语言学第四章课后练习

Thefollowingphrasesincludeahead,acomplement,andinsomecasesaspecifier.Drawtheappropriatetreestructureforeachphrases.a.richinmineralsAPAPPPNPNRichinmineralsb.oftenreaddetectivestoriesVPQualVNPANOftenreaddetectivestoriesc.theargumentagainsttheproposalsNPNPPPDetNPNPDetNtheargumentagainsttheproposalsd.alreadyabovethewindowPPQualPNPDetNalreadyabovethewindowThefollowingsentencescontainmodifiersofvarioustypes.Foreachsentence,firstidentifythemodifier(s),thendrawthetreestructures.a.Acrippledpassengerlandedtheairplanewithextremecaution.InflP(S)NPInflVPVNPPPDetAPNNonepstDetNPNPAAPNAAcrippledpassengerlandedtheairplanewithextremecautionb.Ahugemoonhungintheblacksky.InflP(s)NPInflVPDetAPNVPPPNPADetAPNAAhugemoonhungintheblackskyC.Themanexaminedhiscarcarefullyyesterday.InflP（S）NPinflVPDetNpstVNPAdvAdvDetNThemanexaminedhiscarcarefullyyesterdayd.Awoodenhutnearthelakecollapsedinthestorm.InflP(S)NPInflVPDetAPNPPVPPPNPPNPDetNDetNAwoodenhutneatthelakecollapsedinthestorm10.Thefollowingsentencesallcontainconjoinedcategories.Drawatreestructureforeachofthesentences.a.Jimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpants.InflP(=S)NPＶＰAuxVNPNDetANPNCONNJimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpantsorInflP(=S)NPＶＰAuxVNPNDetANPNCONNJimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpantsb.Helenputonherclothesandwentout.InflP(=S)NPVPVPCONVPVPNPVAdvVPDetNHelenputonherclothesandwentoutORInflP(=S)NPInflVPpstVPCONVPVPNPVAdvVPDetNHelenputonherclothesandwentoutc.Maryisfondofliteraturebuttiredofstatistics.InflP(=S)NPVPVPCONVPNMaryVPVAisNPPNfondofVPNPVAPNliteraturebut(is)tiredofstatisticsORInflP(=S)InflNPVPnonpstVPCONVPNMaryVPVAisNPPNfondofVPNPVAPNliteraturebut(is)tiredofstatistics11.Thefollowingsentencesallcontaincontainembeddedclausesthatfunctionascomplementsofaverb,anadjective,aprepositionoranoun.Drawatreestructureforeachsentence.YouknowthatIhatewar.SNPVPNVCPCSNPNVPNPNYouknowthatIhatewatORSNPInflVPNNonpstVCPCSNPNVPNPNGerrybelievesthefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam.SNPVPNVPNPVDetCNSNPVPNVNPDetANGerrybelievethefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexamChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-Royce.SNPNVVPACPCSNPDetNVPVNPNDetNPNChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-RoyceThechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings.SNPVPDetNVVPPCCPSNPVPThechildrenarguedNVNPNoverwhetherbatshadwings12.a.Theessaythathewrotewasexcellent.DeepstructureCPCSNPVPDetNCPVAPCSDegPNPInflVPNPNNTheessayhewrotethatwastoolongSurfacestructureCPCSNPVPDetNCPVAPCSDegPNPNPInflVPVNPNNNTheessaythathewroteewastoolongb.Hebertboughtahousethatsheloved.DeepstructureCPCSNPNInflVPVNPDetNCPCSNPInflVPNVNPNHebertboughtahouseshelovedthatSurfacestructureCPCSNPNInflVPVNPDetNCPCSNPNNPInflVPNVNPNHebertboughtahousethatshelovedec.Thegirlwhomheadoresmajorsinlinguistics.DeepstructureCPCSNPVPDetNCPVPPCInflSPNPNPNVPNPVNThegirlheadoreswhommajorsinlinguisticsSurfacestructureCPCSNPVPDetNCPVPPCInflSPNPNPNPNNVPNPVNThegirlwhomheadoresemajorsinlinguistics13.a.WouldyoucometomorrowDeepstructureCPCSNPVPNInflVAdvPAdvYouwouldcometomorrowSurfacestructureCPCSInflNPVPNInflVAdvPAdvwouldyouecometomorrowb.WhatdidHelenbringtothepartyDeepstructureCPCSNPVPInflVNPPPNHelendidNPbringNPDetNwhattothepartySurfacestructureCPNPCNInflSNPVPInflVNPPPNWhatdidHeleneNPNPDetNbringetothepartyc.WhobrokethewindowDeepstructure