common winding is used for both the low- and high voltage. With the latter arrange- ment less material is needed to build the transformer. An autotransformer requires a common neutral point for the high and low voltage power systems whereas a double wound transformer can have separate neutral point sys- tems for the different voltage systems. Location of the voltage regulation: When needed the regulated winding in an autotransformer could be located at three different places: 1: In the series winding (HV winding) for HV regulation. 2: In the LV line terminal for LV regulation. 3: In the neutral of the common winding (LV winding) ---for either HV or LV regulation. Tertiary voltage: The transformer can be equipped with a tertiary winding that can be loaded or just acting as a stabilizing winding. Technical features Unit ratings, three phase up to 1100 MVA Unit ratings, single phase up to 500 MVA* System voltages up to 800 kV* *ABB has built a single phase unit rated 1700 kV and 333 MVA. • • • • • • • ABB 9 Shunt Reactors Applications The reactors (X) consume the generated reactive power (Q) from the line. The shunt reactor is the most cost efficient piece of equipment to compensate the capacitive charging of high voltage AC-lines and cables, thus keeping the voltage stability on the transmission line. The reactor is a static device often with direct connection to a high voltage line, the primary generator of reactive power. The possibil- ity to build for the highest transmission voltages makes the reactor the most efficient way to compensate reactive power in terms of losses and cost of installation. There is no need for an intermediate transformer, which increases losses and ties the reactor to a transformer substation. The reactor can be installed in a suitable location in terms of system configuration. Duty Depending on system requirements the reactor can be connected for continuous operation or switched in and out based on the reactive power balance in the system. The reactor can operate in continuous or switched mode depending on system requirements. Design The ABB reactor is based on the gapped core type con- cept. This is a concept for low environmental impact in terms of losses, sound and vibrations. Design similarities with large power transformers permit an efficient use of long time experience in building large transformers for instance in the area of insulation build up, handling in production and so on. 150 Mvar, 400 kV, 3-phase Shunt Reactor for the swedish power transmission network. Shunt reactors for system voltages up to and including 500 kV can also be equipped with load tap changer to regulate the reactive power from the reactor. The possible regulating range is approximate from 50 to 100 % of the maximum rated power of the reactor. Technical features Unit ratings, three phase up to 250 Mvar Unit ratings, single phase up to 130 Mvar System voltages up to 800 kV ABB 10 HVDC Converter Transformers Applications ABB supplied the converter transformers to the world’s first commercial HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission, commissioned in the mid 1950’s. Since that time ABB has built up the competence and experience to design and manufacture transformers for any voltage and power application. In early 1980’s, ABB delivered the 600 kV HVDC transmission in Brazil and recently ABB has manufactured the largest converter transformer ever built with a unit rating of 621 MVA. In an HVDC system the converter transformer serves several functions. Its primary functions are: Supply of AC voltages in two separate circuits with a relative phase shift of 30 electrical degrees for reduction of low order harmonics, especially 5th and 7th harmonics. Act as a galvanic barrier between the AC and DC systems to prevent the DC potential to enter the AC system. Reactive impedance in the AC supply to reduce short circuit currents and to control the rate of rise in the converter valve current during commutation. Voltage transformation between the AC supply and the HVDC system. A fairly large tapping range with small steps to permit optimum operation also for a large variation in load without loss of efficiency. Duty Due to its connection to the HVDC system the converter transformer is subjected to a high DC voltage level and harmonics in the loading current, which is normally not the case for a large power transformer for other conven- tional AC application. The DC voltage affects the design of the total insulation system in the transformer. The harmonics contribute to extra load losses that have to be considered. Design With an experience of more than fifty years ABB has gained a very good technical and manufacturing knowledge to build these transformers. During the years ABB has de- livered more than 300 units to the market with all types of designs regarding single as well as three phase transformers needed to adapt to the HVDC Converter valves. ABB has delivered units designed for 50 up to 600 kV DC voltage stresses. For the future ABB has the ambition to design transformers for even higher DC voltages. To make all this possible ABB has all the technical expertise and design tools to fulfill the needs of reliable converter transformers on the HVDC market today and for the future. The world’s largest HVDC transformers are installed at Sylmar East converter station, USA. 620 MVA, 230 kV, single phase. • • • • • ABB 11 Phase-shifting Transformers Applications Existing transmission systems are often operated and stressed to the limit of their performance capability of their original design in order to maximize asset utilization. To ensure that under these conditions the economical, reliable and secure operation of the grid is maintained, the need for various aspects of power flow management within the power systems is becoming evident. Phase-shifting transformers help control the real power flow in transmission lines and systems interties. Main ben- efits of phase-shifting transformers include the protection of lines and transformers from thermal overload and an improvement of transmission system stability. They allow to control the power flow between different networks, for parallel long distance overhead-lines or for parallel cables. In addition, a phase-shifting transformer is very often the most economic approach to power flow management. Phaseshifter Activepart, 450 MVA, 138 kV, shift angel 50 degree. Duty Phase-shifting transformers (PST) are used to control the flow of real power in transmission lines by manipulating the phase angle difference. The phase angle shift is obtained by combining the voltages from different phases in the PST. Phase-shifting transformers, when combined with standard capacitors and reactors, can even provide control of reactive power and fault current limitation. The solution then be- comes an ABB-patented Interphase Power Controller (IPC). Design Remove transmission bottlenecks The natural impedances and phase angle differences in a network often lead to unequal utilization of parallel lines. Phase-shifting transformers redirect the power flow. Existing lines can thus be exploited closer to their thermal limits. Short pay-back times Transmission bottlenecks and unscheduled power surges prevent power companies from delivering at full capacity. Companies who invest in removing these bottlenecks and in protecting transmission lines against power surges often see their investments paid back in just two or three years. One stop solution competence PSTs and IPCs are designed to meet the specific needs of your application. Minimum and maximum impedance, phase angle regulation range, transportation and installa- tion restrictions are taken into account. We offer assistance in identifying and specifying the best power flow solution, as well as guidance in protection and control of PSTs and IPCs in close cooperation with our ABB partners. We can offer you a turnkey solution from the initial study to the commissioning of the equipment. Technical Features System voltages up to 420 kV Through-put rating up to 1630 MVA Shifting angle 70 degrees ABB 12 Applications A polytransformer’s main application is universal spare. It is a compact, multifuntional power transformer that helps utilities to secure the transmission grid at minimal