四川省大学英语三级语法讲解2010

四川省大学英语三级语法讲解2010 四川省大学英语三级考试中的语法结构主 要是围绕以下几个方面: 各种时态和语态，非谓语动词，从句(定 语从句最多)，主谓一致，强调句型，倒装， 情态动词的用法(虚拟句居多)，虚拟语气 等。 (1)动词的时态和语态 [例1] We ____ our breakfast when an old man came to the door. A. just have had B. have just had C. just had D. had just had [例2] By the end of this month, we surely _find___ a satisfactory solution to the problem 出规律:常见的三级考试中有关时态部分 的考查重点主要包括:从句的连词，动词的 适当形式，助动词，主从句之间的关系。 [例3] She ____ when the bus came to a sudden stop. A. was almost hurt B. was to hurt herself C. was hurt herself D. was hurting herself 出题规律:语态部分的考查重点主要包括:被动语态的助动词，个别句型中的主动形式示被动。 英语中有些结构形式上是主动的，而表达的意义却是被动的。 A(某些不及物动词的被动意义 英语中一般只有及物动词才用于被动语态，不及物动词不用于这种结构。但有些时候，某些不及物动词，其主动形式含有被动的意义。 When did the accident occur, 事故是什么时候发生的, Does life exist on the moon 月球上存在着生命吗, B(一些表示“开始”、“结束”意思的动词 Class begins at eight. 八点钟开始上课。 The meeting ended up with warm applause. 会议在热烈的掌声中结束了。 C(一些表示“运转”意义的动词 The machine runs well. 机器运转良好。 His voice records well. 他的音录下来很 好。 D(当read, write等动词与表示行为方式的状语连用时 动词read, write, wash, wear, cook, sell, keep, feel等常和表示行为方式的状语连用，表示被动意义。这些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。当主语是人时，是及物动词;当主语是物时，是不及物动词，即用主动形式表示被动意义。 The play reads more easily than acts. 这剧本易读不易演。 My pen writes smoothly. 我的笔很好写。 The book sells well. 这的销路很好。 E(表示状态特征的连系动词的被动意义 有些表示状态特征的连系动词，如look, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear, turn out 等主动形式表示被动意义。 The flowers smell sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。 Good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。 Your sentence doesn't sound right. 你这话听起来不大对头。 What he said proved to be correct. 他的 话证明是正确的。 F(一些动词的进行时态可以表示一个被 动的动作 The meat is cooking. 肉正在烧。 The book is printing. 这本书正在印刷之 中。 G(有些作表语的不定式，在结构上是主 动的，但在意义上却是被动的 She is to blame. 她应该受到责备。 The house is to let. 此房出租。 (2)非谓语动词 [例5] I would appreciate ____ it a secret. A. you to keep B. your keeping C. that you keep D. that you will keep 英语中，有些动词必须以动名词作宾语。 常见的如:appreciate, permit, escape, mind, consider, admit, avoid, deny, enjoy, finish, imagine, resist, risk, suggest等等。 [例6] __D__ with the size of whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. A. When compared B. Compare C. While comparing D. Comparing [例7] The manager promised to keep me ___D_ of how our business was going on. A. to be informed B. on informing C. informed D. informing [例8] He rushed into the room, his face D___ with sweat. A. was covered B. covered C. to be covered D. covering (3) 情态动词 [例9] I told her to get here but perhaps I _B___her a map. A. ought to give B.should have given B. had to give D.must have given Liu Xiang was awarded a gold medal in the world chamionship. He B____ a lot of hard training. A. should have experienced B. must have experienced C. should have experience D. must experience You __A__ yesterday if you were really serious about the job. A. ought to come B. ought to be coming C. ought to have come D. ought have come (4)从句 [例10] All__D___is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life. A. what is needed B. for our needs C. the thing needed D. that is needed 当先行词是不定代词时，引导词只能用that, 不能用which.不定代词有all, everything, something, nothing,anything等 [例11] The goals _B____ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him. A. after which B. for which C. with which D. at which [例12] _C____ is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer. A. That B. Which C. As D. It As, which引导非限制性定语从句，as既可 放于句首，又可放于句中，which只能放在 句中。 三大非谓语动词:1。动词不定式 2(动词V-ing 3. 动词V-ed [例13] In some countries, _____is called “equality” does not really mean equal rights for all people. A. which B. what D. that D. one [例14] Evidence _D____ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old came up. A. what B. which C. whose D. that [例15] I am in a very difficult position _B___ I have been offered three jobs and they all sound pretty good. A. In what B. in which C. in that D. in how [例16] A beam of light will not bend round the corner unless _D___ to do so with the help of a reflecting device. A. to be made B. being made C. made D. be made 在时间，条件，让步状语从句中，当主句的 主语和从句的主语相同时，从句的主语和谓 语be动词可以一并省掉。如: when/while,until,if/unless,once,although/though等。 [例17] He resigned as president of the company rather than _A___. A. waited for others to force him into doing so B. to be forced to do so C. to wait for others to force him to do so D. to stay until others demand his resignation The residents _C___ had been damaged by the fire were given help by the Red Cross. A. all of their homes B. all their homes C. whose all homes D. all of whose homes Twenty years ago in our country, 90% of the population lived in the countyrside, __B__now more than 20% of the population settle in the cities. A. when B. while C. until D. on The young actress, _B___ plays he had ever liked most, turned out to be a drug-user. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose The teacher has had some problems deciding __C__. A. when to the students they shall return the final papers B. when are they going to return to the students the final papers C. when they should return the final papers to the students D. the time when the final papers they should return for the students (5) 虚拟语气 虚拟语气是大学英语三级必考重点。虚 拟语气的特点是规律性很强。 1) If… a.对现在的虚拟 If+did/were…, … would do b.对过去的虚拟 If+had done…, … would have done Had…done…, … would have done (had, were, should) c.对将来的虚拟 If+should do/were to do…, would do Should…do…/Were…to do…, … would do 2) suggest, advice, demand, insist, order, propose, require, recommend,…等词后，从 句用should+v原形，should可以省略。 3)现在虚拟as if/wish that+did/were 过去虚拟as if/wish that+had done 将来虚拟as if/wish that+ would do 4)would rather do, would rather…did… 5) It’s adj…(should) do 6)It’s (high, about) time…did… 7) 其它句型 …otherwise…would do …lest…(should) do in case that …for fear that…would do 1. If only I _B___ about his coming, I would have met him at the station. A. would know B. had known C. have known D. knew 2.Last week he promised _A___ today, but he hasn’t arrived yet. A. that he would have come B. what would he have come C. which he would come D. that he would come 3.It’s vital that enough money B____ collected to get the project started. A. is B. be C. must be D. can be 4. It is necessary that this car _B___ every week. A. clean B. to be cleaned C. be cleaned D. cleaned 5. No sooner __D__ home than he was asked to start on another journey. A. Jack arrived B. Jack had arrived C. would Jack arrive D. had Jack arrived no sooner… than; hardly when; scarcely when. 6. If the whole operation _B___ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. A. was not planned B. had not been planned C. were not planned D. has not been planned (6) 一致性 一致关系必须遵循的三个原则:语法 一致，意义一致和毗邻一致。 当主语后面跟有由as well as 词组连接 的短语时，其后的动词形式取决于主语的形 式。此类词组还有:in addition to, with, along with, together with, except, including, accompanied by, rather than, more than, no less than, but等。 当主语由more than one修饰时，谓语 用单数形式。还有，由and连接的两个单数 名词作主语时， 前面若有each, every, many a, no等词修饰时，谓语要用单数形式。 当主语由not…but连接起来时，谓语 与邻近它的主语一致。此类词还有:or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but (also), nor, but等。 1 Dr. Smith, together with his wife and two sons, _A___ to arrive on the evening flight. A. is B. are going C. are D. will be 2 The whole class _B___ waiting for the good news. A. are B. is C. was D. has been 3. The tree looked as if it _B___ for a long time. A. hasn’t watered B. didn’t watered C. hadn’t been watered D. wasn’t watered 4. __B__, the people in the flooded areas could not have rebuilt their homes. A. If the Party didn’t offer B. Had the Party not offered its timely help C. Should the Party offered its timely help D. Should the Party offered its timely help Had not the Party offered its timely help, the people in the flooded areas could not have rebuilt their homes. 5. A____ to speak when the audience interrupted him. A. Hardly had he begun B. No sooner had he begun C. Not until he begun D. Scarcely did he begin 6. The professor recommended that he _C___ to Northwest China to gather some first-hand information. A. went B. go C. would go D. should be gone 7. Eight times eight _C___ sixty-four. A. made B. make C. makes D. has made 9. The owner and editor of the newspaper __C__ the conference. A. are attending B. were to attend C. is to attend D. are to attend 10. It’s a suggestion that they B____ its army from the battlefield immediately after both sides ceased firing. A. having retreated B. should retreat C. retreated D. have retreated 11. The woman, along with her husband, __C__ trees in a desert area of Xinjing, China, experiencing the bitterness and sweetness of their cause. A. planting B. have planted C. plants D. are planting I_D__ with all the windows closed, but now I’d like some fresh air. A. am used to sleep B. am used to sleeping C. used to sleeping D. used to sleep Not a single word __A__ all morning. A. did he say B. he said C. said he D. does he say He doesn’t say a single word. Mother told the child _C___ too late. A. not get up B. do not get up C. not to get up D. not getting up (7)强调句型 其结构为It is/was+被强调的部分 +that(who)+其它成分。 [例19] __B__ the 1500’s ____ the first European explored the coast of California. A. It was not until/than B. It was not until/when C. It is until/that D. It was not until/that (8) 倒装 倒装分部分倒装和全部倒装两种。 含有否定意义的词位于句首时，该句子 用部分倒装。如: nor, neither, never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, no sooner, scarcely, in no case, under no circumstances等。 [例20] She never laughed, _B___ lost her temper. A. or she ever did B. nor did she ever C. or did she ever D. nor she ever did [例21] Only when I visited him _A___ how ill he was. A. did I realize B. I realized C. do I realize D. I realize “Only+( 副词/介词短语/从句)状语” 位于句首时，句子须部分倒装。 [例22] __C_ that I could hardly read it. A. So badly the letter he wrote B. So badly he wrote the letter C. So badly did she write the letter D. So badly wrote he the letter 在so/such…that 句型中，为加强语 气，将“so+adj/adv”或“such+n”置于句首 时，句子需部分倒装。 [例23] _C___ for your help, we’d never have been able to get over difficulties. A. Had it B. If it were not C. Had it not been D. If we hadn’t been 如果条件句是否定的，倒装时否定词 not不能前移，只能放在主语之后。 [例24] Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the United States __A__ Henry Ford. A. than did B. than was C. as did D. as was 在比较状语从句中，主语为名词而非人 称代词时，常需用部分倒装。 1. Only recently _D___ to deal with the environmental problems. A. something has done B. has something done C. has something been done D. something has been done 2. __C___ the 1500’s ____ the first Europeans explored the coast of California. A. It was not until…then B. It is until…that C. It is not until…when D. It was not until…that 3. Only in this way _B___ progress in your English. A. you make B. can you make C. you be able to make D. will you able to make 4. It was because the applicant was too self-confident ____ he failed in the interview. A. that B. therefore C. so D. benefited 5. It is because we are inexperienced ____ we do not know how to deal with the situation. A. therefore B. that C. so that D. so