网络交互性对攻击性的影响_教育心理学报告

网络交互性对攻击性的影响_教育心理学报告 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 网络信息传播的交互性对青少年不良行为形成的影响 ——攻击性的角度 摘要 交互性是网络信息传播的重要特点，是网络对青少年影像的重要因素。本研究预期探讨网络的交互性水平对青少年攻击性的影响。实验首先采用内隐攻击性的词干补笔纸笔测验对被试攻击性水平进行匹配，随后随机分配至可以留言、评论、截图的高交互性组和不能进行交流的低交互性组进行视频浏览。之后采用噪音惩罚的游戏法测量被试的外显攻击性水平。 关键词 互联网 青少年 攻击性 交互性 信息传播 不良行为 背景 网络的出现给当今社会的诸多方面都带来了新的冲击。其中一个曾经被广为关注的现象就频发的“门”事件。 “门”事件中的一个著名事例是:2009年10月23日晚，上海知名论坛宽带山(KDS)上有网友转发了某视频网站上关于上海女生打架的一条视频，长达5分20秒。视频显示，在一个弄堂里，一名身穿紫色T恤、中学生模样的女生正对另一女生拳打脚踢。视频里的旁观者时不时用上海话对话，并称呼打人者为“熊姐”。近日，在网络上又出现一段广为传播的视频，据说视频拍摄地点是大同(也有说是珠海)某中学。视频的内容是由于课上产生了激烈的矛盾，老师与一名学生抡起教室板凳相互攻击。 而这些展现不良行为的“门”事件之所以能够受到广泛关注，一个重要原因就是它们往往伴随着诸多热烈讨论甚至是其他人的模仿。这是在网络出现之前并不会看到的现象。那么，作为新兴媒体，网络的信息传播特点，究竟会对青少年不良行为的形成造成怎样的影响呢, 文献回顾 1网络信息传播的特点 网络作为一种特殊的信息传播媒介，有着不同于其他媒介的特殊性，可以总结为以下几点(邱均平 苏金燕 牛培源，2008年): 传播模式的复合性: 以信息传播受众范围为依据可以将信息传播模式划分四种，自身传播、人际传播、组织传播和大众传播。网络信息传播模式是几种传播模式的复合体。 传播途径的多样性: 具体承载不同的传播模式的则是许多不同的传播途径。比如人际传播有QQ、msn、电子邮件等等，组织传播主要是各种论坛中成员之间的信息交流，大众传播则体现在各种网站所发布的大量信息之中。而且一种传播途径也可能本身复合了多种传播模式。 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 传播内容的丰富性: 这体现在两个方面，一是传播形态的多样。网络传播囊括了传统媒体所能够表现的文字、图像、音频以及视频等形态。另一方面是传播容量的巨大。网络存储的能力是其它传媒无法比拟的，而且随着科技发展，这种能力还在飞速增长。 传播速度的即时性: 在网上发表文章比印张报纸要容易许多:传统传媒都需要专业人士完成，这就受工作时间的影响，而网络上任何人都可以发表，这样无论谁只要有空就能将得到的信息立即传到网上。 传播操作交互性: 这一点是本研究的核心问题，下文将进行详细讨论。一般看电视看报纸都只能看，自己有什么想法很难反馈回去，除非给报社写信。而到了网上，看见什么有点想法马上就能把想说的发上去，对方也很快能收到。因此在网上每个人都同时使信息的接受者与发布者。 传播人员的广泛性: 其它的传媒只能由有限的专业人士进行信息传播，与此相比，基本上所有的网络用户都有将信息发布到网上的经历。无论是生，还是老年人，都能够成为网络上信息的传播者。 那么，在网络信息传播的这些特点中，究竟是哪一点最显著地使得网络信息传播在本质上不同于之前的传统传播途径呢,本研究认为，应当是网络信息传播的交互性这一特点。 2网络信息传播的交互性 著名的传播信息技术学者埃弗里特•M•罗杰斯在互联网刚刚兴起时就提出了对交互性的定义。他认为:交互性是“在传播进程中参与者能交换角色、并对他们的双边话语具有控制力的程度”(Rogers, 1995)。 即在传播时最核心的过程是交流，交流中必然有信息发出者与接收者。而如果两者能够交换角色，并能决定发出与接收信息的时间和内容，这样的传播途径就是有交互性的。可以看出，网络就是这样一种交互性很强的传播媒介。 一些学者归纳了交互性本身所具有的不同维度。唐斯和麦克米伦总结近些年来有关专家的看法，发现交互性有六个维度:传播方向、时间灵活性、方位感、控制层、反应性和感知上的传播目的。他们还断定，交互性是一种变量，当一种双向媒介的使用者发现他们所拥有的控制力愈高、反应性愈强，以及互动的目的是知会而不是劝说时，交互性亦会随之增加(Downes & McMillan, 2002)。 国内学者周翔对现有文献进行了总结之后认为，按照概念的不同维度，交互性既可以是使用者对媒介(包括系统，文件等)的交互性，也可以是使用者对使用者的交互性;既可以是人际交互性，也可以是内容交互性(周翔，2009)。 在对最新的研究以及综述文献进行总结后，网络信息传播的交互性可以总结为以下三个方面: 一、网络使用者具有信息的接受者与发布者的双重身份。这是使用者对媒介的交互性，使用互联网是一个接受信息的过程，同时也在很多方面进行着信息发布的行为。 二、能够对发布的信息(文字、图片、音频、视频等)进行即时的反馈。这是使用者与传播内容的交互性，即网民可以对看到的东西加以评论。 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 三、能够就发布的信息与其他网络使用者进行讨论。这是使用者之间的交互性——发布信息后，网络使用者并不就此结束，而是跟其他的使用者继续相互反馈。 可以看出，这三方面实际上是相辅相成的，双重身份是下面两个维度的基础，而反馈和讨论则是体现普通网络使用者双重身份的主要途径。这三个维度共同构成了网络交互性的立体格局。 信息传播交互性中实验室可控的因素 之前的文献综述中已经表明，交互性是一种变量，当一种双向媒介的使用者发现他们所拥有的控制力愈高、反应性愈强，以及互动的目的是知会而不是劝说时，交互性亦会随之增加(Downes & McMillan, 2002)。 这就说明，要对交互性进行控制，最主要的因素就是设置被试对信息传播过程不同的控制程度。在验室中，可以进行控制的因素主要有三个方面:对信息传送的具体控制程度，对之后反馈信息的要求程度，以及不同水平的交流情境。这将在之后的具体试验设计中得到体现。 3网络对青少年的不良行为的影响 关于青少年不良行为的论述比较多，具体而言，可以按程度分为三类:不良生活习惯，不道德行为(包括人身侵犯和性侵犯等行为)，青少年犯罪。 对文献进行总结后，可以发现青少年不良行为的种影响因素主要有四个方面:遗传等生物因素(Lyoo、Lee、Jung et al(，2002);自身心理因素，包括自我评价，控制能力和道德发展水平等(张岚、杨洋、周春淼，2007);家庭环境与父母教养方式(王益文等，2002);以及家庭外环境因素(Mary Lynne，Robert，Daneen(et al(，2003)。 而在现代社会中，由于家庭结构的变化以及家庭功能项社会的转移，家庭教养对青少年的影响不断减弱，而媒体的影响则不断增大。 互联网很快成为影响青少年成长的一个显著因素，互联网对青少年的成长的影响正是近年来的热门研究领域。对此，楚丽霞总结了四个重要的方面: 1.互联网的开放性有助于青少年形成现代观念，而互联网的虚拟性不利于青少年道德意识的培养 2.互联网的丰富性有助于拓宽青少年学习视野，而互联网信息传播的超地域性不利于青少年道德行为的自我约束。 3.互联网的互动性有助于扩展青少年人际交往范围，而互联网的不安全性致使青少年责任感培养受到挑战。 4.互联网的创新性有助于激发青少年的探索欲，而互联网的高科技性极易导致青少年价值观偏离。 可以看出，关于互联网的影响一个最核心的观点就是，网络对青少年发展是一把双刃剑，有其积极的一面亦有消极的一面。另外，之前关于互联网对青少年影响的研究还有两个显著特点:一个是对网络信息的传播通常将关注点放在其内容方面，多从网络信息大量与复杂的角度考察其与传统媒体的不同点;另一个特点则是，之前的研究多数关注“非常态”的网络使用行为，比如说暴力色情的内 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 容或是对游戏或信息的沉迷行为。相比之下对网络信息常态的传播过程则较少关注。 本研究正是选定了交互性这一维度，对网络信息传播的常态过程进行了探讨。而在青少年被网络所影响的诸多方面，本研究选定了攻击性这一具有贯穿性的因素。 4攻击性的意义 攻击性是人发起攻击行为的心理特征，即人格中所具有的产生攻击的内在可能性。总的来说，攻击性可以从三个方面理解:攻击性的外在行为表现(身体攻击、语言攻击等)，攻击性的认知(敌对)，以及攻击性的情绪表现，包括冲动、易怒等(田媛，2009;叶茂林，2003)。 在上文所述的青少年不良行为中，攻击性是一个明显贯穿各种不良行为之中的因素。未成年犯罪者的攻击性水平显著高于一般水平(田媛，2009;叶茂林，2003)。研究和理论都表明，攻击性水平是青少年不良行为发生的一个重要相关因素。对青少年攻击性的研究也一直是青少年成长研究的重要领域。 攻击性行为的经典研究 研究者们早期关注的是电视暴力对个体攻击性的影响，尤其是对青少年的攻击性行为的影响。纵向的相关研究表明，早年看暴力电视的多少与后来的攻击性行为之间存在正相关(Taylor, Peplau, 2004)。 之后，Anderson和Dill(2000)在以大学生为研究对象，在控制了被试攻击特质后发现，那些自我报告有较多暴力性电子游戏的大学生攻击行为较多(Aderson, Dill，2000)。 在上述两个研究进行的同时，也有大量研究者采用不同的方式对攻击性这一主题进行了探索，他们不仅丰富了攻击性的相关理论，也开创和完善了攻击性的多种不同测量方法。 攻击性行为的测定方法 攻击性行为的测量方法可分为内隐测量方法与外显测量方法两种。 攻击性行为的外显测量方法有:调查法，包括问卷法、自我报告法、他人等级评定、人格量表等;观察法又可分为现场观察法(包括自然观察法、“猛按喇叭”、个体对抗法等)与实验观察法(包括游戏法、语言攻击测量法、直接身材攻击行为法等)。 内隐的攻击性行为的测量主要是任务分离法，包括偏好判断与投射测验两种方法。 本研究则选用了外显的游戏法，来测定被试的攻击性行为。 在暴力电脑游戏对个体攻击性的影响的一个研究中，实验者采用游戏法，通过竞争反应时程序(Correct Response Time)测量被试的攻击性行为的次数及强度，具体过程如下: 在CRT程序中，告知被试他们将与另外一名被试竞赛，看谁能最快地对电脑屏幕上出现目标方块进行按键反应，失败者将通过耳机接收一个令人讨厌的噪音 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 刺激。噪音的强度和持续时间在想象上被认为是由他的对手设定的。根据每个回合的结果，电脑屏幕显示“你赢了!”或“你输了!”。在每个回合之前。被试设定假设自己赢得这个回合、对手将接收到的噪音惩罚水平。噪音的强度水平在0到10之间t水平1(60分贝)，3(70分贝)，5(80分贝)，7(90分贝)，9(100分贝)。每个回合结束后(不管是赢还是输)，电脑屏幕上都会通过一个条形图显示由所谓的对手所设置的噪音水平。实际上，并没有对手，输赢的模式及噪音水平均由电脑控制(张卫等，2008)。 选用游戏法为作为测量被试的攻击性行为的方法主要优点是条件易于控制、结果易量化、以及易于操作。采用游戏法，由于情境被预先具体设定，可以比较好的排除额外变量对实验的影响，而且结果可以通过测量被试对虚拟对手的惩罚来衡量被试的攻击性行为，而这一结果比较容易测量，且可以量化。同时操作也简便，利用简单的电脑程序便可以很精确地计量结果。 实验方法: 1(被试 抽取在校生30人，其中男生15人，女生15人。 2(实验假设 接受相同的带有攻击性的信息，在较高交互性的情境下(即实验组)的被试将会相应地产生较高的攻击性水平。 3(预实验:内隐攻击性测量 预实验的目的主要是对被试进行匹配分组以提高实验效度。 预实验采用词干补笔测验。 被试指导语为:“这是一项组词测试，你需要快速在目标字中选一个与探测字组成词的字。”并在电脑程序中向其连续呈现22个探测字，同时每个字有三个选项与之匹配。其中一个选项能与该探测字组成一攻击性词汇，如打架、流氓，称为“目标词”;另一选项能与探测字组成中性词语，如打扫、流星，称为“干扰词”;最后一个选项不能与探测字组成词语，称为“中性词”。 举例如下: 探测字: 打____ A. 扫 (干扰词) B. 架 (目标词) C. 理 (中性词) 其中目标词采用拉丁方设计排列以避免呈现空间误差。预实验先让被试练习5组，之后17组为正式测验。每题1分，即被试的得分范围为0-17分。如果被试选择了目标词则得分，否则不得分。所得分数较高则说明内应攻击性较高。 获得预实验结果后，将被试的得分进行排列，使用匹配法将被试分为攻击性平均水平接近的两组，一组为实验组，另一组为控制组。 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 4(正式实验过程 4.1交互性处理 每名被试将独自在台式计算机前接受实验。被试将面对一个网页界面，网页抬头显示“复旦大学心理学实验平台”(见下图)。 下面的页面里有相应的播放器。先对其进行实验组与控制组共同的指导语，“我们将进行一项视频短片对游戏操作性影响的实验，你有12分钟的时间来自由观看长度约8分钟的一些视频短片，看完视频短片之后，你需要实际操作一款简单的游戏。”(见下图) 控制组 之后告知控制组的被试，“在观看完第一遍之后你可以利用剩下的时间快速浏览之前的短片以加深印象。”在8分钟的短片结束后出现快速浏览页面。(见下图)。 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 实验组 而相应的实验组被告知:“我们需要你在观看完第一遍之后再次快速浏览短片，并截取5幅视频图片，上传到实验室的网络平台，并进行相应评论和评分以为之后进行试验的同学提供参考。”(见下图)。 在8分钟的短片结束后出现快速浏览页面，旁边显示有截图预览区，评论区，以及相应的上传、评论按钮。(见下图) 4.2攻击性测量 短篇观看结束后，屏幕呈现虚拟游戏，游戏为简单的对抗性网页游戏，告知被试是在和同时进行实验的其他被试一同游戏。游戏共计15轮，每轮结束后， 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 赢的一方都可以对输的一方进行噪音惩罚。实际上游戏输赢已于事先排列好，其中第1,2,4,5,9,11,13,14次为被试获胜。 噪音有不同的分贝等级(40、60、80)，以及不同的持续时间(3、5、8、10)在游戏之前被试可以按键先体验不同的噪音以及不同的持续时间(见下图)。 对被试攻击性的计分方式如下: 在被试给予虚拟对手的噪音惩罚中，分贝等级对应1、2、3，相应的持续时 、2、3、4，以相应惩罚等级和持续时间的乘积作为此次惩罚的攻击性间对应1 水平。 4.3数据处理 主要数据处理为:对实验组与控制组的游戏攻击性水平进行配对样本t检验，看两者是否有显着差异。 分析评价与展望 结果解释 如果本实验的实验假设成立，这样的交互性又是如何对人的心理造成影响的,交互性这个因素究竟是通过何种机制对青少年攻击性的发展产生了影响, 认知加工理论可以对这一点做出理论解释。其中的核心的概念就是加工水平。在没有交互性的传播中，我们对大多数信息可能采取的是一扫而过式的处理，而一旦进行了交互，交流者首先要做的就是知道要交互什么，而做到这一点的前提又是要充分理解该信息。但这并不是全部原因，因为在其他一些传播媒介上可能对某些信息也会进行深加工，比如说感兴趣的;第二点即交互行为对认知的影响。当不需要进行交互的时候，交流者可能并没有对该信息形成自己的观点，或是并没有非常确定的观点。但一旦进行交互，交流者就不得不首先形成一个观点。这样当交互之后，交流者就不得不说服自己接受这个观点了。 另外也可以将可能出现的实验效应解释为情绪唤起的不同。即在交互性程度较高的实验组中，被试由于较高的交互水平而对实验产生了更高的情绪唤起。在情绪唤起水平较高的状态下，被试从而倾向于表现出更高的攻击性。 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 实验设计评价 此外，就本实验的实验设计而言，还是有一些不足之处的。 首先，本实验设计中因变量虽然是不同的交互性水平这一个维度，但是在操作上涉及多个不同的因素，包括是否进行评论，是否要选取信息(截图)等等。这一方面是保证实验效果以及外部效度的需要，但另一方面也使得实验结果实际上是受到复杂的多方面因素的影响。这就难以为实验结果的理论解释提供清晰的逻辑关系。 另外关键的一点是，本研究所设计的交互性情景是否能够重现现实中的交互性情景呢,在现实的交互情境中，包含微妙的认知变化与情感转变，而且时间跨度有可能达到几小时甚至几天。但作为实验室的实验，自然不可能给被试足够的时间消化信息，因此只能进行这种即时交互的方法，这很有可能造成实验结果与现实状况的差异。 研究前景 正是基于本实验的这些不足之处，我们相信在这一领域有着广阔的研究前景。首先，对本实验的试验方法和过程的改进，或者角度或方法的变更，将能够为网络信息传播交互性的研究提供更多的实证依据。更重要的是，如前所述，本实验仅仅是对交互性总体作用的研究，对于交互性作用的具体作用机制，以及交互性所包含的不同因素的具体作用，都有可能成为有价值的研究课题。 而对网络信息传播交互性的研究，也无疑能够为信息传播理论在网络领域的发展，以及网络信息调查与控制等实用方面有独特的价值。有可能为青少年的网络保护提供新的角度。 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 参考文献: 1. 邱均平、苏金燕、牛培源:网络信息传播特点及其对和谐社会建设的积极影 响，山东社会科学2008年第5期 2. 叶茂林:材料性质与内隐攻击性启动效应的实验研究，心理科学 2001年第 24卷第4期 3. 戴春林、杨治良、吴明证:内隐攻击性的实验研究，心理科学 2005年 28 期 4. 陈美芬、陈舜蓬:攻击性网络游戏对个体内隐攻击性的影响，心理科学 2005 年 28期 5. 李婧洁、张卫、甄霜菊、梁娟、章聪:暴力电脑游戏对个体攻击性的影响， 心理发展与教育2008年 第2期 6. 孟庆兰:网络信息传播效果分析，图书馆学研究2007(11 7. 牛培源、邱均平、苏金燕:网络信息传播对和谐社会建设的负面影响分析与 对策研究，山东社会科学2008年第5期 8. 周翔:网络交互性与用户迷失问题探讨，科技传播 2009•8(下) 9. 沈秋英、王文平:基于社会网络与知识传播网络互动的集群超网络模型，东 南大学学报 第39卷第2期 10. 钟锋 陈维 李根源 青少年不良行为与生活方式的现状与对策，卫生职业教 育 Vol.21 2003 No.10 11. 田媛:青少年内隐攻击性:网络暴力刺激的启动效应，华中师范大学硕士学 位20090501 12. 潘绮敏、张卫青:少年攻击性问卷的编制，心理与行为研究2007年第5期 13. 冀云、刘晓明、马艳杰:未成年犯的攻击性及相关因素，中国心理卫生杂志 2009年第23卷第11期 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 s. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be 复旦大学 心理学系 教育心理学 研究设计报告 held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.