阅读理解小case

阅读理解小case 阅读理解小case(1) 先读文章，后看题目 有的考生在做阅读理解题的时候，喜欢先看题目后读文章。他们认为这样会节省时间，但是大多数情况下结果与他们的初衷相反。实际上，在做阅读理解题的时候先看题目不会节省时间，反而会浪费时间。这是因为如果你先看题目，在你阅读文章的时候你的脑中就会充斥着这些题目，那么你就不能集中注意力。你就会集中注意力寻找这些题目的答案，从而影响对文章整体的理解。因此在做阅读理解时要先读文章，后看题目。以下是一些具体的方法: 1(在阅读文章时不要担心时间不够，否则就不能全神贯注于文章内容。在阅读文章开头几句时，你要联想一下文章的大意:文章是关于什么内容、写的谁、谈论什么事物等。 2(当你继续阅读文章时，要努力识别出文章的文体，即是科普文章、文学作品，还是新闻报道或是别的;同时要识别出作者的写作手法，文章是写给谁看的，作者是带着一种什么样的感情写这篇文章的。 3.在读完文章一遍后，你会对文章的主题和文章的结构有了一定的印象，但是为了准确起见，在你回答问题的时候一定要回过头来再看一遍该文，以确认你的答案。不要根据自己第一遍阅读时的印象答题，也不要根据自己所掌握的文章以外的知识答题。 4(在阅读题目的时候，要注意一些关键字眼，比如EXCEPT, CANNOT, NOT, INCORRECT 等出题者为了引起考生特别注意的大写词。 阅读理解小case(2) 正确识别题目种类 英语专业四级考试的阅读理解题目主要有主旨题、细节题(或事实题)、推断题等。不同的题目有不同的答题方法，因此正确的判断题目的类型非常重要。以下是几组主要的题型: 主旨题主要是来测试考生对文章整体大意的理解，这类题目一般以下列形式出现 : What does the passage mainly discuss? The main point of the passage is to ... The purpose of this passage is to ... The author’s purpose in writing this passage is ... Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? The principal idea of the article is ... The best title for this passage is ... The passage is mainly concerned with ... The passage mainly concerns ... The main theme of this passage is ... The general idea of the passage is about ... 细节题(事实题) 此类题目是为了测试考生把握文章细节描写的能力。这类试题主要以下列形式出现: Which of the following is NOT true of ... Which of the following statements is true of... Which of the following is best supported by the passage? The author states all the following EXCEPT... 推断题 对于考生来说，推断题是比较难的一类题。因为它是测试考生对作者在文中隐含意义的理解 能力。这类题目主要以下列形式出现 : It can be inferred from the passage that ... The author implies that ... The passage suggests that ... Which of the following statements about ...can be inferred from the passage? The author seems to indicate that ... We can conclude from the passage that... 态度/语气题 这类题目也较难。此类题目主要是测试考生把握作者情感的能力。但是这类题在 近几年的考试中已经越来越少。这类题目主要有以下几种形式: The author is ______ about ... The author’s attitude toward the problem can best be described as ... The author’s attitude towards ... is... 除了以上几种主要的题目类型外，还有情景转移题、文章写作技巧题、词汇题等，这些 类型的题目总的来说出现频率不高，故此处不再赘述。 阅读理解小case(3) 主旨题答题方法——文章大意快速查找 前面我们曾讲述了试题的主要类型，其中主旨题是一种比较常考的题型。做主旨题考生 在读完文章一遍后能够迅速总结出文章的大意。但是不同的文章的大意的体现方式也是不同 的，比如有的文章的主题大意很清楚地体现在主题句topic sentence中，而有的文章的主 题 大意却不明显，需要考生通过体会字里行间的意思和从整体上理解文章的内容。下面我们 就 来看一下如何找出含有主题句的文章大意。 大意或主旨是一篇文章的中心。段落大意一般体现在一句话中，这句话就叫主题句topic sentence。段落的其他部分是支持和解释大意的具体细节。因此如果能够迅速地找出主题句 并确定段落大意和细节的对比，对于文章或段落大 意的获得是非常有帮助的。 例如: As a rule, most of my dreams at night are pleasant ones. (c)Recently, though, I had a really bad dream. (a)I was in an alley, dressed in light summer clothing. (b)Coming out of the darkness at the end of the alley were hundreds of large gra y rats. Their razorsharp teeth glistened with saliva, and their eyes glowed re d with a cold fury. I turned to run away, but attacking in the other direction w ere a dozen pit bulls. (d)And these particular pit bulls were foaming at the mou th; they all had rabies. “Just my luck,” I muttered, and did my best to wake u p as quickly as possible. 看完该段落后，你能判断出a, b, c, d四句话哪句是主题句吗?答案是c。那么为什么呢 ,a 句意义太狭窄，它是有关作者的衣服，可以断定只是文章的一个细节。b句和d句的意义 同 样太狭窄，不能概括段落大意。而c句中的really bad dream意义非常广阔，并且能够覆 盖 所有噩梦的细节，因此它是主题句。 通过查找段落的主题句和段落大意，你就能够很轻松地将它们综合成文章的大意。 阅读理解(四) 主旨题答题方法——主题句在段落中的位置 前面讲过，文章或段落的主题大意经常体现在主题句上，这就需要我们在阅读文章的时 候 能够迅速准确地确定主题句的位置。一般来说主题句出现在段首，但是在很多情况下主题 句 会出现在一段文字的其他位置，比如有时主题句会出现在段落的开头，有时会出现在中间 ， 有时会出现在段尾，有时首尾都有。 (1)主题句出现在段首。 有些作者喜欢使用主题句作为一个段落或篇章的开始，例如: Pain can cause aggression. When two rats in the same cage were given foot shocks , they attacked each other immediately. In addition, stronger shocks resulted in more violent aggression. Pairs of various other animals reacted similarly. A stubbed toe or a headache has been known to cause similar responses in humans. 很明显作者的主旨在第一句话中就体现了出来，段落的其他部分是对这句话的解释，因此第 一句话就是主题句。 )主题句出现在段内。有些段落的主题句前还有几句引导性的细节描写，这些开头句的 主(2 要目的是引起读者的注意，将段落大意和前面的段落联系起来，或者是给出该段主题的背 景。例如: Everyone has heard of accounts, salespeople, and lawyers. But have you ever hear d of a kiss mixer or a belly builder? Most jobs have common titles, but the re are also many unusual position titles. A kiss mixer, for instance, is the p erson who mixes the ingredients for candy kisses. And a belly builder is the ind ividual who assembles and fits the inside parts of pianos. 读后可知第三句为主题句，因为前两句都是来介绍普通的工作名称和不普通工作名称的对 比 ，以引起读者的注意，而第三句则给出了段落大意。 (3)主题句出现在段尾。主题句出现在段尾的情况，请看例子。 A couple’s daughter had just graduated from college. So they were not sur prised when a florist’s truck pulled in front of their house. However, they were surpri sed when they saw that the dozen red roses were addressed to them. The card read , “Thanks, Mom and Dad, for making this day possible. I could not have done it without your love and support.” In an unusual switch, the graduate had given her parents a graduation gift. (4) 主题句出现在首尾。出现在段首的主题句给出段落大意，出现在段尾的主题句是对段 首 的强调，例如: Dental research on rats may lead to chocolate that’s good for you.In one study, researchers found that rats who ate chocolate candy high in fat and casein got 71 percent fewer cavities than those who ate sugar or fudge alone. In a follow u p study, rats were fed chocolate candy that had an even greater amount of casein , a milk protein. The rats then got almost no cavities at all. Because of this r esearch, one company may develop a chocolate candy that’s healthy for your teeth .