模具毕业论文

模具毕业论文 security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) 本科生毕业设计(论文)#说明# 学 院 机械工程学院 专 业 模具设计与制造 年 级 08机电高级2班 姓 名 黄 荣 指导教师 伍 超 2012年6月1日 security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) (高等教育自学考试) 本科生毕业设计(论文)任务书 题目:塑料端盖的模具设计 职 称 教授 一、原始依据 本课题是自己所选的，来自日常生活中到处可见塑料制品。塑料制品占模具中的80%以上，所以对塑料模具的设计自目前对我们是非常重要的一门设计，学好本内容才可以对它进行基本的设计，也为今后设计复杂的塑料模具奠定良好的基础。 本人所设计的是一般的塑料端盖注塑模设计，在设计中附有大量的模具结构图和模具局部图，还有通过Pro/E软件画出它的三维立体图。文字大约有10000字，已详细地说明设计的全过程。但本人是初次设计，有很多的错误和不足，敬请谅解。 nd positive security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the proof body combat operations, a-and rain-open pit operation should be set up[document 2004]54 on the issuance of the notice, commitment not to workerswages ongestlving the problem of default on construction project cost notification file indicates the spirit of, strictly implement the lrate services sector according to the project plan to ensure. 2.4 resolutely implement State Council issued on effectively socorpo personnel. 2.3 15 days before the start of the project to the corporate services sector provides detailed workforce planning,are chosen and construction management experience, strong expertise, extensive construction experience with similar projects t salary cards, payment of wages by the laborers team leaders sign, discovery team leader was not issued in full and on time gers t worker can understand and monitor salary payments. 2.2 Summary of project construction, project manager and department manaof migrant workers, fined them 10 times. Establish oversight bodies: the monthly salary payments issued, so that every migran in arrears. And laborers team leaders, workers ' wages have signed terms of reward and punishment, each migrant worker paymen neverwages may not be appropriated for its use, according to report project progress allow workers ' wages per month and on time, guarantee system from top to bottom. Financial guarantee: to establish a special fund for workers ' wages, project workers ' ishingnt of wages of migrant workers undertaking signed on the protection of workers ' wages with the owners responsibility, establnts to ensure system: Project Manager and construction team, the teams and personal signature guarantee timely and full paymeangemeorkforce must have a certain number of technical workers. 2 2.1 establishment of workers ' wages, labor organizations and arrs to improve the treatment, ensure the necessary labor to maintain normal production. In order to ensure the quality of the weasureherever possible, machinery in order to reduce the amount of labor needed, restrict contracts through legal procedures, and mn construction labor demand up to 880 days/day, need to focus on labor guarantee. We arrange production on this issue that, whole ihedule, peaked on the 15th day of labour to the 45th day. This phase focuses on engineering subgrade earthwork, drainage, mansaid today it will mop up to 2,100. About the project, total said today it will need 92,600. According to the construction scdays, uling and measure 1, labour demand: calculated according to the schedule of the project, preparation takes about 2,400 labor astewater discharge control: emissions of wastewater discharged into the sedimentation tank in the second ... BA, labor scheduce dust. 4.4 measures to prevent water pollution: 4.4.1 mixing wsuch as open storage should be tightly covered, transportation and shipment to prevent the impurity of flying in order to red 2 security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) 二、设计(研究)内容和要求 本课题主要是塑料成型件的设计，也就是塑料模的工艺及确定 工艺计算，模具结构设计计算等内容。生产为了提高生产效率，因此在设计时 要求力求结构简单，但是一定要保证其精度要求。 本设计的要求如下: 1(绘制出完整的装配图一张; 2(绘制出主要零件工件图至少四张; 3(编写设计说明书一份; 4(培养和训练设计能力(包括实际动手能力、查阅文献与撰写论文能力); 5(严格按照设计要求去做，力求数据准确，结构合理，并在保证要求的 前提下，力求结构简单。 security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) 指导教师(签字) 年 月 日 审题小组组长(签字) 年 月 日 天津大学本科生毕业设计(论文)开题 课题名称 塑料端盖的模具设计 学院名称 机械工程学院 专业名称 模具设计与制造 学生姓名 杨秀超 指导教师 常林枫 nd positive security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the proof body combat operations, a-and rain-open pit operation should be set up[document 2004]54 on the issuance of the notice, commitment not to workers ongestlving the problem of default on construction project cost notification file indicates the spirit of, strictly implement the lrate services sector according to the project plan to ensure. 2.4 resolutely implement State Council issued on effectively socorpo personnel. 2.3 15 days before the start of the project to the corporate services sector provides detailed workforce planning,are chosen and construction management experience, strong expertise, extensive construction experience with similar projects n construction labor demand up to 880 days/day, need to focus on labor guarantee. We arrange production on this issue that, wgers t worker can understand and monitor salary payments. 2.2 Summary of project construction, project manager and department manaof migrant workers, fined them 10 times. Establish oversight bodies: the monthly salary payments issued, so that every migran wagest salary cards, payment of wages by the laborers team leaders sign, discovery team leader was not issued in full and on time in arrears. And laborers team leaders, workers ' wages have signed terms of reward and punishment, each migrant worker paymen neverwages may not be appropriated for its use, according to report project progress allow workers ' wages per month and on time, hole iguarantee system from top to bottom. Financial guarantee: to establish a special fund for workers ' wages, project workers ' ishingnt of wages of migrant workers undertaking signed on the protection of workers ' wages with the owners responsibility, establnts to ensure system: Project Manager and construction team, the teams and personal signature guarantee timely and full paymeangemeorkforce must have a certain number of technical workers. 2 2.1 establishment of workers ' wages, labor organizations and arrs to improve the treatment, ensure the necessary labor to maintain normal production. In order to ensure the quality of the weasureherever possible, machinery in order to reduce the amount of labor needed, restrict contracts through legal procedures, and mhedule, peaked on the 15th day of labour to the 45th day. This phase focuses on engineering subgrade earthwork, drainage, mansaid today it will mop up to 2,100. About the project, total said today it will need 92,600. According to the construction scdays, uling and measure 1, labour demand: calculated according to the schedule of the project, preparation takes about 2,400 labor astewater discharge control: emissions of wastewater discharged into the sedimentation tank in the second ... BA, labor scheduce dust. 4.4 measures to prevent water pollution: 4.4.1 mixing wsuch as open storage should be tightly covered, transportation and shipment to prevent the impurity of flying in order to red 4 security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) 一、课题的来源、目的和意义、国内外现状及水平 1(课题来源: 塑料模具设计指导——塑料端盖 2(目的和意义: 随着社会的发展，人类生活水平的提高。人们对塑料产品的要求日益增高，不但应有要求的效果，还应有美观大方的外表。设计和制造者都应以人为本，创造人类的视听梦想。 塑料产品的材料主要来自塑料，即大部份的塑件都是以注塑模的制造。，因此，注塑模在塑料产品业中显得相当重要。 由于塑料产品应用前景可观，更新换代较快，也就要求注塑模也应跟上时代发展的步伐。 3(国内外现状及水平 国内的塑料制品行业在近年有了明显的提高，从而也带动了注塑模的迅速发展，但是与国际水平却相差很远，主要缺陷明显的表现在精度不高，技术含量底、复杂程度底等缺点。严重的阻碍着国内塑料制品业的发展。设计出好的产品却无法做出是我模具业最大的不足。因此，注重科技含量，借签了国外的先进理论技术则尤为重要。 security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) 二、课题研究的主要内容、准备采取的措施 1(课题研究的主要内容: 本课题主要是塑料成型的工艺设计及制造，也就是注塑模的工艺设计方案分析及确定工艺计算，模具结构设计计算等内容。生产主要是为了提高生产效率，因此在设计是要力求结构简单，但是一定要保证其精度要求。 2(准备采取的措施: 先对塑件进行结构分析，确定型腔的布局，从各方面考虑其结构布局，我也多次到成型部门进行现场模具制造学习，积累了生产实际经验，了解本课题一些相关技术要求及注意事项。 选题是否合适: 是? 否? 课题能否实现: 能? 不能? 指导教师(签字) 年 月 日 选题是否合适: 是? 否? 课题能否实现: 能? 不能? 审题小组组长(签字) 年 月 日 nd positive security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the proof body combat operations, a-and rain-open pit operation should be set up[document 2004]54 on the issuance of the notice, commitment not to workerseasure ongestlving the problem of default on construction project cost notification file indicates the spirit of, strictly implement the lrate services sector according to the project plan to ensure. 2.4 resolutely implement State Council issued on effectively socorpo personnel. 2.3 15 days before the start of the project to the corporate services sector provides detailed workforce planning,are chosen and construction management experience, strong expertise, extensive construction experience with similar projects herever possible, machinery in order to reduce the amount of labor needed, restrict contracts through legal procedures, and mgers t worker can understand and monitor salary payments. 2.2 Summary of project construction, project manager and department manaof migrant workers, fined them 10 times. Establish oversight bodies: the monthly salary payments issued, so that every migran wagest salary cards, payment of wages by the laborers team leaders sign, discovery team leader was not issued in full and on time in arrears. And laborers team leaders, workers ' wages have signed terms of reward and punishment, each migrant worker paymen nevern construction labor demand up to 880 days/day, need to focus on labor guarantee. We arrange production on this issue that, wwages may not be appropriated for its use, according to report project progress allow workers ' wages per month and on time, guarantee system from top to bottom. Financial guarantee: to establish a special fund for workers ' wages, project workers ' ishingnt of wages of migrant workers undertaking signed on the protection of workers ' wages with the owners responsibility, establnts to ensure system: Project Manager and construction team, the teams and personal signature guarantee timely and full paymeangemeorkforce must have a certain number of technical workers. 2 2.1 establishment of workers ' wages, labor organizations and arrs to improve the treatment, ensure the necessary labor to maintain normal production. In order to ensure the quality of the whole ihedule, peaked on the 15th day of labour to the 45th day. This phase focuses on engineering subgrade earthwork, drainage, mansaid today it will mop up to 2,100. About the project, total said today it will need 92,600. According to the construction scdays, uling and measure 1, labour demand: calculated according to the schedule of the project, preparation takes about 2,400 labor astewater discharge control: emissions of wastewater discharged into the sedimentation tank in the second ... BA, labor scheduce dust. 4.4 measures to prevent water pollution: 4.4.1 mixing wsuch as open storage should be tightly covered, transportation and shipment to prevent the impurity of flying in order to red 6 security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) 摘要 塑料制品已在工业，农业，国防和日常生活中的方面得到广泛应用。特别是在电子业中则为突出。电子产品的外客大部分是塑料制品，产品性能的提高要求高素质的塑料模具和塑料性能。成型工艺和制品的设计。 塑料制品的成型方法很多。其主要用于是注射，挤出，压制，压铸和气压成型等和气压成型等。而注射模，挤出约占成型总数的60%以上。注射成型分为加料，熔融塑料，注射制件冷却和制件脱模等五个步骤。当然如利用电气控制，可实现半自动化或自动化作业。 塑料注射模主要用于热塑料制品的成型，已成功的用于成型热固塑性塑料制品，它是塑料制品生产中十分重要的工艺装置。注射模的基本组成是:定模机构、动模机构、浇注系统、导向装置、顶出机构、芯机构、冷却和加热装置、排气系统。 因注射模成型的广泛适用，正是我这个设计的根本出发点。 关键词:塑料制品;塑料注射模;注射;挤出;压制;压铸; 气压成型 security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) nd positive security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the proof body combat operations, a-and rain-open pit operation should be set up[document 2004]54 on the issuance of the notice, commitment not to workerss to improve the treatment, ensure the necessary labor to maintain normal production. In order to ensure the quality of the w ongestlving the problem of default on construction project cost notification file indicates the spirit of, strictly implement the lrate services sector according to the project plan to ensure. 2.4 resolutely implement State Council issued on effectively socorpo personnel. 2.3 15 days before the start of the project to the corporate services sector provides detailed workforce planning,are chosen and construction management experience, strong expertise, extensive construction experience with similar projects gers easuret worker can understand and monitor salary payments. 2.2 Summary of project construction, project manager and department manaof migrant workers, fined them 10 times. Establish oversight bodies: the monthly salary payments issued, so that every migran wagest salary cards, payment of wages by the laborers team leaders sign, discovery team leader was not issued in full and on time in arrears. And laborers team leaders, workers ' wages have signed terms of reward and punishment, each migrant worker paymen neverwages may not be appropriated for its use, according to report project progress allow workers ' wages per month and on time, guarantee system from top to bottom. Financial guarantee: to establish a special fund for workers ' wages, project workers ' herever possible, machinery in order to reduce the amount of labor needed, restrict contracts through legal procedures, and m ishingnt of wages of migrant workers undertaking signed on the protection of workers ' wages with the owners responsibility, establnts to ensure system: Project Manager and construction team, the teams and personal signature guarantee timely and full paymeangemeorkforce must have a certain number of technical workers. 2 2.1 establishment of workers ' wages, labor organizations and arrn construction labor demand up to 880 days/day, need to focus on labor guarantee. We arrange production on this issue that, whole ihedule, peaked on the 15th day of labour to the 45th day. This phase focuses on engineering subgrade earthwork, drainage, mansaid today it will mop up to 2,100. About the project, total said today it will need 92,600. According to the construction scdays, uling and measure 1, labour demand: calculated according to the schedule of the project, preparation takes about 2,400 labor astewater discharge control: emissions of wastewater discharged into the sedimentation tank in the second ... BA, labor scheduce dust. 4.4 measures to prevent water pollution: 4.4.1 mixing wsuch as open storage should be tightly covered, transportation and shipment to prevent the impurity of flying in order to red 8 security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) 目录 第一章前言 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 1 1.1模具工业在国民经济中的地位„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 1 1.2各种模具的分类和占有量„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 2 1.3我国模具工业的现状„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 3 第二章塑料的工艺分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4 2.1塑件成型工艺性分析 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4 2.2原料(ABS)的成型特性和工艺参数 „„„„„„„„„„„„ 4 2.2.1ABS塑料主要的性能指标 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 4 2.2.2ABS的注射成型工艺参数„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„5 第三章注塑设备的选择„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„6 3.1注射成型工艺条件„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 6 3.1.1模具所需塑料熔体注射量„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 6 3.1.2分型面上的投影面积及所需锁模力„„„„„„„„„„„ 6 3.2选择注射机„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 6 3.3模架的选定„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 6 3.4注射机的校核„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 7 3.4.1最大注射量的校核„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 7 3.4.2锁模力校核„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 7 3.4.3模具与注射机安装部分相关尺寸校核„„„„„„„„„„ 8 第四章型腔布局与分型面设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„9 4.1型腔布局 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„9 4.2分型面的设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 9 第五章浇注系统的设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 11 5.1主流道的设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„11 5.2主流道衬套的固定„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„11 5.3分流道的设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„12 5.4浇口的设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„13 5.4.1浇口的选用„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„13 5.4.2浇口位置的选用„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„13 5.4.3浇注系统的平衡„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„13 5.4.4排气的设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„14 nd positive security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the proof body combat operations, a-and rain-open pit operation should be set upnt of wages of migrant workers undertaking signed on the protection of workers ' wages with the owners responsibility, establnts to ensure system: Project Manager and construction team, the teams and personal signature guarantee timely and full paymeangemeorkforce must have a certain number of technical workers. 2 2.1 establishment of workers ' wages, labor organizations and arrs to improve the treatment, ensure the necessary labor to maintain normal production. In order to ensure the quality of the weasureherever possible, machinery in order to reduce the amount of labor needed, restrict contracts through legal procedures, and mn construction labor demand up to 880 days/day, need to focus on labor guarantee. We arrange production on this issue that, whole ihedule, peaked on the 15th day of labour to the 45th day. This phase focuses on engineering subgrade earthwork, drainage, mansaid today it will mop up to 2,100. About the project, total said today it will need 92,600. According to the construction scdays, uling and measure 1, labour demand: calculated according to the schedule of the project, preparation takes about 2,400 labor astewater discharge control: emissions of wastewater discharged into the sedimentation tank in the second ... BA, labor scheduce dust. 4.4 measures to prevent water pollution: 4.4.1 mixing wsuch as open storage should be tightly covered, transportation and shipment to prevent the impurity of flying in order to red [document 2004]54 on the issuance of the notice, commitment not to workers ongestlving the problem of default on construction project cost notification file indicates the spirit of, strictly implement the lrate services sector according to the project plan to ensure. 2.4 resolutely implement State Council issued on effectively socorpo personnel. 2.3 15 days before the start of the project to the corporate services sector provides detailed workforce planning,are chosen and construction management experience, strong expertise, extensive construction experience with similar projects gers t worker can understand and monitor salary payments. 2.2 Summary of project construction, project manager and department manaof migrant workers, fined them 10 times. Establish oversight bodies: the monthly salary payments issued, so that every migran wagest salary cards, payment of wages by the laborers team leaders sign, discovery team leader was not issued in full and on time in arrears. And laborers team leaders, workers ' wages have signed terms of reward and punishment, each migrant worker paymen neverwages may not be appropriated for its use, according to report project progress allow workers ' wages per month and on time, guarantee system from top to bottom. Financial guarantee: to establish a special fund for workers ' wages, project workers ' ishing 0 security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) 第六章成型零件的设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 15 6.1成型零件的结构设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„15 6.1.1凹模结构设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„15 6.1.2型芯结构设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„16 6.2成型零件工作尺寸计算„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„16 6.2.1外形尺寸„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„17 6.2.2内腔尺寸„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„17 第七章合模导向机构的设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 19 7.1导柱结构„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„19 7.2导套结构„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„20 第八章脱模机构的设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 21 8.1脱模机构的总体原则„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„21 8.2推杆设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„21 8.2.1推杆的形状„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„21 8.2.2推杆的位置和布局„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„21 8.3推件板设计的要点„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„22 第九章温度调节系统的设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 23 9.1模具冷却系统的设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„23 9.2模具加热系统的设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„24 第十章模具的装配„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 25 10.1模具的装配顺序„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 25 10.2开模过程分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 26 参考文献„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 27 外文资料 中文译文 致谢 1 security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) 第一章前言 光阴似梭，大学二年的学习一晃而过，为具体的检验这二年来的学习效果，综合检测理论在实际应用中的能力，除了平时的考试、实验测试外，更重要的是理论联系实际，即此次设计的课题为塑料端盖的注塑模具。 本次毕业设计课题来源于生活，应用广泛，但成型难度大，模具结构较为复杂，对模具工作人员是一个很好的考验。它能加强对塑料模具成型原理的理解，同时锻炼对塑料成型模具的设计和制造能力。 本次设计以注射塑料端盖模具为主线，综合了成型工艺分析，模具结构设计，最后到模具零件的加工方法，模具总的装配等一系列模具生产的所有过程。能很好的学习致用的效果。在设计该模具的同时总结了以往模具设计的一般方法、步骤，模具设计中常用的公式、数据、模具结构及零部件。把以前学过的基础课程融汇到综合应用本次设计当中来，所谓学以致用。在设计中除使用传统方法外，同时引用了CAD、Pro/E等技术，使用Office软件，力求达到减小劳动强度，提高工作效率的目的。 本次设计中得到了常林枫老师的指点，同时也非常感谢机械学院各位老师的精心教诲。 由于实际经验和理论技术有限，设计的错误和不足之处在所难免，希望各位老师批评指正。 1.1模具在加工工业中的地位 模具是利用其特定形状去成型具有一定的形状和尺寸制品的工具。在各种材料加工工业中广泛的使用着各种模具。例如金属铸造成型使用的砂型或压铸模具、金属压力加工使用的锻压模具、冷压模具等各种模具。 对模具的全面要求是:能生产出在尺寸精度、外观、物理性能等各方面都满足使用要求的公有制制品。以模具使用的角度，要求高效率、自动化操作简便;从模具制造的角度，要求结构合理、制造容易、成本低廉。 模具影响着制品的质量。首先，模具型腔的形状、尺寸、表面光洁度、分型面、进浇口和排气槽位置以及脱模方式等对制件的尺寸精度和形状精度以及制件的物理性能、机械性能、电性能、内应力大小、各向同性性、外观质量、表面光洁度、气泡、凹痕、烧焦、银纹等都有十分重要的影响。其次，在加工过程中，模具结构对操作难以程度影响很大。在大批量生产塑料制品时，应尽量减少开模、 nd positive security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the proof body combat operations, a-and rain-open pit operation should be set up[document 2004]54 on the issuance of the notice, commitment not to workersof migrant workers, fined them 10 times. Establish oversight bodies: the monthly salary payments issued, so that every migran ongestlving the problem of default on construction project cost notification file indicates the spirit of, strictly implement the lrate services sector according to the project plan to ensure. 2.4 resolutely implement State Council issued on effectively socorpo personnel. 2.3 15 days before the start of the project to the corporate services sector provides detailed workforce planning,are chosen and construction management experience, strong expertise, extensive construction experience with similar projects gers t worker can understand and monitor salary payments. 2.2 Summary of project construction, project manager and department manawagest salary cards, payment of wages by the laborers team leaders sign, discovery team leader was not issued in full and on time in arrears. And laborers team leaders, workers ' wages have signed terms of reward and punishment, each migrant worker paymen neverwages may not be appropriated for its use, according to report project progress allow workers ' wages per month and on time, guarantee system from top to bottom. Financial guarantee: to establish a special fund for workers ' wages, project workers ' ishingnt of wages of migrant workers undertaking signed on the protection of workers ' wages with the owners responsibility, establnts to ensure system: Project Manager and construction team, the teams and personal signature guarantee timely and full paymeangemeorkforce must have a certain number of technical workers. 2 2.1 establishment of workers ' wages, labor organizations and arrs to improve the treatment, ensure the necessary labor to maintain normal production. In order to ensure the quality of the weasureherever possible, machinery in order to reduce the amount of labor needed, restrict contracts through legal procedures, and mn construction labor demand up to 880 days/day, need to focus on labor guarantee. We arrange production on this issue that, whole ihedule, peaked on the 15th day of labour to the 45th day. This phase focuses on engineering subgrade earthwork, drainage, mansaid today it will mop up to 2,100. About the project, total said today it will need 92,600. According to the construction scdays, uling and measure 1, labour demand: calculated according to the schedule of the project, preparation takes about 2,400 labor astewater discharge control: emissions of wastewater discharged into the sedimentation tank in the second ... BA, labor scheduce dust. 4.4 measures to prevent water pollution: 4.4.1 mixing wsuch as open storage should be tightly covered, transportation and shipment to prevent the impurity of flying in order to red 0 天津大学2006届高自考本科生毕业设计(论文) 合模的过程和取制件过程中的手工劳动，为此，常采用自动开合模自动顶出机构，在全自动生产时还要保证制品能自动从模具中脱落。另外模具对制品的成本也有影响。当批量不大时，模具的费用在制件上的成本所占的比例将会很大，这时应尽可能的采用结构合理而简单的模具，以降低成本。 现代生产中，合理的加工工艺、高效的设备、先进的模具是必不可少是三项重要因素，尤其是模具对实现材料加工工艺要求、塑料制件的使用要求和造型设计起着重要的作用。高效的全自动设备也只有装上能自动化生产的模具才有可能发挥其作用，产品的生产和更新都是以模具的制造和更新为前提的。由于制件品种和产量需求很大，对模具也提出了越来越高的要求。因此促进模具的不断向前发展。 1.2模具的发展趋势 近年来，模具增长十分迅速，高效率、自动化、大型、微型、精密、高寿命的模具在整个模具产量中所占的比重越来越大。从模具设计和制造角度来看，模具的发展趋势可分为以下几个方面: (1) 加深理论研究 在模具设计中，对工艺原理的研究越来越深入，模具设计已经有经验设计阶段逐渐向理论技术设计各方面发展，使得产品的产量和质量都得到很大的提高。 (2) 高效率、自动化 大量采用各种高效率、自动化的模具结构。高速自动化的成型机械配合以先进的模具，对提高产品质量，提高生产率，降低成本起了很大的作用。 (3) 大型、超小型及高精度 由于产品应用的扩大，于是出现了各种大型、精密和高寿命的成型模具，为了满足这些要求，研制了各种高强度、高硬度、高耐磨性能且易加工、热处理变形小、导热性优异的制模材料。 (4) 革新模具制造工艺 在模具制造工艺上，为缩短模具的制造周期，减少钳工的工作量，在模具加工工艺上作了很大的改进，特别是异形型腔的加工，采用了各种先进的机床，这不仅大大提高了机械加工的比重，而且提高了加工精度。 (5) 标准化 开展标准化工作，不仅大大提高了生产模具的效率，而且改善了质量，降低了成本。 1 security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) 1.3设计在学习模具制造中的作用 通过对模具专业的学习，掌握了常用材料在各种成型过程中对模具的工艺要求，各种模具的结构特点及设计计算的方法，以达到能够独立设计一般模具的要求。在模具制造方面，掌握一般机械加工的知识，塑料材料的选择和热处理，了解模具结构的特点，根据不同情况选用模具加工新工艺。 毕业设计能够对以上各方面的要求加以灵活运用，综合检验大学期间所学的知识。 nd positive security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the proof body combat operations, a-and rain-open pit operation should be set up[document 2004]54 on the issuance of the notice, commitment not to workersin arrears. And laborers team leaders, workers ' wages have signed terms of reward and punishment, each migrant worker paymen ongestlving the problem of default on construction project cost notification file indicates the spirit of, strictly implement the lrate services sector according to the project plan to ensure. 2.4 resolutely implement State Council issued on effectively socorpo personnel. 2.3 15 days before the start of the project to the corporate services sector provides detailed workforce planning,are chosen and construction management experience, strong expertise, extensive construction experience with similar projects gers t worker can understand and monitor salary payments. 2.2 Summary of project construction, project manager and department manaof migrant workers, fined them 10 times. Establish oversight bodies: the monthly salary payments issued, so that every migran wagest salary cards, payment of wages by the laborers team leaders sign, discovery team leader was not issued in full and on time neverwages may not be appropriated for its use, according to report project progress allow workers ' wages per month and on time, guarantee system from top to bottom. Financial guarantee: to establish a special fund for workers ' wages, project workers ' ishingnt of wages of migrant workers undertaking signed on the protection of workers ' wages with the owners responsibility, establnts to ensure system: Project Manager and construction team, the teams and personal signature guarantee timely and full paymeangemeorkforce must have a certain number of technical workers. 2 2.1 establishment of workers ' wages, labor organizations and arrs to improve the treatment, ensure the necessary labor to maintain normal production. In order to ensure the quality of the weasureherever possible, machinery in order to reduce the amount of labor needed, restrict contracts through legal procedures, and mn construction labor demand up to 880 days/day, need to focus on labor guarantee. We arrange production on this issue that, whole ihedule, peaked on the 15th day of labour to the 45th day. This phase focuses on engineering subgrade earthwork, drainage, mansaid today it will mop up to 2,100. About the project, total said today it will need 92,600. According to the construction scdays, uling and measure 1, labour demand: calculated according to the schedule of the project, preparation takes about 2,400 labor astewater discharge control: emissions of wastewater discharged into the sedimentation tank in the second ... BA, labor scheduce dust. 4.4 measures to prevent water pollution: 4.4.1 mixing wsuch as open storage should be tightly covered, transportation and shipment to prevent the impurity of flying in order to red 2 天津大学2006届高自考本科生毕业设计(论文) 第二章塑料的工艺分析 2.1塑件元件图及技术要求 图1-1塑料端盖 技术要求:1.壁厚均匀;2.塑件不可以有裂纹和变形缺陷;3.脱模斜度3′,1º;4.未注圆角R1,R2。 2.2原料(ABS)的成型特性和工艺参数 丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物ABS树脂微黄色或白色不透明，是丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物。丙烯腈使聚合物耐油，耐热，耐化学腐蚀，丁二烯使聚合物具有优越的柔性，韧性;苯乙烯赋予聚合物良好的刚性和加工流动性。因此ABS树脂具有突出的力学性能和良好的综合性能。同时具有吸湿性强，但原料要干燥，它的塑件尺寸稳定性好，塑件尽可能偏大的脱模斜度。 2.2.1ABS塑料主要的性能指标 3密度 (g/ cm) 1.03——1.05 收缩率 % 0.3~0.8 熔 点 ? 130~160 热变形温度 45N/cm 65~98 弯曲强度 Mpa 80 3 security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) 拉伸强度 MPa 35~49 拉伸弹性模量 GPa 1.8 弯曲弹性模量 Gpa 1.4 压缩强度 Mpa 18~39 缺口冲击强度 kJ/? 11~20 硬 度 HR R62~86 体积电阻系数 Ωcm 1013 击穿电压 Kv.mm-1 15 介电常数 60Hz 3.7 2.2.2ABS的注射成型工艺参数 注塑机类型 螺杆式 喷嘴形式 通用式 计算收缩率 , 0.3——0.8 预热温度 ? 80——85 时间 h 2——3 料筒后段 ? 150——170 料筒中段 ? 165——180 料筒前段 ? 180——200 喷嘴温度 ? 170——180 模具温度 ? 50——80 注塑压 MPa 60——100 保压 MPa 40——60 注塑时间 S 20——90 高压时间 S 0——5 冷却时间 S 20——120 周期 S 50——220 螺杆转速 r/min 30 后处理 红外线烘灯鼓风烘箱 温度 ? 70 时间 S 2——4 nd positive security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the proof body combat operations, a-and rain-open pit operation should be set up[document 2004]54 on the issuance of the notice, commitment not to workers ongestlving the problem of default on construction project cost notification file indicates the spirit of, strictly implement the lrate services sector according to the project plan to ensure. 2.4 resolutely implement State Council issued on effectively socorpo personnel. 2.3 15 days before the start of the project to the corporate services sector provides detailed workforce planning,are chosen and construction management experience, strong expertise, extensive construction experience with similar projects gers t worker can understand and monitor salary payments. 2.2 Summary of project construction, project manager and department manaof migrant workers, fined them 10 times. Establish oversight bodies: the monthly salary payments issued, so that every migran wagest salary cards, payment of wages by the laborers team leaders sign, discovery team leader was not issued in full and on time in arrears. And laborers team leaders, workers ' wages have signed terms of reward and punishment, each migrant worker paymen neverwages may not be appropriated for its use, according to report project progress allow workers ' wages per month and on time, guarantee system from top to bottom. Financial guarantee: to establish a special fund for workers ' wages, project workers ' ishingnt of wages of migrant workers undertaking signed on the protection of workers ' wages with the owners responsibility, establnts to ensure system: Project Manager and construction team, the teams and personal signature guarantee timely and full paymeangemeorkforce must have a certain number of technical workers. 2 2.1 establishment of workers ' wages, labor organizations and arrs to improve the treatment, ensure the necessary labor to maintain normal production. In order to ensure the quality of the weasureherever possible, machinery in order to reduce the amount of labor needed, restrict contracts through legal procedures, and mn construction labor demand up to 880 days/day, need to focus on labor guarantee. We arrange production on this issue that, whole ihedule, peaked on the 15th day of labour to the 45th day. This phase focuses on engineering subgrade earthwork, drainage, mansaid today it will mop up to 2,100. About the project, total said today it will need 92,600. According to the construction scdays, uling and measure 1, labour demand: calculated according to the schedule of the project, preparation takes about 2,400 labor astewater discharge control: emissions of wastewater discharged into the sedimentation tank in the second ... BA, labor scheduce dust. 4.4 measures to prevent water pollution: 4.4.1 mixing wsuch as open storage should be tightly covered, transportation and shipment to prevent the impurity of flying in order to red 4 天津大学2006届高自考本科生毕业设计(论文) 第三章注塑设备的选择 3.1注射成型工艺条件 3.1.1模具所需塑料熔体注射量 该产品材料为ABS，查书本得知其密度为1.03-1.05g/m?，收缩率为0.3%-0.8%，计算其平均密度为1.04 g/m?，平均收缩率为0.55,。 一幅模具所需塑料的体积: V= n V + V=1.6nV=166 cm? 12 1 式中V——单个塑件的体积; 1 V——浇注系统的体积(在学校设计时V=0.6 nV); 221 n——初步设定的型腔数量(取4)。 质量M=ρV=43.2g。 3.1.2分型面上的投影面积及所需锁模力 塑件和流道凝料在分型面上的投影面积: 2A= n A + A=1.35nA=306.3cm 12 1 式中A——单个塑件在分型面上的投影面积; 1 A——流道凝料在分型面上的投影面积。 2 所需锁模力: F=(n A + A) P=1072.05KN m12型 式中P——塑料熔体对型腔的平均压力(取35MPa)。 型 3.2选择注射机 根据塑料制品的体积或质量，查书可选定注塑机型号为SZ-500/200。 3.3模架的选定 根据塑件选定模架为:S2030—B—I—35—35—70。见图3.1: 图3-1塑件模架 5 security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) 3.4注射机的校核 3.4.1最大注射量的校核 注塑机的最大注塑量应大于制品的质量或体积(包括流道及浇口凝料和飞边)，通常注塑机的实际注塑量最好是注塑机的最大注塑量的80%。所以选用的注塑机最大注塑量应满足: 0.8 V? V，V 机 塑浇 3式中V——注塑机的最大注塑量，416cm 机 3 V——塑件的体积，该产品V,83cm 塑塑 3 V——浇注系统体积，该产品V,50cm浇浇 3 故 V?166cm机 3选定的注塑机的注射容积为179cm，满足要求。 3.4.2锁模力校核 锁模力是指注射机的锁模机构对模具所施加的最大夹紧力。当高压的塑料熔体充满型腔时，会沿锁模力方向产生一个很大的帐型力。因此，注射机的锁模力必须大于该模的帐型力，即 F?kAP 0塑 nd positive security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the proof body combat operations, a-and rain-open pit operation should be set up[document 2004]54 on the issuance of the notice, commitment not to workerseasure ongestlving the problem of default on construction project cost notification file indicates the spirit of, strictly implement the lrate services sector according to the project plan to ensure. 2.4 resolutely implement State Council issued on effectively socorpo personnel. 2.3 15 days before the start of the project to the corporate services sector provides detailed workforce planning,are chosen and construction management experience, strong expertise, extensive construction experience with similar projects herever possible, machinery in order to reduce the amount of labor needed, restrict contracts through legal procedures, and mgers t worker can understand and monitor salary payments. 2.2 Summary of project construction, project manager and department manaof migrant workers, fined them 10 times. Establish oversight bodies: the monthly salary payments issued, so that every migran wagest salary cards, payment of wages by the laborers team leaders sign, discovery team leader was not issued in full and on time in arrears. And laborers team leaders, workers ' wages have signed terms of reward and punishment, each migrant worker paymen nevern construction labor demand up to 880 days/day, need to focus on labor guarantee. We arrange production on this issue that, wwages may not be appropriated for its use, according to report project progress allow workers ' wages per month and on time, guarantee system from top to bottom. Financial guarantee: to establish a special fund for workers ' wages, project workers ' ishingnt of wages of migrant workers undertaking signed on the protection of workers ' wages with the owners responsibility, establnts to ensure system: Project Manager and construction team, the teams and personal signature guarantee timely and full paymeangemeorkforce must have a certain number of technical workers. 2 2.1 establishment of workers ' wages, labor organizations and arrs to improve the treatment, ensure the necessary labor to maintain normal production. In order to ensure the quality of the whole ihedule, peaked on the 15th day of labour to the 45th day. This phase focuses on engineering subgrade earthwork, drainage, mansaid today it will mop up to 2,100. About the project, total said today it will need 92,600. According to the construction scdays, uling and measure 1, labour demand: calculated according to the schedule of the project, preparation takes about 2,400 labor astewater discharge control: emissions of wastewater discharged into the sedimentation tank in the second ... BA, labor scheduce dust. 4.4 measures to prevent water pollution: 4.4.1 mixing wsuch as open storage should be tightly covered, transportation and shipment to prevent the impurity of flying in order to red 6 天津大学2006届高自考本科生毕业设计(论文) 式中P——型腔的平均压力; 塑 k——锁模力安全系数，一般取k,1.1~1.2，本设计取1.2; 0 0 F——注塑机的额定锁模力。 故F?kAP,1286.46KN， 0塑 选定的注塑机的压力为2000KN，满足要求。 3.4.3模具与注射机安装部分相关尺寸校核 A 模具闭合高度长宽尺寸要与注塑机模板尺寸和拉杆间距相合适 模具长×模具宽<拉杆面积 B模具闭合高度校核 H——注塑机允许最小模厚=130mm min H——注塑机允许最大模厚=220mm max ——模具闭合高度=180mm H 故满足H,H,H maxmin。 (1) 开模行程校核 注塑机的最大行程与模具厚度有关(如全液压合模机构的注塑机)，故注塑 机的开模行程应满足下式: S————注塑机最大开模行程，230mm; 机 H———顶出距离，16mm; 1 H————包括浇注系统在内的塑件高度，52mm; 2 S,(H,H),H，H，(5,10) 机模min12 因为本模具的浇注系统和塑件的特殊关系，浇注系统和塑件的高度就已经包 括了顶出距离。 故: 230,(180,130),62，(5,10) 满足条件。 7 security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) 第四章型腔布局与分型面设计 4.1型腔的布局 考虑到模具成型零件和抽芯结构以及出模方式的设计，模具的型腔排列方式如图4-1所示: 图3-1型腔图 4.2分型面的设计 分型面位置选择的总体原则，是能保证塑件的质量、便于塑件脱模及简化模具的结构，分型面受到塑件在模具中的成型位置、浇注系统设计、塑件的结构工艺性及精度、嵌件位置形状以及推出方法、模具的制造、排气、操作工艺等多种因素的影响，因此在选择分型面时应综合分析比较具体可以从以下方面进行选择。 1.分型面应选在塑件外形最大轮廓处。 2.便于塑件顺利脱模，尽量使塑件开模时留在动模一边。 3.保证塑件的精度要求。 4.满足塑件的外观质量要求。 5.便于模具加工制造。 nd positive security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the proof body combat operations, a-and rain-open pit operation should be set up[document 2004]54 on the issuance of the notice, commitment not to workerswages ongestlving the problem of default on construction project cost notification file indicates the spirit of, strictly implement the lrate services sector according to the project plan to ensure. 2.4 resolutely implement State Council issued on effectively socorpo personnel. 2.3 15 days before the start of the project to the corporate services sector provides detailed workforce planning,are chosen and construction management experience, strong expertise, extensive construction experience with similar projects t salary cards, payment of wages by the laborers team leaders sign, discovery team leader was not issued in full and on time gers t worker can understand and monitor salary payments. 2.2 Summary of project construction, project manager and department manaof migrant workers, fined them 10 times. Establish oversight bodies: the monthly salary payments issued, so that every migran in arrears. And laborers team leaders, workers ' wages have signed terms of reward and punishment, each migrant worker paymen neverwages may not be appropriated for its use, according to report project progress allow workers ' wages per month and on time, guarantee system from top to bottom. Financial guarantee: to establish a special fund for workers ' wages, project workers ' ishingnt of wages of migrant workers undertaking signed on the protection of workers ' wages with the owners responsibility, establnts to ensure system: Project Manager and construction team, the teams and personal signature guarantee timely and full paymeangemeorkforce must have a certain number of technical workers. 2 2.1 establishment of workers ' wages, labor organizations and arrs to improve the treatment, ensure the necessary labor to maintain normal production. In order to ensure the quality of the weasureherever possible, machinery in order to reduce the amount of labor needed, restrict contracts through legal procedures, and mn construction labor demand up to 880 days/day, need to focus on labor guarantee. We arrange production on this issue that, whole ihedule, peaked on the 15th day of labour to the 45th day. This phase focuses on engineering subgrade earthwork, drainage, mansaid today it will mop up to 2,100. About the project, total said today it will need 92,600. According to the construction scdays, uling and measure 1, labour demand: calculated according to the schedule of the project, preparation takes about 2,400 labor astewater discharge control: emissions of wastewater discharged into the sedimentation tank in the second ... BA, labor scheduce dust. 4.4 measures to prevent water pollution: 4.4.1 mixing wsuch as open storage should be tightly covered, transportation and shipment to prevent the impurity of flying in order to red 8 天津大学2006届高自考本科生毕业设计(论文) 6.对成型面积的影响。 7.对排气效果的影响。 8.对侧向抽芯的影响。 图4-2塑件分型面 9 security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) 第五章浇注系统的设计 5.1主流道的设计 主流道是一端与注射机喷嘴相接触，可看作是喷嘴的通道在模具中的延续，另一端与分流道相连的一段带有锥度的流动通道。形状结构如图5-1所示，其设计要点: 图5-1主流道结构 主流道设计成圆锥形，其锥角可取2?~6?，流道壁表面粗糙度取Ra=0.631. μm，且加工时应沿道轴向抛光。 2.主流道前端凹坑球面半径R2比注射机的喷嘴球半径R1大1~2 mm;球面凹坑深度3~5mm;主流道始端入口直径d比注射机的喷嘴孔直径大0.5~1mm。 3.主流道末端呈圆无须过渡，圆角半径r=1~3mm。 4.主流道长度L以小于60mm为佳，最长不宜超过95mm。 5.主流道常开设在可拆卸的主流道衬套上;其材料常用T10A钢，热处理淬火后硬度53~57HRC。 5.2主流道衬套的设计 因为采用的有托唧咀，所以用定位圈配合固定在模具的面板上。定位圈也是标准件，外径为Φ150mm，内径Φ28mm。 具体固定形式如图5-2所示: 图5-2衬套结构 nd positive security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the proof body combat operations, a-and rain-open pit operation should be set up[document 2004]54 on the issuance of the notice, commitment not to workerss to improve the treatment, ensure the necessary labor to maintain normal production. In order to ensure the quality of the w ongestlving the problem of default on construction project cost notification file indicates the spirit of, strictly implement the lrate services sector according to the project plan to ensure. 2.4 resolutely implement State Council issued on effectively socorpo personnel. 2.3 15 days before the start of the project to the corporate services sector provides detailed workforce planning,are chosen and construction management experience, strong expertise, extensive construction experience with similar projects easuregers t worker can understand and monitor salary payments. 2.2 Summary of project construction, project manager and department manaof migrant workers, fined them 10 times. Establish oversight bodies: the monthly salary payments issued, so that every migran wagest salary cards, payment of wages by the laborers team leaders sign, discovery team leader was not issued in full and on time in arrears. And laborers team leaders, workers ' wages have signed terms of reward and punishment, each migrant worker paymen neverherever possible, machinery in order to reduce the amount of labor needed, restrict contracts through legal procedures, and mwages may not be appropriated for its use, according to report project progress allow workers ' wages per month and on time, guarantee system from top to bottom. Financial guarantee: to establish a special fund for workers ' wages, project workers ' ishingnt of wages of migrant workers undertaking signed on the protection of workers ' wages with the owners responsibility, establnts to ensure system: Project Manager and construction team, the teams and personal signature guarantee timely and full paymeangemeorkforce must have a certain number of technical workers. 2 2.1 establishment of workers ' wages, labor organizations and arrn construction labor demand up to 880 days/day, need to focus on labor guarantee. We arrange production on this issue that, whole ihedule, peaked on the 15th day of labour to the 45th day. This phase focuses on engineering subgrade earthwork, drainage, mansaid today it will mop up to 2,100. About the project, total said today it will need 92,600. According to the construction scdays, uling and measure 1, labour demand: calculated according to the schedule of the project, preparation takes about 2,400 labor astewater discharge control: emissions of wastewater discharged into the sedimentation tank in the second ... BA, labor scheduce dust. 4.4 measures to prevent water pollution: 4.4.1 mixing wsuch as open storage should be tightly covered, transportation and shipment to prevent the impurity of flying in order to red 10 天津大学2006届高自考本科生毕业设计(论文) 5.3分流道的设计 1.分流道是脱浇板下水平的流道。为了便于加工及凝料脱模，分流道大多设置在分型面上，分流道截面形状一般为圆形梯形U形半圆形及矩形等，工程设计中常采用梯形截面加工工艺性好，且塑料熔体的热量散失流动阻力均不大，一般采用下面的经验公式可确定其截面尺寸: 4B,0.2654m,L 2H,B3 式中 :B―梯形大底边的宽度(mm) m―塑件的重量(g) L―分流道的长度(mm) H―梯形的高度(mm) 质量大约43.2g，分流道的长度预计设计成50mm长，且有4个型腔，所以 4B,0.265443.2，2,50,6.21mm 取B为8mm 2H,，6.21 =5.333mm 取H为6mm 3 根据实践经验，我们可以选择截面直径为8mm，H=6mm。 梯形小底边宽度取6mm。另外由于使用了水口板(即我们所说的定模板和中间板之间再加的一块板)，分流道必须做成梯形截面，便于分流道和主流道凝料 11 security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) 脱模。如下图5-3所示 图5-3分流道截面图 2.分流道长度要尽可能短，且少弯折，便于注射成型过程中最经济地使用原料和注射机的能耗，减少压力损失和热量损失。将分流道设计成直的，总长100mm。 3.由于分流道中与模具接触的外层塑料迅速冷却，只有中心部位的塑料熔体的流动状态较为理想，因面分流道的内表面粗糙度Ra并不要求很低，一般取1.6μm左右既可，这样表面稍不光滑，有助于塑料熔体的外层冷却皮层固定，从而与中心部位的熔体之间产生一定的速度差，以保证熔体流动时具有适宜的剪切速率和剪切热。 本模具的流道布置形式采用平衡式, 如图5-2所示。 5.4浇口的选择 浇口亦称进料口，是连接分流道与型腔的通道，除直接浇口外，它是浇注系统中截面最小的部分，但却是浇注系统的关键部分，浇口的位置、形状及尺寸对塑件性能和质量的影响很大。 5.4.1浇口的选用 它是流道系统和型腔之间的通道,这里我们采用潜伏式浇口: 1.浇口在成形自动切数断，故有利于自动成形。 2.浇口的痕迹不明显，通常不必后加工。 3.浇口之压力损失大，必须高之射出压力。 4.浇口部份易被固化之残锱树脂堵住。 它常用于成型中、小型塑料件的一模多腔的模具中，也可用于单型腔模具或表面不允许有较大痕迹的塑件。 5.4.2浇口位置的选用 模具设计时，浇口的位置及尺寸要求比较严格，初步试模后还需进一步修改浇口尺寸，无论采用何种浇口，其开设位置对塑件成型性能及质量影响很大，因 nd positive security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the proof body combat operations, a-and rain-open pit operation should be set up[document 2004]54 on the issuance of the notice, commitment not to workersherever possible, machinery in order to reduce the amount of labor needed, restrict contracts through legal procedures, and m ongestlving the problem of default on construction project cost notification file indicates the spirit of, strictly implement the lrate services sector according to the project plan to ensure. 2.4 resolutely implement State Council issued on effectively socorpo personnel. 2.3 15 days before the start of the project to the corporate services sector provides detailed workforce planning,are chosen and construction management experience, strong expertise, extensive construction experience with similar projects n construction labor demand up to 880 days/day, need to focus on labor guarantee. We arrange production on this issue that, wgers t worker can understand and monitor salary payments. 2.2 Summary of project construction, project manager and department manaof migrant workers, fined them 10 times. Establish oversight bodies: the monthly salary payments issued, so that every migran wagest salary cards, payment of wages by the laborers team leaders sign, discovery team leader was not issued in full and on time in arrears. And laborers team leaders, workers ' wages have signed terms of reward and punishment, each migrant worker paymen neverhole iwages may not be appropriated for its use, according to report project progress allow workers ' wages per month and on time, guarantee system from top to bottom. Financial guarantee: to establish a special fund for workers ' wages, project workers ' ishingnt of wages of migrant workers undertaking signed on the protection of workers ' wages with the owners responsibility, establnts to ensure system: Project Manager and construction team, the teams and personal signature guarantee timely and full paymeangemeorkforce must have a certain number of technical workers. 2 2.1 establishment of workers ' wages, labor organizations and arrs to improve the treatment, ensure the necessary labor to maintain normal production. In order to ensure the quality of the weasurehedule, peaked on the 15th day of labour to the 45th day. This phase focuses on engineering subgrade earthwork, drainage, mansaid today it will mop up to 2,100. About the project, total said today it will need 92,600. According to the construction scdays, uling and measure 1, labour demand: calculated according to the schedule of the project, preparation takes about 2,400 labor astewater discharge control: emissions of wastewater discharged into the sedimentation tank in the second ... BA, labor scheduce dust. 4.4 measures to prevent water pollution: 4.4.1 mixing wsuch as open storage should be tightly covered, transportation and shipment to prevent the impurity of flying in order to red 12 天津大学2006届高自考本科生毕业设计(论文) 此合理选择浇口的开设位置是提高质量的重要环节，同时浇口位置的不同还影响模具结构。总之要使塑件具有良好的性能与外表，一定要认真考虑浇口位置的选择。 通常要考虑以下几项原则: 1.尽量缩短流动距离。 2.浇口应开设在塑件壁厚最大处正文。 3.必须尽量减少熔接痕。 4.应有利于型腔中气体排出。 5.考虑分子定向影响。 6.避免产生喷射和蠕动。 7.浇口处避免弯曲和受冲击载荷。 8.注意对外观质量的影响。 5.4.3浇注系统的平衡 对于中小型塑件的注射模具己广泛使用一模多腔的形式，设计应尽量保证所有的型腔同时得到均一的充填和成型。一般在塑件形状及模具结构允许的情况下，应将从主流道到各个型腔的分流道设计成长度相等、形状及截面尺寸相同(型腔布局为平衡式)的形式，否则就需要通过调节浇口尺寸使各浇口的流量及成型工艺条件达到一致，这就是浇注系统的平衡。显然，我们设计的模具是平衡式的，即从主流道到各个型腔的分流道的长度相等，形状及截面尺寸都相同。 5.4.4排气的设计 排气槽的作用主要有两点。一是在注射熔融物料时，排除模腔内的空气;二是排除物料在加热过程中产生的各种气体。越是薄壁制品，越是远离浇口的部位，排气槽的开设就显得尤为重要。另外对于小型件或精密零件也要重视排气槽的开设，因为它除了能避免制品表面灼伤和注射量不足外，还可以消除制品的各种缺陷，减少模具污染等。那么，模腔的排气怎样才算充分呢,一般来说，若以最高的注射速率注射熔料，在制品上却未留下焦斑，就可以认为模腔内的排气是充分的。 适当地开设排气槽，可以大大降低注射压力、注射时间、保压时间以及锁模压力，使塑件成型由困难变为容易，从而提高生产效率，降低生产成本，降低机器的能量消耗。其设计往往主要靠实践经验，通过试模与修模再加以完善，此模我们利用模具零部件的配合间隙及分型面自然排气。 13 security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) 第六章成型零件的设计 模具中决定塑件几何形状和尺寸的零件称为成型零件，包括凹模、型芯、镶块、成型杆和成型环等。成型零件工作时，直接与塑料接触，塑料熔体的高压、料流的冲刷，脱模时与塑件间还发生摩擦。因此，成型零件要求有正确的几何形状，较高的尺寸精度和较低的表面粗糙度，此外，成型零件还要求结构合理，有较高的强度、刚度及较好的耐磨性能。 设计成型零件时，应根据塑料的特性和塑件的结构及使用要求，确定型腔的总体结构，选择分型面和浇口位置，确定脱模方式、排气部位等，然后根据成型零件的加工、热处理、装配等要求进行成型零件结构设计，计算成型零件的工作尺寸，对关键的成型零件进行强度和刚度校核。 6.1成型零件的结构设计 6.1.1凹模结构设计 凹模是成型产品外形的主要部件，其结构特点是随产品的结构和模具的加工方法而变化。 组合镶拼方式的优点:对于形状复杂的型腔，若采用整体式结构，比较难加工。所以采用组合式的凹模结构。同时可以使凹模边缘的材料的性能低于凹模的材料，避免了整体式凹模采用一样的材料不经济，由于凹模的镶拼结构可以通过间隙利于排气，减少母模热变形。对于母模中易磨损的部位采用镶拼式，可以方便模具的维修，避免整体的凹模报废。 组合式凹模简化了复杂凹模的机加工工艺，有利于模具成型零件的热处理和模具的修复，有利于采用镶拼间隙来排气，可节省贵重模具材料。本设计凹模结构如图6-1所示。 图6-1凹模结构图 nd positive security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the proof body combat operations, a-and rain-open pit operation should be set up[document 2004]54 on the issuance of the notice, commitment not to workerswages ongestlving the problem of default on construction project cost notification file indicates the spirit of, strictly implement the lrate services sector according to the project plan to ensure. 2.4 resolutely implement State Council issued on effectively socorpo personnel. 2.3 15 days before the start of the project to the corporate services sector provides detailed workforce planning,are chosen and construction management experience, strong expertise, extensive construction experience with similar projects t salary cards, payment of wages by the laborers team leaders sign, discovery team leader was not issued in full and on time gers t worker can understand and monitor salary payments. 2.2 Summary of project construction, project manager and department manaof migrant workers, fined them 10 times. Establish oversight bodies: the monthly salary payments issued, so that every migran in arrears. And laborers team leaders, workers ' wages have signed terms of reward and punishment, each migrant worker paymen neverwages may not be appropriated for its use, according to report project progress allow workers ' wages per month and on time, guarantee system from top to bottom. Financial guarantee: to establish a special fund for workers ' wages, project workers ' ishingnt of wages of migrant workers undertaking signed on the protection of workers ' wages with the owners responsibility, establnts to ensure system: Project Manager and construction team, the teams and personal signature guarantee timely and full paymeangemeorkforce must have a certain number of technical workers. 2 2.1 establishment of workers ' wages, labor organizations and arrs to improve the treatment, ensure the necessary labor to maintain normal production. In order to ensure the quality of the weasureherever possible, machinery in order to reduce the amount of labor needed, restrict contracts through legal procedures, and mn construction labor demand up to 880 days/day, need to focus on labor guarantee. We arrange production on this issue that, whole ihedule, peaked on the 15th day of labour to the 45th day. This phase focuses on engineering subgrade earthwork, drainage, mansaid today it will mop up to 2,100. About the project, total said today it will need 92,600. According to the construction scdays, uling and measure 1, labour demand: calculated according to the schedule of the project, preparation takes about 2,400 labor astewater discharge control: emissions of wastewater discharged into the sedimentation tank in the second ... BA, labor scheduce dust. 4.4 measures to prevent water pollution: 4.4.1 mixing wsuch as open storage should be tightly covered, transportation and shipment to prevent the impurity of flying in order to red 14 天津大学2006届高自考本科生毕业设计(论文) 6.1.2型芯结构设计 整体嵌入式型芯，适用于小型塑件的多腔模具及大中型模具中。最常用的嵌入装配方法是台肩垫板式，其他装配方法还有通孔螺钉联接式，沉孔螺钉联接式。本设计型芯结构如图6-2所示。 图6-2型芯结构图 6.2成型零件工作尺寸计算 所谓成型零件的工作尺寸是指成型零件上直接构成型腔腔体的部位的尺寸，其直接对应塑件的形状与尺寸。鉴于影响塑件尺寸精度的因素多且复杂，塑件本身精度也难以达到高精度，为了计算简便，规定如下: 1.塑件的公差:塑件的公差规定按单向极限制，制品外轮廓尺寸公差取负值,,，,“”，制品叫做腔尺寸公差取正值“”，若制品上原有公差的标注方法与上不符，则应按以上规定进行转换。而制品孔中心距尺寸公差按对称分布原则计 ,,算，即取。 2 112.模具制造公差:实践证明，模具制造公差可取塑件公差的~，即δ36 11(~),z=，而且按成型加工过程中的增减趋向取“+”、“-”符号，型腔尺寸不36 ,z,断增大，则取“+δz”,型芯尺寸不断减小则取“-δz”，中心距尺寸取“”。2 15 security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) ,现取。 3 3.模具的磨损量:实践证明，对于一般的中小型塑件，最大磨损量可取塑件 1,公差的，对于大型塑件则取以下。另外对于型腔底面(或型芯端面)，因为66 脱模方向垂直，故磨损量δc=0。 4.塑件的收缩率:塑件成型后的收缩率与多种因素有关，通常按平均收缩率计算。 Smax，Smin3.0，1.0S,=%=2% 22 5. 模具在分型面上的合模间隙:由于注射压力及模具分型面平面度的影响，会导致动模、定模注射时存在着一定的间隙。一般当模具分型的平面度较高、表面粗糙度较低时，塑件产生的飞边也小。飞边厚度一般应小于是0.02~0.1mm。 6.2.1外形尺寸 ，,z3，，根据公式: L= LS(`1，),,MS,,4，，,0 ，0.104=85mm, L=86.40 LMS0 ，0.104=31.5mm, L=31.83 LMS0 ，0.104=18mm, L=18.60 LMS0 ，0.104=2mm, L=2.34 LMS0 ，,z2，，根据公式:H= SH(1，),,MS,,3，，,0 ，0.088H=27mm, H =27.28 MS0 ，0.088H=3mm, H =3.32 MS0 ，0.088H=5mm, H =5.360 MS0 6.2.2内腔尺寸 03，，(1)l，S，,根据公式: L = MS,,4，，,,z 0L=5mm, L=5.19 MS,0.03 0L=18.5mm, L=18.96 MS,0.03 nd positive security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the proof body combat operations, a-and rain-open pit operation should be set up[document 2004]54 on the issuance of the notice, commitment not to workerss to improve the treatment, ensure the necessary labor to maintain normal production. In order to ensure the quality of the w ongestlving the problem of default on construction project cost notification file indicates the spirit of, strictly implement the lrate services sector according to the project plan to ensure. 2.4 resolutely implement State Council issued on effectively socorpo personnel. 2.3 15 days before the start of the project to the corporate services sector provides detailed workforce planning,are chosen and construction management experience, strong expertise, extensive construction experience with similar projects easuregers t worker can understand and monitor salary payments. 2.2 Summary of project construction, project manager and department manaof migrant workers, fined them 10 times. Establish oversight bodies: the monthly salary payments issued, so that every migran wagest salary cards, payment of wages by the laborers team leaders sign, discovery team leader was not issued in full and on time in arrears. And laborers team leaders, workers ' wages have signed terms of reward and punishment, each migrant worker paymen neverherever possible, machinery in order to reduce the amount of labor needed, restrict contracts through legal procedures, and mwages may not be appropriated for its use, according to report project progress allow workers ' wages per month and on time, guarantee system from top to bottom. Financial guarantee: to establish a special fund for workers ' wages, project workers ' ishingnt of wages of migrant workers undertaking signed on the protection of workers ' wages with the owners responsibility, establnts to ensure system: Project Manager and construction team, the teams and personal signature guarantee timely and full paymeangemeorkforce must have a certain number of technical workers. 2 2.1 establishment of workers ' wages, labor organizations and arrn construction labor demand up to 880 days/day, need to focus on labor guarantee. We arrange production on this issue that, whole ihedule, peaked on the 15th day of labour to the 45th day. This phase focuses on engineering subgrade earthwork, drainage, mansaid today it will mop up to 2,100. About the project, total said today it will need 92,600. According to the construction scdays, uling and measure 1, labour demand: calculated according to the schedule of the project, preparation takes about 2,400 labor astewater discharge control: emissions of wastewater discharged into the sedimentation tank in the second ... BA, labor scheduce dust. 4.4 measures to prevent water pollution: 4.4.1 mixing wsuch as open storage should be tightly covered, transportation and shipment to prevent the impurity of flying in order to red 16 天津大学2006届高自考本科生毕业设计(论文) 0=12mm, L=12.33 LMS,0.030=3mm, L=3.15 LMS,0.03 02，，h根据公式: =(1)，，,hSMS,,3，，,,z 0h=27mm, =27.28 hMS,0.080h=3mm, =3.29 hMS,0.08 0h=40mm, =41.03 hMS,0.08 0h=32mm, =32.87 hMS,0.08 17 security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) 第七章合模导向机构的设计 导柱导向机构设计要点: 1.小型模具一般只设置两根导柱，当其元合模方位要求，采用等径且对称布置的方法，若有合模方位要求时，则应采取等径不对称布置，或不等径对称布置的形式。大中型模具常设置三个或四个导柱，采取等径不对称布置，或不等径对称布置的形式。 2.直导套常应用于简单模具或模板较薄的模具;?型带头导套主要应用于复杂模具或大、中型模具的动定模导向中;?型带头导套主要应用于推出机构的导向中。 3.导向零件应合理分布在模具的周围或靠近边缘部位;导柱中心到模板边缘的距离δ一般取导柱固定端的直径的1~1.5倍;其设置位置可参见标准模架系列。 4.导柱常固定在方便脱模取件的模具部分;但针对某些特殊的要求，如塑件在动模侧依靠推件板脱模，为了对推件板起到导向与支承作用，而在动模侧设置导柱.。 5.为了确保合模的分型面良好贴合，导柱与导套在分型面处应设置承屑槽;一般都是削去一个面，或在导套的孔口倒角。 6.导柱工作部分的长度应比型芯端面的高度高出6~8mm，以确保其导向作用。 7.应确保各导柱、导套及导向孔的轴线平行，以及同轴度要求，否则将影响合模的准确性，甚至损坏导向零件。 8.导柱工作部分的配合精度采用H7/f7(低精度时可采用H8/f8或H9/f9);导柱固定部分的配合精度采用H7/k6(或H7/m6)。导套与安装之间一般用H7/m6的过渡配合，再用侧向螺钉防止其被拔出。 9.对于生产批量小、精度要求不高的模具，导柱可直接与模板上加工的导向孔配合。通常导向孔应做志通孔;如果型腔板特厚，导向孔做成盲孔时，则应在盲孔侧壁增设通气孔，或在导柱柱身、导向孔开口端磨出排气槽;导向孔导滑面的长度与表面粗糙度可根据同等规格的导套尺寸来取，长度超出部分应扩径以缩短滑配面。 7.1导柱结构 带头导柱如图7-1所示 图7-1导柱图 nd positive security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the proof body combat operations, a-and rain-open pit operation should be set up[document 2004]54 on the issuance of the notice, commitment not to workerseasure ongestlving the problem of default on construction project cost notification file indicates the spirit of, strictly implement the lrate services sector according to the project plan to ensure. 2.4 resolutely implement State Council issued on effectively socorpo personnel. 2.3 15 days before the start of the project to the corporate services sector provides detailed workforce planning,are chosen and construction management experience, strong expertise, extensive construction experience with similar projects herever possible, machinery in order to reduce the amount of labor needed, restrict contracts through legal procedures, and mgers t worker can understand and monitor salary payments. 2.2 Summary of project construction, project manager and department manaof migrant workers, fined them 10 times. Establish oversight bodies: the monthly salary payments issued, so that every migran wagest salary cards, payment of wages by the laborers team leaders sign, discovery team leader was not issued in full and on time in arrears. And laborers team leaders, workers ' wages have signed terms of reward and punishment, each migrant worker paymen nevern construction labor demand up to 880 days/day, need to focus on labor guarantee. We arrange production on this issue that, wwages may not be appropriated for its use, according to report project progress allow workers ' wages per month and on time, guarantee system from top to bottom. Financial guarantee: to establish a special fund for workers ' wages, project workers ' ishingnt of wages of migrant workers undertaking signed on the protection of workers ' wages with the owners responsibility, establnts to ensure system: Project Manager and construction team, the teams and personal signature guarantee timely and full paymeangemeorkforce must have a certain number of technical workers. 2 2.1 establishment of workers ' wages, labor organizations and arrs to improve the treatment, ensure the necessary labor to maintain normal production. In order to ensure the quality of the whole ihedule, peaked on the 15th day of labour to the 45th day. This phase focuses on engineering subgrade earthwork, drainage, mansaid today it will mop up to 2,100. About the project, total said today it will need 92,600. According to the construction scdays, uling and measure 1, labour demand: calculated according to the schedule of the project, preparation takes about 2,400 labor astewater discharge control: emissions of wastewater discharged into the sedimentation tank in the second ... BA, labor scheduce dust. 4.4 measures to prevent water pollution: 4.4.1 mixing wsuch as open storage should be tightly covered, transportation and shipment to prevent the impurity of flying in order to red 18 天津大学2006届高自考本科生毕业设计(论文) 7.2导套结构 带头导套如图7-2所示 图7-2导套图 19 security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) 第八章脱模机构的设计 8.1脱模机构设计的总原则 1.要求在开模过程中塑件留在动模一侧，以便推出机构尽量设在动模一侧，从而简化模具结构。 2.正确分析塑件对模具包紧力与粘附力的大小及分布，有针对性地选择合理的推出装置和推出位置，使脱模力的大小及分布与脱模阻力一致;推出力作用点应靠近塑件对凸模包紧力最大的位置，同时也应是塑件刚度与强度最大的位置;力的作用面尽可能大一些，以防止塑件在被推出过程中变形或损坏。 3.推出位置应尽可能设在塑件内部或对塑件外观影响不大的部位，以力求良好的塑件外观。 4.推出机构应结构简单，动作可靠(即:推出到位、能正确复位且不与其他零件相干涉，有足够的强度与刚度)，远动灵活，制造及维修方便。 8.2推杆设计 8.2.1推杆的形状 如图8-1所示 图8-1推杆图 8.2.2推杆的位置和布局 1.应设在脱模阻力大的部位，均匀布置。 2.应保证塑件被推出时受力均匀，推出平衡，不变形;当塑件各处脱模阻力相同时，则均匀布置;若某个部位脱模阻力特大，则该处应增加推数目。 3.推杆应尽可能设在塑件厚壁、凸缘、加强等塑件强度、刚度较大处;当结 nd positive security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the proof body combat operations, a-and rain-open pit operation should be set up[document 2004]54 on the issuance of the notice, commitment not to workers ongestlving the problem of default on construction project cost notification file indicates the spirit of, strictly implement the lrate services sector according to the project plan to ensure. 2.4 resolutely implement State Council issued on effectively socorpo personnel. 2.3 15 days before the start of the project to the corporate services sector provides detailed workforce planning,are chosen and construction management experience, strong expertise, extensive construction experience with similar projects gers t worker can understand and monitor salary payments. 2.2 Summary of project construction, project manager and department manaof migrant workers, fined them 10 times. Establish oversight bodies: the monthly salary payments issued, so that every migran wagest salary cards, payment of wages by the laborers team leaders sign, discovery team leader was not issued in full and on time in arrears. And laborers team leaders, workers ' wages have signed terms of reward and punishment, each migrant worker paymen neverwages may not be appropriated for its use, according to report project progress allow workers ' wages per month and on time, guarantee system from top to bottom. Financial guarantee: to establish a special fund for workers ' wages, project workers ' ishingnt of wages of migrant workers undertaking signed on the protection of workers ' wages with the owners responsibility, establnts to ensure system: Project Manager and construction team, the teams and personal signature guarantee timely and full paymeangemeorkforce must have a certain number of technical workers. 2 2.1 establishment of workers ' wages, labor organizations and arrs to improve the treatment, ensure the necessary labor to maintain normal production. In order to ensure the quality of the weasureherever possible, machinery in order to reduce the amount of labor needed, restrict contracts through legal procedures, and mn construction labor demand up to 880 days/day, need to focus on labor guarantee. We arrange production on this issue that, whole ihedule, peaked on the 15th day of labour to the 45th day. This phase focuses on engineering subgrade earthwork, drainage, mansaid today it will mop up to 2,100. About the project, total said today it will need 92,600. According to the construction scdays, uling and measure 1, labour demand: calculated according to the schedule of the project, preparation takes about 2,400 labor astewater discharge control: emissions of wastewater discharged into the sedimentation tank in the second ... BA, labor scheduce dust. 4.4 measures to prevent water pollution: 4.4.1 mixing wsuch as open storage should be tightly covered, transportation and shipment to prevent the impurity of flying in order to red 20 天津大学2006届高自考本科生毕业设计(论文) 构特殊，需要推在薄壁处时，可采用盘状推杆以增大接触面积。 4.推杆的设置不应影响凸模强度与寿命。当推在端面则距型芯侧壁δ0.13mm;当推杆设置在型芯内部推在塑件内部时，推杆孔距型芯侧壁δ3mm。 12,, 5.在模内排气困难的部位应设置推杆，以利于用配合间隙排气。 6.若塑件上不允许有推杆痕迹时，可在塑件外侧设置溢料槽，从而靠推杆推在溢料槽内的凝料上而带塑件。 8.3推件板设计的要点 1.推件板与型芯应呈3?~10?的推面配合，以减少远动摩擦，并起辅助定位以防止推件板偏心而溢料;推件板与型芯侧壁之间应有0.20~0.25mm的间隙，以防止两者间的擦伤而或卡死，推件板与型芯间的配合间隙以不产生塑料溢料为准，塑料的最大溢料间隙可查表，推件板与型芯相配合的表面粗糙度可以取Ra0.8~0.4μm。 2.推件板可用经调质处理的45钢制造，对要求比较高的模具，也可以采用T8或T10等材料，并淬硬到53~55HRC，有时也可以在推件板上镶淬火衬套以延长寿命。 3.当用推件板脱出元通孔的大型深腔壳体类塑件时，应在型芯上增设一个进气装置，以避免塑件脱模时在型芯与塑件间形成真空。 4.推件板复位后，在推板与动模座板间应留有为保护模具的2~3mm空隙。 第九章温度调节系统的设计 21 security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) 在注射成型过程中，模具温度直接影响到塑件的质量如收缩率、翘曲变形、耐应力开裂性和表面质量等，并且对生产效率起到决定性的作用，在注射过程中，冷却时间占注射成型周期的约80%，然而，由于各种塑料的性能和成型工艺要求不同，模具温度的要求有尽相同，因此，对模具冷却系统的设计及优化分析在一定程度上决定了塑件的质量和成本，模具温度直接影响到塑料的充模、塑件的定型、模塑的周期和塑件质量，而模具温度的高低取决于塑料结晶性，塑件尺寸与结构、性能要求以及其它工艺条件如熔料温度、注射速度、注射压力、模塑周期等。影响注射模冷却的因素很多，如塑件的形状和分型面的设计，冷却介质的种类、温度、流速、冷却管道的几何参数及空间布置，模具材料、熔体温度、塑件要求的顶出温度和模具温度，塑件和模具间的热循环交互作用等。 1.低的模具温度可降低塑件的收缩率。 2.模具温度均匀、冷却时间短、注射速度快，可降低塑件的翘曲变形。 3.对结晶性聚合物，提高模具温度可使塑件尺寸稳定，避免后结晶现象，但是将导致成型周期延长和塑件发脆的缺陷。 4.随着结晶型聚合物的结晶度的提高，塑件的耐应力开裂性降低，因此降低模具温度是有利的，但对于高粘度的无定型聚合物，由于其耐应力开裂性与塑料的内应力直接相关，因此提高模具温度和充模，减少补料时间是有利的。 5.提高模具温度可以改善塑件的表面质量。 在注射成形过程中，模具的温度直接影响塑件的成型质量和生产效率，根据 0塑料的要求，注射到模具内的塑料温度为200C左右，而从模具中取出塑件的温 0度约为60C，温度降低是由于模具通入冷却水，将温度带走了，普通的模具通入常温的水进行冷却，通过调节水的流量就可以调节模具的温度。 因塑料端盖使用的塑料是ABS，要求模温高，若模具温度过低则会影响塑料的流动性，增加剪切阻力，使塑件的内应力较大，甚至还出现冷流痕、银丝、注不满等缺陷。因此在注射开始时，为防止填充不足，充入温水或者模具加热。 总之，要做到优质、高效率生产，模具必须进行温度调节。 对温度调节系统的要求: 1.确定加热或是冷却; 2. 模温均一，塑件各部分同时冷却; 3. 采用低的模温，快速且大量通冷却水; 温度调节系统应尽量结构简单，加工容易，成本低谦。 9.1模具冷却系统的设计 根据模具冷却系统设计原则:冷却水孔数量尽量多，尺寸尽量大的原则可知，冷却水孔数量大于或等于3根都是可行的。这样做同时可实现尽量降低入水与出 nd positive security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the proof body combat operations, a-and rain-open pit operation should be set up[document 2004]54 on the issuance of the notice, commitment not to workerseasure ongestlving the problem of default on construction project cost notification file indicates the spirit of, strictly implement the lrate services sector according to the project plan to ensure. 2.4 resolutely implement State Council issued on effectively socorpo personnel. 2.3 15 days before the start of the project to the corporate services sector provides detailed workforce planning,are chosen and construction management experience, strong expertise, extensive construction experience with similar projects herever possible, machinery in order to reduce the amount of labor needed, restrict contracts through legal procedures, and mgers t worker can understand and monitor salary payments. 2.2 Summary of project construction, project manager and department manaof migrant workers, fined them 10 times. Establish oversight bodies: the monthly salary payments issued, so that every migran wagest salary cards, payment of wages by the laborers team leaders sign, discovery team leader was not issued in full and on time in arrears. And laborers team leaders, workers ' wages have signed terms of reward and punishment, each migrant worker paymen nevern construction labor demand up to 880 days/day, need to focus on labor guarantee. We arrange production on this issue that, wwages may not be appropriated for its use, according to report project progress allow workers ' wages per month and on time, guarantee system from top to bottom. Financial guarantee: to establish a special fund for workers ' wages, project workers ' ishingnt of wages of migrant workers undertaking signed on the protection of workers ' wages with the owners responsibility, establnts to ensure system: Project Manager and construction team, the teams and personal signature guarantee timely and full paymeangemeorkforce must have a certain number of technical workers. 2 2.1 establishment of workers ' wages, labor organizations and arrs to improve the treatment, ensure the necessary labor to maintain normal production. In order to ensure the quality of the whole ihedule, peaked on the 15th day of labour to the 45th day. This phase focuses on engineering subgrade earthwork, drainage, mansaid today it will mop up to 2,100. About the project, total said today it will need 92,600. According to the construction scdays, uling and measure 1, labour demand: calculated according to the schedule of the project, preparation takes about 2,400 labor astewater discharge control: emissions of wastewater discharged into the sedimentation tank in the second ... BA, labor scheduce dust. 4.4 measures to prevent water pollution: 4.4.1 mixing wsuch as open storage should be tightly covered, transportation and shipment to prevent the impurity of flying in order to red 22 天津大学2006届高自考本科生毕业设计(论文) 水的温度差的原则。根据书上的经验值取4根，冷却水口口径为6mm。 另外，具冷却系统的过程中，还应同时遵循: 1.浇口处加强冷却。 2.冷却水孔到型腔表面的距离相等。 3.冷却水孔数量应尽可能的多，孔径应尽可能的大。 4.冷却水孔道不应穿过镶快或其接缝部位，以防漏水。 5.进水口水管接头的位置应尽可能设在模具的同一侧，通常应设在注塑机的背面。 6.冷却水孔应避免设在塑件的熔接痕处。 而且在冷却系统内，各相连接处应保持密封，防止冷却水外泄。 9.2模具加热系统的设计 因在ABS要求的熔融温度为200。而且流动性能为中性，同时在注射时模具温度要求为50——70，所以该模具必须加热。模具加热方法包括:热水，热空气，热油及电加热等。由于电加热清洁、结构简单、可调节范围大，所以在该模具应用电加热。 第十章模具的装配 装配模具是模具制造过程中的最后阶段，装配精度直接影响到模具的质量、 23 security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) 寿命和各部分的功能。模具装配过程是按照模具技术要求和相互间的关系，将合格的零件连接固定为组件、部件直至装配为合格的模具。 在模具装配过程中，对模具的装配精度应控制在合理的范围内，模具的装配精度包括相关零件的位置精度，相关的运动精度，配合精度及接触只有当各精度要求得到保证，才能使模具的整体要求得到保证。 塑料模的装配基准分为两种情况，一是以塑料模中和主要零件台定模，动模的型腔，型芯为装配基准。这种情况，定模各动模的导柱和导套孔先不加工，先将型腔和型芯镶块加工好，然后装入定模和动模内，将型腔和型芯之间垫片法或工艺定位器法保证壁厚，动模和定模合模后用平行夹板夹紧，镗投影导柱和导套孔，最后安装动模和定模上的其它零件，另一种是已有导柱导套塑料模架的。 浇口套与定模部分装配后，必须与分模面有一定的间隙，其间隙为0.05——0.15毫米，因为该处受喷嘴压力的影响，在注射时会发生变形，有时在试模中经常发现在分模面上浇口套周围出现塑料飞边，就是由于没有间隙的原因。为了有效的防止飞边，可以接近塑件的有相对位移的面上锉一个三角形的槽，由于空气的压力的缘故可以更好的防止飞边。 10.1模具的装配顺序 1.确定装配基准; 2.装配前要对零件进行测量，合格零件必须去磁并将零件擦拭干净; 3.调整各零件组合后的累积尺寸误差，如各模板的平行度要校验修磨，以保证模板组装密合，分型面吻合面积不得小于80%，间隙不得小于溢料最小值，防止产生飞边; 4.在装配过程中尽量保持原加工尺寸的基准面，以便总装合模调整时检查; 5.组装导向系统并保证开模合模动作灵活，无松动和卡滞现象; 6.组装冷却和加热系统，保证管路畅通，不漏水，不漏电，门动作灵活紧固所连接螺钉，装配定位销。装配液压系统时允许使用密封填料或密封胶，但应防止进入系统中; 7.试模合格后打上模具标记，包括模具编号、合模标记及组装基面。 1)模具预热 模具预热的方法，采用外部加热法，将铸铝加热板安装在模具外部，从外部向内进行加热，这种方法加热快，但损耗量大。 2)筒和喷嘴的加热 根据工艺手册中推荐的工艺参数将料筒和喷嘴加热，与模具同时进行。 3)工艺参数的选择和调整 根据工艺手册中推荐的工艺参数初选温度，压力，时间参数，调整工艺参数时按压力，时间，温度这样的先后顺序变动。 nd positive security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the proof body combat operations, a-and rain-open pit operation should be set up[document 2004]54 on the issuance of the notice, commitment not to workersherever possible, machinery in order to reduce the amount of labor needed, restrict contracts through legal procedures, and m ongestlving the problem of default on construction project cost notification file indicates the spirit of, strictly implement the lrate services sector according to the project plan to ensure. 2.4 resolutely implement State Council issued on effectively socorpo personnel. 2.3 15 days before the start of the project to the corporate services sector provides detailed workforce planning,are chosen and construction management experience, strong expertise, extensive construction experience with similar projects n construction labor demand up to 880 days/day, need to focus on labor guarantee. We arrange production on this issue that, wgers t worker can understand and monitor salary payments. 2.2 Summary of project construction, project manager and department manaof migrant workers, fined them 10 times. Establish oversight bodies: the monthly salary payments issued, so that every migran wagest salary cards, payment of wages by the laborers team leaders sign, discovery team leader was not issued in full and on time in arrears. And laborers team leaders, workers ' wages have signed terms of reward and punishment, each migrant worker paymen neverhole iwages may not be appropriated for its use, according to report project progress allow workers ' wages per month and on time, guarantee system from top to bottom. Financial guarantee: to establish a special fund for workers ' wages, project workers ' ishingnt of wages of migrant workers undertaking signed on the protection of workers ' wages with the owners responsibility, establnts to ensure system: Project Manager and construction team, the teams and personal signature guarantee timely and full paymeangemeorkforce must have a certain number of technical workers. 2 2.1 establishment of workers ' wages, labor organizations and arrs to improve the treatment, ensure the necessary labor to maintain normal production. In order to ensure the quality of the weasurehedule, peaked on the 15th day of labour to the 45th day. This phase focuses on engineering subgrade earthwork, drainage, mansaid today it will mop up to 2,100. About the project, total said today it will need 92,600. According to the construction scdays, uling and measure 1, labour demand: calculated according to the schedule of the project, preparation takes about 2,400 labor astewater discharge control: emissions of wastewater discharged into the sedimentation tank in the second ... BA, labor scheduce dust. 4.4 measures to prevent water pollution: 4.4.1 mixing wsuch as open storage should be tightly covered, transportation and shipment to prevent the impurity of flying in order to red 24 天津大学2006届高自考本科生毕业设计(论文) 4)注塑 在料筒中的塑料和模具达到预热温度时，就可以进行试注塑，观察注塑塑件的质量缺陷，分析导致缺陷的原因，调整工艺参数和其他技术参数，直至达到最佳状态。 8.模具的维护 模具优化设计的镶件和嵌件在这里就起到了很大的作用，只须更换个别已损坏的零件，不会导致用过程中，会出现正常的磨损或不正常的磨损。不正常的损坏绝大多数是由于操作不当所致模具的彻底报废。 最后检查各种配件、附件待零件，保证模具装备齐全，另外在装配过程中应严防零件在装配过程中磕、碰、划伤和锈蚀。装配滚动轴承允许采用机油进行热装，油的温度不得超过1000C。 10.2开模过程分析 注塑机推动推杆垫板兼顶管垫板使动定模分开，在导柱导向的情况下，动定模顺利分型，同时拉料杆拉断浇口，使塑件在推板和顶管的作用下顺利脱出。闭合时，同样在导柱和导套的导向作用下通过顶柱使顶杆先于型腔复位。以免顶杆碰到型腔，损坏模具。 参考文献 [1]邹继强. 塑料制品及其成型模具设计[C]. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2005(2( 25 security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) [2]伍先明, 王群, 庞佑霞, 张厚安等. 塑料模具设计指导[C]. 北京: 国防工业出版社， 2006.5. [3]中国机械工程学会, 中国模具设计大典编委会. 中国模具设计大典[R]. 南昌: 江西科学技术出版社. 2003. [4]《塑料模具设计手册》 编委会. 模具设计手册[D]. 北京: 机械工业出版社. 2002. [5]陈万林. 实用塑料注射模具设计与制造[S]. 北京:机械工业出版社。2002. [6]贾润礼,程志远等. 实用注射模设计手册. 北京: 中国轻工业出版社, 2000. nd positive security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the proof body combat operations, a-and rain-open pit operation should be set up[document 2004]54 on the issuance of the notice, commitment not to workers ongestlving the problem of default on construction project cost notification file indicates the spirit of, strictly implement the lrate services sector according to the project plan to ensure. 2.4 resolutely implement State Council issued on effectively socorpo personnel. 2.3 15 days before the start of the project to the corporate services sector provides detailed workforce planning,are chosen and construction management experience, strong expertise, extensive construction experience with similar projects n construction labor demand up to 880 days/day, need to focus on labor guarantee. We arrange production on this issue that, wgers t worker can understand and monitor salary payments. 2.2 Summary of project construction, project manager and department manaof migrant workers, fined them 10 times. Establish oversight bodies: the monthly salary payments issued, so that every migran wagest salary cards, payment of wages by the laborers team leaders sign, discovery team leader was not issued in full and on time in arrears. And laborers team leaders, workers ' wages have signed terms of reward and punishment, each migrant worker paymen neverwages may not be appropriated for its use, according to report project progress allow workers ' wages per month and on time, hole iguarantee system from top to bottom. Financial guarantee: to establish a special fund for workers ' wages, project workers ' ishingnt of wages of migrant workers undertaking signed on the protection of workers ' wages with the owners responsibility, establnts to ensure system: Project Manager and construction team, the teams and personal signature guarantee timely and full paymeangemeorkforce must have a certain number of technical workers. 2 2.1 establishment of workers ' wages, labor organizations and arrs to improve the treatment, ensure the necessary labor to maintain normal production. In order to ensure the quality of the weasureherever possible, machinery in order to reduce the amount of labor needed, restrict contracts through legal procedures, and mhedule, peaked on the 15th day of labour to the 45th day. This phase focuses on engineering subgrade earthwork, drainage, mansaid today it will mop up to 2,100. About the project, total said today it will need 92,600. According to the construction scdays, uling and measure 1, labour demand: calculated according to the schedule of the project, preparation takes about 2,400 labor astewater discharge control: emissions of wastewater discharged into the sedimentation tank in the second ... BA, labor scheduce dust. 4.4 measures to prevent water pollution: 4.4.1 mixing wsuch as open storage should be tightly covered, transportation and shipment to prevent the impurity of flying in order to red 26 security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) 中国模具业的发展 模具是制造业的一种基本工艺装备，它的作用是控制和限制材料(固态或液态)的流动，使之形成所需要的形体。用模具制造零件以其效率高，产品质量好，材料消耗低，生产成本低而广泛应用于制造业中。 模具工业是国民经济的基础工业，是国际上公认的关键工业。模具生产技术水平的高低是衡量一个国家产品制造水平高低的重要标志，它在很大程度上决定着产品的质量，效益和新产品的开发能力。振兴和发展我国的模具工业，正日益受到人们的关注。早在1989年3月中国政府颁布的《关于当前产业政策要点的决定》中，将模具列为机械工业技术改造序列的第一位。 模具工业既是高新技术产业的一个组成部分，又是高新技术产业化的重要领域。模具在机械，电子，轻工，汽车，纺织，航空，航天等工业领域里，日益成为使用最广泛的主要工艺装备，它承担了这些工业领域中60,~90,的产品的零件，组件和部件的生产加工。 模具制造的重要性主要体现在市场的需求上，仅以汽车，摩托车行业的模具市场为例。汽车，摩托车行业是模具最大的市场，在工业发达的国家，这一市场占整个模具市场一半左右。汽车工业是我国国民经济五大支柱产业之一，汽车工业重点是发展零部件，经济型轿车和重型汽车，汽车模具作为发展重点，已在汽车工业产业政策中得到了明确。汽车基本车型不断增加，2005年将达到170种。一个型号的汽车所需模具达几千副，价值上亿元。为了适应市场的需求，汽车将不断换型，汽车换型时约有80,的模具需要更换。中国摩托车产量位居世界第一，据统计，中国摩托车共有14种排量80多个车型，1000多个型号。单辆摩托车约有零件2000种，共计5000多个，其中一半以上需要模具生产。一个型号的摩托车生产需1000副模具，总价值为1000多万元。其他行业，如电子及通讯，家电，建筑等，也存在巨大的模具市场。 目前世界模具市场供不应求，模具的主要出口国是美国，日本，法国，瑞士等国家。中国模具出口数量极少，但中国模具钳工技术水平高，劳动成本低，只要配备一些先进的数控制模设备，提高模具加工质量，缩短生产周期，沟通外贸渠道，模具出口将会有很大发展。研究和发展模具技术，提高模具技术水平，对于促进国民经济的发展有着特别重要的意义。 美国塑料(原料)的产量多年来一直雄居各国之首。早在80年代前期，美国塑料产量就已达2000万吨之多，1986年增至23l0万吨，占全球总产量8100 nd positive security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the proof body combat operations, a-and rain-open pit operation should be set up[document 2004]54 on the issuance of the notice, commitment not to workerseasure ongestlving the problem of default on construction project cost notification file indicates the spirit of, strictly implement the lrate services sector according to the project plan to ensure. 2.4 resolutely implement State Council issued on effectively socorpo personnel. 2.3 15 days before the start of the project to the corporate services sector provides detailed workforce planning,are chosen and construction management experience, strong expertise, extensive construction experience with similar projects herever possible, machinery in order to reduce the amount of labor needed, restrict contracts through legal procedures, and mgers t worker can understand and monitor salary payments. 2.2 Summary of project construction, project manager and department manaof migrant workers, fined them 10 times. Establish oversight bodies: the monthly salary payments issued, so that every migran wagest salary cards, payment of wages by the laborers team leaders sign, discovery team leader was not issued in full and on time in arrears. And laborers team leaders, workers ' wages have signed terms of reward and punishment, each migrant worker paymen nevern construction labor demand up to 880 days/day, need to focus on labor guarantee. We arrange production on this issue that, wwages may not be appropriated for its use, according to report project progress allow workers ' wages per month and on time, guarantee system from top to bottom. Financial guarantee: to establish a special fund for workers ' wages, project workers ' ishingnt of wages of migrant workers undertaking signed on the protection of workers ' wages with the owners responsibility, establnts to ensure system: Project Manager and construction team, the teams and personal signature guarantee timely and full paymeangemeorkforce must have a certain number of technical workers. 2 2.1 establishment of workers ' wages, labor organizations and arrs to improve the treatment, ensure the necessary labor to maintain normal production. In order to ensure the quality of the whole ihedule, peaked on the 15th day of labour to the 45th day. This phase focuses on engineering subgrade earthwork, drainage, mansaid today it will mop up to 2,100. About the project, total said today it will need 92,600. According to the construction scdays, uling and measure 1, labour demand: calculated according to the schedule of the project, preparation takes about 2,400 labor astewater discharge control: emissions of wastewater discharged into the sedimentation tank in the second ... BA, labor scheduce dust. 4.4 measures to prevent water pollution: 4.4.1 mixing wsuch as open storage should be tightly covered, transportation and shipment to prevent the impurity of flying in order to red 0 天津大学2006届本科生毕业设计(论文) 吨的28.5,，此后美国塑料产量继续呈现稳定增长之势，1988年、1990年、1992年、1994年、1996年和1998年分别增加到2710万吨、2810万吨、3010万吨、3410万吨、4000万吨和4360万吨，占世界总产量的比例从1996年起提高到30,以上。2001年美国塑料产量为4170万吨，其中以聚乙烯为最多，达1500多万吨。其次分别是氯乙烯650万吨、聚丙烯720万吨、聚苯乙烯对酞酸脂320万吨、聚苯乙烯280万吨。国内塑料消费量(产量+进口量一出口量)，美国也是全球最多的。美国的全部塑料消费量2001年为4280万吨。美国人均塑料消费量也是很高的，2000年为159公斤，2001年略减为155公斤 ，居全球第3位。美国现有各种大小塑料企事业单位1万多家，其中职工人数少于50人的占总数的53,，50~l00人的占21,，100~500人的占23,，超过500人的占近4,，职工总数近90万人。在美国塑料制品加工业的就职人数达110万，2001年的出货金额为2150亿美元，人均出货金额为195美元。 德国是世界最大的塑料(原料)生产国之一，上世纪90年代初的1991年、1992年和1993年，德国塑料产量都为990多万吨，1994年增达超过1000万 万吨，2000年增吨的1110万吨(1998年达近1300万吨，1999年为近1400至1550万吨，超过日本为世界第2大塑料生产国，2001年上升为1580万吨，2002年已过1600万吨。2001年德国生产的种种塑料原料中，聚乙烯为285万吨(低密度聚乙烯160万吨，高密度聚乙烯125万吨)，氯乙烯175万吨，聚丙烯160万吨。德国2001年的国内塑料消费量为1280万吨，其中聚乙烯265万吨，聚丙烯155万吨(氯乙烯152万吨。德国人均塑料消费量2001年为160公斤，在世界上仅少于比利时的172公斤，高于美国的155公斤，排在世界第2位。德国塑料制品加工业的职工总计有近30万人，2001年的出货金额为360亿美元，人均126美元。德国塑料制品加工企业中职工少于50人的占44,，50~100人的占28,，100~500人的占25,，500人以上的占4,。 中国塑料工业多年持续高速增长，1991年产量仅为250万吨，1995年增为350万吨，1998年超过700万吨，到2002年已增达约1400万吨，超过日本而成为世界第3大塑料原料生产国。中国今年塑料制品市场将持续走强，在包装、工程、建材、农用和日用塑料制品等各个领域都将有较大幅度的增长，需求量将超过2500万吨。其中包装塑料制品今年需求量将超过850万吨，工程塑料制品需求量将达400万吨左右，建材塑料制品需求量将达300万吨以上，农用塑料制品需求量将在500万吨左右，日用塑料制品需求量约为80万吨左 1 security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) 右。 日本在很长的时期内都是仅次于美国的世界第2大塑料生产国。一直到1997年，日本塑料产量曾经连续多年增长，年产量在70年代中期就已达500多万吨，1987年突破1000万吨，1991年达约1300万吨，1992年和1993年因受日本经济下滑的影响，产量略有减少，分别降至1258和1225万吨。从1994年起产量再度增长，1994年、1995年和1996年分别回升到1300万吨、1400万吨和1470万吨，1997年的产量又比上年增长3.7,，达到1521万吨，首次超过1500万吨。但这种增势在1998年受到遏制，产量大幅度减少。1998年，日本塑料产量为1390万吨，比上年减少了8.7,。1999年和2000年日本塑料产量分别回升到1432万吨和1445万吨，但仍远未恢复到1997年的水平。2001年和2002年日本塑料产量再度下降至1400万吨以下的1364万吨和1361万吨。2002年日本塑料(原料)产量减为1361万吨。而中国则增为1366万吨，日本又退居第4位。 韩国塑料产量增长十分迅速，1986年超过200万吨，1990年增达300万吨，1992年突破500万吨，1994年、1996年和1997年分别上升到600多万吨、700多万吨和800多万吨，1998年产量增至850万吨，1999年突破900万吨，2001年达1200万吨，跻身于世界5大塑料生产国之列。韩国塑料原料产品中以聚乙烯居首，2001年产量为340万吨(低密度聚乙烯160万吨，高密度聚乙烯180万吨)，聚丙烯以238万吨排在第2位，其次分别是聚酯161万吨、氯乙烯124万吨、ABS?AS树脂86万吨、聚苯乙烯77万吨。韩国国内塑料消费量2001年420万吨，只相当于产量的1/3略高。人均塑料消费量2001年为106公斤，韩国塑料制品加工业的职工总数2001年为3.1万人，出货金额为85亿美元，人均276美元。 塑料产量位居世界前10名的国家和地区还有法国660万吨、比利时600万吨、中国台湾598万吨、加拿大432万吨和意大利385万吨(均为2001年产量)。 自20世纪80年代以来，我国的经济逐渐起飞，也为模具产业的发展提供了巨大的动力。20世纪90年代以后，大陆的工业发展十分迅速，模具工业的总产值在1990年仅60亿元人民币，1994年增长到130亿元人民币，1999年已达到245亿元人民币，2000年增至260~270亿元人民币。今后预计每年仍会以10?~15?的速度快速增长。 nd positive security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the proof body combat operations, a-and rain-open pit operation should be set up[document 2004]54 on the issuance of the notice, commitment not to workerss to improve the treatment, ensure the necessary labor to maintain normal production. In order to ensure the quality of the w ongestlving the problem of default on construction project cost notification file indicates the spirit of, strictly implement the lrate services sector according to the project plan to ensure. 2.4 resolutely implement State Council issued on effectively socorpo personnel. 2.3 15 days before the start of the project to the corporate services sector provides detailed workforce planning,are chosen and construction management experience, strong expertise, extensive construction experience with similar projects easuregers t worker can understand and monitor salary payments. 2.2 Summary of project construction, project manager and department manaof migrant workers, fined them 10 times. Establish oversight bodies: the monthly salary payments issued, so that every migran wagest salary cards, payment of wages by the laborers team leaders sign, discovery team leader was not issued in full and on time in arrears. And laborers team leaders, workers ' wages have signed terms of reward and punishment, each migrant worker paymen neverherever possible, machinery in order to reduce the amount of labor needed, restrict contracts through legal procedures, and mwages may not be appropriated for its use, according to report project progress allow workers ' wages per month and on time, guarantee system from top to bottom. Financial guarantee: to establish a special fund for workers ' wages, project workers ' ishingnt of wages of migrant workers undertaking signed on the protection of workers ' wages with the owners responsibility, establnts to ensure system: Project Manager and construction team, the teams and personal signature guarantee timely and full paymeangemeorkforce must have a certain number of technical workers. 2 2.1 establishment of workers ' wages, labor organizations and arrn construction labor demand up to 880 days/day, need to focus on labor guarantee. We arrange production on this issue that, whole ihedule, peaked on the 15th day of labour to the 45th day. This phase focuses on engineering subgrade earthwork, drainage, mansaid today it will mop up to 2,100. About the project, total said today it will need 92,600. According to the construction scdays, uling and measure 1, labour demand: calculated according to the schedule of the project, preparation takes about 2,400 labor astewater discharge control: emissions of wastewater discharged into the sedimentation tank in the second ... BA, labor scheduce dust. 4.4 measures to prevent water pollution: 4.4.1 mixing wsuch as open storage should be tightly covered, transportation and shipment to prevent the impurity of flying in order to red 2 天津大学2006届本科生毕业设计(论文) 目前，我国17000多个模具生产厂点，从业人数五十多万。除了国有的专业模具厂外，其他所有制形式的模具厂家，包括集体企业，合资企业，独资企业和私营企业等，都得到了快速发展。其中，集体和私营的模具企业在广东和浙江等省发展得最为迅速。例如，浙江宁波和黄岩地区，从事模具制造的集体企业和私营企业多达数千家，成为我国国内知名的“模具之乡”和最具发展活力的地区之一。在广东，一些大集团公司和迅速崛起的乡镇企业，为了提高其产品的市场竞争能力，纷纷加入了对模具制造的投入。例如，科龙，美的，康佳和威力等知名集团都建立了自己的模具制造中心。中外合资和外商独资的模具企业则多集中于沿海工业发达地区，现已有几千家。 在模具工业的总产值中，企业自产自用的约占三分之二，作为商品销售的约占三分之一。其中，冲压模具约占50?(中国台湾:40?)，塑料模具约占33?(中国台湾:48?)，压铸模具约占6?(中国台湾:5?)，其他各类模具约占11(中国台湾:7?)。 中国台湾模具产业的成长，分为萌芽期(1961——1981)，成长期(1981——1991)，成熟期(1991——2001)三个阶段。 萌芽期，工业产品生产设备与技术的不断改进。由于纺织，电子，电气，电机和机械业等产品外销表现畅旺，连带使得模具制造，维修业者和周边厂商(如热处理产业等)逐年增加。在此阶段的模具包括:一般民生用品模具，铸造用模具，锻造用模具，木模，玻璃，陶瓷用模具，以及橡胶模具等。 1981年——1991年是台湾模具产业发展最为迅速且高度成长的时期。有鉴于模具产业对工业发展的重要性日益彰显，自1982年起，台湾地区就将模具产业纳入“策略性工业适用范围”，大力推动模具工业的发展，以配合相关工业产品的外销策略，全力发展整体经济。随着民生工业，机械五金业，汽机车及家电业发展，冲压模具与塑料模具，逐渐形成台湾模具工业两大主流。从1985年起，模具产业已在推行计算机辅助模具设计和制造等CAD/CAM技术，所以台湾模具业接触CAD/CAM/CAE/CAT技术的时间相当早。 成熟期，在国际化，自由化和国际分工的潮流下，1994年，1998年，由台湾地区政府委托金属中心执行“工业用模具技术研究与发展五年”与“工业用模具技术应用与发展计划”，以协助业界突破发展瓶颈，并支持产业升级，朝向开发高附加值与进口依赖高的模具。1997年11月间台湾凭借模具产业的实力，获得世界模具协会(ISTMA)认同获准入会，正式成为世界模具协会会 3 security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) 员，。整体而言，台湾模具产业在这一阶段的发展，随着机械性能，加工技术，检测能力的提升，以及计算机辅助设计，台湾模具厂商供应对象已由传统的民用家电，五金业和汽机车运输工具业，提升到计算机与电子，通信与光电等精密模具，并发展出汽机车用大型钣金冲压，大型塑料射出及精密锻造等模具。 20世纪80年代开始，发达工业国家的模具工业已从机床工业中分离出来，并发展成为独立的工业部门，其产值已超过机床工业的产值。改革开放以来，我国的模具工业发展也十分迅速。近年来，每年都以15,的增长速度快速发展。许多模具企业十分重视技术发展。加大了用于技术进步的投入力度，将技术进步作为企业发展的重要动力。此外，许多科研机构和大专院校也开展了模具技术的研究与开发。模具行业的快速发展是使我国成为世界超级制造大国的重要原因。今后，我国要发展成为世界制造强国，仍将依赖于模具工业的快速发展，成为模具制造强国。 中国塑料模工业从起步到现在，历经了半个多世纪，有了很大发展，模具水平有了较大提高。在大型模具方面已能生产48"(约122CM)大屏幕彩电塑壳注射模具，6.5KG大容量洗衣机全套塑料模具以及汽车保险杠和整体仪表板等塑料模具，精密塑料模方面，以能生产照相机塑料件模具，多形腔小模数齿轮模具及塑封模具。经过多年的努力，在模具CAD/CAE/CAM技术，模具的电加工和数控加工技术，快速成型与快速制模技术，新型模具材料等方面取得了显著进步;在提高模具质量和缩短模具设计制造周期等方面作出了贡献。 尽管我国模具工业有了长足的进步，部分模具已达到国际先进水平，但无论是数量还是质量仍满足不了国内市场的需要，每年仍需进口10多亿美元的各类大型，精密，复杂模具。与发达国家的模具工业相比，在模具技术上仍有不小的差距。今后，我国模具行业应在以下几方面进行不断的技术创新，以缩小与国际先进水平的距离。 (1)注重开发大型，精密，复杂模具;随着我国轿车，家电等工业的快速发展，成型零件的大型化和精密化要求越来越高，模具也将日趋大型化和精密化。 (2)加强模具标准件的应用;使用模具标准件不但能缩短模具制造周期，降低模具制造成本而且能提高模具的制造质量。因此，模具标准件的应用必将日渐广泛。 (3)推广CAD/CAM/CAE技术;模具CAD/CAM/CAE技术是模具技术发展的 nd positive security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the proof body combat operations, a-and rain-open pit operation should be set up[document 2004]54 on the issuance of the notice, commitment not to workers ongestlving the problem of default on construction project cost notification file indicates the spirit of, strictly implement the lrate services sector according to the project plan to ensure. 2.4 resolutely implement State Council issued on effectively socorpo personnel. 2.3 15 days before the start of the project to the corporate services sector provides detailed workforce planning,are chosen and construction management experience, strong expertise, extensive construction experience with similar projects n construction labor demand up to 880 days/day, need to focus on labor guarantee. We arrange production on this issue that, wgers t worker can understand and monitor salary payments. 2.2 Summary of project construction, project manager and department manaof migrant workers, fined them 10 times. Establish oversight bodies: the monthly salary payments issued, so that every migran wagest salary cards, payment of wages by the laborers team leaders sign, discovery team leader was not issued in full and on time in arrears. And laborers team leaders, workers ' wages have signed terms of reward and punishment, each migrant worker paymen neverwages may not be appropriated for its use, according to report project progress allow workers ' wages per month and on time, hole iguarantee system from top to bottom. Financial guarantee: to establish a special fund for workers ' wages, project workers ' ishingnt of wages of migrant workers undertaking signed on the protection of workers ' wages with the owners responsibility, establnts to ensure system: Project Manager and construction team, the teams and personal signature guarantee timely and full paymeangemeorkforce must have a certain number of technical workers. 2 2.1 establishment of workers ' wages, labor organizations and arrs to improve the treatment, ensure the necessary labor to maintain normal production. In order to ensure the quality of the weasureherever possible, machinery in order to reduce the amount of labor needed, restrict contracts through legal procedures, and mhedule, peaked on the 15th day of labour to the 45th day. This phase focuses on engineering subgrade earthwork, drainage, mansaid today it will mop up to 2,100. About the project, total said today it will need 92,600. According to the construction scdays, uling and measure 1, labour demand: calculated according to the schedule of the project, preparation takes about 2,400 labor astewater discharge control: emissions of wastewater discharged into the sedimentation tank in the second ... BA, labor scheduce dust. 4.4 measures to prevent water pollution: 4.4.1 mixing wsuch as open storage should be tightly covered, transportation and shipment to prevent the impurity of flying in order to red 4 天津大学2006届本科生毕业设计(论文) 一个重要里程碑。实践证明，模具CAD/CAM/CAE技术是模具设计制造的发展方向，可显著地提高模具设计制造水平。 (4)重视快速模具制造技术，缩短模具制造周期;随着先进制造技术的不断出现，模具的制造水平也在不断地提高，基于快速成形的快速制模技术，高速铣削加工技术，以及自动研磨抛光技术将在模具制造中获得更为广泛的应用。 5 security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the rope tube protection. (3) position of the switch box must be placed correctly, prohibit reverse switch operation sight must be good, if push button switch, the operator has a power switch, move the button switch must be in the 36-Volt ... (2) power cord into the drop of bend, entry must be entered after the fuse before going into the switch inside the oven to complete the grounding and zero connection terminal Board, metal casing should be zero protection. (3) tap inside the box where the air switch, GFCI above to set a separate switch. (4) the box to separate single-phase three-hole outlets, top loading protector, using single-phase equipment must be equipped with a monophase plug of the power supply. (5) where a mobile switch box, housing a reliable protection of zero (ground), equipped with a brake leak. (6) to be clearly separated from the "power", "illumination", "welding". 3, electricity lines: (1) electric line, required for overhead installation of resilient rubber sheathed cable or plastic. Adopted at the lane or road protection pipe buried underground, set up signs, connectors must be overhead or located connector box. (2) rubber cable portable power tools, lead length not more than 5 m from the switch box, without joints. (3) use mobile power tools and lighting are soft rubber cord, do not use plastic resin line instead. (4) temporary wiring installations, use a rubber or plastic insulated wires must be knob cables set up, switch set. 4, grounding and zeroing device: (1) grounding electrode available angles, steel of not less than two, depth of not less than 2 m and not less than 2.5 metres in distance between two grounding, grounding resistance is less than 4 ohm. (2) ground (neutral) wires using insulated copper wire, do not use aluminium wire for grounding (neutral) wire joints by welding, crimping a reliable electrical connection. (3) rubber cable core in the "black" or "green/Huang Shuang-color" line as the ground wire. 5, high voltage line protection: (1) in the vicinity of overhead power transmission line construction, erection of bamboo protection frame. (2) in the vicinity of high voltage cable erection Derrick (gantry), scaffolding outside power lines above the water, all safety nets (Booth). 6, handheld or mobile motor: switch box must have leakage protection devices, leakage current 30ma/0.1s, 15mA/0.1s wet job (includes the following equipment: vibration machine, polishing machine, ramming machines, submersible pumps, electric hand Planer, hand drills, grinders, cutters, pipe threader, moving lights, and so on). 7, mixer, mortar machines: (1) it must be against objects made-and rain-proof sheds. (2) drainage must be smooth, with gutters and sedimentation ponds. (3) the mixer lever must have a safety device. (4) must have a good ground (zero) device. (5) the gravel yard walls must be sturdy and reliable. (6) complete horizontal mortar mixing Drum booth. 8, hoist: (1) 致 谢 经过三个月的毕业设计忙碌之后，设计最终完成，心理有一种说不出的轻松，设计过程中遇到许多的问题，在常老师和同学的帮助下予以解决。首先要感谢伍超老师对我的指导和督促，伍老师给我指出了正确的设计方向，使我加深了对知识的理解,同时也避免了在设计过程中少走弯路，伍老师的督促使我一直把毕业设计放在心理，保证按质按量的完成;要感谢同小组同学，是大家营造了良好的学习环境，在做设计的过程中互帮互助，使我的CAD操作水平比以前有了很大提高，同时较全面的掌握了Word的编辑功能。 大专生活至此划上了圆满的句号，在南京技师学院这块土地上有众多莘莘学子辛勤的耕耘，在这块土地上我健康快乐的成长，我永远不会忘记可亲的同学，我永远记得这片土地。 nd positive security rope fence. (2) must be equipped with the proof body combat operations, a-and rain-open pit operation should be set upnt of wages of migrant workers undertaking signed on the protection of workers ' wages with the owners responsibility, establnts to ensure system: Project Manager and construction team, the teams and personal signature guarantee timely and full paymeangemeorkforce must have a certain number of technical workers. 2 2.1 establishment of workers ' wages, labor organizations and arrs to improve the treatment, ensure the necessary labor to maintain normal production. In order to ensure the quality of the weasureherever possible, machinery in order to reduce the amount of labor needed, restrict contracts through legal procedures, and mn construction labor demand up to 880 days/day, need to focus on labor guarantee. We arrange production on this issue that, whole ihedule, peaked on the 15th day of labour to the 45th day. This phase focuses on engineering subgrade earthwork, drainage, mansaid today it will mop up to 2,100. About the project, total said today it will need 92,600. According to the construction scdays, uling and measure 1, labour demand: calculated according to the schedule of the project, preparation takes about 2,400 labor astewater discharge control: emissions of wastewater discharged into the sedimentation tank in the second ... BA, labor scheduce dust. 4.4 measures to prevent water pollution: 4.4.1 mixing wsuch as open storage should be tightly covered, transportation and shipment to prevent the impurity of flying in order to red [document 2004]54 on the issuance of the notice, commitment not to workers ongestlving the problem of default on construction project cost notification file indicates the spirit of, strictly implement the lrate services sector according to the project plan to ensure. 2.4 resolutely implement State Council issued on effectively socorpo personnel. 2.3 15 days before the start of the project to the corporate services sector provides detailed workforce planning,are chosen and construction management experience, strong expertise, extensive construction experience with similar projects gers t worker can understand and monitor salary payments. 2.2 Summary of project construction, project manager and department manaof migrant workers, fined them 10 times. Establish oversight bodies: the monthly salary payments issued, so that every migran wagest salary cards, payment of wages by the laborers team leaders sign, discovery team leader was not issued in full and on time in arrears. And laborers team leaders, workers ' wages have signed terms of reward and punishment, each migrant worker paymen neverwages may not be appropriated for its use, according to report project progress allow workers ' wages per month and on time, guarantee system from top to bottom. Financial guarantee: to establish a special fund for workers ' wages, project workers ' ishing 6