工程经济学英文课件 (6)

EngineeringEconomy（经济学）双语课ItisaBilingualCourse(TaughtinEnglishandChinese)Textbook:EnglishHomeworkandTests:EnglishEngineeringEconomy（工程经济学）平时成绩30%，考试成绩70%平时成绩<60分，取消考试资格IfUsualGradeislessthan60,youreligibilityforthefinalexamwillbecancelled.EngineeringEconomy（工程经济学）平时成绩由作业，小测验确定,抄作业以零分计，两次抄作业，平时成绩计零分。EngineeringEconomy（工程经济学）教材：《EngineeringEconomy》《工程经济学》第14版WilliamG.Sullivan,ElinM.Wicks,C.PatrickKoelling清华大学出版社2002参考书：《工程经济与项目》赵国杰主编天津大学出版社2001EngineeringEconomyChapter1:IntroductiontoEngineeringEconomy1.1IntroductionTechnologicalandsocialenvironmentchangesSpacetravelpossibleTransformourtransportationsystemsRevolutionizedthepracticeofmedicineMiniaturizedelectroniccircuitsScienceandengineeringcoursestellyouthephysicallawsthatunderlietheseaccomplishments.Designofthingsweuse:furnacesforvaporizingtrash,structuresforsupportingmagneticrailways.1.1IntroductionTheseachievementsoccurwithaprice.Forexample:Buildingabridge,manufactureacar,etc.Thepurposeofthisbookistodevelopandillustratetheprinciplesandmethodologyrequiredtoanswerthebasiceconomicquestionofanydesign:Doitsbenefitsexceeditscosts?TheAccreditationBoardforEngineeringandTechnology(ABET)states:Engineeringisaprofessioninwhichaknowledgeofthemathematicalandnaturalsciencesgainedbystudy,experience,andpracticeisappliedwithjudgmenttodevelopwaystoutilize,economically,thematerialsandforcesofnatureforthebenefitofmankind.Inthisdefinition:Botheconomicaspectsandphysicalaspectsofengineeringareemphasized.Thus,engineersuseknowledgetofindnewwaysofdoingthingseconomically.Engineeringeconomy…involvesthesystematicevaluationoftheeconomicmeritsofproposedsolutionstoengineeringproblems.Engineeringeconomy…Tobeeconomicallyacceptable,solutionstoengineeringproblemsmustdemonstrateapositivebalanceoflong-termbenefitsoverlong-termcosts.Solutionstoengineeringproblemsmustpromotethewell-beingandsurvivalofanorganization,embodycreativeandinnovativetechnologyandideas,permitidentificationandscrutinyoftheirestimatedoutcomes,andtranslateprofitabilitytothe“bottomline”throughavalidandacceptablemeasureofmerit.Engineeringeconomicanalysiscanplayaroleinmanytypesofsituations.Choosingthebestdesignforahigh-efficiencygasfurnace.Selectingthemostsuitablerobotforaweldingoperationonanautomotiveassemblyline.Makingarecommendationaboutwhetherjetairplanesforanovernightdeliveryserviceshouldbepurchasedorleased.Determiningtheoptimalstaffingplanforacomputerhelpdesk.Therearesevenfundamentalprinciplesofengineeringeconomy.DevelopthealternativesFocusonthedifferencesUseaconsistentviewpointUseacommonunitofmeasureConsiderallrelevantcriteriaMakeuncertaintyexplicitRevisityourdecisionsTherearesevenfundamentalprinciplesofengineeringeconomy.Principle1:DevelopthealternativesThechoice(decision)isaomongalternatives.Thealternativesneedtobeidentifiedandthendefinedforsubsequentanalysis.Creativityandinnovationareessentialtotheprocess.Nochangealternative.Therearesevenfundamentalprinciplesofengineeringeconomy.Principle2:FocusonthedifferencesOnlythedifferencesinexpectedfutureoutcomesamongthealternativesarerelevanttotheircomparisonandshouldbeconsideredinthedecision.Torecommendafuturecourseofactionbasedonthedifferencesamongfeasiblealternatives.Therearesevenfundamentalprinciplesofengineeringeconomy.Principle3:UseaconsistentviewpointTheprospectiveoutcomesofthealternatives,economicandother,shouldbeconsistentlydevelopedfromadefinedviewpoint(perspective).Normallytheperspectiveoftheownersofthefirm,thedecisionmaker,wouldbeused.Therearesevenfundamentalprinciplesofengineeringeconomy.Principle3:UseaconsistentviewpointTwoexamples:Apublicorganizationoperatingforthepurposeofdevelopingariverbasinwillupgradethecapacityofthepowergeneratorsattwosites.Viewpoint:ofthesegmentofthepublicthatwillpaythecostoftheprogram.Aprivatecompany,providesaflexiblebenefitspackagefortheemployeeswithsamefuturecosts.Viewpoint:oftheemployeesofthecompanyasagroup.Therearesevenfundamentalprinciplesofengineeringeconomy.Principle4:UseacommonunitofmeasureUsingacommonunitofmeasurementtoenumerateasmanyoftheprospectiveoutcomesaspossiblewillsimplifytheanalysisofthealternatives.Foreconomicconsequences,amonetaryunitsuchasdollarsisthecommonmeasure.Therearesevenfundamentalprinciplesofengineeringeconomy.Principle5:ConsiderallrelevantcriteriaSelectionofapreferredalternativerequirestheuseofacriterion(orseveralcriteria).OutcomesenumeratedinmonetaryunitOrexpressedinsomeotherunitofmeasurement.Therearesevenfundamentalprinciplesofengineeringeconomy.Principle6:MakeriskanduncertaintyexplicitRiskanduncertaintyareinherentinestimatingthefutureoutcomesofthealternativesandshouldberecognizedintheiranalysisandcomparison.Themagnitudeandtheimpactoffutureoutcomesofanycourseofactionareuncertain.Thus,dealingwithuncertaintyisimportant.Chapter11andchapter12.Therearesevenfundamentalprinciplesofengineeringeconomy.Principle7:RevisityourdecisionsImproveddecisionmakingresultsfromanadaptiveprocess.Projectedoutcomescomparedwithactualresultsachieved.Organizationaldisciplineisneededtoensurethatimplementeddecisionsareroutinelypostevaluatedandthattheresultsareusedtoimprovefutureanalysesandthequalityofdecisionmaking.EngineeringeconomicanalysisprocedureProblemdefinitionDevelopmentofalternativesDevelopmentofprospectiveoutcomesSelectionofadecisioncriterionAnalysisandcomparisonofalternatives.Selectionofthepreferredalternative.Performancemonitoringandpostevaluationofresults.TABLE1-1TheGeneralRelationshipbetweentheEngineeringEconomicAnalysisProcedureandtheEngineeringDesignProcessFigureP1-15FigureforProblem1-15Electronicspreadsheetsareapowerfuladditiontotheanalysisarsenal.Mostengineeringeconomyproblemscanbeformulatedandsolvedusingaspreadsheet.Largeproblemscanbequicklysolved.Properformulationallowskeyparameterstobechanged.Graphicaloutputiseasilygenerated.Homework:1-3,1-4,1-10Theendofchapter1