A Friend in Need 毛姆

null Unit 11 Unit 11新编英语教程4Unit 11Unit 11I. Text I II. Text II III. Guided Writing IV. Dictation Text IText II. About the Author II. Pre-reading Activities III. Text IV. The Main Ideas V. Comprehension (workbook) VI. Comments VII. Vocabulary VIII. Notes XV. ParaphrasesAbout the AuthorAbout the Author"I have never pretended to be anything but a story teller. It has amused me to tell stories and I have told a great many. It is a misfortune for me that the telling of a story just for the sake of the story is not an activity that is in favor with the intelligentsia. In endeavor to bear my misfortunes with fortitude." (from Creatures of Circumstance, 1947) About the AuthorAbout the Author"Most people cannot see anything, but I can se what is in front of my nose with extreme clearness; the greatest writers can see through a brick wall. My vision is not so penetrating." null About the AuthorAbout the AuthorSomerset Maugham (1874—1965), British novelist, playwright, short-story writer, highest paid author in the world in the 1930s. Despite his popularity, Maugham did not gain serious recognition. This was expressed in his autobiography THE SUMMING UP (1938), that he stood 'in the very first row of the second-raters'. Somerset MaughamSomerset MaughamMaugham's skill in handling plot has been compared by critics in the manner of Guy de Maupassant. In many novels the surroundings are international and the stories are told in clear, economical style with cynical or resigned undertone. 毛 姆毛 姆 毛姆，1874年1月25日生于巴黎，中学毕业后在德国海德堡大学肄业。1892年至1897年在伦敦学医，并取得外科医师资格。他的第一部长篇小说《兰贝斯的丽莎》（1897）即根据他作为贝可医生在贫民区为产妇接生时的见闻用自由主义写法写成。 null 1903-1933年，他创作了近30部剧本，深受观众欢迎。1908年，伦敦有4家剧院同时演出他的4部剧作，在英国形成空前盛况。他的喜剧受五尔德的影响较深，一般以家庭、婚姻、爱情中的波折为主题，其中最著名的剧本《圈子》（1921）。 　　他的主要成就是小说创作。 null 代作有：长篇小说：《月亮和六便士》（1919）、《人间的枷锁》（1915）、《大吃大喝》（1930）、《刀刃》（1944）等和100多篇短篇小说，有小说集《叶的震颤》（1921）、《卡美里纳树》（1926）、《阿金》（1933）等。 　　毛姆的作品除在英美畅销外，还译成多种外文。1952年，牛津大学授予他名誉博士学位。1954年，英王授予他“荣誉侍从”的称号。 　　1965年12月16日在法国病逝。  His worksHis worksFirst novel, LIZA OF LAMBETH (1897) 《兰贝斯的丽莎》 First play, A MAN OF HONOUR (1903) 《高贵的人》 Breakthrough novel, semi-autobiographical OF HUMAN BONDAGE (1915) 《人性的枷锁》His worksHis worksPlays: THE CIRCLE (1921) 《圈子》 OUR BETTERS (1923) 《比我们高贵的人们》 THE CONSTANT WIFE (1927) 《坚贞的妻子》 Novels: His worksHis worksTHE MOON AND THE SIXPENCE (1919) 《月亮和六便士》 TREMBLING OF A LEAF (1921) 《叶的震颤》 His worksHis works RAZORS EDGE (1944) 《刀锋》 For further information: William Somerset Maugham (1874-1965) Works: http://www.classicreader.com/booktoc.php/sid.1/bookid.642/Pre-reading ActivitiesPre-reading ActivitiesFriend Friend is the one you have and I have Friend , You are always beside me and behind me through all my life's ups and downs Friend is like rain that flowers trapped in dying need There is a bridge between friends to be near to other's heart But beautiful day is in a soon Leaving as a sword inserts friend's heart FriendFriend Alcohol ,at that time , is a good medicine The sky also cry for us Friends , You are the enemy of the loneliness But the winner is always YOU I want to tell you we are friends forever until the white walks in our hair Friend first , Friend last and Friend always . SayingsSayingsA hedge between keeps friendship green. 君子之交淡如水。 A joke never gains an enemy but loses a friend. 戏谑不能化敌为友，只能使人失去朋友。 A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难，失朋友易。 A friend is never known till a man has need. 需要之时方知友。 SayingsSayingsA friend without faults will never be found. 没有十全十美的朋友。 A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。 A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难，失朋友易。 All good things come to an end. 天下没有不散的筵席。 SayingsSayingsA man is known by his friends. 什么人交什么朋友。 Between friends all is common. 朋友之间不分彼此。 Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚，人以群分。 Friends agree best at distance. 朋友之间也会保持距离。 Sayings Sayings Friends are thieves of time. 朋友是时间的窃贼。 Friends must part. 再好的朋友也有分手的时候。 Everything is good when new, but friends when old. 东西是新的好，朋友是老的亲。 Friendship Friendship What do you think of friendship? What kind of friends do you always make? How to tell a person who you see first time? Please tell a story related to your friends. A song for you!Text I A Friend in NeedText I A Friend in NeedYou have probably heard the proverb “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” It means that a friend who helps when one is in difficulty is a real friend. In other words, a friend who gives a helping hand when one is in need is indeed a good friend. Judging from the title, what type of writing do expect this text to be? What do you anticipate from the text? Then, please write down some of the qualities you look for in a real friend.Text I A Friend in NeedText I A Friend in Need I shrug my shoulders when people tell me that their first impressions of a person are always right. I wonder if they are more often right than wrong. For my own part I find that the longer I know people the more they puzzle me. What’s your own opinion? How to learn about the stranger?Text IText IThese reflections have occurred to me1 because I read in this morning’s paper that Edward Hyde Burton had died at Kobe2. He was a merchant and he had been in business in Japan for many years. I knew him very little, but heText IText Iinterested me because once he gave me a great surprise. Unless I had heard the story from his own lips I should never have believed that he was capable of such an action. It was the more startling3 because both in appearance and manner he suggested a very definite type. I suppose he was about sixty when I knew him. He was always neatly and quietly dressed in accordance with his age and station4. Text IText I Though his offices were in Kobe Burton often came down to Yokohama5. I happened on one occasion to be spending a few days there, waiting for a ship, and I was introduced to him at the British Club. He seemed to be popular at the club. It happened that we were both staying at the Grand Hotel and next day he asked me to dine with him. I think the chief thing that struck me about Burton was his kindness. There was something very pleasing in his mild blue eyes.Text IText IHis voice was gentle; you could not imagine that he could raise it in anger; his smile was benign. He liked his game of cards and his cocktail, he could tell with point a good and spicy story6, and in his youth he had been something of an athlete7. One afternoon I was sitting in the lounge of the Grand Hotel. From the windows you had a spacious view of the harbour with its crowded traffic. It was a busy exhilarating scene and yet,Text IText II know not why, restful to the spirit. Here was romance and it seemed that you had but to stretch out your hand to touch it. Burton came into the lounge presently and caught sight of me9. He seated himself in the chair next to mine. “What do you say to a little drink?” He clapped his hands for a boy and ordered two gin fizzes10. As the boy brought them a man passed along the street outside and seeing me Text IText I waved his hand. “Do you know Turner?” said Burton as I nodded a greeting. “I’ve met him at the club, I’m told he’s a remittance man11.” “Yes, I believe he is. We have a good many here.” “He plays bridge12 well.” “They generally do. There was a fellow here Text IText I last year oddly enough a namesake of mine; who was the best bridge player I ever met. I suppose you never came across him in London. Lenny Burton he called himself.” “No, I don’t believe I remember the name.” “He was quite a remarkable player. He seemed to have an instinct about the cards. It was uncanny. I used to play with him a lot. He was in Kobe for some time.Text IText IBurton sipped his gin fizz. “It’s rather a funny story,” he said. “He wasn’t a bad chap13. I liked him. He was always well-dressed and smart-looking. He was handsome in a way, with curly hair and pink-and-white cheeks. There was no harm in him, you know, he was only wild14. of course, he drank too much. Those sort of fellows always do. A bit of money used to come in for him once in a quarter and he made a bit more by card-playing.Text IText IHe won a good deal of mine, I know that.” Burton gave a kindly chuckle. I knew from my own experience that he could lose money at bridge with a good grace15. “I suppose that is why he came to me when he was broke, that and the fact that he was a namesake of mine16. He came to see me in my office one day and asked me for a job. I was rather surprised. He told me that there was no more money coming from home and he wantedText IText I to work. I asked him how old he was. “ ‘Thirty-five, ’ he said. “‘ And what have you been doing before?’ I asked him. “well, nothing very much,’ he said. “ I couldn’t help laughing. “‘ I’m afraid I can’t do anything for you just now,’ I said. ‘Come back and see me in another thirty-five years, and I’ll see what I can do.’Text IText I“He didn’t move. He went rather pale. He hesitated for a moment and then he told me that he had bad luck at cards for some time. He couldn’t pay his hotel bill and they wouldn’t give him any more credit17. He was down and out18. If he couldn’t get something to do he’d have to commit suicide. “I looked at him for a bit. I could see ow that he was all to pieces19. He’d been drinking more than usual and he looked fifty.Text IText I“Well, isn’t there anything you can do except play cards?’ I asked him. “I can swim’ he said. “Swim!’ “I could hardly believe my ears! It seemed such an insane answer to give. “I swam for my university. “I got some glimmering of what he was driving at20. I’ve known too many men who were littleText IText I tin-gods at their university to be impressed by it. “I was a pretty good swimmer myself when I was a young man,’ I said. “ Suddenly I had an idea.” Pausing in his story, Burton turned to me. “ Do you know Kobe?” he asked. “No,” I said, “I passed through it once, but I only spent a night there.”Text IText I“Then you don’t know the Shiova Club. When I was a young man I swam from there round the beacon and landed at the creek of Tarumi. It’s over three miles and it’s rather difficult on account of the currents round the beacon. “Well, I told my young namesake about it and I said to him that if he’d do it I’d give him a job. “I could see he was rather taken aback. “ You say you’re a swimmer,’ I said.Text IText I“I’m not in very good condition,’ he answered. “I didn’t say anything. I shrugged my shoulders. He looked at me for a moment and then he nodded. “ All right,’ he said. ‘When do you want me to do it?’ “ I looked at my watch. It was just after ten. “The swim shouldn’t take you much over an hour and a quarter. I’ll drive round to the creekText IText I at half past twelve and meet you. I’ll take you back to the club to dress and then we’ll have lunch together!’ “Done21,’ he said. “We shook hands. I wished him good luck and he left me. I had a lot of work to do that morning and I only just managed to get to the creek at half past twelve. But I needn’t have hurried22; he never turned up.” “Did he funk at the last moment?” I asked.Text IText I“No, he didn’t. he started all right. But of course he’d ruined his constitution by drink and dissipation. The currents round the beacon were more than he could manage. We didn’t get the body for about three days.” I didn’t say anything for a moment or two. I was a trifle shocked23. Then I asked Burton a question. “When you made him that offer of job, did you know that he’d be drowned?”Text IText IHe gave a little mild chuckle and he looked at me with those kind and candid blue eyes of his. He rubbed his chin with his hand. “Well, I hadn’t got a vacancy in my office at the moment.” By Somerset MaughamMain ideasMain ideasThis is a story about Edward Hyde Burton, a ________ who appeared _______________, and his namesake ____________. Lenny was a _____________ good at ____________ but he had ___________ job. One day Lenny went to Burton to ask _________. Burton told Lenny that if he could ____________for three miles, he would ____________. Burton knew it would be _____________ for Lenny to ___________. Lenny accepted the challenge and ________. merchant kindly/pleasant/gentle/benign Lenny Burton young man playing bridge no steady for a job successfully swim give him a job very difficult do this/make it drownedMain ideasMain ideasWhen he was asked whether he knew Lenny would drown, Burton replied that ______________________________________. he didn’t have got a vacancy (in his office) at that timeComments Comments This text is another piece of persuasive writing. Maugham uses narration—a story within a story—as his technique to convince the reader of (what we presume is) his point of view, that first impressions of a person are often more wrong than right. Methods: Flashback Choice of relevant details DialogueCommentsComments4. First person’s tone 5. Ironic title The surprising memorable ending—a not untypical characteristic of a good short story—demonstrates the writer’s original point admirably and significantly.VocabularyVocabularyshrug: raise one’s shoulders slightly (often to express not knowing or caring; here it may express disbelief) merchant a person who buys and sells goods in large amounts (often from and to foreign countries) 3. startling shocking, surprisingVocabularyVocabulary4. mild 5. spicy 6. namesake 7. uncanny 8. sip 9. chuckle gentle, soft exciting or interesting (because somewhat improper Sb. with the same name as sb. else very strange (of liquid) take only a little into the mouth at a time quiet enoughVocabulary Vocabulary current a continuously moving stream of water (esp. one flowing through still water) candid frank, open vacancy an unfilled position in an organizationVocabulary BVocabulary Breflection thought, often deep and serious benign kind and gentle/suggesting a kind and gentle nature cocktail a mixed alcoholic drink 4. spacious wideVocabulary BVocabulary B5. instinct natural tendency to act in a certain way, without having to learn or think about it 6. insane crazy, not of sound mind 7. beacon fixed light to warn or guide ships 8. funk avoid doing something because of fearVocabulary BVocabulary B9. constitution the general condition of a person’s body or mind 10. dissipation pleasurable but dangerous livingParaphrasesParaphrasesI wonder if they are more often right than wrong. For my own part I find that the longer I know people the more they puzzle me. for my own part: as far as I am concerned, speaking for myself Eg. For my own part, I don’t mind having one more lesson on ecosystem. For my own part, I’m in favor of using some euphemisms to avoid unpleasantness of daily life.ParaphrasesParaphrasesI wonder if they are more often right than wrong. For my own part I find that the longer I know people the more they puzzle me. I ask myself whether/ I doubt if people are really right more often than they are wrong (if they judge a person by their first impressions of him.) As far as I am concerned, the longer I know people, the more I feel I don’t understand them.ParaphrasesParaphrasesIt was the more startling3 because both in appearance and manner he suggested a very definite type. the more startling: all the more startling, even more startling The or all the to mean “even” is used to emphasize comparative adjectives and adverbs. Eg. If we had taken a bus instead of walking, we could have got home all the sooner.ParaphrasesParaphrasesIt was the more startling3 because both in appearance and manner he suggested a very definite type. The fact he told me the story in person made me even more shocked because both his appearance and manner seemed to indicate a certain type of person.ParaphrasesParaphrasesHe liked his game of cards and his cocktail, he could tell with point a good and spicy story6, and in his youth he had been something of an athlete7. He liked to play cards and enjoyed drinking cocktails. He could tell an interesting story effectively/with the desired effect, and when he was young, he had been a fairly good athlete.ParaphrasesParaphrasesIt was a busy exhilarating scene and yet, I know not why, restful to the spirit. Here was romance and it seemed that you had but to stretch out your hand to touch it. It was lively, exciting to watch and, though I don’t know why, it made my mind feel at ease and rested. It was a place full of excitement and wonders. It seemed to me that all I had to do was reach out my hand and I could touch it.ParaphrasesParaphrasesI knew from my own experience that he could lose money at bridge with a good grace15. My own experience told me that when he lost money playing bridge, he would accept his defeat and would not complain.ParaphrasesParaphrasesI suppose that is why he came to me when he was broke, that and the fact that he was a namesake of mine16. I think that one reason why he came to me for help when he was penniless was that I used to play bridge with him a lot and he won a great deal of money from me. The other reason was that his name was the same as mine.ParaphrasesParaphrasesI got some glimmering of what he was driving at20. I’ve known too many men who were little tin-gods at their university to be impressed by it. I had a faint idea of what he was trying to explain but I have known so many men who were mistakenly given praise and great admiration in the small community of their university that I was not affected by what he meant at all.Notes Notes shrug my shoulders to show disbelief /doubt showing no way to help him from his own lips from him in personNotes Notes in accordance with in a way that agrees with Eg. He did everything in accordance with the regulations.nullnullnullComprehensionComprehensionWhen people tell the writer that their first impressions of a person are always right, he shrugs his shoulders to show that he doesn’t know. ( ) F The writer shrugs his shoulders because he is doubtful about the truth of their statement. His experience with people has told him otherwise.ComprehensionComprehension2. According to the writer, the first impressions of a person are always wrong. ( ) 3. Lenny Burton was wild because he drank too much. ( ) F He holds that if you judge people only by the first impressions, you will often be wrong. F Lenny was always pleasure-seeking and he indulged in drinking and gambling which was why Edward said that he was wild. Drinking too much was an indication of his “wildness”—not a cause.ComprehensionComprehension4. Edward Hyde Burton was unwilling to help Lenny Burton, because the latter was a good-for-nothing. ( ) F Edward was unwilling to help Lenny because he preferred to “play” with him for his own ends. He may also have been unwilling since Lenny had beaten him at cards many times and caused him to lose money.ComprehensionComprehension5. Turner is another name for Lenny Burton. ( ) 6. It never occurred to the narrator that a kindly old man with a gentle voice and benign smile like Edward Hyde Burton would have done such a nasty, underhand action. ( )