小说改编成电影故事的12个研究(1)(2)

小说改编成电影故事的12个研究(1)(2) 小说改编成电影故事的12个研究点 小说使用文字来讲述故事，电影通过视听语言来讲述故事，是两种差别巨大的故事载体。小说可以数次中断阅读，之后整体通过读者想象还原，实现故事的阅读效应;而电影故事是时间线上的舞蹈，必须一次过，而且不允许倒车。小说是一个无限的开放性结构，可以是数千字，1万字、2万字，也可以是数十万字乃至上百万字;电影是一个封闭性的有限线性结构，必须在这个有限结构里，最大程度满足故事的百般变化和辗转腾挪。电影故事的结构技术，是一门专门的手艺。 首先从故事容量上看。 以20万字左右青春小说为例，按照好莱坞剧本模式，每页纸字数约等于1分钟，120分钟的电影故事，描述性语言加对白最大容量约等于汉字6万字左右。容量比悬殊不言而喻。 更极端的例子是姜伟把天津作家龙一1万多字的短篇小说《潜伏》，改编为24集热播电视剧，尽管对场景描述作了极大简化，还是写了16万字之多。 一部西游记，有人统计是64万字。在64万字里改编出6万字的电影故事，也不是一件容易的事情。 所以，改编不是小说故事的简单移植，是一次货真价实的二度创作。 从艺术形式差别上看，道理也很浅显。小说可以使用文字恣意地还原作者的想象力，而电影故事只能忠实于视听语言的综合表现力，差别岂止万千, 最重要的还不仅于此。原则上，任何表达和讲述的方式，哪怕是把故事转换为意识和纯感觉的流动，通过文字都是可以实现的。而电影故事严谨地遵循了欧洲 2000年以来的戏剧冲突传统。也就是说，电影故事好看与不好看，卖座与不卖座，完全由观众零散的购买行为来投票决定;而观众的构成并非需要学历和资质的认证;100年以来电影产业实践发现，如若想要电影故事实现热卖的市场效应，说到底要让故事实现主人公推动故事发展，实现视听语言下一波三折的故事讲述效果，从一个最基础的戏剧动作，追求故事的思想意义。 所以说，小说好看，未必电影故事好看。困扰小说改编者和业界导演、制片人的迷局，恰巧在于这里。同样选取口碑很好的文字故事，为什么此故事会爆棚，另一部却走进了失败的死胡同, 按照罗伯特麦基的观点，有些小说，是改编不出来，应该果断放弃。 本小文的初衷，就是通过12个基本的文字故事判断点，来观察小说改编遇到的普遍困扰。个人观点，经供参考。 1、 起点 通过看小说，重点考察故事究竟应该从哪里开始讲起。 小说通常可以从故事事件的开端娓娓道来，不疾不徐。而电影故事必须有一个很功利化的起点，就是使用最初的10几分钟来抓住观众对故事人物的兴趣。 电影故事通常是从对人物在起始状态最精炼的必要描写的精彩场景开始进行讲述的。 比如爱情故事，《西雅图夜未眠》，开始的场景就是山姆痛失爱妻，生活陷入谷底，心情陷入麻木。墓地、亲友聚会、办公室同事相劝3个场景完成了对这个人物在故事开端生动描述，让观众对这个用情至深的好男人接下来的故事充满兴趣。 《失恋33天》，把一个自信的女王范儿的白领，无论如何也不会像想到的特别的失恋场景，作为故事危机前置，有效抓住观众对人物命运的了解欲望。 比如惊悚犯罪故事《七宗罪》，会在故事列车开动以前，通过一个场景系列，让你对一老一新两个极富于职业特点和个性特点的重案组警探，产生浓烈兴趣，让你自愿和乐于跟着故事的发展变化走。 起点是改编者必须研究的首要问题。起点研究的意义就在于如何通过最短的时间来引起观众对个案电影故事的兴趣，顺利实现接下来的结构性变化。 小说可以把故事从头讲起，细说原委，通过文字的魅力徐徐实现这个目标，电影不能;小说可以多条线索并进，来实现故事的“条条大路通罗马”的目标，而电影必须保证前提的高度集中，因果关系的直白、有力和贯通。 过去我们习惯于把故事从头讲起的模式，比如前苏联有一部电影，叫作《莫斯科不相信眼泪》，分为两部。而实际上作为电影故事的表达方式，后一部就足够了，上一部完全可以转化为下一部故事的铺垫，有意义的变化只存在于下一部。 而且我们会发现，凡是把故事从头讲起的，都不会通过电影故事的形式对观众具有特别吸引力，必然导致故事发展变化的有效空间被挤占，故事的冲突密度被稀释，无法让观众产生购买冲动。 故事起点完全和电影故事接下来的一波三折的充分变化有关，犹如一场激烈的体育赛事，在开赛前给运动员镜头，让观众对接下来激烈的对抗、变局充满期待和想象。 在小说里，原创作者通常不会给你准备好现成的故事起点，只会为你准备好创造起点的可能性。改编者的首要任务，就是发现这种可能性，运用才华把这种可能性变为故事开端最精彩的场景。 2、 动力点 不了解内驱故事理论的人，通常不会认同这个提法。电影故事还有动力点，在哪里,我干了20年编剧，第一次听到你在这里如此装模作样地大忽悠～ 稍安勿躁。 电影故事必须像一部动力火车，必须让观众感觉到故事通过对抗形式实现的激烈的运动感觉。如若你不让黑暗电影院里的观众体验过山车的感觉，请问，你有什么理由要求观众在黑暗中屏气凝神，来观看你创造出来的电影故事,再请问，你能拿出什么样的你所创造的经典故事案例，来推翻我的关于动力点的说法,如若不能，请先耐心听我说下去。 2000年以来，欧洲戏剧都是通过卖票来实现戏剧的良性发展的。莎士比亚时代，王公贵族和城市平民，会共聚一所戏院来观看戏剧。莎士比亚最头疼的一件事情，就是如何留住观众，如何让观众那怕是站在台口，也会津津有味把整部戏看完。这个场景，就是《恋爱中的莎士比亚》故事的开端。 “生，还是死，这还是个问题”，哈姆雷特一上台，观众就安静下来。因为他们知道，好戏就要开场了。为什么，因为动力点出现了，哈姆雷特面临做出一个重要的欲望选择，这个选择，将会彻底影响他的命运。 电影故事实现动力火车效果，可以说在很大程度上依赖于动力点。它将决定，是谁，在推动这个故事发展,是主人公通过选择来推动故事变化，还是作者自己想当然安排故事的变化,这将是影响故事是否可以始终抓住观众的一个关键点。 在人物驱动故事的基本原理中，这个动力点叫做电影故事的诱发事件。故事的诱发事件，就好像故事发动机的点火器，将会引发故事一系列有意义的运转，故事的动力火车因此可以载满观众的期待隆隆前进，将观众从起点一直带到终点。 这个动力点在故事主人公身上。通常，戏剧和电影展现的是人物的“激变”过程，故事展现的是人生的两极体验，不是中间状态。人物必须是在人生鲜能体验的“两难”状态里，对面临的困境做出反应，展开一系列的选择和持续的努力抗争，最终呈现出一个和最初的抗争动作相一致的必然结果。根据人类对故事的特殊爱好所依据的生理心理特点，这样的主动选择是构建故事的压力感的系列冲突的起点，是创造故事对观众最基础吸引力的根本原因。主人公缺乏一系列选择和行动力的故事，不会激活观众的生活经验，就像一部没有发动机的车辆空壳。或者是类似大卫芬奇《心理游戏》那样，主人公被捉弄得狼狈不堪的“马拉火车”式的故事。 仔细观察，在最适合改编成电影故事的小说里，一定会存在一个故事的动力点，一个故事系列变化的起动装置，牵引故事沿着预设的铁轨隆隆向前。 举例说，《辛德勒的名单》，一个自私的有纳粹政治倾向的商人，为什么做出了营救1200多名犹太人的高尚的人道主义英雄，赢得了所有被救者的景仰与膜拜,故事的动力点就在独臂老人被杀，辛德勒出于自保原因，开始试图抵制纳粹大屠杀种族灭绝政策。就是这个看起来力度并不大，伴随不情愿的选择，启动了故事列车。 以《致青春》为例，这个在策划阶段就被很多资深电影人不看好的故事，为什么在2013年初中小成本国产电影集体暴动中成为佼佼者,就是因为改编者抓住了动力点，实现了故事沿着预定的主脊椎出色进行讲述。在三部较为出色的电影故事中，《致青春》表现最为抢眼，首先的区别就是它具有明确的、令人印象深刻的动力点:郑微与陈孝正的“非正常邂逅”，此后郑微就以一系列的“女追男”的模式展开了对陈的不按常规出牌的疯狂追求，引发了故事一系列有意义的变化，让故事真正动起来。 而这个动力点，在小说里真实存在。 3、 起始点 起始点和故事起点，是两个不同研究角度。 起始点的重点，在于考察内驱故事所要求的、围绕主人公命运进行的、从动力点开始启动，沿着预设路线抵达故事危机高潮部分的可能性和必然性。 好看的故事，必须是由主人公引发的“基础戏剧动作”(诱发事件)，随着主人公对对抗力作出的一系列连续反应所导致的必然变化，这种变化必须从主人公生活的土壤和性格因素里找到坚实的基础，经过足够的生活环境和内心感觉的价值变化(40—60场饱满实在的对抗冲突)，抵达一个必然的故事高点，在这个必不可少的故事顶峰处，自然而然地揭示出故事所蕴含的思想意义。即劳逊所说的，所有好故事，都要通过这样的方式，表达“对人的新认识和对人类关系的新发现”。 故事从起点到终点的全部意义，就是通过围绕主人公有机对抗冲突结构的实现，通过主人公在动力点所作出的第一个反抗动作，必然引发结尾处那个故事的节日时刻，那个礼花绽放的绚丽时刻，那个故事主题思想在高潮的瞬间呈现的时刻。这就是故事最基本的“同一性”要求，即从动力点开始，一直到结尾，每一个戏剧冲突对抗结构都是恰到好处地成为一个好故事的不二的、不可替代的有机链条，“增一分则长，减一分则短”，拿掉任何一环，故事的整体链条就会破坏。 首尾一致的原则，是好故事最重要的原则。而缺乏内驱特点的故事，往往是讲述随机散乱，首尾不能相顾，压力不能贯通，前提不能集中，观众兴趣无法维持的故事。抛开故事的形象思维特点，抽象到极致，我们看到的是，起始点能否遥相呼应，和做文章是一个道理。假使你的文章要清晰有力讲述一个抽象道理，必须保证论证过程的高度一致，层层递进。文字的华彩永远是第二位的东西。假使你写《卖炭翁》，得出的结论不是苛政猛于虎，而是小桥流水人家，采菊东篱下，那你的文章就是典型的首尾不能相顾。 好故事如《天下无贼》，王薄从反抗王丽“金盆洗手”出发，经过一系列惊心动魄，却又是必然的变化，在故事结尾为了保护傻根“无贼”天真梦想而付出生命，就是这对虽然有缺点，但真诚相爱、良心未泯有情人，在遇到傻根和一伙货真价实的强贼之后的一个首尾一致的变化结果。动力点决定了故事的危机高潮，在这两者之间，具有高度的同一性。这就是故事好看的重要原因，因为故事的压力结构始终沿着预设路线没有断线，观众始终被一种力道所吸引，产生情感投入，心甘情愿跟着故事列车前行，丝毫没有中途下车的想法。 烂故事如《金陵十三钗》，四个并行的故事前提破坏了故事的高度集中的同一性，产生了四种可能性;而在120分钟有限的线性时间结构里，哪一种可能性都完成不了充分有效的发展变化过程。故事虽然很刚烈，但结果是不仅首尾一致的危机高潮没有被有效点燃，而且故事的意义也被讲述方法的散乱所消融。在故事的结尾，观众就像那些懵懵懂懂的女学生，睁着一双无辜的大眼睛，目睹他们所无法理解的大姐姐们慷慨赴死的意义一样，陷入了茫然。当然，这个故事的失败，还 有其他重要原因。但最大的因果关系障碍——故事的同一性不能成立，是这个故事失败的主因。 类似的例子还有《1942》，创作者的动机一开始就在打架。编剧关注“为什么会发生,”导演关注灾难给人物带来了什么。两个动机一开始就在打架，于是故事变成了一个电影化的“流民图”，观众除了感受大巨大压抑和视觉震撼以外，对故事的主人公是谁，故事的发展变化结构点在哪里，幕高潮转折点以及整个故事的危机高潮和思想意义，统统会感觉语焉不详。类似的例子还有《白鹿原》。 事件推动故事的全景式讲述方法，在电影历史上不是没有成功的范例，但毫无例外都暗中满足了两个条件:1、故事具有高度集中的思想主脊椎，充分的、内部巧妙勾连的多条故事线沿着思想的主脊椎强有力地实现了故事所探寻的意义，这个意义必须是非常富有时代性的集体困惑;2、在灾难类型故事里，人物只能对灾难的固定链条做出必要反应，但灾难链条已对抗力的形式激活了主人公的强烈求生欲望，变相实现了主人公主动性驱动故事的全部效果。除此之外，鲜有成功先例。 在阅读小说的时候，我们相当部分的精力，应该集中在对文字故事中的围绕故事主人公命运变化而存在的起始点和电影故事所需要的高度同一性进行二次发现和解读。所谓发现，意思是说，要透过文字故事对所有人物及其所围绕的故事事件全面进行考察、审视和取舍，发现和再造电影故事所需要的故事起始点及其合理的预设路线;所谓解读的意思是，在一些经典文字作品的改编中，改编者常常会因为时代的发展变化，获得故事新的角度，也就是获得了故事新的内在的起始点和同一性。比如，《水浒传》和《西游记》，老版和新版故事角度不同，其故事的起始点和内在同一性都会有微妙的变化。 而对于一些经过百般努力也无法发现和提取有价值的故事起始点和同一性的故事，则应该理智地及时予以放弃，比如《金陵十三钗》、《1942》和《白鹿原》的改编。 4、 波峰点 中国古代文论对文章效果最平朴素的表达是:“文似看山”。 故事吸引观众的秘诀，也在于阶段性冲突所累积的人物命运变化对观众造成的吸引力和情绪情感的投入。 所谓累积性的阶段性的变化结果，从归根本上说，不是主人公所面临的外部环境的价值变化，就是主人公能够切肤感受到的内心价值的变化;变化的基本标志，不是总体向好，就是总体向坏。这些阶段性的变化，是观众最为敏感的地方。 我们反复解释过，电影故事的基本技能，是欧洲戏剧这位老师所赐，从单个的戏剧对抗冲突动作，到完整的冲突动作系列，再到场景，再到故事的幕结构变化，这都是故事内在的阶段性冲突累计的实在可见的结果，绝对不是毫无意义的程式。一个阶段性的冲突结构完成，必然会产生一个阶段性的价值结果，对于主人公的命运而言，非好即坏，绝对不能模棱两可，居于中性状态，那是故事的静止状态。只要故事按照内驱故事规律，由主人公面对阻力做出第一个反应，故事的运动积累过程就会开始。阶段性变化的结果，必然会找到一个叫做幕高潮的重点故事场景，用这个场景，给这个阶段的故事发展变化，作一个总结和强调。 采用曲线运动的方式来描述故事变化的规律，我们会发现，三幕常态结构的故事，不是呈现出正“N”字形态的变化“好坏好”，就是呈现出反“N”字形态的变化(坏好坏);四幕结构的故事，不是呈现“W”型变化(坏好坏好)，就是呈现“M”型变化(好坏好坏);随着故事材料所决定的幕结构增加，依次类推。 通堂结构的一路向好和一路向坏，以及幕结构阶段性变化价值方向“顺拐”，都会被观众敏感察觉到，影响故事审美效果。 举例说明:《致青春》第一幕——郑微与陈孝正巧遇，从结仇到深爱，内心不能自拔，情况却越来越糟，直到演出季上台唱歌(好变坏)。第二幕，两个人“坠入爱河”，情况越来越好(坏变好)。第三幕，毕业季陈孝正出国，同学们各奔东西，时间跨越7年，总体压抑，以阮莞为纪念旧情遭遇车祸辞世收尾(好变坏)。第四幕，与林静分手，郑微开始真正意义上的成长，理解了爱情究竟是什么，增添了宽容，以揭秘海洋馆秘密结局，开放性的结局(坏变好)。 “顺拐”例子:按照经典故事结构，冲突压力系统具有上扬和下沉之分，分别导向正面价值和负面价值。 也就是说，如果一个三幕结构故事，你的第一幕是下沉，价值对主人公来说呈现负面，那么第二幕通常是一个上扬结构。那么，《小时代2》通过顾里与林萧的和解做到了这一点。接下来难题就出来了，你的电影高潮应该是负面，或者是下沉里的精神上扬，向《天下无贼》那样。而郭敬明的第二个故事，是一个大团圆结局。如此必然带来全剧高潮力度不够，感到不过瘾，不持久。还好，最后结局场景处理的富于特色和内在张力，在一定程度对这个结构缺陷有所弥补。 《小时代》第一部结构要求落实得比较规范，所以参考首日票房，我把电影的票房预测为5亿。而第二部考虑到系列片质量没超过或者达到第一部水准，我把票房预测为3亿左右。有我与《小时代》制片人的微博对话记录进行佐证。 至于分不出结构阶段性变化的故事，在我的分析文章里，2013年有好几部。根本的原因是作者驱动，人物不能有机推动故事的发展变化，造成了通堂结构，故 事对观众的吸引效果奇差。比如我评论分析过的《一场风花雪月的事》，只取得了区区2700万票房，铁定亏损。同样，在我的微刊《时间线的自述》里，有现成的文章可查。 因此，在阅读小说的时候，对故事的发展变化曲线的观察至关重要，最好能够找到围绕主人公命运变化的系列冲突累积点的代表性描述文字段落，以便经过二度创作，转换为经典饱满的视听语言重点场景，出色完成故事阶段性变化的节点构造，让你的故事曲线更加令观众感到满意。 小说改编成电影故事的12个研究点(2) 5、 转折点 在每个段落的价值节点上，其实最难于处理的是前一个段落向下一个的段落的转折问题。好莱坞的电影故事，结构上作得出色的，不仅在大段落之间进行转折的时候，会创造出出色的故事转折点，而且在场景序列和场景之间，都会明显察觉出转折点的存在。 转折点是让故事在主人公主导的系列冲突中，在一个动作与下一个动作之间，一个场景与下一个场景之间以及故事段落之间的自然的令人信服的缀连物，这个缀连物的创造，难度是比较大的。 首先，它技无定法，必须在人物性格产生的选择、人物关系、对立冲突趋势和态势、对抗与妥协、对白与动作、小道具与场景环境中巧妙捕捉，如影随形;其次，尤其以情态和价值的逆转最为微妙，必须巧妙天成，超出观众的想象力;第三，段落之间的转折最容易被观众所关注，牵扯到一个段落里矛盾冲突造成的对主人公命运影响的价值转变，因此最为重要。好故事的转折点常常决定其故事讲述的质量是否扎实。如果编剧的技能，尚不能把故事冲突从动作到场景里的自然转换做到绝妙，至少对大的段落转折点，应该把功夫下足，否则观众就会对故事的可信性产生质疑。 故事的转折点，绝对不是过去我们习惯认为的“说曹操，曹操就到”之类的镜头连接技法，而是和故事内容表达，故事发展前进中的律动感，人物命运的价值变化以及节奏感、情感氛围的改变息息相关，是故事生动讲述必不可少的重要技术。 比较适合改编成影视作品的文字故事，作家一般具有冲突构建和推动技能，很多作品里面会比较明确的让你捕捉到人物在推动故事冲突中的自然节律，并且在这 种动作、场景描述和段落转化中，已经创造了较好的故事转折点或者留有二次创作的启发元素。准确察觉和妙用作家的文字转折点，是故事改编比较重要的结构功夫。 让我们举一个大家比较熟悉的例子，李樯再改编辛夷坞《致青春》中，从动作转化到场景转折，乃至段落间的转折点，其感知、捕捉、联想和再创造的功夫，是下得比较足的。 首先举一个动作转化的例子。在小说里，故事开场是从校园迎接新生开始的。但李樯为了给主人公郑薇在故事开端作好铺垫，结合视听艺术的要求，创造了一个“豌豆公主梦”的梦幻场景。而这个场景的捕捉，来自郑薇与阮莞最初关系的描写，还来自许开阳赠送郑薇的童话故事情景玩具，并不是小说里固有的样子。郑薇在故事开端青涩少女的展开怀抱拥抱新生活的状态，得到了较好铺垫。而这个白日梦动作系列的明显转折来自于梦醒:郑薇发现自己坐在一个猥琐大叔的身边，出现在火车上，梦幻一下子拉回到现实。 再举一个场景转化的例子。比如郑薇发现自己暗恋上了陈孝正，鼓足勇气向“情感热线”求助，最终获得了向陈孝正表白的勇气。这个情节在小说里，是郑薇向自己的妈妈求助。如果原封不动搬上银幕，会造成两个不好的效果和失掉了另一个巧借客串明星影响力的积极效果。两个不好的效果是:1、势必导致加大无效场景的效果。关于郑薇妈妈和林伯伯的爱情纠葛，在小说里有清楚描写和交待，但在高度集中的电影故事里，属于应该悬挂在主人公生活背景里的“潜在真实”。不应该过分借助潜在处理的情节线索来推动情节。2、势必造成对人物价值选择的某种偏离。关于婚外恋是敏感话题，不应该在一个涉世未深的青春爱情故事里，过多出现。因此，改编者经过审慎思考，决定将这个重要的冲突动作系列终端的改变、转折，植入进自己新创造的场景里。借助韩红饰演“知心姐姐”形象，更为合理，与主人公病急乱投医的混乱心态颇为匹配;且巧妙借助了明星影响力，让这个包含了转折因素的场景更为新颖和灵动，给观众留下更深刻的印象。当然这个场景的创造也许和赵薇有关，不深究。这个包含了巧妙转折因素场景过后，郑薇向陈孝正的勇敢表白就有了深刻基础，水到渠成。 最后我们看故事段落的关键转折点。《致青春》第一幕从郑薇与陈孝正的“非正常邂逅”诱发事件开始，到第一幕结束时郑薇高调宣布不和他玩了，呈现出明显的下沉。而郑薇冲上台唱歌，实际上已经唤醒了陈孝正内心的情愫，坚冰已经打开。而郑薇“自甘堕落”打花牌，引发了陈孝正莫妙奇妙的“英雄救美”冲动，故事转折点很好地从人物性格深处自然走了出来。而关于陈孝正来回在老张宿舍门口走过的情节，在小说里原本都细致而具体地存在。准确地捕捉和几乎不改动的视听化改造和利用，让第一幕与第二幕的转折非常顺畅。 6、黄金场景展示点 所谓的故事改编中的“黄金场景展示点”的捕捉和创造，是文字故事向银幕故事转化的重要技术之一。缺少这种捕捉和改造能力，你的故事就会像电视剧一样，缺少鲜艳的色彩和空灵浪漫深邃的视觉表达柔性空间。 银幕故事与文字故事最大的区别，就是文字故事可以兼顾视觉与冲突的匹配，在一些关键的故事节点上创造出美妙场景描写，也可以忽略这些，专注于故事情节的发展。比起视听语言表达，文字故事在情节发展上的想象力也许会大于情景描述。很多文字故事是天然去雕饰的。 银幕故事在幼年阶段，特别重视画面给观众带来的冲击力和吸引力，我们管它叫作电影的惊奇元素，除了故事本身给观众带来的惊奇感，更多地指向了镜头呈现给符合故事讲述规律的关键场景带来的冲击力。这种趋势，在1945年好莱坞从两次欧洲电影革命成果，合理吸收各个先锋派别对镜头技术呈现所创造的先进方法开始，越来越受到电影行业的突出重视。 作为小说改编而来的电影剧本，对导演呈现最有吸引力的就是“黄金场景展示点”，能够极大调动和发挥导演二度塑型创作的热情。 比如说当年张艺谋拍摄《红高粱》中所创造的红高粱地视觉形象以及“巨大婚床”的形象;比如克林特伊斯特伍德所创造的乡村美景、廊桥形象与这场“旷世奇爱”故事的匹配，都应该在编剧的设计范围，或者本身就存在于文字的描写中。 黄金场景展示，不仅可以紧扣故事情节，在关键节点的技术呈现上，或者创造出镜头运动与冲突动作间的美妙契合，或者在环境氛围上植入深刻含义。后者在内驱故事理论里，和主题呈现密切相关，叫做“形象象征系统”，是故事讲述达到高级状态的一种特有现象。 在类型片里，每一种类型片几乎都有相对固定的镜头场景表达方式，和故事冲突系统完美融合，发挥电影故事的视觉想象力和冲击力。比如说，在爱情类型片中，所谓的“美丽邂逅”、“良辰美景”、“关键之吻”、“美的仪式”等等必不可少的桥段，都需要借助黄金场景设计来发挥其效力;在惊悚犯罪故事中，与罪犯犯罪特点、案件类型特点相匹配的意象化场景，也成为这类故事给观众造成视觉冲击和心理冲击，加强和维持故事神秘色彩与恐怖悬疑色彩的必要手段。比如《七宗罪》影片外景和重点场景的美术设计基调，天总是在下雨，街道总是有积水，犯罪分子家里和犯罪现场总是充满了强烈的色调对比，为了创造这种对比，导演甚至想到了采用特殊的“留银冲洗”技术。而如果你选中的小说，是偏重类型表达的，你就要特别留意这些相关的背景描写和细节描写，以及作家在对人物进行心理刻画时候，留给你的黄金场景创造的重大可能性。 黄金场景的捕捉和创造，不能离开内驱故事一系列最重要的结构性原则，即你不能为了创造所谓你眼中的黄金场景，而忽略了故事结构和系列冲突表达的有机需要。黄金场景是故事苗圃种自然孕育出的花朵，你可以给它施肥、修枝剪蔓、喷洒叶面肥和光亮剂，但你不能自欺欺人地暗度陈仓、移花接木。比如我们在故事创作中常常会偏重大场景和奇幻场面、武打追逐场面的不合理追求，常常会在情节中无端创造出与冲突结构毫无关系的特异场景，或者是在故事开头刻意创造一个耗资巨大的战争场面。这是需要警惕和避免的通病。特别要警惕来自香港韩国的一些所谓的资深影人以及专家的那些破坏故事结构的烧钱不讨好的拙劣策划案。 与这种倾向相反，我们还必须警惕让自己的故事掉进电视剧草台班子的水准，让整个电影故事视觉表达沦为二流电视剧水平，通篇找不到一个像样的电影故事黄金场景，例如《啊，朋友还钱》。其实，电视剧镜头不讲究，是中国电视剧产业独有的产物，与产业关系倒置、相关专业人员素质参差不齐以及定价不合理导致的在制作费中挤出利润空间等顽疾都有一定关系;在美剧中，基本上看不到这种现象。 如果在小说原著中，找不到关键节点所需要的现成的黄金场景建筑材料，那么就需要编剧创造出适合冲突结构表达的全新场景。还是举例《致青春》，第二幕陈孝正与郑薇陷入热恋，爱情类型片特有的互动反应模式在观众那里引发了神奇效应，爱情故事的所谓“良辰美景”和“定情之吻”，就需要一个黄金场景来加强、延伸和固化对观众的吸引。再说简单一点，就是在这个哏节上，需要一个给劲的场景来加强效果。在原小说中，作者只是描述了陈孝正第一次把手伸进郑薇衣服里的美妙感觉，但对场景描写就忽略了视觉效果考虑，这也是小说家和编剧再自然也不过的区别了。李樯似乎很懂得爱情类型片的固定桥段对于表达爱情“热度”的极端重要性，奇思妙想，把分散的暑假回家计划改变为去阮莞家乡集体度假，另外把郑薇妈妈和林伯伯在婺源作知青时定情地点大槐树的想象，移植到了《致青春》故事的经典爱情桥段中来，取得了非常令人满意的效果。 7、 副结构配合点 过去，我们一直以为电影是对戏剧的一次空前的解放。 戏剧最著名的定律是三一律，几个主要人物，一个舞台布景，像一个火柴盒，把所有的戏剧冲突，锁定在一个朝向观众的固定场景里。所有与这一有限制的现在时相关的关于戏剧事件和人物，都会被编织进人物的对白。例如《雷雨》，关于侍萍和周朴园、周萍和繁漪的旧关系，都是通过人物的对白进行补足和交待的。中国的话剧还从戏曲中接见了过场戏、程式化表演来配合过场戏，以及从布莱希 特戏剧理念中发展出活动舞台布景、使用灯光对舞台空间进行分割等打破“三一律”束缚的种种方式方法。 但是与电影故事的结构方法比较起来，这些改变终究还是小巫见大巫。 于是我们会认为电影是无所不能的，只有想不到，没有做不到。 最近有一个网络上的讨论观点，认为导演教育不成功，很多导演缺少故事能力，倒是一些编剧的能力越过了导演技术门槛，成为新生力量。我认为这个观点是有问题的。恰恰相反，中国影视艺术基础教育，我认为恰恰是导演专业教育是成功的。怎么看这个问题呢,首先我们要有一个共识，就是导演是电影工业的工艺师，而编剧才是电影工业的设计师。从电影工艺上看，技术呈现部分距离国际先进水平差距并不是很大，而从设计角度看，故事能力不足的责任首先在于编剧。个中原因，归结于中国艺术教育在特殊的历史背景下，过于偏向重视前苏联和意大利、法国的电影经验总结，偏离了来自欧洲2000年戏剧冲突传统的电影故事原理，加之当代历史的影响，编剧教育的偏差成为了中国电影工业的致命软肋。 一个比较明显的事实是，只要中国的顶级导演，遇到了符合故事规律的少量优秀剧本，电影产品的成功就成为板上钉钉的铁案。多数情况是，好剧本一本难求。导演的滑铁卢事件于是一再上演。 承接戏剧与电影艺术区别点的话题，在这种局面下，我们其实最容易犯的常见错误，就是认为电影在时间和空间的表现上无所不能，开始滥用电影艺术的这个自由度，从而根本上忽略了电影艺术对冲突集中度的最基本要求。 在中国，虽常见的问题有两个。一个是认为电影表现大时代史诗，是手到擒来的拿手好戏，热衷于人物众多、线索繁杂的史诗性长篇小说的改编，贪大图宏，热衷于为时代打造一个巨型雕像。殊不知，电影对于史诗的表现，也是具有诸多显著因素的。历史上史诗性作品成功案例少之又少，成功作品毫无例外，都是“一个人的史诗”，例如《甘地传》、《阿拉伯的劳伦斯》、《现代启示录》等等。而像《1942》、《金陵十三钗》、《白鹿原》等，都会因为前提复杂，人物众多而失去电影故事的吸引力。另一个是认为相似的事件可以放在一个故事框架里进行表现的，自创了很多多线索故事，齐头并进，或者是干脆把故事变成几个小故事段落的组合，例如《全球热恋》、《全城热恋》、《将爱》等等。我们的一些文艺片，还会把不同的人物和事件，放在一个故事空间里进行表现，来追求作者的多元情怀。例如《云下的日子》把走出大山的孩子关于知识就是力量的故事与一个走出文革心态的浪子回头的故事做成一个俄罗斯套娃;《钢的琴》把失业下岗给人们生活方式带来的变化和父亲之爱混在一个炉子里炼金;《飞越老人院》把众多的老年个体命运放在一个事件背景里进行化学实验等等。最终的结果，都 是毫无列外破坏了电影故事围绕主人公命运进行封闭性压力碰撞，追求故事的高潮和思想的基本原理，导致了故事的分散、弱化、冲突的稀释和故事讲述状态的停滞，不足以对观众形成吸引。 内驱故事理论最重要的优势，就是以主人公命运变化为核心，在高度统一的故事前提下，在一个线性封闭结构里，让主人公在困境下的选择成功营造出故事的压力结构，让主人公的命运变化激活了观众的类似生活经验和情绪情感活动，产生了强烈的代入感和吸引力。从故事的诱发事件出发，经历足够的一波三折的主动性变化，来到了故事的危机高潮时刻，点燃了故事的思想。 纵观电影史上一切成功的电影故事，特别是结合中国电影市场化以来所有成功的经典电影故事，毫无例外，电影故事的成功，是围绕主人公命运变化带来的感动和意义的成功，不是电影表现手段空前自由的成功。在这一点上，电影和戏剧，本质上具有高度的相似性。 唯一例外的是，以思想为故事主脊椎的电影故事，可以融合内在具有精巧连缀关系的不同事件，震撼推出故事思想主题的电影故事，如反思和讨论“种族主义思想无处不在”的《撞车》。而在戏剧实践里，中国经典话剧《茶馆》走的还是这条路。这是一条看似分散，实则高度集中的路子。正是因为我们对“思想的主脊椎”缺乏理解，才会出现类似陈凯歌《搜索》这样的骑在表现人物命运和探索故事思想墙头上的故事。 优秀的电影故事，并不是电线结构，好像故事主人公只会生活在自己的世界里，像一个或者一对闭门苦读的学生。好故事里的结构线索，并非只有一条。好故事的结构，常常是网状结构，或者是类似中国陶瓷烧制工艺里的钧瓷艺术，每一条细小的裂痕都在公共营造一种关于主人公故事的整体压力结构或者叫做整体效果，让围绕主人公命运进行的变化丰富、灵动和饱满。过于纤巧的故事结构不好看，过于庞杂和分散的枝蔓会影响故事对观众的吸引。 处理好故事的副结构，是一门高超的艺术。好故事的结构是能够折射生活七彩光线的结晶体，不是简单的玻璃管。所有的好故事都是如此。《红高粱》里，没有土匪郑三炮线索，没有刘罗锅酿出好酒的线索，没有剥人皮的师徒，故事就失去了传奇色彩;《天下无贼》里，没有傻根和狼告别的场景，没有强贼开会的场景，没有警察暗中布控的场景，没有笨贼打劫的场景，故事的真实度都会受到影响。《真实的谎言》没有英雄妻子渴望冒险的情结，故事也会不完整;《西雅图夜未眠》，没有安妮和男朋友的相关情节，故事也难以成立，故事结构就无法编织;《一条叫旺达的鱼》，在旺达身边如果没有奥托、肯这样的高质量喜剧人物，故事成色就会大为降低。《致青春》里，没有阮莞的情节线，没有林静的情节线， 没有黎维娟这个扁平人物，故事结构也难以完成，直接的后果就是故事变成了两幕结构，只剩下郑薇和陈孝正。 在小说里，原本就存在众多的故事人物和情节线。必须承认，热销小说故事受到读者喜欢，基础在那里。但我们需要考虑的是，哪些人物和情节线，对电影故事“从一个基础的戏剧动作出发”，经过主人公有形无形的选择，构成了故事通往危机高潮部分的有机变化是有直接帮助的东西;哪些情节线是多余重复的，与主人公故事的阻力和变化诱发力是无关的和可有可无的东西。所有被选中的情节线和人物，都不能离开故事的主脊椎各行其是，兀自玩耍。完成后的结构，应该是满足故事太阳星系的要求，让所有人物围绕主人公命运变化有机运转。 以《致青春》为例，小说的后半部分显然对于电影故事主题有所游离，故事的发展变化脱离了电影故事的需要的主脊椎。于是改编者不仅砍掉了六大天后中的两位缺乏新意的人物，而且依据自己的生活经验，大胆对陈孝正回国后的职业、老张这个人物的命运轨迹以及对阮莞的“屌丝对女神”的暗恋、林静爱情经历的定位作了较大胆的改动，让故事的主脊椎更加突出，整个故事围绕郑薇的内心成长出色完成了结构任务。试想，如果改变者拘泥原著，在郑薇与陈孝正关系上过多陷入“宫斗”困惑，让郑薇与林静的复合过多陷入“世俗”感觉，这个故事的主脊椎就会发生改变，破坏了故事从基础动作到高潮的同一性。正因为如此，我们才会理解改编者把原本郑薇与陈孝正动物园游园一节作为引子，创造出“海洋馆”一节，作为故事整体高潮出现的重要性所在。 8、 背景潜在真实吊挂点 国产片潜在真实的表现，是一个比较大的缺陷点。 仔细观察好莱坞的商业片(其实叫做商业片，很不科学，没有那么多的概念，只有好故事和烂故事之分)，潜在真实的表现是十分清晰的。 所谓潜在真实，就是人物的社会特征在这个独一无二(人物个性)的角色的突出表现。潜在真实与人物的关系，是冰山结构，即通过人物在有限的电影故事时间线上可见的行动、动作、对白和选择中，看到吊挂在水面下的那些巨大的成因及其合理性。唯有这样的人物，才是个性鲜明、独一无二、高度可信和具有独特吸引力的。 潜在真实的说法，在我的理解中是电影故事针对于小说的容量区别而创造的一个特殊概念。小说容量大，空间自由，任何关于人物的社会、家庭、人际关系、个性特征、心理特点的描写，一般来说是非常充分的。也就是说，小说可以不存在所谓冰山结构，有时间、有空间，你可以全部都写出来。但电影不行。电影只有120分钟，不能像小说那样，把与冲突没有直接关系的一切“水面下”的东西一览 无余进行表现。电影需要更加聪明的办法对人物进行铺垫和渲染，让人物以更鲜明的形象加入电影故事的冲突，让观众从饱满的人物身上感觉到故事不一样的魅力。 好莱坞电影，尤其是现实题材电影，其“潜在真实”的特点是非常突出的，所以会很好看。上个世纪美国好莱坞电影70年代后迎来黄金30年，无论是冷峻反映现实的故事，还是众多的表现城市人群温暖情感模式的电影，以及那些站在人性高度进行深刻思考的电影，其中的电影人物都是“潜在真实”塑造方法的楷模。 潜在真实首先是作者尊重生活真实的一种态度。 以电影的方式追求商业目的，是无可非议的市场模式。但是，故事产品必须是我们对生活的提炼和感悟，不是为了商业目的而可以任意而为的东西。 仅以2013年国产电影为例，年初三部较为成功的《致青春》、《合伙人》和《北遇西》，都较好地把生活真实、时代的特征，通过电影故事的艺术提炼较好地反映在电影故事和人物身上。无论是从郑薇视角展开的残酷的青春和爱情的回忆，还是三个年轻人在创业中的态度分歧情感纠葛，或者是浪漫的异国爱情变迁，都和我们的生活我们的时代密不可分。在故事人物身上，一言一行一举一动，都会反映出生活的变化和时代的特征。 同样以2013年一些缺乏“潜在真实”特点的所谓商业模式电影故事，例如《我爱的是你爱我》、《全民目击》等，缺乏正是作者对生活逻辑的正确发现和提炼。以至于在这些故事人物的身上，你不会强烈感觉到生活的力量，整个故事的可信度和主题强度都会受到影响。原因是作者过于执迷制造某种商业效果、类型效果而完全忽略了生活逻辑，导致人物成为无源之水无本之木，轻飘飘的感觉不到他存在的分量。前者为了制造爱情的迷宫，把爱情变为相互折磨的游戏;后者过于专心制造惊悚悬疑效果，失去了人物最基本的深刻动机。 潜在真实更是最重要的故事结构技术。 如果没有关注和跟随我的研究与探讨，这么说可能会比较难于理解。是的，潜在真实是好故事最重要的结构技术。因为内驱故事理论认为，受到观众喜欢的电影故事，一定是能够按照一般观众的故事审美习惯建立起来的正确的故事讲述方法讲出来的故事，一定是可以调动观众生活经验和情绪情感活动的好故事。潜在真实的要求，是让故事人物更加丰满，其动机、选择、行动、反应，让观众看起来就是生活中应该有的样子，或者是根据生活经验进行预期，可以高度吻合甚至超出了预期，更好，更完美。 首先反应在故事铺垫上。好故事的铺垫是故事冲突顺利展开的基本条件，潜在真实的描写有助于人物吸引观众兴趣。《辛德勒名单》开局介绍辛德勒，用了大约30分钟，把那个特殊年代里一个自私自利，带有纳粹政治倾向和一心想发战争财的商人形象刻画得游刃有余，成功吸引了观众，让他接下来在如何在纳粹的种族灭绝政策中做出选择的故事，牢牢吸引观众。 其次，对小说中关于人物的描写，如何取舍，如何利用，如何转化，也是电影故事完成结构任务的重点。还是举例《致青春》。首先说取舍，关于郑薇和林静父母的情感纠葛，大部分进行了省略，但保留了这件事情对两个人爱情关系的影响，让故事讲述围绕有意义的青春追忆进行。再说利用，在小说里，林静的确有自己的情感经历，改编者利用了这一点，把林静去校园看郑薇和邂逅新爱情变成一个新情节。转化也有好的经验，陈孝正回国，小说里变成郑薇的顶头上司、老张是一个成功的商人、老张对阮莞的暗恋都被彻底改头换面，变成了对电影故事集中讲述、服务于故事主题思想更有冲击力的东西。对于小说改编中潜在真实的处理工序，还可以结合故事的伏笔、转折技巧，把小说中的人物及其环境的描写，变成巧妙的故事结构里的暗道机关。 第三，潜在真实技巧和对白的生动性密切相关。我们不太善于处理电影故事对白。对白首先要短，短句子容易让人印象深刻，也容易给镜头转换提供节点。我们的对白句子通常是过长和没有特点。另外，对白技巧的最高境界是“说聪明话”，“话里有话”。因为人是社会动物，存在不同的社交层面，面具特征明显，所以故事中的对白应该是符合“潜在真实”要求的对白。 第四，潜在真实还是故事的主题策略之一。没有潜在真实描写的故事，我们发现往往不能完成好故事追求主题的任务。有人会问，故事一定要有主题吗,是的，一定要有主题，而且好故事的主题必须可以被凝炼成一句话被清晰提炼出来。人类数万年对故事的喜爱，正是因为故事是有意义的娱乐产品，是生活经验和生活智慧的结晶。如果故事不能帮助我们发现对自身意义的认识，我们对故事的迷恋终究会逐渐衰竭。而只有当你的故事具备了“潜在真实”特点的时候，主题的提炼才会顺利完成。否则，像《全民目击》，你就是拿来五个子虚乌有的“龙背山的传说”，也抵不上对主人公潜在真实的描写，抵不上一个有说服力的人物动机;像某喜剧作家的一部成功作品之后的一系列“无主题”、“无意义”的喜剧作品，看似千变万化，实则空无一物。 9、 移情点 10、 意义点 11、 类型确认点 12、 情怀表达点 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.