钻井英语听力及口语教材7.2

钻井英语听力及口语7.2 钻井听力及口语教材 Lesson 1 Offshore Drilling Lesson 2 Tour Change Lesson 3 Story of Blow-out Lesson 4 Dummy Trip Lesson 5 No Entry Except to Authorised Personnel Lesson 6 No-smoking on Site Lesson 7 Difference among Water, Gas and Oil Lesson 8 How Natural Gas Comes From Crude Oil? Lesson 9 The Content of Natural Gas in Reservoir Lesson 10 Changing Bit Lesson 11 On Bottoms Up Lesson 12 On Fishing Job Lesson 13 BOP Equipment Lesson 14 Where to Drill a Well Lesson 15 Drilling Cuttings Lesson 16 Drilling Fluid Lesson 17 Drilling Equipment Lesson 18 Drilling String Lesson 19 Drilling Crew Lesson 20 Fire-fighting Equipment Lesson 21 Applying a Job 1 Lesson 22 Money and Dull Routine Work Lesson 23 At Exhibition Lesson 24 Talking about Drilling Lesson 25 Working on Drillfloor Lesson 26 Drilling Equipments and Rig up Lesson 27 Making Up and Laying Down the Drill Stems Lesson 28 Engines and Power Lesson 29 Cementing Job Lesson 30 Mud Pump and Circulation Lesson 31 Tools 2 Lesson 1 Offshore Drilling GIRL: Good afternoon. (Petroleum Information Service). KEITH: Good afternoon. My name‘s Keith Washington. I‘m— GIRL: Would you mind spelling that, please? KEITH: Certainly. (Spells) W-a-s-h-i-n-g-t-o-n. GIRL: Can I help you, Mr. Washington? KEITH: Thank you, yes. I‘m calling from the BBC. We‘re preparing a broadcast on offshore drilling— GIRL: —Offshore drilling? I‘ll put you through to Mr. Williams. I‘m sure he‘ll be able to help you. KEITH: Thank you. GIRL: One moment, please. WILLIAMS: Williams here. GIRL: I have a call for you, Mr. Williams, from a Mr. Keith Washington, from the BBC. He‘d like some information about offshore drilling. WILLIAMS: Thank you. Put Mr. Washington through, please. GIRL: You‘re through to Mr. Williams now. Go ahead, please. KEITH: Mr. Williams? WILLIAMS: Hello, Mr. Washington. Can I help you? I understand you‘re preparing something on offshore drilling. KEITH: We are yes. In fact we‘re almost ready. I‘d just like to make sure that our information is correct. WILLIAMS: What would you like to know? KEITH: First of all, Mr. Williams, um, about conductor pipes and riser pipes with offshore rigs. WILLIAMS: Yes? KEITH: Would we be right in saying that a conductor pipe 3 connects a borehole to a fixed rig, and that a riser pipe connects a borehole to a floating rig? WILLIAMS: That‘s right, Mr. Washington. Conductor pipes to fixed rigs, and riser pipes to floating rigs. KEITH: And would we be right in saying that the wellhead and BOP stack are connected to the top of the conductor pipe? That they‘re above the water, and just below the platform? WILLIAMS: That‘s the idea, Mr. Washington. KEITH: But when a hole is drilled from a floating platform, the wellhead and BOP stack are down on the sea bed. Is that it? WILLIAMS: Correct, Mr. Washington. KEITH: And so basically, then, the only difference between drilling a hole onshore and drilling a hole offshore is, um, the method of connecting the well to the rig. WILLIAMS: Basically, yes. The difference is in the way that the well and the rig are connected. KEITH: Thank you very much, Mr. Williams, you‘ve been a great help. WILLIAMS: My pleasure, Mr. Washington. Please call anytime. KEITH: Thank you. Good afternoon, Mr. Williams. WILLIAMS: Good afternoon. New Words 1. petroleum [,,,,，,,,,,,] n. 石油 2. offshore [,,,,,:] adj. 离岸的，海面上的 3. put through v. 接通 4 4. first of all adv. 首先 5. conductor pipe n. 导管 6. riser pipe n. 隔水管 7. onshore adv. 向着海岸，在陆上 8. platform [,,,,,f,:,] n. 平台 5 Lesson 2 Tour Change VOICE:Tour change. Tour change. ALEC: Tour change. Thank God for that. JIM: Yeah, I‘m tired. Really tired. ALEC: Me too. JIM: Come on, Alec. Let‘s get something to eat. ALEC: Aye, good idea, Jim. I could eat a horse. JIM: Right. And then a nice hot shower, and bed, and sleep. ALEC: Great. Eat, wash, and sweet dreams. (They leave the derrick) JIM: That chicken was great. ALEC: And I thought I was hungry. You are two chickens. JIM: Shut up, Alec. I want to get some sleep. ALEC: Do you think that this tour will kick off? JIM: No way. They‘re not even ready to wireline yet. ALEC: So it will be kick-off on our tour, then. JIM: Yeah. Now let me get some sleep. ALEC: Sweet dreams, Jim. JIM: Shut up, Alec. New Words 1. tour [,,,] n. 班 2. shower [,,,,,] n. 淋浴 3. derrick [,,,，,,] n. 井架 4. shut up v. 关闭，闭嘴 5. kick off v. 造斜 6 Lesson 3 Story of Blow-out PARSONS: This is Anthony Parsons, ladies and gentlemen, reporting to you from Louisiana where the great gas gusher of 1977 blew out two months ago. Everything‘s under control now, but perhaps you can hear the work on the well that‘s going on behind me. Now, with me today, I‘m very pleased to have Mr. David Slothrop of the Canpan Oil Company. How do you do, Mr. Slothrop. SLOTHROP: How do you do. PARSONS: Tell us in your own words, Mr. Slothrop, just what happened here on the night two months ago, and what‘s been happening since then. SLOTHROP: Well, on that night back in August, we drilled into a zone of very great pressure at 21,345 feet. The gas and steam blew the BOP stack off, and the well blew out of control. PARSONS: What did you do then? SLOTHROP: For six weeks we had a crew of blowout experts here, trying to cap the well. PARSONS: And how did they make out? SLOTHROP: They didn‘t succeed in capping it. The gas jet was just too strong. They managed to divert the gas to that open pit over there, and, um, they set it ablaze. PARSONS: What was the reason for setting it ablaze? SLOTHROP: To prevent an explosion, until we could divert the gas into a pipeline. If that gas had exploded, a lot of people might have been killed. That‘s one reason why blowouts are so dangerous. 7 PARSONS: And what happened after that? What happened then? SLOTHROP: We managed to get the gas into a pipeline, but it was flowing at 140 million cubic feet a day. Then we had to control the rate of flow. PARSONS: Why didn‘t your company just shut it off? SLOTHROP: Because of the pressure. If we had tried to shut the gas off, it would have blown the control equipment out of the hole. PARSONS: So what did you do? SLOTHROP: We killed the well with drilling fluid. And when the flow of gas had been stopped, we were able to fix the proper control equipment to the wellhead. PARSONS: And what have you been doing since you brought the well under control? SLOTHROP: We‘ve been getting ready to go on stream. PARSONS: And when do you think that will be? SLOTHROP: Around four months from now, may be. PARSONS: And how much gas will the well produce when it goes on stream? SLOTHROP: Oh, about 20 million cubic feet a day. New Words 1. blow out [,,,, ,,,] v. 喷出，涌出 2. gusher [,,,,,] n. 井喷 3. BOP stack n. 防喷器组 4. succeed [,,,,,,:,] v. 成功 8 5. divert [,,,,,,:,] v. 转移 6. ablaze [,,,,,,,] adv. adj. 着火的，激动的 7. explosion [,,,,,,,,,,,] n. 爆炸 8. cubic [,,,,:,,,] adj. 立方的 9. well head [,,,,,,] n. 井口 9 Lesson 4 Dummy Trip BARRY: Okay, Bob. I think we can start now. BOB: Everything set, Barry? BARRY: We‘re ready to go. We‘re at logging depth, and Peter here says the mud‘s in shape. PETER: Yup. The mud‘s in real good shape. BOB: Great. But what about those tight spots we saw on the last trip? BARRY: Um, make a dummy trip through them, Bob. PETER: I think that would be a good idea. And when you get back to bottom, Bob. I‘d like to see you circulate a couple of hours to clean the hole. BARRY: All right then, Bob? Dummy trip, and circulate a couple of hours. Then pull out. BOB: Okay, Barry. Tell the logging crew we‘ll be ready about three o‘clock. BARRY: Three o‘clock. Right. I‘ll let them know. PETER: See you when the hole‘s clean, Bob. BOB: See you later, Peter. New Words 1. dummy trip [,,,,, ,，,,] n. 短起下 2. logging [,,,,,,] n. 测井 3. in shape adv. 处于良好状态 4. spot [,,,,] n. 点，地点 10 5. pull out v. 起钻 Lesson 5 No Entry Except to Authorised Personnel VOICE: Hey, Gibson. GIBSON: What‘s up? VOICE: Safety Officer wants to see you. GIBSON: Where? VOICE: Over by the LPG compression unit. GIBSON: Okay, I‘m going. (He goes over to the LPG unit) GIBSON: Mr. Keller. KELLER: I‘ll be brief, Gibson. Can you read that sign? GIBSON: Yes. KELLER: Then read it for me, please. GIBSON: ?No entry except to authorized personnel‘. KELLER: Do you understand what it means? GIBSON: I can read English, Mr. Keller. KELLER: Then what were you doing in there on the back shift yesterday? There‘s a report here in the log about it. GIBSON: Oh, that. Well, we were going to vent gas, you see– KELLER: –and? GIBSON: There was some welding going on over by the new crude tanks. I think they were setting up some grounding equipment. KELLER: So? GIBSON: The superintendent told me to get over there fast and stop the welding. KELLER: And you took a shortcut through this restricted area. 11 GIBSON: Well, you know, I was told to be quick about it. KELLER: The super would have waited until you reported back, wouldn‘t he? GIBSON: He would have, yes. KELLER: Then you should have gone around this area instead of through it, shouldn‘t you? GIBSON: I suppose I should have, Mr. Keller. KELLER: You should have but you didn‘t. In future, Gibson, do so, will you? There are no shortcuts where safety is concerned. Understood? GIBSON: Understood. KELLER: Right, then. Back to your job, Gibson. New Words 1. safety [,,,,,,,] n. 安全 2. read [，,:,] v. 认出 3. entry [,,,,，,] n. 进入 4. authorized [,,:,,，,,,,] adj. 审定的，经授权的 5. log [,,,] n. 记录 6. weld [,,,,] vt. n. 焊接 7. crude [,，,:,] n. 原油 8. superintendent [,,,:,,，,,,,,,,,,,] n. 主管，负责 人 9. shortcut [,,,:,,,,] n. 捷径 10. restricted [，,,,,，,,,,,] adj. 受限制的 12 Lesson 6 No-smoking on Site SHARP: Jackson. JACKSON: Yeah, Mr. Sharp? SHARP: ?Yeah‘? What do you mean, ?yeah‘? Get rid of that cigarette. Now. JACKSON: Anything you say, Mr. Sharp. SHARP: Let‘s have you in the dog house. Come on. VOICE 1: He‘s for it now. VOICE 2: Well, he should have known better, shouldn‘t he? (Sharp and Jackson leave the rig floor) SHARP: Jackson, This is the second time I‘ve caught you smoking. I warned you last time– JACKSON: –aw, we‘re only W.O.C., Mr. Sharp. SHARP: Forget it. Last time I said there wouldn‘t be a second warning, didn‘t I? JACKSON: But there are gas sniffers all over the place. SHARP: So what? You‘re no boll weevil, Jackson. JACKSON: I‘m not all that green, no. SHARP: Then you should know better, shouldn‘t you? W.O.C.? Gas sniffers? What kind of crazy excuses are those? No smoking, Jackson, means no smoking. Full stop. JACKSON: Look, I‘m sorry, Mr. Sharp. It won‘t happen again. SHARP: I know it won‘t. You‘re fired. JACKSON: What? SHARP: You heard me. You‘re fired. I‘m not risking the lives of 13 my whole crew just because you can‘t obey the no-smoking rule. New Words 1. cigarette [,,,,,，,,] n. 香烟 2. dog house n. 井场值班房 3. rig floor n. 钻台 4. sniffer [,,,,,] n. 嗅，探器 5. fire [,,,,] v. 解雇 14 Lesson 7 Difference among Water, Gas and Oil SMITH: Good morning. My name‘s_ JONES: --Mr. Mason, of course, How do you do. My name‘s Jones. Please sit down. SMITH: Excuse me, Mr. Jones, but I— JONES: Take a chair, Mr. Mason. That‘s better. Now— SMITH: --um, I beg you pardon, Mr. Jones, I— JONES: just a few simple questions, Mr. Mason. I‘m sure you won‘t have any difficulty. Tell me, Mr. Mason, which is heavier: oil or gas? SMITH: Uh, water is heavier than oil. I think. JONES: Quite right, Mr. Mason. So, which is lighter: water or oil? SMITH: Oil is, um, lighter than water. Isn‘t? JONES: It is indeed. Very good. Now which is the heaviest: oil, water or gas? SMITH: Water is the heaviest. JONES: Excellent. And which is the lightest: water, gas, or oil? SMITH: Gas is the lightest. JONES: Right again, Mr. Mason— SMITH: -- look, Mr. Jones, I really must— JONES: --now, now, Mr. Mason, we‘ve almost finished. Where was I? Oh yes. Is it correct to say that oil is light? I mean, it isn‘t usually heavier than water, is it? SMITH: Well, I suppose it isn‘t. It‘s usually lighter than water. 15 JONES: But gas is lighter than oil and it‘s also lighter than water, correct? SMITH: Correct. JONES: But oil is still lighter than water, do you agree? SMITH: Yes, I agree. JONES: So, if we put some water, gas and oil together, which would be on the bottom, which would be in the middle, and which would be on the top? SMITH: The water would be on the bottom, the oil would be in the middle, and the gas would be on the top. JONES: That‘s fine, Mr. Mason. Now, can you tell me the difference between porosity and permeability? SMITH: Porosity and permeability? Sorry. JONES: Sorry? Do you mean that you are not able to explain the difference between porosity and permeability? SMITH: I‘m afraid I‘m not, Mr. Jones. JONES: Then I‘m afraid that I must tell you, Mr. Mason, that I am not able to give you the job. SMITH: Job? What job? JONES: What job? Why, working with Liz, Michael and Keith on the Petroleum Program, of course. SMITH: Mr. Jones, I really must tell you, my name is Smith, not Mason. JONES: You‘re not Mr. Mason? SMITH: No, I‘m not. And I, um, haven‘t come about a job on the Petroleum Programme, either. JONES: Then what have you come about? SMITH: Actually, I‘ve come about your daughter. JONES: My daughter? 16 SMITH: Yes. You see, we‘re thinking of getting married. JONES: What? Married? But I don‘t even know you. I‘ve never seen you before in my life. SMITH: That‘s um, what I‘ve come to see you about. My name is George Smith, and I_ New Words 1. I beg your pardon. 请再讲一遍 2. bottom [,,,,,,] n. 底，底部 3. middle [,,,,,] n. 中，中间 4. top [,,,] n. 上部 5. porosity [,,:,，,,,,,] n. 孔隙度 6. permeability [,,,:,,,,,,,,,,] n. 渗透性 7. marry [,,,，,] vt. 娶，嫁 17 Lesson 8 How Natural Gas Comes from Crude Oil? LEILA: Coffee, Ahmed? AHMED: Ah, yes, thank you, Leila. LEILA: What are you listening to? AHMED: The BBC. LEILA: News? AHMED: No. English by radio. LEILA: Is it the Petroleum Programme? I think you said it was quite interesting. AHMED: I did. And yes, it is interesting. Now, may I? LEILA: Sorry. (Ahmed listens for a moment more) VOICE 1: But here‘s a problem. VOICE 2: If a trap contained only crude oil and water- VOICE 1: -only an oil zone and a water zone- VOICE 2: -where would the gas come from? VOICE 1: Or- VOICE 2: -to put the problem another way- VOICE 1: -how can an oil well also produce a lot of gas? AHMED: Because the crude contains gas in solution. That‘s how. LEILA: What were you saying? AHMED: They‘re asking how crude oil can produce natural gas. LEILA: And? What‘s the answer then? AHMED: See this coffee? LEILA: I see it, Ahmed. AHMED: It contains sugar in solution. The sugar is dissolved in the coffee. 18 LEILA: Thank you. But how can natural gas come from crude oil? AHMED: Because gas can be dissolved in crude oil under pressure. Dissolved, something like sugar dissolves in coffee. Deep in the reservoir, pressure and temperature keep the gas in solution with the oil. LEILA: I see. Go on. AHMED: It‘s quite simple. When the crude rises to the surface, the pressure drops- LEILA: -and when the pressure has dropped enough, the gas comes out of solution. AHMED: Yes. That is, um, about the way it happens. LEILA: Ah…more coffee? AHMED: Just half a cup, thank you. LEILA: With or without a little sugar in solution? AHMED: Leila, Leila… New Words 1. coffee [,,,,,] n. 咖啡 2. trap [,，,,] n. 圈闭 3. solution [,,,,,:,,,] n. 溶解，溶液 4. natural gas [,,,,, ,,,] n. 天然气 5. dissolve [,,,,,,,] v. 溶解 6. reservoir [,，,,,,,,:] n. 水库，储集层 7. pressure [,，,,,] n. 压力 8. temperature [,,,,,，,,,,] n. 温度 19 Lesson 9 The Content of Natural Gas in Reservoir MICHAEL: When you heard Ahmed‘s explanation did you guess that he‘s an oilman? Well he is, and he‘s here with me now. You‘re from Kuwait, Ahmed, aren‘t you? AHMED: I am, yes. I work as a petroleum engineer there. MICHAEL: Is this your first trip abroad? AHMED: Not at all. I‘ve come to England many times. And I‘ve traveled to the States, as well. In fact I worked there, in Texas, for two years. MICHAEL: And may I ask the purpose of your visit here to Britain this time? AHMED: I‘m very interested in North Sea gas. MICHAEL: You haven‘t come here to buy, have you, Ahmed? AHMED: No, not to buy. To learn a little, perhaps, but not to buy. In Kuwait we have been more concerned with oil than with gas. MICHAEL: I see. But, seriously, Ahmed, could you tell us a little more about the production of natural gas from crude oil? AHMED: What would you like to know? MICHAEL: Well, we‘ve already heard that an oil well can produce millions of cubic feet of gas. I was wondering if you could give us some idea of how much gas a certain volume of crude can contain. AHMED: Yes. But first of all, I must say that it‘s difficult to give a simple answer. You will understand, of course, that crude oils differ from well to well and from reservoir to reservoir. Permeabilities differ, pressures differ, and so on. 20 MICHAEL: Certainly. AHMED: But perhaps I can give you a particular example. MICHAEL: Fine, Ahmed. AHMED: In my country, at a place called Burgan, we have a very large reservoir with a great many oil wells. The pressure of the crude when it reaches the surface is about 500 to 600 p.s.i. MICHAEL: P.s.i.? AHMED: Oh, yes, p.s.i. That means` pounds per square inch, Michael. It‘s a pressure measurement. MICHAEL: Then it‘s a number of pounds of force over a number of square inches of area. A force in pounds, over an area in square inches. AHMED: That‘s it. So, just to give you this example from Burgan, the crude reaches the surface at five to six hundred p.s.i. In the reservoir, Burgan crude contains about eighty times its own volume of dissolved gas. MICHAEL: Eighty times its own volume. Well, that means that one cubic foot of Burgan crude can produce about 80 cubic feet of gas at the surface. AHMED: True. About 80 cubic feet of dissolved gas in every cubic foot of crude in the reservoir. MICHAEL: And when you lower the pressure on the crude, the gas comes out of solution. AHMED: There are other ways, but that‘s one way of separating the gas from the crude, yes. 21 New Words 1. explanation [,,,,,,,,,,,,,] n. 解释，说明 2. abroad [,,,，,:,] adv. 往国外 3. the States n. 美国 4. Kuwait [,,,,,,,,] n. 科威特 5. perticular [,,,,,,,,,,] adj. 特殊的，特别的，详细的， 精确的 6. pounds per square inch n. 磅/平方英寸 22 Lesson 10 Changing Bit BOB: Hey, George! Over here! GEORGE: Yeah? BOB: We‘ll have to trip the pipe. GEORGE: What? BOB: I said we‘ll have to trip the pipe. GEORGE: What‘s wrong, Bob? BOB: I‘m not sure. We‘ll have to bring it up and find out. GEORGE: Any ideas? BOB: I think the bit‘s gone. GEORGE: The bit? BOB: Aye, the bit. GEORGE: It was changed last shift, Bob. BOB: I know, but I think it‘s gone. Let‘s bring up the string and find out. (the crew trip the pipe out of the hole) BOB: Well, look at that. GEORGE: You were right. It is worn out. We‘ll have to change it. BOB: Thanks for telling me. New Words 1. trip the pipe 起钻 2. wrong [，,,] a. 错误的，失常的 3. wear out v. 用坏 4. last [,,:,,] adv. 上一个 23 Lesson 11 On Bottoms Up BOB: Hey, George. Over here. GEORGE: What‘s up, Bob? BOB: Get me the mud man. GEORGE: Who? BOB: The mud man, George. The mud man. GEORGE: Anything wrong? BOB: Later. Now go and get Peter. Get a move on. GEORGE: Right, I‘m going. (Peter comes to talk to Bob ) BOB: Oh good, there you are, Peter. PETER: What can I do for you, Bob? BOB: The hole‘s getting tight. PETER: Tight? BOB: Yup. How‘s the mud? PETER: The mud‘s OK. BOB: What‘s bottoms up? PETER: About an hour. BOB: All right then. We‘ll give it an hour and see. PETER: Right (An hour passes) PETER: How‘s the hole now, Bob? BOB: Better. I don‘t think we have to worry. PETER: Good. BOB: How‘s the mud? PETER: No problems. BOB: Then let‘s make hole. 24 New Words 1. What‘s up 什么事 2. bottoms up n. 泥浆上返时间 3. worry [,,,，,] v. 烦恼，担心 4. tight [,,,,] adj. 紧的 5. borehole [,,,:,,,,] n. 井眼 6. annulus [,,,,,,,,] n. 环, 7. surface [,,,:,,,] n. 地面 25 Lesson 12 On Fishing Job KEITH: How do you do. Barry. My name‘s Keith. I‘m from the Petroleum Programme. BARRY: How do you do. Can I help you? KEITH: Would you mind explaining what the driller and the floormen are doing? I notice they‘re not drilling today. The rotary table isn‘t turning. And where has the kelly gone? BARRY: Well, first of all, the kelly‘s over there. In that hole over there, in the corner of the derrick floor.See? KEITH: Oh yes, I see it. And is that the rathole it‘s standing in? PETER: That‘s what we call it. How did you know that? BARRY: Yes, you‘re certainly right. When we‘re not using the kelly, we set it in the rathole, in the derrick floor. KEITH: Why is the kelly in the rathole now? BARRY: Because we‘ve pulled out. We‘ve hoisted the pipe out of the hole. We‘ve stacked the pipe and we can‘t do any drilling because there‘s fish in the hole. PETER: We‘re going to fish for it now. We‘re getting the fishing tools ready. KEITH: but what is a ―fish‖? What does that word mean? Would you mind explaining it, please? PETER: Barry? BARRY: Sure. A fish is something we‘ve lost in the hole. Sometimes it‘s a tool or another piece of equipment. Sometimes it‘s a part of the drilling string. PETER: Today it‘s one of the cutters. We‘ve lost one of the cutters from the bit. It‘s in the hole. 26 BARRY: So, we‘re going to fish for it. KEITH: When do you think you‘ll catch it? PETER: When do you think you‘ll catch it? PETER: Oilmen don‘t say ?catch‘ a fish, Keith. BARRY: We say ?latch on to‘ a fish. We‘re going to try latch on to the cutter now. We‘re going to use special fishing tools. PETER: So do I. Then we can run the drilling string in again--- PETER: ---and hoist the kelly out of the rathole--- BARRY: ---and start making hole again. KEITH: Good luck, then. I hope you latch on to that fish soon. PETER: Thanks a lot, Keith. NEW WORDS 1. fishing [,,,,,,] n. 捕鱼， 打捞 2. petroleum [,,,,，,,,,,,] n. 石油 3. driller [,,，,,,] n. 司钻 4. floorman [,,,,,,,] n. 钻台工，钻工 5. rotary table n. 转盘 6. kelly [,,,,,] n. 方钻杆 7. rathole [，,,,,,,]n. 鼠洞 8( latch [,,,,] v. 闭锁 Lesson 13 BOP Equipment 27 MICHAEL: Hello, Barry. BARRY: Welcome to the rig, Michael. MICHAEL: Well then, Barry, where‘s the BOP stack? BARRY: Not here on the rig floor. It‘s underneath us. Follow me and I‘ll show you. (They climb down some steel steps) BARRY: Here it is, right in the middle, under the rig floor. The rotary table is just above it---and us. MICHAEL: So this is the BOP stack. It‘s quite a big piece of machinery. BARRY: It has to be big, and strong. If there‘s a kick or a blowout, the BOP stack will shut in the well and control it. MICHAEL: And what‘s this? What‘s this that the stack is standing on? BARRY: That‘s the well-head, Michael. That‘s where the casings are connected here at the top of the hole. MICHAEL: I see. And what‘s the working pressure of the stack? BARRY: That depends, of cause, on the depth of the well and the pressure that we expect. The working pressure of this BOP system is ten thousand pounds per square inch. MICHAEL: Ten thousand p.s.i. You must be planning to drill down a very long way. BARRY: We are. Or at least, that‘s our program. MICHAEL: Do you mean that you may be lucky, and hit an oil zone soon? BARRY: In this business, Michael, you never know. It‘s full of surprises. 28 NEW WORDS 1. BOP blowout preventor n. 防喷器 2. stack [,,,,] n. 堆，堆栈 3. underneath [,,,,,,,,,] adv. 在下面 4.kick [,,,] n. 井涌 5. blowout [,,,,,,,,] n. 井喷 6. blind rams n. 全封闭防喷器闸板 7. pipe rams n. (防喷器)闸板 Lesson 14 Where to Drill a Well TOM: Here we are, Michael. Up here. May I help you ? MICHAEL: No, no. Thank you, Tom, I‘m quite all right. 29 TOM: Good. MICHAEL: Well, is this the outcrop you were telling me about? TOM: This is it. I‘ll chip a piece off for you. (Tom chips off a piece of rock) There you are. MICHAEL: So this is sedimentary rock. TOM: That‘s right. We‘re standing on a sandstone outcrop. It‘s just the sort of sedimentary rock we‘re looking for. MICHAEL: Most sandstones are porous, aren‘t they? TOM: Yes, they are, but they don‘t all contain oil. This outcrop, for instance, doesn‘t. Still there may be oil in it at depth. Not here, but some miles away, where this rock goes underground. MICHAEL: When you find an outcrop like this, do you immediately know where to drill? TOM: Far from it. Michael. We‘ve got to know a great deal more. We need much more information. We can see what the rock is like here, where it has come to the surface. But we‘ve got to get some idea about what it‘s like at depth, where there may be a trap. MICHAEL: How do you do that, Tom? How do you get information about what‘s under the ground? TOM: In a number of ways. By aerial survey, for example, and by seismic survey, too. Then of course there‘s--- MICHAEL: Excuse me, Tom. Aerial survey? Seismic survey? May I ask you to tell me a little about them first? 30 NEW WORDS 1. outcrop [,,,,,，,,] n. 露出地面的岩石，露头 2. sedimentary [,,,,,,,,,,，,] adj. 沉积性的，沉淀性 的 3. sandstone [,,,,,,,,,, ]n. 砂岩 4. porous [,,,,，,,] adj. 多孔的 5. trap [,,，,,]n. 圈闭 6. aerial [,,,，,,,] adj. 航空的 7. seismic [,,,,,,,,] adj. 地震的 Lesson 15 Drilling Cuttings 31 MICHAEL: Thanks, Tom, that‘s much clearer now. I think I‘ve got a good idea about aerial and seismic surveys. Now what are some of the other ways of getting information about rocks that may contain oil? TOM: Well, it‘s very important to check the drill cuttings and cores from other wells in the area. MICHAEL: Drill cuttings, yes. But how does an oil geologist get the cuttings? TOM: One of the floormen brings them. He gets them at the shale shaker. MICHAEL: I see. And what do you do with them? TOM: I wash the cuttings. I dry them, and then I examine them under a microscope. MICHAEL: A microscope? Why do you have to use a microscope? TOM: Because some of the things I‘m looking for are very small. Tiny fossils, for example, and very small pieces of rock from formations at depth. MICHAEL: What kind of information do you get? TOM: I find out what type of rock is in the cutting. If it can be a reservoir rock. I look to see if it's porous. I look for signs of oil. And if there are fossils in the cutting, they help me find out the ages of the rock. MICHAEL: When you said that you had to check the drill cuttings, you also said that you had to check something else, too--- TOM: That‘s right. Cores. I have to check the cores. From a core, a geologist can learn a lot more about the rock. But coring is expensive. It costs a lot of money and it takes a 32 lot of time. Most of a hole is drilled and not cored. A geologist gets his information from the cuttings. MICHAEL: And, as we‘ve already learned, from aerial and seismic surveys. TOM: Right. And from field surveys, too. We can learn a great deal by coming out to places like this. By looking, by examining rocks at outcrop. MICHAEL: And I‘m sure there are many other ways of getting information about rocks at the surface and rocks at depth. TOM: There certainly are, Michael. Lots of other ways. NEW WORDS 1.drilling cuttings n. 岩屑 2. core [,,,] n. 岩心 3. geologist [,,,,,,,,,,,,] n. 地质学者 4. shale shaker [,,, ,,,,]n. 振动筛 5. microscope [,,,,,，,,,,,,] n. 显微镜 6. fossil [,,,,,] n. 化石 Lesson 16 Drilling Fluid 33 PETER: What‘s in the tanks, Bob? It looks like mud. BOB: Yes, Peter. It is called drilling fluid, or drilling mud, because that is what it appears to be. PETER: Do you use it to drill the well? BOB: Right. For the rotary drilling system to function, fluid must be circulated downward through the drill string, around the bit, and upward in the annular space between the drill string and the wall of the hole or the casing. PETER: Is this the so-called mud circulation? BOB: Yes. That‘s right. PETER: Why do you use the drilling fluid, or circulating fluid? I mean, what are the main purposes of the fluid? BOB: Oh, it has several, for instance, cleaning the bottom of the hole, cooling the drill bit, translating the cuttings to the surface, supporting the wall of the well, and preventing entry of formation fluid into the wellbore. PETER: It‘s so useful, Bob, isn‘t it? BOB: Yes, Peter. That‘s why we have a mud engineer on the rig all the time. PETER: Another question. Is the circulating fluid always a liquid? BOB: No. It is usually a liquid, but sometimes air, gas or foam. If the fluid is a liquid, it is made up mostly of water, although occasionally oil is the major component. PETER: What makes the drilling fluid circulate then? BOB: A pump, a mud pump is used. The mud pump forces the drilling fluid through the swivel, into the drill string, and back to the surface again. On the surface, it returns to mud tanks. PETER: Does it flow back to mud tanks directly? BOB: Of course not. To keep it clean, the drilling fluid has to go 34 through several pieces of mud-conditioning equipment before reaching mud tanks. For example, the shale shaker to remove the largest cuttings, the desander and desilter, both for removing smaller solid particles. PETER: I see, but the mud pump is heart of the circulating system. BOB: Yes, Peter. You‘ve got it. New Words 1. rotary drilling n. 旋转钻井 2. so-called adj. 所谓的，号称的 3. component [,,,,,,,,,,,] n. 成分 4. swivel [,,,,,,] n. 水龙头 5. desander [,,,,,,,,] n. 除砂器 6. desilter [,,,,,,,,] n. 除泥器 Lesson 17 Drilling Equipment BOB: Hi, Peter. Have you found anything interesting with the derrick? PETER: The derrick? What is the derrick? 35 BOB: The tower, the fabricated steel tower you were looking at is called the derrick. PETER: Oh, I know. The tall tower is called the derrick. Thank you for telling me Bob. But once I was told that the tower was called the mast. What‘s the difference? BOB: You are confusing with them, young man. Let me tell you. If the tower comes on a tractor-trailer and is jacked up, it is a mast. If the tower is erected on site, it is a derrick. PETER: The derrick must be very strong. BOB: Of course. The derrick is strong enough to support the loads imposed by drilling operations. With few exceptions, derricks are 130 to 145 ft high, and they are capable of supporting loads of up to 500 tons. PETER: Great! Bob, what‘s the big drum with wire lines wound on it on the rig floor? BOB: It‘s the drawworks. PETER: What is the function of the drawworks and how does it work? BOB: The drawworks is driven by chain, or, by electric motors mounted behind it. It is designed to raise or lower the drill string and casing used on a well. Come over here, Peter. You see, the wireline, or the blockline passes through a block and tackle arrangement inside the derrick. The sheaves at the top of the derrick are fixed and are known as the crown block. PETER: The crown block. What are the others called then, Bob? BOB: You mean the sheaves moving up and down inside the derrick above the hole? PETER: Yeah. 36 BOB: The travelling block. They are known as the travelling block. And attached to it is the hook. The bail of the kelly swivel hangs on the hook when drilling, and the elevators hang on it when hoisting or lowering the pipe. PETER: What‘s the cab at the left-hand side of the drawworks? BOB: It‘s the driller‘s console. All the various functions of the drawworks and the ancillary equipment are controlled by the driller at the console via air clutches. PETER: I see. Thanks a lot, Bob. New Words 1. fabricate [,,,,，,,,,,] vt. 制作，构成 2. tractor [,,，,,,,] n. 拖拉机 3. trailer [,,，,,,,] n. 拖车 4. jack up v. 升起来 5. erect [,,，,,,] vt. 竖起来 6. drum [,,，,,] n. 鼓 7. drawworks [,，,,,,,,,] n. 绞车 8. tackle [,,,,,] n. 滑车 9. blockline [,,,,,,,,] n. 大绳 10. bail [,,,,] n. 钩环 11. ancillary [,,,,,,,，,] adj. 补助的，副的 Lesson 18 Drilling String BOB: Hi, Peter. What are you doing here? PETER: Hi,Bob. I‘m looking at the diagram of the rotary rig. BOB: Have you noticed the drilling string on it? PETER: Yeah. What does it consist of, Bob? 37 BOB: Usually, the drilling string consists of the kelly, the drill pipe, the drill collar and the drill bit, however, it is mostly made up of joints or singles. Each joint or single is a hollow section of pipe, 30 ft long. PETER: 30 ft long? BOB: Right, Peter. The string is made up of a great number of these singles, all jointed together. PETER: Where‘s the bit connected, Bob? BOB: It‘s connected to the bottom of the string, or I should say, to the bottom of the drill collar. Peter: How can the bit rotate then? BOB: Oh, let me tell you. At the top of the string there is a special pipe called the ―kelly‖. PETER: The kelly? This word sounds strange to me. Is the kelly round, too? Like the drill pipe? BOB: No, it is not round, but square or hexagonal. It fits into a square or hexagonal hole in the rotary table. The rotary table turns the kelly, the kelly turns the string … PETER: And the string turns the drill bit. BOB: You are right, Peter. Clever. PETER: Is it often necessary to pull the string out of hole? BOB: Oh, yes. There are different reasons for that. Perhaps, for example, the drill bit is dull. If the bit is dull, it must be changed. To do this, the driller and the floormen must trip the pipe. They must pull the string out, change the bit, and then run the string back into the hole. PETER: I see. Thank you, Bob. 38 New Words 1. diagram [,,,,,,，,,] n. 图表 2. joint [,,,,,,] n. 书 3. single [,,,,,,] n. 单根 4. hollow [,,,,,,] adj. 空心的 5. hexagonal [,,,,,,,,,,,] adj. 六角形的 6. dull [,,,] adj. 钝的 Lesson 19 Drilling Crew BOB: Welcome to the rig, young man. JOHN: Thanks. My name‘s John, John Brown. BOB: Glad to know you, John. I‘m Bob. JOHN: Glad to know you too, Bob. What‘s the man passing by just now? 39 BOB: He is the toolpusher? JOHN: The toolpusher? What does a toolpusher do on the rig? BOB: A toolpusher is in charge of all operations on the rig. JOHN: Oh, I see. He is the head of the crew, a very important person on the rig. BOB: Yes, John. You are right. JOHN: Look at the derrick over there, Bob! Can you tell me what the man is doing on the board? BOB: The derrick man you mean? JOHN: Yeah. BOB: He is handling drill pipes on the monkey-board. JOHN: The monkey-board? It sounds very interesting. BOB: Yes, sure. Oilmen call it monkey-board. Roughnecks are pulling the drill string out of the hole and breaking it out in stands. The stands are stood back on the rig floor. JOHN: What does ―stand‖ mean? BOB: A stand is made up of three joints or singles, 90 ft long. JOHN: I see, thanks. By the way, what‘s your job on the rig, Bob? BOB: I‘m a driller. I started working on the rig as a roughneck. Three years later, I became an assistant driller, and till now, I‘ve been a driller for about two years. JOHN: Great! What does a driller do on the rig then? BOB: A driller usually takes charge of operations in his tour, and more important, controls various functions of the drawworks and other equipment at the driller‘s console. JOHN: Ha! You have a good job, Bob. Are there any other types of work? BOB: Of course. For instance, the foreman, the mud man, the motor man, the safety man, the material man and so on. 40 JOHN: You really have qualified people on the rig. BOB: The qualifications and experience of drilling personnel are important factors in ensuring rig performance and safety. We have to improve our quality all the time. JOHN: That‘s a good practice. New Words 1. drilling crew [,，,,,, ,，,:] n. 钻井队 2. toolpusher [,,:,,,,,,] n. 技师 3. monkey-board n. 二层台 4. roughneck [,，,,,,,,] n. 钻工 5. stand [,,,,,] n. 柱 6. foreman [,,,:,,,] n. 领班，工头，工长 7. mud man n. 泥浆工 8. motor man n. 机工 9. softy man n. 安全员 10. material man n. 材料员 Lesson 20 Fire-fighting Equipment DOUG: Look, Tim, let‘s continue this in the dog house. TIM: Good idea, Doug. It‘ll be a little quieter there. (They have the rig floor for the dog house ) DOUG: Well, then. To start with, Tim, I think I ought to say that you run a pretty clean and tidy ship here. TIM: Thanks, Doug. I‘m glad you noticed. DOUG: I‘m a little unhappy, though, about the fire-fighting 41 equipment. TIM: What seems to be wrong? DOUG: The only fire extinguisher I‘ve seen is this one here in the dog house. Where are the others? TIM: I put one behind the door in the storeroom and there‘s one behind the door in the generator shack. DOUG: Don‘t you think they should be placed at outside locations? You get a fire in the shack, and that extinguisher‘s had it. TIM: Yes, I see your point. DOUG: Better have them somewhere handy. TIM: I agree with you, Doug. DOUG: Better have them on the outside of the buildings, right? TIM: Right. They‘ll be moved by the end of the day. DOUG: Right. And how about putting some signs up? TIM: That‘ll be done, too. DOUG: And fire drill? Do all the hands know the drill? TIM: Backwards and forwards, Doug. DOUG: I‘m glad to hear it. Now, how‘s the hole shaping up? TIM: Shall we have a look at the logs? DOUG: That‘ll do for a start, Tim. NEW WORDS 1. extinguisher [,,,,,,,,,,,,] n. 灭火器 2. storeroom [,,,,，,,] n.库房 3. generator [,,,,,，,,,,] n. 发电机 4. shack n. 小 5. handy [,,,,,] adj. 手边的，就近的 42 Lesson 21 Applying a Job JONES: Come in. MASON: Mr.Jones? JONES: Yes? MASON: My name is Mason. Mr.Jones. I‘ve come about that job on the Petroleum Programme. JONES: You‘re late, Mr.Mason .Very late indeed. I expected you to come on time. MASON: I‘m very sorry. Mr. Jones. I don‘t know London very well, 43 you see, and I, um--- JONES: Never mind. Take a chair. And let‘s just hope you know something about petroleum. MASON: Thank you. JONES: You may not thank me after you‘ve heard my questions. MASON: Oh. JONES: Now then. What comes to the top of a well together with natural gas? MASON: Um, lighter liquid hydrocarbons. And water. JONES: How? MASON: As very tiny drops. They‘re carried along in the gas. JONES: Carried along in the gas? That‘s not what an oilman would say. What would an oilman say, Mr. Mason? MASON: In suspension, Mr. Jones. JONES: H‘mmm, and what, exactly, are usually carried in suspension? MASON: The lighter liquid hydrocarbons. JONES: And the water? What about the water? MASSON: Um…erm…it‘s entrained. The water is usually entrained with the hydrocarbon gas. JONES: Is that good or bad? MASON: Bad. JONES: Why? MASON: Because the water has to be separated from the gas. JONES: And the lighter liquid hydrocarbons? MASON: They have to be separated too. JONES: H‘mm.Very well.Thank you, Mr.Mason. MASON: Is that all, Mr. Jones? JONES: That‘s all for today. I‘ll send you a letter. 44 MASON: Do you think I‘ll get the job? JONES: That depends. MASON: On what? JONES: It depends on the other people who come to see me. Lots of people come to see me. And most of them come on time, too. MASON: Oh. JONES: But, um, tell me. Do you know a man by the name of George Smith? MASON: George Smith? No. I‘m afraid I don‘t. JONES: Well, that‘s one good thing anyway. NEW WORDS 1. apply [,,,,,,]vt. 申请 2. suspension [,,,,,,,,,,] n. 悬浮 3. entrain [,,,,，,,,] vt.充气 Lesson 22 Money and Dull Routine Work MAC: I‘m going, Ian. I‘ve decided, and that‘s that. IAN: Ach, Mac, you‘re crazy. The rigs are no good, not for a roustabout. Don‘t go. Change your mind, man. MAC: The money‘s good, Ian. You must admit the money‘s good. IAN: Och,aye, the money‘s all right, with overtime and all that. But you don‘t know what it‘s like to be a roustabout out there. You just don‘t know, Mac. MAC: Okey, Ian, you tell me what it‘s like to be a roustabout and 45 I‘ll still tell you the money‘s bloody good. IAN: Sure, you‘ll come back from a spell offshore with 500 quid in the bank. But what‘s 500 quid if you slip on a greasy deck and land in the drink? You‘ll not swim in 40-foot waves in winter. I‘ll tell you that. MAC: Well, if that‘s all. I‘ll wear a bloody lifejacket, Ian. IAN: Lifejacket. Look, Mac, how would you like to hose down the rig sides and equipment for six hours at a stretch? MAC: Six hours? IAN: Aye. And scraping rust. You‘ll scrape rust all day long. And day after day, at that. And that‘s no joke. MAC: H‘mm. Aye. I suppose not. IAN: And you‘ll paint all tour long, too. And if there‘s no real work, you‘ll make work. You‘ll paint a pipe white one day, and if there‘s no work the next day you‘ll paint the same bloody pipe blue. MAC: Now, you‘re not serious, Ian IAN: Oh I‘m serious, Mac. I‘m serious, all right. Why do you think I quit? MAC: why did you quit? IAN: Am I not telling you? Because it‘s monotonous, Mac, that‘s why. MAC: Routine? IAN: Aye, routine. That‘s the word. Scrape and paint and hose down. Hose down and scrape and paint. MAC: I thought it might be a bit more interesting than that. IAN: Well, it isn‘t. Change your mind, Mac. MAC: I‘ll think about it, Ian. I‘ll think about it. 46 NEW WORDS 1. dull [,,,] adj. 无趣的，呆滞的 2. roustabout [,，,,,,,,,,,] n. 场地工 3. overtime [,,,,,,,,] n. 加班 4. bloody [,,,,,] adj. 有血的，该死的，非常的 5. spell [,,,,] n. 轮班 6. quid [,,,,] n. 一磅 二十先令 7. lifejacket [,,,,,,,,,,,] n. 救生衣. 8. greasy [,,，,,,,] adj. 油污的 9. hose [,,,,] n. 软管，水龙带 10.scrap [,,，,,] vt. 敲碎，拆毁 11.rust [，,,,] n. 铁锈 11. monotonous [,,,,,,,,,,] adj. 单调的，无变化的 Lesson 23 At Exhibition MARTIN: I say Paul. PAUL: Yes? MARTIN: Let‘s have a look at stand. PAUL: What‘s over there, Martin? MARTIN: Subsea Christmas trees. Want to see? PAUL: Why not. They‘ll be worth looking at. MARTIN: Let‘s go over then. PAUL: Right. Stand 34. Come on, there it is. (They go over to stand 34) 47 MARTIN: Interesting? PAUL: Yes, very. MARTIN: Diversely, too PAUL: That‘s an important feature. MARTIN: I‘ll be happier, though, when we all go solid block. PAUL: Me, too. MARTIN: Well, then, seen enough? PAUL: Enough for one day. MARTIN: How about a cup of coffee? PAUL: Lead the way, Martin. NEW WORDS 1. exhibition [,,,,,,,,,,] n.展览会，展览品 2. Christmas [,,，,,,,,] n. 圣诞节 3. Christmas tree n. 采油树 4. stand [,,,,,] n. 立柱 5. diversely [,,,,,,,,] adj. 各色各样的 Lesson 24 Talking about Drilling PETER: Will you drill a well here? BOB: We shall drill many wells in this site. PETER: What time are you going to spud in? BOB: We are going to spud in tomorrow morning. PETER: When are you going to finish drilling? BOB: After drilling out of oil zone, to redrill 50 meters more. PETER: Have you started to spud in? BOB: It‘s started to drill. 48 PETER: How many wells have you drilled in this area? BOB: We have drilled more than a hundred wells. PETER: How did you drill wells in those days? BOB: We were drilling in Summer, but stopping in Winter. PETER: Are they going to drill a well here, too? BOB: They are going to drill a new well here. PETER: Why didn‘t they come here the day before yesterday? BOB: They could not come to help you on that day, because they were drilling. PETER: When will you finish drilling this well? BOB: I am sure that we should have finished the well next month. PETER: How long have they drilled that well? BOB: They have been drilling that well for more than one year. PETER: Where have you been drilling wells these years? BOB: All these years we have been drilling in this area. PETER: What formation are you drilling now? BOB: We have been drilling shale formation from 2000 meters to 2150 meters. PETER: How many wells are drilled here every year? BOB: About eighty wells ere drilled. PETER: Have you drilled wells here? 49 BOB: A well was drilled here last year. PETER: When will this well be completed? BOB: According to design it will be completed in a month. PETER: How long has this well been drilled? BOB: It‘s nearly two years. PETER: What method do you take to raise the drilling speed? BOB: To increase drilling weights in drilling may effectively raise the rate of penetration. PETER: Can you drill in such a depth now? BOB: After we used 6000 meters rig, we could get to such a great depth. PETER: Have you hear about a big oilfield discovery in Inner Mongolia? BOB: Yes, I heard. There are several very highyield wells drilled in the last few years. PETER: How do we decide where to look for oil? BOB: We suggest to drill an exploratory well on this high point. PETER: What is a ―wildcat well‖? BOB: If a well is drilled in an area where there are no producing wells it is called a ―wildcat‖. PETER: What methods are used in drilling a well? BOB: There are two methods used in drilling a well: the cable-tool 50 and the rotary method. PETER: Is it a big work for drilling a well here? BOB: Yes, there is a lot of work to do. PETER: Do you often have operating meeting? BOB: Yes, we hold the meetings every week. NEW WORDS 1. spud in [,,,, ,,] v. 开钻 2. redrill [，,,,，,,] v. 再钻 3. shale [,,,,] n. 页岩 4. raise [，,,,] vt. 提高 5. rate of penetration n. 机械钻速 6. exploratory [,,,,,,,,，,,,，,] adj. 探险的 Lesson 25 Working on Drill Floor PETER: Is there any bit on the drillfloor? BOB: There are two bits on the floor. PETER: What did this roughneck do this morning? BOB: This roughneck washed and cleaned the drillfloor this morning. PETER: What did this derrickman do yesterday? BOB: He greased the crown block and the travelling block 51 yesterday. PETER: Do you often lubricate the drawworks? BOB: Yes, we do this work everyday. PETER: How long does driller check hydraulic brake once? BOB: He checks hydraulic brake every tour. PETER: Who teaches you how to operate the brake bar? BOB: He teaches me how to operate the brake bar. PETER: How many tongs are there on the drillfloor? BOB: There are three. The one is lead tong, another is back-up tong. The third is hydraulic tong. PETER: Is there any pressure gauge on the stand pipe? BOB: Yes, there is. PETER: What‘s the trouble with the high drum clutch? BOB: High drum clutch getting hot while drilling, please repair or change it! PETER: Does he often leave the drillfloor? BOB: No, he never leaves the drillfloor when he is on duty. PETER: Do they like using this tong? BOB: No, they don‘t like using this tong. PETER: Do we need to slip the drilling line very often? BOB: Yes, you do. PETER: What bit shall we use next time? 52 BOB: We will use a PDC bit. PETER: Did you clean all the equipment? BOB: We didn‘t clean all the equipment. We only cleaned the drawworks. PETER: Where are the roughnecks? BOB: They are all working on the drillfloor. PETER: What‘s the derrickman doing? BOB: He‘s cleaning the monkey-board. PETER: How many mule lines are fitted on the monkey-board? BOB: There are four pieces altogether. PETER: How many monkey straps are fitted on the monkeys-board? BOB: There are three pairs altogether. PETER: What were the others doing when you lubricated the draw-works? BOB: They were cleaning the drillfloor. PETER: Have you measured these subs? BOB: This technician told me that he had measured all the subs. PETER: How long will it take you to change this four-way valve? BOB: To change this four-way valve will only take five minutes. PETER: Do you know where the lift sub is? BOB: After looking for the lift sub everywhere , we found it on the 53 stand of drill collars. PETER: Which type of tongs is the lightest? BOB: This type of tongs is the lightest. PETER: What is the use of that wire line which he has fastened there? BOB: It is used to suspend a pulley. NEW WORDS 1. roughneck [，,,,,,,] n. 钻工 2. grease [,，,,,] vt. 涂脂于 3. lubricate [,,,,,，,,,,,] v. 加润滑油 4. brake [,，,,,] n. 刹车 5. brake bar n. 刹把 6. tong [,,,] n. 钳 7. lead tong n. 大钳，外钳 8. back-up tong n. 固定大钳，背钳 9. hydraulic tong [,,,,,，,,,,,] n. 液压大钳 10. gauge [,,,,,] n. 表 11. stand pipe n. 立管 12. drum clutch n. 滚筒离合器 13. On duty n. 值班 14. derrickman [,,，,,,,,] n. 井架工 15. monkey-board n. 二层台 54 16. mule line n. 兜绳 17. monkey strap n. 安全带 18. wrench ，,,,, n.扳手， 扳钳 19. crown o-matic n. 防碰天车 20. maintenance [,,,,,,,,,,,] n. 维护，保养 21. cathead [,,,,,,,] n. 锚头 22. lift sub n. 提升短接 23. fasten [,,,,,,vt] vt. 扎牢，拴紧 24. suspend [,,,,,,,,] vt. 吊，悬挂 25. pulley [,,,,,] n. 滑轮 Lesson 26 Drilling Equipment and Rig up PETER: When do you start to rig up? BOB: Tomorrow. PETER: What can this equipment do for us? BOB: This is a mud separator. PETER: What did you do yesterday? BOB: Yesterday we buried dead men (guy anchor). PETER: What did they install yesterday? 55 BOB: They installed guy lines. PETER: How many guy clamps did you fit on the end of guyline? BOB: The eight clamps are fitted on each line. PETER: Did they install all equipments in only one day? BOB: Yes, they did. PETER: How are you getting on with your work these days? BOB: Our work has not advanced much these few days. PETER: What has been done to improve the equipment? BOB: They installed one more lubricator on this equipment. PETER: It will be cold tonight. Would you please use boiler to provide with steam? BOB: Of course, we are ready. PETER: Which one is better of the two boilers? BOB: This boiler is a little better than that one. PETER: How much does this equipment weigh? BOB: The equipment is so heavy that it can‘t be moved without using a crane. But I don‘t know the exact weight. PETER: What time are you going to install the drawworks? BOB: If they come here the day after tomorrow, we shall install the drawworks with them. PETER: How long can we use this equipment for each time? BOB: It is not good to be using this equipment for too long at a 56 time. You‘d better check it every six hours. PETER: Can you operate that type of electric rig? BOB: Having been trained in a factory for some time, we knew how to operate that type of electric rig and carry out the maintenance. PETER: Have you got any more work to do today? BOB: The decisions being made, we began to make out a plan in detail and prepare the necessary material. PETER: What time are you going to examine the new rig? BOB: All the necessary materials having been shipped, the Chinese toolpusher and the American toolpusher began to examine them. PETER: When did they finish rigging up and adjusting work? BOB: What they were asked to do in ten days was finished in five. PETER: Where did you see the installing instruction book of this rig? BOB: I saw it in Mr. Chen‘s office. PETER: How long will it take you to finish installing this rig set? BOB: Five days is enough. PETER: What more do you want? BOB: We need at least another fifty meters of wire line. 57 PETER: How many kinds of equipments are there on this wellsite? BOB: It‘s about sixty kinds. NEW WORDS 1(rig up v. 安装(钻机) 2.dead man =guy anchor n. 绷绳锚 3.guy line n. 绷绳 4.guy clamp n. 绳卡 5.crane [,，,,,] n. 起重机 6.instruction book [,,,,,，,,,,,] n. 指令书, 说明书 7.warehouse [,,,,,,,,] n. 仓库 Lesson 27 Making Up and Laying Down the Drill Stems PETER: What time are we going to pull out of hole? BOB: Please pull out of hole at 9:30. PETER: Do you know what time to run in hole? BOB: He said that they would run in hole after they repaired the pump. 58 PETER: What time will we start laying down drill stem? BOB: Please start laying down drillpipe tomorrow. PETER: What are the roughnecks doing? BOB: They are laying down drillpipes. PETER: When did they start to lay down the drill string? BOB: The floormen had laid down the drill stem before they ate lunch. PETER: What have you been doing these two days? BOB: These two days we have been laying down drill tools. PETER: What work shall we do today? BOB: Today our work is pull out of hole with drill stem. PETER: What work should we do tomorrow? BOB: To pick up BHA is our work tomorrow. PETER: What methods will you take to lay down drill stem? BOB: We intend to use the hydraulic tong. PETER: How fast do they pull out of hole with drill string? BOB: They can pull out thirty stands of drill pipe per hour. PETER: What time did you begin to pull out of hole yesterday afternoon? BOB: It was three thirty. PETER: Could you tell me how to pull out of hole? BOB: First, the kelly is broken out and is set into the rathole. 59 Then the string is broken out in stands and the stands are stood back on the rig floor. PETER: The string is stripped out of hole in stands, not in singles. What is the reason for this? BOB: So that the crew can do the job more quickly. PETER: A derrickman must have excellent balance, why? BOB: Because he must work high up in the derrick on a small platform. PETER: The platform that a derrickman uses is called the ―monkey board‖, for what reason? BOB: Because a worker balances on it rather like a monkey in a tree. PETER: How are the tongs connected to the suspension unit? BOB: On a wire line connected to the suspension unit. PETER: Why must dope be viscous? BOB: So that it doesn‘t flow out of the threads. PETER: What is the difference between a dummy trip and a round trip? BOB: In a dummy trip, the string is hoisted only part of the way up and then it is run back to bottom. In a round trip, it‘s hoisted completely out of the hole before it‘s run back. 60 NEW WORDS 1. pull out of hole 起钻 2. run in hole 下钻 3. lay down drill stem 甩钻具 4. suspension unit n. 平衡块 5. dope [,,,,] n. 丝扣油 6. thread [,，,,] n. 丝扣，螺纹 7. dummy trip [,,,,] n. 短起下 8. round trip n. 起下钻 Lesson 28 Engines and Power PETER: How do you start these engines? BOB: Because the weather is very cold, we need some of ether. PETER: Do you need any more diesel fuel? BOB: We shall not need any more diesel fuel. 61 PETER: How did the engine work? BOB: This engine suddenly stopped yesterday. PETER: What‘s the trouble with the heater? BOB: The heater is not working, so it‘s not giving out any heat. PETER: How much diesel oil did you consume last year? BOB: Last year we used a lot of diesel oil. It‘s about one thousand tons. PETER: How long has the engine stopped? BOB: It has stopped for ten days. PETER: What‘s the trouble with the engine, do you know? BOB: The revolution of this engine first slowed down, and then stopped. PETER: What time do we start this engine? BOB: This engine will be starting to run in half an hour. PETER: When did he stop to have a rest? BOB: They did not stop working until they had checked all the reason for the overheating of the clutch. PETER: Need we start the engine now? BOB: Yes, now the engine needs starting to get warm. PETER: Did you talk with Mr. Backer about lubrication system of the engine? BOB: The lubrication system has been discussed by us. 62 PETER: How is the water being heated all the time? BOB: We have been using this heater. PETER: Do you have any difficulties with starting the engine? BOB: Starting the engine is not difficult. PETER: Which oil is the most useful on the wellsite? BOB: Diesel oil is the most useful fuel on the wellsite. PETER: What did you talk about with him? BOB: He asked how much fuel this diesel engine consumed. PETER: What can I do today? BOB: Here is the gasoline engine you must clean today. PETER: Which fuel consumption is more, the diesel engine or the gasoline engine? BOB: The fuel consumption of a diesel engine is much less than that of a gasoline engine. PETER: Do you know how to take care of the engine? BOB: If any unusual noise should be heard in operation of the engine, stop and check and find the possible cause. PETER: When do you intend to use these engines? BOB: Do have these engines repaired before the end of the month. Otherwise we won‘t be able to spud in on time. PETER: Do you know how to adjust a high pressure fuel pump? BOB: No, I can‘t now. Would you tell me how to adjust it? 63 PETER: How does the air compressor run? BOB: This air compressor has been running very well for three months. PETER: Which type or air compressor do you use now? The electric or the mechanical? BOB: Both types of them are used. NEW WORDS 1. ether [,,,,,] n. 醚，乙醚 2. consume [,,,,,,,,,] v. 消耗 3. fuel [,,,,,] n. 燃料 4. well site [,,,,,,,] n. 井场 5. diesel [,,,,,,,] n. 柴油机 6. gasoline [,,,,,,,,,] n. 汽油 7. compressor [,,,,,，,,,] n. 空气压缩机 Lesson 29 Cementing Job PETER: Does he agree to this cementing design? BOB: I saw that he would not agree with my operating program. PETER: Have you discussed the cementing design? 64 BOB: Today we have been discussing about cementing well with them for five hours. PETER: What were you doing at that time? BOB: We were discussing the question about completion when he came in. PETER: Did you hold the operating meeting? BOB: When I came in, they had finished the operating meeting. PETER: Who will go to the cement plant with me? BOB: I shall go to the cement plant with you. PETER: What were you doing at about 9:00 yesterday morning? BOB: We were calculating the cost of the completion. PETER: What have you been doing for these two days? BOB: Yesterday and today we have been cleaning the casing threads. PETER: Need casing threads be cleaned and washed again? BOB: No, it needn‘t. PETER: What order did he say? BOB: He told me to give you this order. PETER: What do the casing tools consist of? BOB: The casing tools consist of casing tongs, elevators, filling mud line, casing rabbit, landing joint casing screw protector, casing slip, casing centralizer, casing float shoe, 65 casing float collar and casing scraper etc. PETER: Have the casing tools been delivered here? BOB: The casing tools will be here tomorrow morning. PETER: Have you checked the casing tools? BOB: Yes, all of the casing tools are received. PETER: Did you run in hole with the casing scraper? BOB: Yes, it has been pulled out of the hole. PETER: What time will the cement truck come to the drilling location? BOB: Cement truck will be here at 10:30, please. PETER: What kind of elevator are you going to use for running in hole with casing? BOB: We intend to use an air spider and an air slips. PETER: Are you going to use this kind of elevator for running in hole with casing? BOB: We want to use that one instead. PETER: Where is the cement head? BOB: It‘s over there. PETER: How long will it take you to finish running in hole with these casings. BOB: We intend to finish operating in 12 hours. PETER: What time are we going to start cementing? 66 BOB: It‘s about ten o‘clock. PETER: How long are we going to circulate before cementing? BOB: It‘s necessary to circulate for a long time, because the well is deeper. PETER: Which pump will be used to displace mud? BOB: Please displace with big pump 161 cubic meters of mud. PETER: Are you satisfied with the cementing operation? BOB: The result of the cementing operation satisfied us. NEW WORDS 1. cementing design n. 注水泥设计 2. cement plant n. 固井公司. 3. elevator [,,,,,,,,,] n. 吊卡 4. casing rabbit n. 套管内径规 5. landing joint casing n. 连顶接 6. screw protector n. 护丝 7. casing slip n. 套管卡瓦 8. casing centralizer n. 套管扶正器 9. casing float n. 套管浮箍，套管浮鞋 10. casing scraper n. 刮管器 11. air spider n. 气动卡瓦 67 Lesson 30 Mud Pump and Circulation PETER: What were you doing this afternoon? BOB: We repaired the mud pump this afternoon. PETER: Do you keep the pump on all the time? BOB: We do not keep these motors and mud pumps on all the 68 time. PETER: What is happening to the mud pump? BOB: It needs to change a piston. PETER: How does this pump working now? BOB: This pump is not working well. PETER: What was the driller doing when you repaired the pump? BOB: While we were repairing the pump, the driller was working the drill stem. PETER: When are you going to repair the pump? BOB: Before running in hole. PETER: Has the pump been repaired well? BOB: Two pumps have been well repaired. PETER: Shall I stop the pump? BOB: I am not going to stop the pump. PETER: Which one is better of the two pumps? BOB: After having been repaired , the pump 2# was much improved and its discharge was also increased. PETER: What would it be if there were no friction? BOB: If the friction had not been so great, the pump would not have been damaged. PETER: How long will it take you to have repaired the mud pump? 69 BOB: It will take us three hours to have repaired the mud pumps. PETER: What were you doing at that time? BOB: I was adjusting the pump strokes per minute. PETER: Do you have stand-by pump? BOB: Yes, we have two sets of stand-by T-1600 type of the pump. PETER: When did he shut down the pump? BOB: He shut down the pumps when the toolpusher told him to do so. PETER: Why weren‘t the pumps inspected earlier? BOB: They weren‘t inspected earlier because no instructions were received? PETER: How do you establish a preventive maintenance program? BOB: First, run sufficient parts in the pump to establish what can be expected for parts life. NEW WORDS 1.repair [，,,,,,] v. 修理 70 2. piston [,,,,,,] n. 活塞 3. discharge [,,,,,,,,,,] n. 排量 4. friction [,,，,,,,,] n. 摩擦 5. stroke [,,，,,,] n. 一冲 6. stand-by adj. 备用的 7. shut down v. 停车 8. inspection [,,,,,,,,,,] n. 检查 Lesson 31 Tools PETER: What‘s this? 71 BOB: This is a jet bit. PETER: What are these? BOB: There are subs and X-overs (crossovers). PETER: What are those? BOB: Those are lifting subs(lifting nipple, elevator plug). PETER: It is a slip , isn‘t it? BOB: Yes, it is a 5‖ slip. PETER: Those are safety slips and elevators, aren‘t they? BOB: Yes they are. PETER: Which one is longer, the drill pipe or the heavy weight drill pipe? BOB: The heavy weight drill pipe is longer. PETER: Do they use these wellhead tools everyday? BOB: Yes, they do. PETER: Where have you made the subs? BOB: We made two subs in the machine shop. PETER: Is there any taper tap in the tool house? BOB: There are three box bells and two taper taps. PETER: Is there any tool box in the doghouse? BOB: Yes, there is one. PETER: Are there any hand tools in the toolbox? BOB: There are many hand tools in the toolbox. 72 PETER: How many monkey wrenches are there in the toolbox? BOB: There are two. PETER: What are you looking for? BOB: I‘m looking for a short sub. PETER: What are you going to do after work? BOB: We are going to put these two new tongs into that room. PETER: Have you measured these spiral collars and flex joints? BOB: No, I have not measured them. PETER: You must have used the hydraulic bent subs(knuckle) , which are made in our company? BOB: Yes, we have. The efficiency is very good. PETER: What tool do you need? BOB: The tool I need is a cutting torch. PETER: How should I use this tool? BOB: You must try to hold the tool as I do. PETER: May I use these measuring tools? BOB: Yes. But these measuring tools are not to be taken out of the laboratory. You can only use them here. PETER: Does the pipe yard make elevators? BOB: No, they repair wellhead tools only. PETER: Did you see the big hammer? BOB: It‘s in the pump house. 73 PETER: Is there any chain wrench on the drillfloor? BOB: No, they are on the ground. NEW WORDS 1. jet bit n. 喷射钻头 2. x-over n. 配合接头(转换接头) 3. lifting nipple n. 提升短节 4. elevator plug n. 提升丝堵 5. safety slip n. 安全卡瓦 6. heavy weight drill pipe n. 加重钻杆 7. taper tap n. 公锥 8. box bell n. 母锥 9. monkey wrench n. 活动扳手 10. short sub n. 短接头 11. spiral collar n. 螺旋钻铤 12. flex joint n. 柔性短节 13. bent sub = knuckle [,,,,,,] n. 弯接头 14. hammer [,,,,] n. 锤子 15. chain wrench n. 链钳 74