VerbTense动词时态动词时态是动词时间与体的结合。时间(time):现在、过去、将来、过去将来。体(aspect):一般、进行、完成、完成进行。英语的16中时态列表,P159。一、一般现在时(simplepresenttense)一般现在时主要用于:1.表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态。常和often,always,usually,sometimes,everyday等连用。Hetakesawalkaftersuppereveryday.Howoftendoyouwashyourhair?2.表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。Mr.Smithhatesfishandnevereatsany.Shehasgreatconcernforothers.MaryspeaksEnglishwell.3.表示客观事实或普遍真理。Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.JapanliestotheeastofChina.4.表示安排或计划好的将来发生的动作。Theplanetakesoffat10a.m.WhendoesthetrainleaveforShanghai?5.在时间和条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。PleasewaittillJanearrives.Icanleaveunlessmybossagrees.Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,wewillgohiking.6.代替过去时表示某些文学作品中的情节描写,或引述书刊材料。Thelittleboygoesuptothepolicemanandsays,“There’sacaraccidentoverthere.”Theauthorsaysthatthesoldiersfightforfreedomnotformoney.二、一般过去时(simplepasttense)表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。SheboughtaSantanalastweek.HelivedinLondonwhenhewasyoung.Sheoftencametohelpmeatthattime.三、一般将来时(simplefuture)表示将来发生的动作或情况。1.shall/will+v.原形TheywillleaveforHongKongtomorrow.Wewon’tbefreetomrrow.2.begoingto+V.原形表最近打算去做的事或可能要发生的事。HeisgoingtomeetMr.Brownattheairport.Howlongareyougoingtostaythere?3.beaboutto+v.原形表示即将发生的动作。Weareabouttoleave,sothereisnotimetovisithernow.Pleasegeteverythingready.Theexperimentisabouttostart.4.beto+v.原形表示必须或计划要进行的动作。Thegirlsaretogotoschoolnextweek.ThereistobeasportsmeetingonSaturday.5.be+V-ing(come,go,leave,stay)表示将来即将发生的动作。Heiscomingtoseeyoutomorrow.TheplaneisleavingforLondon.四、过去将来时(future-in-the-pasttense)表示过去某一时间内将要发生的动作或存在的状态。Hetoldmethathewouldseemeoffatthestation.Iaskedherwhereshewouldspendherholidays.Theyweregoingtohaveameetingtodiscussthematter.五、现在进行时(presentcontinuoustense)表示现在正在进行的动作。Iamdoingsomewashing.Sheislisteningtotheradio.Whatareyoudoing?六、过去进行时(pastcontinuoustense)表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。WhenIsawher,shewasworkingatthecomputer.Hewasmakingalongdistancecallfrom10to11lastnight.七、将来进行时(futurecontinuoustense)表示将来的某段时间内正在发生的动作,或按计划在未来将要进行的动作。Thistimenextweekshewillbeworkinginthatcompany.--whatwillyoubedoingatthreetomorrowafternoon?--IwillbeflyingtoHongKong.八、现在完成时(presentperfecttense)表示过去开始,但持续到现在的动作,或过去发生的动作对现在仍有影响。Hehasbeenillforthreedays.Hehaspaidhisincometax.Ihavenotseenhersince1991.九、过去完成时(pastperfecttense)表示过去某个时间或某个动作之前已经完成的动作,或者表示过去某个时间开始一直持续到过去另一个时间的动作,“过去的过去”。Hesaidhehadwrittenheraletter.WhenIcametoherroom,shehadalreadyleft.Weweresurprisedatwhatshehaddone.十、将来完成时(futurepasttense)表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作。I’llhavedonealltheworkbythetimeyouarebackthisevening.Thebirdswillhavemovedtothesouthbeforewintersetsin.十一、现在完成进行时(presentperfectcontinuoustense)表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作,这个动作可能刚刚结束,也可能要继续进行下去。ShehasbeenworkinginShenzhensince1995.Wherehaveyoubeen?Ihavebeenlookingforyoueverywhere.十二、过去完成进行时(pastperfectcontinuoustense)表示过去某个时间以前已经开始而又延续到过去某个时间的动作,这个动作可能刚刚停止,也可能还在继续。Hetoldmethathehadbeenteachingphysicsformorethantwentyyears.Thetelephonehadbeenringingforthreeminutesbeforesomebodyadsweredit.十三、时态的呼应(thesequenceoftenses)规则:在主句谓语动词表过去的复合句中,从句谓语动词后退一步,即♣一般现在时→一般过去时♣一般过去时→过去完成时♣一般将来时→过去将来时Theexperimentisgoingonnow.Ithoughttheexperimentwasgoingonnow.以下情况不遵守时态呼应规则:1.从句谓语表示人或物的经常性特点。Theboyslearnedyesterdaythattheplanetsarecirclingaboutthesun.2.从句中有表示绝对过去时间的状语。TheoldmansaidhejoinedtheRedArmyin1993.3.说话者强调动作正在进行或将要发生。Hetoldmethetrainleavesatthree.PleasedoExerciseI、IIandIIIonPage169-171.