需要复习的单词

需要复习的单词 abate-interlope , 105 words abate [E5beIt] v. 减轻，减低 to reduce in degree or intensity:MODERATE:to reduce in value or amount abate:tax = alleviate:distress 降低:税 = 减轻:压力 (动宾关系) abate:force = fade:loudness 减轻:力量 = 减弱:声音 (动宾关系) abate:degree = discount:price 减轻:程度 = 减价:价格 (动宾关系) abate:force = attenuate:thickness 减轻:力量 = 使...薄:厚度 (动宾关系) abate:intensity = fade:loudness 减轻:强度 = 减弱:声音 (动宾关系) alleviate:intensity = abate:tax 减轻:强度 = 降低:税 (动宾关系) ate:intensity = taper:width ab 减轻:强度 = 逐渐变细:宽(动宾关系) thin:density/intensity = abate:length 使变薄:强度 = 减少:长度 (动宾关系)【注:对应不工整】 abate ? intensify/promote 降低 ? 加强/提升 abate ? augment 减弱 ? 增加，扩大 abate ? increase in intensity 减弱 ? 剧烈增长 Synonyms: ANNIHILATE , abolish, eradicate, exterminate, extirpate Sample:Although their initial anger had abated somewhat, they continued to berate the careless worker who had broken the machine. abstinent adj. 饮食有度的,有节制的,禁欲的 voluntary forbearance especially from indulgence of an appetite or craving or from eating some foods:ABSTENTION Synonyms: ABSTEMIOUS, abstentious, continent, self-restraining, sober, temperate Sample:The Catholic Church demands abstinence of its priests. acquiesce [AkwI5es] v. 勉强同意,默许 to accept, comply, or submit tacitly or passively intransigent:acquiesce = deferential:offend 不妥协的:默许 = 恭敬的:冒犯(形容词和名词的反义关系) acquiesce:yield = {capitulate:categorical} 默许:同意 = {有条件投降:无条件的} acquiesce ? resist 默许 ? 抵制，抵抗 acquiesce ? defy 顺从 ? 抗拒 Synonyms: ASSENT, accede, agree, consent, subscribe, yes Sample:Far from being unctuous, Pat was always loath to appear acquiescent. acquisition [AkwI5zIF(E)n] n. 获得,添加物品 the act of acquiring divestiture ? acquisition 剥夺 ? 获得 Synonyms: ACQUIREMENT, accomplishment, achievement, attainment, finish Sample:In contrast to the incuriosity with which the acquisition of language by young children was once regarded, the process by which such learning occurs has now become the object of scrutiny . acquit [E5kwIt] vt.宣告无罪, 脱卸义务和责任, 还清(债务) to discharge completely Synonyms: EXCULPATE, absolve, clear, disculpate, exonerate, vindicate Sample:The widespread public shock at the news of the guilty verdict was caused partly by biased news stories that had predicted acquittal. aggrieve [E`^ri:v] vt. 使委屈,使苦恼,侵害 to give pain or trouble to:DISTRESS aggrieve ? gratify 使委屈 ? 使满足 Synonyms: DISTRESS, constrain, grieve, hurt, injure, pain, outrage, persecute Sample:She is the aggrieved person whose fiancé did not show up for their wedding. allay [5AleI] vt. 使镇静,使缓和 to subdue or reduce in intensity or severity:ALLEVIATE allay ? increase the intensity of/aggravate/intensify 缓和 ? 加重 allay ? excite {compel} 使镇静,使缓和 ? 使兴奋 { 强迫 } allay ? arouse 使镇静 ? 唤醒 allay ? exacerbate 缓和 ? 恶化 foment ? allay 煽动 ? 减轻 Synonyms: RELIEVE, alleviate, assuage, lighten, mitigate, mollify, lull, tranquilize allude [E5lu:d] vi. 暗示，间接提到 to make indirect reference; broadly:REFER intimate:communicate = allude:refer 暗示:通信 = 暗指:提及(行为及其特殊方式) allude ? mention explicitly 暗示，暗指 ? 明白的提及 Synonyms: REFER , advert, bring up, point (out) Sample:Although scientists claim that the seemingly literal language of their reports is more precise than the figurative language of fiction, the language of science, like all language, is inherently allusive. ambivalent [Am5bIvElEnt] adj. 有矛盾看法的，正反感情并存的 continual fluctuation (as between one thing and its opposite) Sample:The senator’s remark that she is ambivalent about running for a second term is persuasive given the extremely apathetic fund-raising activities of her campaign committee. anemic [E5ni:mIk] adj.贫血的, 患贫血症的 lacking force, vitality, or spirit anemic ? strong/hale 贫血的 ? 强壮的/健康的 Synonyms: PALE, bloodless, pallid, waterish, watery anesthetic [AnEs5WetIk] n. 麻醉剂,麻药 lacking awareness or sensitivity analgesic:pain = anesthetic:sensation 止痛剂:疼痛 = 麻醉剂:感觉 (消除关系) aseptic:disinfections = anesthetic:numbs 防腐剂:消毒 = 麻醉剂:麻木(药品及其作用) pain:analgesic = sensation:anesthetic 疼痛:止痛剂 = 感觉:麻醉剂 (消除关系) aseptic:disinfections = anesthetic:numbs 防腐剂:消毒 = 麻醉剂:麻木 (药品及其作用) sensation ? anesthesia 感觉 ? 麻痹 Synonyms: ANODYNE, analgesic, pain-killer Sample:His monotonous voice acted like an anesthetic; his audience was soon asleep. anomalous [E5nRmElEs] adj. 不规则的,反常的 inconsistent with or deviating from what is usual, normal, or expected:IRREGULAR, UNUSUAL anomaly:paradigmatic = blemish:flawless 异常的人:模范的 = 缺点:无缺点的(事物及其反面特征) anomalous ? typical/conformity to norms 反常的 ? 典型的/符合的 Synonyms: ABNORMAL, aberrant, atypical, deviant, deviative, heteroclite, preternatural, unrepresentative, untypical Sample:He was placed in the anomalous position of seeming to approve procedures that he despised. anticipatory [An5tIsIpeItErI] adj.预想,预期的 to give advance thought, discussion, or treatment to retrospective ? anticipatory 回顾的 ? 预期的 Synonyms: EXPECTANT, anticipant, anticipative, atiptoe, expecting Sample:The skeleton of a primitive. bird that was recently discovered indicated that this ancient creature anticipated today’s birds in that, unlike earlier birds and unlike reptilian ancestors, it had not a tooth in its head. antiquated [5AntIkweItId] adj.陈旧的, 旧式的,过时的 existing since or belonging to earlier times:ANCIENT Synonyms: ANCIENT , aged, age-old, antediluvian, hoary, Noachian, old, timeworn, venerable Sample:Contrary to the antiquated idea that the eighteenth century was a tranquil island of elegant assurance, evidence reveals that life for most people was filled with uncertainty and insecurity. aphorism [5AfErIz(E)m] n. 格言 a terse formulation of a truth or sentiment:ADAGE brevity:aphorism = distortion:caricature 简短:格言 = 曲解:漫画 (事物及其正面特征) euphemism:offensive = aphorism:diffusive 委婉的说法:令人不快的 = 格言:冗长的 (事物及其反面特征) pithiness:aphorism = exaggeration:caricature 简洁:警语 = 夸张:漫画 (事物及其正面特征) Synonyms: MAXIM, apothegm, axiom, brocard, dictum, gnome, moral, rule, truism Sample:In response to the follies of today's commercial and political worlds, the author does not express inflamed indignation, but rather affects the detachment and smooth aphoristic prose of an eighteenth-century wit. apiary [5epIErI] n.养蜂场, 蜂房 a place where bees are kept; especially :a collection of hives or colonies of bees kept for their honey apiary:bee = cage:pet 蜂房:蜜蜂 = 笼子:宠物 Sample:Although he spent many hours daily in the apiary, he was very seldom stung by a bee. ascendant [E5sendEnt] n. 运星,运道,支配力,优势 governing or controlling influence:DOMINATION ascendant ? having no influence 占优势的 ? 没有影响力的 ascendant ? having no power 占优势的 ? 没有影响力的 Synonyms: SUPREMACY, ascendancy, dominance, domination, dominion, masterdom, preeminence, preponderance, prepotence, sovereignty Sample:In an age without radio or recordings, an age dominated by print, fiction gained its greatest ascendancy. atone [E5tEJn] v. 赎罪，补偿，弥补 to supply satisfaction for:EXPIATE guilt:expiation/atonement = fatigue:repose ( take a rest ) 罪行:赎罪 = 疲劳:休息 (消除关系) Sample:He knew no way in which he could atone for his brutal crime. badinage [bAdEn5B:V] n. 打趣，嘲弄 playful repartee:BANTER badinage ? serious conversation 打趣 ? 严肃的对话 badinage ? sincere conversation 打趣 ? 真诚的对话 Synonyms: BANTER, backchat Sample:Her friends at work greeted the news of her engagement with cheerful badinage. balk [bC:lk] n. 障碍，错误，失败 vt. 阻止，突然停止，退缩 to check or stop by or as if by an obstacle:BLOCK balk ? move ahead willingly 突然停止 ? 欣然前行 Synonyms: FRUSTRATE , baffle, circumvent, foil, thwart Sample:The chief of police balked at sending his officers into the riot-torn area. bent [bent] n.倾向, 爱好 a strong inclination or interest:BIAS Synonyms: LEANING, disposition, inclination, inclining, penchant, predilection, predisposition, proclivity, propensity, tendency Sample:Because the high seriousness of their narratives resulted in part from their metaphysics, Southern writers were praised for their philosophical bent.(9504) bleach vt. 漂白 [bli:tF] to remove color or stains from Synonyms: WHITEN, blanch, blench, decolor, decolorize, white Sample:The sun bleached the curtains hanging out to dry. boding [`bEJdIN] n. 凶兆，前兆，预感 adj. 凶兆的 an omen, prediction, or presentiment especially of coming evil:PORTENT ,FOREBODING auspicious ? boding ill 吉祥的 ? 凶兆的 Synonyms: OMINOUS, baleful, baneful, fateful, ill-omened, inauspicious, unlucky, unpropitious boor [bJE(r)] n. 粗野的人,不懂礼貌的人,农民 a rude or insensitive person insensitive:boor = mischievous:imp 感觉迟钝的:粗野的人 = 淘气的:顽童 ( 人物及其正面特征) sensitive:boor = sagacity:simpleton 敏感的:粗野的人 = 聪明:笨蛋 (人物及其反面特征) Synonyms: chuff, churl, clodhopper, clown Sample:Though Mr. Potts constantly interrupted his wife, she ignored his boorish behavior, for she had lost hope of teaching him courtesy. brackish [5brAkIF] adj. 有盐味的,可厌的 REPULSIVE brackish:repulse = ?? 可厌的:厌恶 = ?? (形容词及其动词的同义关系) Sample:He found the only wells in the area were brackish; drinking the water made him nauseous. brash [brAF] adj. 性急的,仓促的,无礼的,傲慢的 done in haste without regard for consequences frivolous:gravity = brash:discretion 无关紧要的:严重或重大 = 轻率的;鲁莽的:慎重周到 (形容词与名词的反义关系) candor:subterfuge = brash:deliberate 直率:托词 = 仓促:深思熟虑 (反义关系) Synonyms: RASH, hasty, hot-headed, ill-advised, incautious, inconsiderate, mad-brained, madcap, reckless, thoughtless Sample:The brash insurance salesman invaded the sacrosanct privacy of the office of the president of the company. brisk [brIsk] adj. 敏锐的,凛冽的,活泼的 keenly alert:LIVELY ponderous ? lively/vibrant/brisk 沉闷的 ? 活泼的/活跃的/活泼的 Synonyms: AGILE, active, lively, nimble, sprightly, spry, yare, zippy Sample:brisk wind blew through our hair. bromide [5brEJmaId] n. 溴化物(镇静药用)，平庸的人或物 a commonplace or hackneyed statement or notion equivocation:misleading = bromide:hackneyed 模棱两可的话:易引起误解的 = 平庸的人或物:不新奇的 (事物及其正面特征) bromide ? unhackneyed 平庸的人或物 ? 新奇的 【注:词性不符】 Synonyms: COMMONPLACE, banality, platitude, rubber stamp, shibboleth, tag, truism Sample:"Have a nice day" is a bromide. bungle [5bQN^(E)l] vt.vi. 拙劣地工作,粗制滥造,失败 to act or work clumsily and awkwardly bungle ? bring off 失败 ? 大成功 Synonyms: ERROR, blooper, blunder, boner, bull, fluff, lapse, mistake, slip Sample:I was afraid you would bungle his assignment but I had no one else to send. burrow [5bQrEJ] n. (兔子等)所掘的地洞，v. 挖洞 to construct by tunneling ditch:canyon = burrow:cavern 沟:峡谷 = 地洞:大洞(程度类比) Synonyms: LAIR, couch, den, lodge, HOVEL, hole, SNUGGLE, cuddle, nestle, nuzzle Sample:Some animals burrow with their paws. cache [kAF] n.隐藏处所, 隐藏的粮食或物资, 贮藏物 A hiding place used especially for storing provisions. cache:hidden = summit:inaccessible 隐藏处:隐藏的 = 顶点:难达到的 (事物及其正面特征) Sample: The detectives followed the suspects until he led them to the cache where he had stored his loot. Synonyms: HIDE, bury, bush up, conceal, cover, ensconce, plant, screen, secrete, stash caisson [5keIs(E)n] n. 弹药箱,弹药车,潜水箱(水中用) a usually 2-wheeled vehicle for artillery ammunition attachable to a horse-drawn limber chevron:badge = caisson:cart = 弹药车:载货车 (种属关系) V形袖章:徽章 cantankerous [kAn5tANkErEs] adj(脾气坏的，好争吵的 difficult or irritating to deal with Synonyms: bearish, cankered, cranky, cross-grained, crotchety, ornery, vinegarish, vinegary, waspish, waspy Sample:Constantly complaining about his treatment and refusing to cooperate with the hospital staff, he was a cantankerous patient. capitulate [kE5pItjJleIt] v. (有条件地)投降。 to cease resisting:ACQUIESCE acquiesce:yield = { capitulate:categorical} 默许:同意 = {有条件投降:无条件的} capitulate ? resist 投降 ? 抵抗 capitulation ? resistance 投降 ? 抵抗 capitulate ? oppose 屈服 ? 抗争 Synonyms: YIELD, bow, buckle (under), cave, defer, knuckle(under), submit, succumb carouse [kE5raJz] vi. 闹饮喧哗地、畅饮地狂欢作乐 to drink liquor deeply or freely roisterer:carouse = recluse:withdraw 喝酒喧哗者:喧哗地喝酒 = 隐士:隐退(人物的特征动作) , frolic, hell, riot, Synonyms: BINGE, bat, bender, booze, drunk, jag, spree, tear, REVEL roister, spree, wassail Sample:They caroused all night, going from one bar to another. castigate [5kAstI^eIt] v. 申斥，苛责，强烈反对 to subject to severe punishment, reproof, or criticism castigation:disapproval = crime:misbehave 强烈反对:反对 = 犯罪:举止不当(程度类比) castigation:reproof = denunciation:denial{ glorification:merit } 苛责:谴责 = 驳斥:否定 (程度类比) peccadillo:sin = admonishment:castigation 小过失:罪过 = 小谴责:苛责(程度类比) castigation:reproof = loathing:dislike 苛责:谴责 = 讨厌:不喜欢(程度类比) castigation:reproof = soaking:damp 苛责:谴责 = 湿透的:潮湿的 accolade ? castigation 称赞 ? 斥责 Synonyms: LAMBASTE, blister, excoriate, flay, lash (into), scarify, scathe, scorch, scourge, slash Sample:Sensitive even to mild criticism, Woolf could not bear castigation that she found in certain reviews. caveat [5kAvIAt] n.警告; 防止误解的说明 a warning enjoining one from certain acts or practices overture/preamble:introductory = caveat:warning/ cautionary 序曲:介绍性的 = 告诫:警告的(正面特征) Synonyms: WARNING, admonition, caution, forewarning, monition ceramic [sI5rAmIk] n.陶瓷制品 adj.陶器的 of or relating to the manufacture of any product (as earthenware, porcelain, or brick) made essentially from a nonmetallic mineral (as clay) by firing at a high temperature shard:ceramic = crumb:cake 碎片:陶瓷制品 = 碎屑:蛋糕(事物及其破碎状态) Sample:Square ceramic tiles cover the bathroom walls. chagrin [FE5^ri:n]n. 懊恼, 气愤, 委屈 disquietude or distress of mind caused by humiliation, disappointment, or failure chagrin:mind = grimace:face 懊恼:情绪 = 痛苦的表情:脸 (行为及其来源) chagrin ? elated 懊恼 ? 兴高采烈的 【注:词性不符】 chagrin ? cheerful 懊恼 ? 高兴的 chagrin ? proud satisfaction 气恼 ? 非常满足 Sample:He made a bad mistake, much to his chagrin. chary [5tFeErI] adj.仔细的, 谨慎的, 吝啬的 vigilant about dangers and risks b:slow to grant, discreetly cautious:as a:hesitant and accept, or expend chary ? rash 谨慎的 ? 卤莽的 Synonyms: CAUTIOUS, calculating, careful, circumspect, considerate, discreet, gingerly, guarded, safe, wary Sample:A prudent, thrifty New Englander, DeWitt was as chary of investing money in junk bonds as he was chary of paying people unnecessary compliments. chic [Fi:k,FIk] adj. 漂亮的，时髦的 smart elegance and sophistication especially of dress or manner:STYLE Synonyms: FASHION, craze, cry, dernier cri, fad, furore, mode, rage, style, vogue chicanery [FI5keInErI] n(欺诈，欺骗 deception by artful subterfuge or sophistry:TRICKERY chicanery:clever = tactlessness:truthful 欺诈:机灵的 = 不圆滑的:真诚的 (褒贬程度关系) gullible:chicanery = servile:domination 易受骗的:欺骗 = 易屈服的:控制 (因果关系) chicanery ? forthrightness {deep conviction/firm opposition} 狡辩 ? 直率 {深信/坚定反对} Synonyms: DECEPTION, chicane, dishonesty, double-dealing, fourberie, fraud, hanky-panky, highbinding, sharp practice, trickery Sample:Your deceitful tactics in this case are indications of chicanery. choleric [5kRlErIk] adj. 易怒的，暴躁的 easily moved to often unreasonable or excessive anger:hot-tempered cowardice:intimidate = choler:antagonize 懦弱:胁迫 = 愤怒:使敌对(事物个性及其被动特征) choleric ? difficult to provoke 易怒的 ? 难被激怒 choleric ? pacific 易怒的 ? 平静的 Synonyms: choleric, crabbed, cranky, irascible, irritable, testy Sample:His flushed, angry face indicated a choleric nature. clarion [ 5klAriEn ] n. 尖音号角,adj. 清澈响亮的 loud and clear clarion ? soft and undistinct ? 低声不可辨的 响亮的 Synonyms: FAIR, clear, cloudless, fine, pleasant, rainless, sunny, sunshiny, unclouded, undarkened Sample:We woke to the clarion to muffle its striking. cliche [kli:5Fei] adj. 陈腐的 a trite phrase or expression hodgepodge:uniformity = cliche:original 混合物:一致 = 陈腐的:原创 (反义关系) equivocate:misleading = cliched:hackneyed 模棱两可:误导 = 陈腐的:常见的 【注:词性不符】 Synonyms: COMMONPLACE, banality, bromide, platitude, prosaicism, prosaism, rubber stamp, shibboleth, tag, truism Sample:High school compositions are often marred by such cliches as "strong as an ox." cogent [5kEJdVEnt] adj. 强有力的, 使人信服的,恰到好处的 appealing forcibly to the mind or reason:CONVINCING cogent:convince = repugnant:repel 有说服力的:令人信服的 = 让人讨厌的:令人厌恶的 (程度关系) cogent ? unconvincing 有说服力的 ? 不令人信服的 Synonyms: VALID, convincing, satisfactory, satisfying, solid, sound, telling Sample:She presented cogent arguments to the jury. combustible [kEm5bQstIb(E)l] adj. 易燃的,燃烧性的,易动激情的 capable of combustion impervious:friable = nonflammable:combustible 不会损害的:脆弱的 = 不可燃的:易燃烧的 (反面特征) Sample:After the recent outbreak of fires in private homes, the fire commissioner ordered that all combustible materials be kept in safe containers. compunction [kEm5pQNkF(E)n] n. 良心的责备,后悔,悔恨 anxiety arising from awareness of guilt compunction ? absence of misgiving { animosity } 后悔 ? 没有疑虑 Synonyms: PENITENCE, attrition, contriteness, contrition, penance, penitency, remorse, repentance, rue, ruth Sample:The judge was especially severe in this sentencing because he felt that the criminal had shown no compunction for his heinous crime. condign [kEn5daIn] adj. 相当的,适宜的 deserved, appropriate condign ? undeserved/unmerited 适宜的 ? 不应得的/不配的 Synonyms: JUST, appropriate, deserved, due, merited, requisite, rhadamanthine, right, rightful, suitable Sample:The public approved the condign punishment for the crime. congeal [kEn5dVi:l] v. (使)冻结, (使)凝结 to make viscid or curdled:COAGULATE congeal ? melt/disintegrated 凝固 ? 熔化 congeal ? fail to solidify 凝固 ? 不能凝固 Synonyms: COAGULATE, clot, gel, gelate Sample:His blood congealed in his veins as he saw the dread monster rush toward him. connive [kE5naIv] vi.默许, 纵容, 暗中合作, 密谋 to cooperate secretly or have a secret understanding connive:cooperate = pry:watch 暗中合作:合作 = 窥探:注视 (特殊行为及其正常状态) uncouth:churl = conspiratorial:conniver 粗俗的:粗野的人 = 阴谋的:阴谋家 (人物及其正面特征) Synonyms: PLOT, cogitate, collude, conspire, contrive, devise, intrigue, machinate, scheme (out) Sample:With the connivance of his friends, he plotted to embarrass the teacher. consummate [5kRnsEmeIt] adj.完美的,极致的,圆满的 Complete in every detail; of the highest degree; extremely skilled and accomplished. consummate ? amateurish 完善的 ? 不熟练的 Synonyms: accomplished, finished, perfected, ripe, virtuosic Sample:I have never seem anyone who makes as many stupid errors as you do; you must be a consummate idiot. contempt [kEn5tempt] n. 轻视,轻蔑 the act of despising:the state of mind of one who despises:DISDAIN measly:contemptibly = puny:weakly 下贱的:下贱地 = 微弱的:微弱地 (形容词和副词的同义关系) paragon:admire = pariah:contempt 模范:钦佩:贱民:轻视 (动作及其对象关系) redoubtable:regard/awe = despicable:scorn/contempt/disregard 著名的:尊敬/敬畏 = 可鄙的:轻蔑 (人物特征及其被动行为) wince:pain = smile:pleasure = pout:displeasure = sneer:contempt 畏缩:疼痛 = 微笑:高 兴 = 撅嘴:不高兴 = 嘲笑:轻视(动作及其表示情感) despicable:contempt = reprehensible:censure 可鄙的:鄙视 = 应受斥责的:斥责 (人物特征及其被动行为) scoff:contempt = thankful:gratitude 嘲笑:轻蔑 = 感谢:感谢 (同义关系) hilarious:laughter = contemptible:distain 欢闹的:笑 = 可鄙的:贬损 (行为及其所表达的含义) estimable ? contemptible 可尊敬的 ? 可轻视的 deify ? watch with contempt 神化 ? 蔑视 Synonyms: DESPITE, despisal, despisement, disdain, disparagement, scorn Sample:Marshal Philippe Pertain, unlike any other French citizen of this century, has been, paradoxically, the object of both great veneration and great contempt. contrite [5kRntraIt] adj. 悔悟了的,后悔的,痛悔的 grieving and penitent for sin or shortcoming apologize:contrite = compliment:impressed 道歉:后悔的 = 称赞:受感动的 (动作及其表示感情) penitent:contrition = ?? 悔过的:后悔 = ?? impenitent ? contrite 不悔悟的 ? 后悔的 Synonyms: REMORSEFUL, apologetic, attritional, compunctious, penitent, penitential, regretful, repentant, sorry Sample:Her contrite tears did not influence the judge when he imposed sentence. convulsion [kEn5vQkF(E)n] n. 骚动，痉挛 an abnormal violent and involuntary contraction or series of contractions of the muscles convulsion:contraction = frenzy:emotion (动作程度类比) 痉挛:收缩 = 狂暴:激动 Synonyms: COMMOTION, clamor, ferment, outcry, tumult, upheaval, upturn Sample:He began to choke and went into convulsions. covetous [5kQvItEs] adj. 贪婪的，贪心的 marked by inordinate desire for wealth or possessions or for another's possessions troubled:distraught = covetous:rapacious 不平静的:发狂的 = 贪心的:强夺贪婪的(程度类比) mania:enthusiasm = rapacity:covetous 极端狂热的:热情 = 十分贪婪:贪婪的(程度类比) Synonyms: acquisitive, desirous, grabby, greedy Sample:The child was covetous by nature and wanted to take the toys belonging to his classmates. cramp [krAmp] adj. 狭窄的,难解的 restricted; narrowed commodious ? constricted/cramped 宽敞的 ? 狭窄的/狭促的 Synonyms: RESTRICTION , circumscription, limitation, stint, stricture Sample:She lives in a cramped little apartment. crockery [5krRkErI] n.陶器, 瓦器 EARTHENWARE crockery:earthenware = ?? 陶器:瓦器 = ?? (同义关系) cryptic [5krIptIk] adj. 秘密的,神秘的,含义模糊的 having or seeming to have a hidden or ambiguous meaning:MYSTERIOUS cipher:cryptic = precis:concise 暗号:秘密的 = 摘要:简洁的 (事物及其正面特征) cryptic:perplex = ?? 神秘的:使困惑 = ?? (形容词和动词同义关系) cryptic ? self explain 含义模糊的 ? 能自我解释的 cryptic ? self explanatory 含义模糊的 ? 能自我解释的 Synonyms: dark, Delphian, enigmatic, mystifying Sample:His cryptic remarks could not be interpreted. debonair [debE5neE(r)] adj.殷勤的, 高兴的, 快活的, 温文尔雅的 LIGHTHEARTED, NONCHALANT Sample:The debonair youth was liked by all who met him, because of his cheerful and obliging manner. decadence [5dekEdEns] n. 衰落，颓废 the process of becoming decadent:the quality or state of being decadent decadence ? wholesomeness 颓废 ? 健康 Synonyms: DETERIORATION, declension, declination, decline, degeneracy, degeneration, devolution, downfall, downgrade Sample:The moral decadence of the people was reflected in the lewd literature of the period. decrepit [dI5krepIt] adj. 衰老的，破旧的 wasted and weakened by or as if by the infirmities of old age decrepit ? vigorous 衰老的 ? 健壮的 decrepit ? sturdy 衰老的 ? 健壮的 decrepit ? sound 衰老的 ? 健康的 decrepit ? robust 衰老的 ? 健壮的 decrepid ? hale 衰老的 ? 强壮的 Synonyms: WEAK, feeble, flimsy, fragile, frail, infirm, insubstantial, unsound, unsubstantial, weakly Sample:I was unprepared for the state of decrepitude in which I had found my old friend; he seemed to have aged twenty years in six months. delve [delv] vt. & vi. 探究,查考 to make a careful or detailed search for information quaff:sip = delve:skim 痛饮:啜吸 = 探究:浏览 (程度类比) scrutinize:gloss = delve:skim 细看:简短的说明 = 探究:浏览 (程度类比) Synonyms: DIG, excavate, grub, shovel, spade Sample:Delving into old books and manuscripts is part of a researcher's job. demise [dI5maIz] n.死亡 vt. 让渡,遗赠,转让 DIE, DECEASE Synonyms: DEATH, curtains, decease, defunction, dissolution, passing, quietus, silence, sleep Sample:The demise of the rigorous academic curriculum in high school resulted, in part, from the progressive rhetoric that sanctioned the study of subjects previously thought inappropriate as part of school learning. deportation [di:pC:5teIF(E)n]n. 驱逐,放逐 the removal from a country of an alien whose presence is unlawful or prejudicial deportation:country = eviction:dwelling 驱逐:国家 = 逐出:住处 (行为及其作用范围) Synonyms: EXILE, banishment, displacement, expulsion, ostracism, relegation Sample:Prison officials took her to the airport for deportation. derelict [5derIlIkt] n. 遗弃物,被遗弃的人,玩忽职守者 a destitute homeless social misfit:VAGRANT, BUM stickler:derelict = poseur:unaffected 坚持己见的人: 玩忽职守的 = 装模做样的人:自然的(人物及其反面特征) derelict ? pillar of society 被遗弃的人 ? 国之栋梁 Synonyms: OUTCAST, castaway, Ishmael, Ishmaelite, leper, offscouring, pariah, untouchable Sample:Derelicts often beg on the streets. derogatory [dI5rR^EtC:rI] adj. 贬损的 expressive of a low opinion:DISPARAGING Synonyms: depreciative, depreciatory, detracting, disadvantageous, disparaging, dyslogistic, pejorative, slighting, uncomplimentary Sample:The two candidates for mayor criticized each other's ideas, but without making derogatory remarks. detritus [dI5traItEs] n. 碎石, 堆积物;废墟: a product of disintegration, destruction, or wearing away detritus ? valuable product 堆积物;废墟 ? 有用的物品 Synonyms: DEBRIS Sample:The road was blocked by the detritus from a rock slide. devolve [ di5vClv ] vt.转移, 传下, [生物] 退化, 衰落 to cause to roll onward or downward devout [dI5vaJt] adj. 虔诚的,虔敬的,衷心的 devoted to religion or to religious duties or exercises religion:devoutness = canon:orthodoxy 宗教:虔诚的 = 宗教法规:正统的 (事物及其正面特征) impiety ? devoutness 不虔诚 ? 虔诚 Synonyms: godly, holy, pietistic, pious, prayerful, religious Sample:She is a devout Catholic discombobulate [9dIskEm`bCbjJleIt] v. 扰乱，使困惑陷入混乱的状态 discombobulated:order = erratic:consistency 困惑陷入混乱的:秩序 = 无规律的缺乏连续性:连续(缺乏关系) discombobulate ? compose 扰乱 ? 调解 Synonyms: DISCOMPOSE, agitate, bother, disquiet, disturb, flurry, fluster, perturb, unhinge, upset Sample:The noise discombobulates him so that he can't think. discompose [dIskEm5pEJz] vt. 使不安,使烦乱,使烦恼 to destroy the composure of discompose:pacific = fabricate:authentic 使不安:平息的 = 编造, 捏造:真实的(动词与形容词的反义关系) discompose:placid = fabricate:ingenuous 使不安:平息的 = 编造, 捏造:坦白的(动词与形容词的反义关系) discompose:pacific = engage:tedious 使不安:平静 = 使忙碌:单调 (行为及其消除对像) discompose ? pacificate 使不安 ? 使镇静 Synonyms: agitate, bother, discombobulate, dismay, disquiet, disturb, flurry, fluster, perturb, unhinge, unsettle, untune, upset Sample:The novice square dancer became so discomposed that he wandered into wrong set. discredit [dIs5kredIt] v.败坏…的名声;诽谤，使羞辱 to deprive of good repute:DISGRACE exhortation:motivate = invective:discredit 劝诫性的讲话:推动 = 辱骂:诽谤，使羞辱(行为及其目的) Synonyms: blow up, disprove, explode, puncture, shoot Sample:Scientists have discredited many popular beliefs, like the belief the world was flat. divestiture [daI`vestItFE(r)] n. 剥夺，脱衣 the act of divesting divestiture ? acquisition 剥夺 ? 获得 Synonyms: PRIVATION, deprivation, deprivement, dispossession, loss Sample:They advised the divestiture of real-estate holdings. drench [drentF] v.湿透;浸透 to wet thoroughly (as by soaking or immersing in liquid) drenched:wet = antithetic:different 湿透:湿 = 对立相反的:不同的(程度类比) Synonyms: WET, deluge, douse, drown, soak, sop, souse Sample:The heavy rain drenched our clothes. dulcet [`dQlsIt] adj((声音)悦耳的，美妙的 pleasing to the ear cacophonous ? dulcet/euphonious 刺耳的 ? 悦耳的 Synonyms: MELODIOUS , euphonic, euphonious, mellisonant, melodic, sweet, tuneful Sample:The dulcet sounds of the birds at dawn were soon drowned out by the roar of traffic passing our motel. encomium [en5kEJmIEm] n. 赞颂，颂辞 glowing and warmly enthusiastic praise; encomium:eulogize = quibble:cavil 赞扬:颂扬 = 小反对:挑剔 (程度类比) encomium:eulogy = discontent:complain 赞美:赞辞 = 不满:抱怨 (同义关系) harsh criticism encomium ? 大力赞颂 ? 猛烈批评 Synonyms: citation, eulogy, panegyric, salutation, tribute Sample:Uneasy with the encomiums expressed by his supporters, Tolkien felt unworthy of such high praise. entreaty [In5tri:tI] n. 恳求，哀求 an act of entreating:PLEA command:entreaty = goad:enticement 命令:恳求 = 煽动:诱骗(程度类比) protest:dissuade = supplicate:entreat 抗议:劝阻 = 低三下四地恳求:恳求(程度类比) Synonyms: PRAYER, appeal, application, imploration, imprecation, orison, petition, plea, suit, supplication epitomize [I`pItEmaIz] vt. 摘要,概括 to serve as the typical or ideal example of Synonyms: condense, digest, inventory, nutshell, sum, summarize, summate, sum up, synopsize Sample:Many Americans believe that individual initiative epitomized the 1890's and see the entrepreneur as the personification of that age. excruciate [Ik`skrU:FIeIt] vt.施酷刑，拷问，折磨 to subject to intense mental distress excruciate ? exult 施酷刑 ? 欢跃 【对应不工整】 Sample:I have an excruciating stomachache (headache, back pain, etc.). exotic [e^5zRtIk] adj.外来的，异国的 introduced from another country:not native to the place where found exotic ? indigenous 外来的 ? 本土的 Sample:Because of his exotic headdress, he was followed in the streets by small children who laughed at his strange appearance. fatuous [5fAtjJEs]adj.愚昧的, 昏庸的, 发呆的, 愚笨的, 自满的 complacently or inanely foolish:SILLY fatuous ? astute 愚笨的 ? 机敏的 Synonym:simple, asinine, brainless, foolish, sheepheaded, silly, unwitty, weak-headed, weak-minded, witless. Sample:Everybody is always laughing behind his back at his fatuous statements. fetid [5fetId] adj. 有恶臭的 having a heavy offensive smell grating:sound = fetid:smell 刺耳的:声音 = 恶臭的:气味(直接修饰) fetid:smell:cacophonous:sound 恶臭的:气味 = 刺耳的:声音 (直接修饰) Synonyms: malodorous, fusty, noisome, putrid, rancid, rank, reeking, smelly, stinking, strong Sample:The neglected wound became fetid. flaccid [5flAsId] n. 软弱,没气力 or youthful firmness not firm or stiff; also :lacking normal flaccidity ? firmness 软弱 ? 坚固 Synonyms: limp, flabby, flimsy, floppy, sleazy Sample:Noting the murder victim's flaccid musculature and pearlike figure, she deduced that the unfortunate fellow had earned his living in some sedentary occupation. flout [flaJt] v\n.嘲弄,愚弄,轻视 to treat with contemptuous disregard:SCORN flout:disregard = taunt:challenge 轻视:忽视 = 嘲弄:蔑视 (因果关系) Synonyms: scoff, fleer, gibe, jeer, jest, quip(at), scout(at), sneer Sample:The headstrong youth flouted all authority; he refused to be curbed. fluster [5flQstE(r)] v. 慌乱,狼狈,混乱,激动 to put into a state of agitated confusion:UPSET flustered ? calm 慌乱的:冷静的 Synonyms: discompose, agitate, bother, discombobulate, disquiet, disturb, flurry, perturb, unhinge, upset Sample:The teacher's sudden question flustered him and he stammered his reply. foliage [5fEJlIIdV] n.树叶, 植物 the aggregate of leaves of one or more plants plumage:bird = foliage:bush 鸟类羽毛:鸟 = 树叶:树丛 (事物及其所属物) Sample:Every autumn before the leaves fell he promised himself he would drive though the New England to admire the colorful fall foliage. footloose [5fJtlu:s] adj. 自由自在的，无拘束的 having no ties:free to move about dauntless:trepidation = footloose:attachment 无畏的:恐惧 = 无拘束的:附着 (行为及其反面特征) footloose:attachment = unversed:familiarity 没有限制的:附属 = 不熟练的:熟悉 (名词与形容词的反面关系) footloose ? attached 无拘束的 ? 附着的 Sample:After military service, he was footloose and fancy-free, so he toured Europe. fret [fret] v.(使)烦恼, (使)焦急, (使)腐蚀, (使)磨损 an agitation of mind:IRRITATION draconian:inclemency = fret:vexation 严峻的:严酷 = 烦恼:烦恼 (同义关系)【 注:词性不符】 Synonyms: ANNOY, abrade, bother, chafe, exercise, gall, irk, provoke, ruffle, vex Sample:To fret over your poor grades is foolish; instead, decide to work harder in the future. furtive [5f\:tIv] adj. 偷偷的，秘密的 done by stealth:SURREPTITIOUS caprice:whimsical = stealth:furtive = discontent:unsatisfied 反复无常:反复无常的 = 偷偷:偷偷地 = 不满:不满的 (同义关系) furtive:openness = flamboyant:reserved 秘密的:公开的 = 炫耀的:保留的 (反义关系) furtive ? open/forthright/brassy 偷偷地:公开/直接/ candidly furtively ? 偷偷地 ? 坦白的 sublime ? furtive 庄严的 ? 鬼鬼祟祟的 Synonyms: secret, clandestine, covert, hugger-mugger, hush-hush, stealthy, sub-rosa, surreptitious Sample:The boy gave a furtive look at his classmate's test paper. ghastly [5^AstlI] adj. 可怕的,惊人的,惨白的 intensely unpleasant, disagreeable, or objectionable ghastly:unpleasant = ?? 可怕的:使人厌恶的 = ?? Synonyms: grim, grisly, gruesome, hideous, horrible, horrid, horrifying, lurid, macabre, terrible, terrifying Sample:The murdered man was a ghastly sight. glimmer [5^lImE(r)] v. & n. (发出)微弱的光 a:to shine faintly or unsteadily b:to give off a subdued unsteady reflection Synonyms: FLASH, coruscate, glance, gleam, glint, glisten, glitter, shimmer, sparkle, twinkle Sample:In the darkness of the cavern, the glowworms hanging from the cavern roof glimmered like distant stars. glitch [^litF] n. 干扰;误操作,小故障 a usually minor malfunction glitch:flaw = peccadillo:error/sin/offense 小故障:错误 = 小错误:错误/罪孽/犯罪(小和正常) gloat [ lEut] vi. 满足地看, 独自暗笑, 贪婪地盯%to observe or think about something with triumphant and often malicious satisfaction, gratification, or delight%primp:vain=gloat:smug%打扮:虚荣的=满足的看:自以为是的(行为及其目的)%^Sample:A glitch in the computer is stopping the printer from working. Sample:As you gloat over your ill-gotten wealth, do you think of the many victims you have defrauded? grovel [5^rRv(E)l] vi. 趴,匍匐,卑躬屈膝 to lie or creep with the body prostrate in token of subservience or abasement minion:dependent = groveler:petitioner 奴才:依赖他人者 = 卑躬屈膝:请愿者(同类人) imperious:grovel = ?? 傲慢的:卑躬屈膝 = ?? (行为及其反面特征) Synonyms: FAWN, apple-polish, bootlick, cower, cringe, honey (up), kowtow, toady, truckle Sample:Even though we have been defeated, we do not have to grovel before our conquerors. gust [^Qst] n. 突然一阵,风味 a sudden brief rush of wind gust:wind = cloudburst:rainfall {flare:light} 突然一阵:风 = 豪雨:降雨(程度关系) Synonyms: OUTBURST, access, burst, eruption, explosion, flare-up, sally Sample:The gusty weather made sailing precarious. harebrained [5heEbreInd] adj. 轻率的,欠考虑的,粗心的 FOOLISH Synonyms: GIDDY, dizzy, empty-headed, featherbrained, flighty, frivolous, rattlebrained, scatterbrained, silly, skittish Sample:He has these harebrained ideas for getting rich that always fail. homage [5hRmIdV] n. 尊崇,尊敬,效忠 expression of high regard:RESPECT counsel:advice = laud:homage 劝告:劝告 = 称赞:敬意(同义关系) homage ? disrespect 敬意 ? 失礼 Synonyms: honor, reverence, deference Sample:In her speech she tried to pay homage to a great man. ignominy [5I^nEmInI] n. 羞耻，屈辱 deep personal humiliation and disgrace ignominious ? lofty 可耻的 ? 崇高的 ignominy ? glory, honor; esteem, respect 耻辱 ? 光荣 Synonyms: DISGRACE, discredit, disesteem, dishonor, disrepute, infamy, obloquy, odium, opprobrium, shame Sample:The country smarted under the ignominious defeat and dreamed of the day when it would be victorious. immure [I5mjJE(r)] v. 监禁,禁闭 to enclose within or as if within walls b:IMPRISON immure ? release 禁闭 ? 释放 immure ? liberate 监禁 ? 解放 Synonyms: IMPRISON, bastille, confine, constrain, incarcerate, intern, jail, jug Sample:For the two weeks before the examination, the student immureed himself in his room and concentrated upon his studies. impede [Im5pi:d] v. 妨碍,阻碍 to interfere with or slow the progress of blandishment:cajole = obstacle:impede 甜言蜜语:哄骗 = 障碍:阻止(目的关系) abet ? thwart/impede 教唆，支持 ? 阻碍/阻止 facilitate ? impeding 促进 ? 阻止 impede ? promote/foment 阻碍 ? 促进/煽动 cultivate ? impede { decline } 促长 ? 阻止 { 衰败} 【注:此题争议较大】 nurture ? impede 抚育 ? 阻止 encumber ? remove impediment 阻碍 ? 除去阻碍 Synonyms: HINDER, bar, block, brake, dam, obstruct, overslaugh Sample:Although nothing could be further from the truth, freight railroads have been accused of impeding the nation's shift from oil to coal by charging exorbitant fees to transport coal. impute [Im5pju:t] adj. 可归罪的,使负责的,可嫁祸的 to lay the responsibility or blame for often falsely or unjustly imputable:nettle Synonyms: ASCRIBE, accredit, assign, attribute, charge, credit, lay, refer Sample:If I wished to impute blame to the officers in charge of this program, I would state my feelings definitely and immediately. incogitant [In`kCdVItEnt] adj. 『罕』无思想的; 粗心的; 不体谅的 THOUGHTLESS, INCONSIDERATE incogitant:thoughtful = restive:calm 粗心的:深思的 = 不安的:安静的(形容词的反义关系) incogitant:thoughtfulness = restive: calmness 粗心的:深思 = 不安的:安静(行为及其反面特征) Synonyms: RASH , brash, hasty, hotheaded, ill-advised, inconsiderate, mad-brained, reckless, thoughtless, unadvised inexorable [In5eksErEb(E)l] adj. 无情的,冷酷的,不屈不挠的 not to be persuaded or moved by entreaty:RELENTLESS inexorable:dissuasion = indomitable:conquest 无法说服的:说服 = 无法征服的:征服(形容词和名词反义关系) inexorable ? relenting 冷酷的 ? 怜惜的 Synonyms: INFLEXIBLE , adamant, dogged, obdurate, relentless, rigid, single-minded, unbending, uncompromising, unyielding Sample:After listening to the pleas for clemency, the judge was inexorable and gave punishment allowed by law. the convicted man the maximum insouciant [In5su:sIEnt] adj. 漫不经心的; 无忧无虑的 lighthearted unconcern:NONCHALANCE tenacious:yield = insouciant:worry 不屈不挠的:屈服 = 无忧无虑的:担忧(人物个性特征及其反面行为) Synonyms: HAPPY-GO-LUCKY, carefree, free-minded, lighthearted, lightsome Sample:Your insouciant attitude at such a critical moment indicates that you do not understand the gravity of the situation. interlope 闯入 [9IntE`lEJp] v.(为图私利)干涉他人之事, one that intrudes in a place or sphere of activity Synonyms: MEDDLE, busybody, butt in, fool, horn in, interfere, intermeddle, monkey (with), tamper (with) Sample:The merchant thought of his competitors as interlopers who were stealing away his trade. intuition-zeal , 116 words intuition [Intju:5IF(E)n] n.直觉, 直觉的知识 The act or faculty of knowing or sensing without the use of rational processes; immediate cognition. extraneous ? intuitive 外来的 ? 天生的 Sample:She claimed to know the truth by intuition. invective [In5vektIv] n.痛骂;恶意抨击 to, or characterized by insult or abuse of, relating exhortation:motivate = invective:discredit 劝告:促进 = 恶意抨击:轻视(动作及其表现) polemic:disputatious = invective:abusive 论战的:争论 = 谩骂的:谩骂(行为及其正面特征) invective ? flatter 谩骂的 ? 奉承 Synonyms: ABUSIVE, contumelious, opprobrious, scurrile, scurrilous, truculent, vituperative, vituperatory, vituperous Sample:He had expected criticism but not the invective that greeted his proposal. invidious [In5vIdIEs] adj(惹人反感的，招人嫉妒的 tending to cause discontent, animosity, or envy invidious ? beneficial 惹人反感的 ? 有益的 Synonyms: LIBELOUS, calumnious, defamatory, detracting, detractive, detractory, maligning, scandalous, slanderous, vilifying Sample:We disregarded her invidious remarks because we realized how jealous she was. invoice [5InvCIs]n. 发票，装货清单 a consignment of merchandise consignment:invoice = ?? 托运，寄售:装货清单 = ??( 装货清单是托运，寄售过程中的记录) Synonyms: BILL, account, reckoning, score, statement, tab Sample:Our company sends invoices to customers after they order from us. jest [dVest] n. v. 说笑，玩笑 or humor an utterance (as a jeer or quip) intended to be taken as mockery jest ? solemnity 玩笑 ? 严肃 jest ? solemn utterance 玩笑 ? 严肃的话 Synonyms: JOKE, crack, drollery, gag, jape, quip, waggery, wisecrack, witticis Sample:I said you look terrible in jest; actually, you look very pretty. jettison [5dVetIs(E)n] n.投弃, 投弃货物 to get rid of as superfluous or encumbering : DISCARD jettison ? retain ? 保留 丢弃 Synonyms: DISCARD, abdicate, cashier, cast, junk, reject, scrap, shed, slough, throw away Sample: In order to enable the ship to ride safely through the storm, the captain had to jettison much of his cargo. jolt [dVEJlt] vi. 颠簸而行,震摇 to cause to move with a sudden jerky motion jolt:move = check:stop 使颠簸:运动 = 使突然停止:停止(动作程度类比) Synonyms: SHOCK, startle Sample:If you stick s.t. into an electrical socket, you will get a jolt. lash v. 鞭打，抽打，猛烈甩动，捆扎，绑紧;n. 抽打，鞭挞 to bind with or as if with a line lash ? unbind 捆住 ? 解开 Synonyms: RUSH, boil, bolt, charge, chase, dash, fling, race, shoot, tear Sample:Sailors lashed down boxes with strong ropes before the storm. legible [5ledVIb(E)l] adj. 清晰的,易读的 capable of being read or deciphered:PLAIN legible:decipher = ?? 易读的:解释，译码 = ,, but legible. Sample:The photocopy is faint levity [5levItI] n.轻率, 轻浮, 不稳定, 多变 excessive or unseemly frivolity sullen:levity = ?? 阴沉的:轻浮 = ?? Synonyms: LIGHTNESS, flightiness, flippancy, frivolity, light-mindedness, volatility Sample:Stop giggling abd wriggling around in the pew; such levity is improper in church. loath [lEJW] adj. 不情愿的,勉强的 unwilling to do something contrary to one's ways of thinking:RELUCTANT castigation:reproof = loathing:dislike 苛责:谴责 = 讨厌:不喜欢 (程度类比) loath ? eager 不情愿的 ? 渴望的 Synonyms: DISINCLINED, afraid, averse, backward, hesitant, indisposed, reluctant, uneager, unwilling, unwishful Sample:They were both loath for him to go. loutish [`laJtIF] adj. 粗鲁的 resembling or befitting a lout genteel ? loutish 有教养的 ? 无礼的 Synonyms: BOORISH, churlish, cloddish, clodhopping, clownish, ill-bred, lowbred, uncivilized, uncultured, unrefined Sample:The delivery boy is an awkward lout. lubricate ] vt.使润滑vi.加润滑油 [[5lu:sId] to make smooth or slippery oil:lubricate = antiseptic:disinfect 油:润滑 = 杀菌剂:消毒 (事物及其功用) Synonyms: BRIBE, buy, buy off, fix, have, sop, square, tamper (with) Sample:Oils lubricate moving parts of engines and other machines. lugubrious [lu:5^ju:brIEs] adj. 郁郁不乐的，悲哀的 MOURNFUL; especially :exaggeratedly or affectedly mournful facetious ? lugubrious 滑稽的 ? 可怜的, 悲惨的, 悲哀的 lugubrious ? jovial 悲惨的 ? 快活的 Synonyms: MELANCHOLY, doleful, dolesome, dolorous, lamentable, mournful, plaintive, rueful, sorrowful, woeful Sample:The lugabrious howling of the dogs added to our sadness. mangle [5mAN^(E)l] vt.乱砍, 撕裂, 破坏, 毁损, 损坏, 轧布 to spoil, injure, or make incoherent especially through ineptitude mangle ? praise extravagantly 毁损 ? 过分的赞美 Synonyms: BATTER , maul Sample:The hospital could not take care of all who had been mangled or maimed in the railroad accident. mangy [5meIndVI] adj.(兽)疥癣的, 污秽的 having many worn or bare spots:SEEDY, SHABBY mangy ? decorous 低贱的 ? 有礼貌的 Synonyms: SHABBY, decrepit, down-at-heel, moth-eaten, scruffy, seedy, sleazy, squalid, tagrag, tattered Sample:We finally thew out the mangy rug that the dog had destroyed. martinet [mBrtn5et] n. 要求严格服从纪律的人 a strict disciplinarian martinet:discipline = pedant:learning { gourmet:food } 严格的人:纪律 = 学究:学习 (人物和动作特征) stickler:exacting = martinet:discipline 坚持者:严格苛求 = 规律严肃的人:灌输 ( 人:动作行为特征) martinet : leniency = dabbler : dedication 严格的人:宽大 = 业余学者:奉献 (人物及其反面特征) martinet ? indulgent person 规律严肃的人 ? 放纵的人 Sample:The commanding officer was a martinet who observed each regulation to the utter. matriculate [mE5trIkjJleIt] vt. 准许入学,录取 to enroll as a member of a body and especially of a college or university inauguration:official = matriculation:student 官员就职:官员 = 学生入学:学生(人及其正面特征行为) inception:termination = matriculation:graduation 起初:结束 = 入学:毕业(时间前后的对应) commencement ? matriculation 毕业典礼 ? 学生入学 Sample:She matriculated into the state university last fall. mawkish [5mC:kIF] adj. 自作多情的，令人作呕的 sickly or puerilely sentimental m mawkish/maudlin:sentiment = pedantic:scholarship 感情脆弱的:多愁善感 = 书生气的:学识 (人物具有的特征) mawkish:sentimental = peeve:annoy 让人厌恶的:多愁善感 = 使怒:使苦恼 (同义关系) mawkish:sentimental = gullible:trust 自作多情的:感伤的 = 易上当的:信任 (程度类比) mawkish ? unsentimental 自作多情的 ? 不动情感的 Synonyms: SENTIMENTAL, bathetic, lovey-dovey, maudlin, mushy, romantic, slushy, sticky, tear-jerking Sample:Your mawkish sighs fill me with disgust. mesmerism [5mezmErIzEm] n. 催眠术,催眠状态 hypnotic induction held to involve animal magnetism; broadly :HYPNOTISM zeal:dedication = mesmerism:interest 热衷:奉献 = 着迷:兴趣 (程度类比) exhaustive:careful = mesmerized:interesting 详尽的:仔细的 = 着迷:兴趣 (程度类比) Sample:The incessant drone seemed to mesmerize him and place him in a trance. meticulous [mI5tIkjJlEs] adj(细心的，注意细节的 marked by extreme or excessive care in the consideration or treatment of details firmness:obdurate = carefulness:meticulous 坚固，坚定:执迷不悟的 = 仔细的:很仔细的，一丝不苟的 (褒贬程度类比) fluent:glib = humorous:wry { meticulous:finicky } 流利的:油腔滑调的 = 幽默的:讽刺性的幽默(褒贬程度类比) meticulous ? carelessness 细心的 ? 初心的 Synonyms: CAREFUL, conscientious, conscionable, exact, fussy, heedful, painstaking, punctilious, punctual, scrupulous Sample:He was meticulous in checking his accounts and never made mistakes. minutia [maI5nju:FIE] n. 细节,细目,琐事 a minute or minor detail minutia ? essential point/vital feature 琐事 ? 要点/重要特征 minutia ? lengthy account 细节 ? 冗长的解释 minute ? gargantuan 微小的 ? 巨大的 minutia ? crucial aspects 琐事 ? 重要方面 Synonyms: TRIVIA, small beer, small change, small potato(es), triviality Sample:She would have liked to ignore the minutiae of daily living. mirth [m\:W] n(欢乐，欢笑 gladness or gaiety as shown by or accompanied with laughter mirth:laughter = approval:applause 欢乐:笑 = 赞成:鼓掌 (行为及其所表达的含义) Sample:Sober Malvolio found Sir Toby's mirth improper. misdemeanor [mIsdI5mi:nE(r)] n.不轨的行为,品行不端，过失，轻罪 a crime less serious than a felony crime:misdemeanor = commitment:decision 罪，罪行，犯罪:轻罪 = 许诺，信奉:决定，决心 (程度类比 ) misdemeanor:crime = lapse:error = 小错误:谬误，差错 (程度类比) 轻罪:罪，罪行;犯罪 Sample:The culprit pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor rather than face trial for a felony. moratorium [mRrE5tC:rIEm] n. 延期偿付,延期偿付期间，暂禁 a suspension of an ongoing or planned activity reprieve:punishment = moratorium:activity 暂缓执行政(死形):罚，惩罚 = 延期偿付:活动 (延期和正常) fast:eat = moratorium:act 绝食:吃 = 延期偿付:行动，做事 (前者是后者的停顿) moratorium:activity = respite:labor 延期偿付:活动 = 暂缓:劳动((延期和正常) tourniquet:bleeding = moratorium:activity 止血绷带:出血 = 暂停:行动 (事物及其作用对象) Sample:If we declare a moratorium and delay collection of debts for six months, I am sure the farmers will be able to meet their bills. mordant [5mC:dEnt] adj. 讥讽的，尖酸的 剧烈的，腐蚀性的 biting and caustic in thought, manner, or style:INCISIVE mordant ? genial 尖酸的 ? 和蔼 Synonyms: CAUSTIC, mordacious, salty, scathing, trenchant Sample:Actors feared the critic's mordant pen. motile [`mEJtaIl] adj. 能动的,有自动力的 exhibiting or capable of movement motility ? stasis 运动 ? 静止 Sample:Certain organisms exhibit remarkable motility; motile spores, for example, may coming to rest. travel for miles before motley [5mRtlI] adj. 杂色的,斑杂的,杂多的,混杂的 variegated in colorcomposed of diverse often incongruous elements motley ? colorless 杂色的 ? 无色的 motley ? unique 杂色的 ? 唯一的，单色 motley ? unvaried 杂色的 ? 没变化的 Synonyms: VARIEGATED, dappled, discolor, multicolor, multicolored, multihued, parti-colored, varicolored, versicolor, versicolored Sample:As described by Chaucer, the cavalcade of Canterbury pilgrims was motley group. muffle [5mQf(E)l] vt. 围裹,抑制,发低沉的声音 to wrap or pad with something to dull the sound plangent ? muffled 回音的，震颤的 resonant ? muffled 声音洪亮的 ? 声音压抑的 Sample:We woke to the clarion to muffle its striking. nag [nA^] v.叱责，抱怨不断地责骂、挑剔或强求 to irritate by constant scolding or urging tonic ? draining { nagging } 增进健康之物 ? 气力耗尽 Sample:She's always nagging her son to get a haircut. obeisance(1) n. 鞠躬，敬礼，敬意 [EJ5beIsEns] a movement of the body made in token of respect or submission:BOW obeisant:esteem = embrace:affection 鞠躬:尊敬 = 拥抱:爱 (行为及其表达内容) imperious ? servile/obeisant 专横的 ? 顺从的 impudent ? obeisant 放肆无礼的 ? 恭敬的 Synonyms: HONOR, deference, homage, reverence Sample:She made an obeisance as the king and queen entered the room. obituary [E5bItFJerI] n.讣告 a notice of a person's death usually with a short biographical account roster:staff = obituary:death 花名册:职员 = 讣告:死亡(事物及其记录内容) Sample:I first learned of her death when I read the obituary in the newspaper. oblique [E5bli:k] adj. 斜的,倾斜的,无诚意的,不坦率的，【数】非直角的，非垂直的，斜面 not straightforward:INDIRECT; also :OBSCURE oblique ? direct 倾斜的 ? 笔直的 Synonyms: INCLINED, inclining, leaning, pitched, pitching, sloped, sloping, tilted, tilting, tipped Sample:I can defend myself against direct accusations; innuendos and oblique attacks on my character are what trouble me. offbeat [Rf5bi:t] adj. 不平常的，离奇的 eccentric, unconventional offbeat ? conventional 反传统的 ? 传统的 offbeat ? bathetic 离奇的 ? 平庸的 offbeat ? hackneyed 离奇的 ? 平庸的 Synonyms: ECCENTRIC, UNCONVENTIONAL Sample:That writer has an offbeat style of using very short sentences. opulent [5RpjJlEnt] adj(富裕的，充足的 amply or plentifully provided or fashioned often to the point of ostentation spartan ? opulent 简朴的、节约的 ? 丰富的，富裕的 Synonyms: LUXURIOUS, Capuan, deluxe, luscious, lush, luxuriant, palatial, plush, sumptuous, upholstered Sample:The king of France lived in opulence in his palace. overbearing [EJvE5beErIN] adj. 傲慢的,骄傲自大的,蛮横的 harshly and haughtily arrogant unassuming ? overbearing 谦逊的 ? 傲慢的 overbearing ? meek 傲慢的 ? 谦逊的 Synonyms: PROUD, arrogant, cavalier, disdainful, haughty, high-and-mighty, insolent, lordly, supercilious, superior Sample:Certain of her own importance and of the unimportance of everyone else, Lady Bracknell was intolerably overbearing in manner. pallid [5pAlId] adj.苍白的, 暗淡的 Having an abnormally pale or wan complexion rubicund ? pallid 红润的 ? 苍白的 piquant ? pallid 兴奋的 ? 无生气 Synonyms: PALE, ashen, ashy, blanched, colorless, complexionless, doughy, lurid, wan, waxen Sample:Her complexion was pallid when she was ill. palter [`pR:ltE(r)] vi. 含糊其词,马虎处理,讨价还价,敷衍了事 to act insincerely or deceitfully palter:candor = diehard:budge 含糊其词:诚挚 = 顽固:移动 ( 行为及其反面特征) palter ? candor 含糊其词 ? 坦率 Synonyms: LIE, equivocate, falsify, fib, prevaricate pander [5pAndE(r)] v.迎合 to act as a pander; especially:to provide gratification for others' desires Synonyms: PIMP, bully, fancy man, macquereau Sample:The reviewer accused the makers of Lethal Weapon of pandering to the masses' taste of violence. paroxysm [5pArEksizEm] n.发作, 突发 a sudden violent emotion or action : OUTBURST paroxysm:sudden = ruse:deceived 突发:突然的 = 诡计:欺骗的 (事物及其正面特征) Sample: When he heared of his son's misdeeds, he was seized by a paroxysm of rage. pastiche [pA5sti:F] n. 模仿 (的手法) ; 混成 【拼凑】 a literary, artistic, musical, or architectural work that imitates the style of previous work; pastiche ? original work 模仿 ? 原创 Synonyms: MISCELLANY, assortment, gallimaufry, hodgepodge, hotchpotch, medley, mishmash, omnium-gatherum, pasticcio Sample:We cannot even say that her music is a pastiche of this or that composer; it is rather, reminiscent of many musicians. pedant [5pedEnt] n. 炫学者,自夸学者的人,空谈家;学究式人物 one who makes a show of knowledge martinet:discipline = pedant:learning 严格的人:纪律 = 学究:学习 (人物及其特征动作) mawkish/maudlin:sentiment = pedantic:scholarship 感情脆弱的:多愁善感 = 书生气的:学识 (人物及其正面特征) scholarly:pedantic = modest:prudish 儒雅的:书呆的 = 谦虚的:假装正经 (褒贬程度类比) moralistic:principled = pedantic:learned 道学的:有原则的 = 学究式的:有学问的(褒贬对比) insightful:pedant = ?? 有深刻见解的:学究人物 (人物及其特征) pedantic:scholar = histrionic:actor 学究的:学者 = 戏剧的:演员(人物及其正面特征) pedant:learning = hack:writing 学究:学习 = 雇佣文人:写作(人物及其特征行为) Sample:Her insistence that the book be memorized marked the teacher as a pedant rather than a scholar. penchant [5pentFEnt] n.强烈嗜好,偏好; 倾向 a strong and continued inclination; broadly :LIKING penchant ? aversion 厌恶 ? 偏好 penchant ? dislike 偏好 ? 讨厌 Synonyms: LEANING, bent, disposition, inclination, inclining, predilection, predisposition, proclivity, propensity, tendency Sample:The current penchant for touting a product by denigrating a rival, named in the advertisement by brand name, seems somewhat foolhardy:suppose the consumer remembers only the rival's name? pensive [5pensIv] adj. 沉思的,哀思的,忧沉的 musingly or dreamily thoughtful museful:ruminative = lamentable:pensive 沉思的:沉思的 = 哀伤的:悲哀的 (同义关系) Synonyms: THOUGHTFUL, cogitative, contemplative, meditative, pondering, reflecting, reflective, ruminative, speculative, thinking Sample:The pensive youth gazed at the painting for a long time and then sighed. pernicious [pE5nIFEs] adj. 有害的,有毒的,致命的 highly injurious or destructive:DEADLY pernicious:injure = disingenuous:mislead 有害的:伤害 = 没有诚意的:误导(行为及其正面特征) Synonyms: baneful, deadly, noxious, pestiferous, pestilent, pestilential Sample:He argued that these books had a pernicious effect on young and susceptible minds. perspicuity [9p\:spI`kjU:EtI] n. 明晰,明了,简明 plain to the understanding especially because of clarity and precision of presentation perspicuous ? dull 明了的 ? 呆滞的 Synonyms: CLARITY, clearness, limpidity, lucidity, plainness Sample:One of the outstanding features of this book is the perspicuity of its author; her meaning is always clear. piddling [5pidliN] adj. 无用的,琐屑的 TRIVIAL, PALTRY restive:calmness = piddling:considerable 焦虑的 :平静的 = 微不足道的:重视的 (反义关系) Synonyms: PETTY, measly, Mickey Mouse, niggling, paltry, peanut, peddling, pettifogging, puny, trifling pithy [5pIWI] adj. 精练的,有力的,含蓄的 having substance and point:tersely cogent pithiness:aphorism = exaggeration:caricature 简洁:格言 = 夸张:幽默画 (事物及其正面特征) circumlocution ? pithy utters 累赘的话 ? 简练的话 pithy ? prolix/verbose/diffuse/wordy 精练的 ? 冗长的 pithy ? insubstantial 精练的 ? 非实在的 pith ? unimportant point 核心 ? 不重要的部分 epigrammatic, marrowy, meaty Synonyms: compact, Sample:I enjoy reading his essays because they are always compact and pithy. pittance [5pItEns] n. 配给的食物,施舍少量的钱,少量 a small portion, amount, or allowance; also :a meager wage or remuneration pittance:money = ?? 施舍少量的钱:钱 = ?? pittance:allowance = rivulet:stream 少量供应:定量供应 = 小溪:溪流 (程度类比) cornucopia ? lack/pittance 富饶 ? 缺乏/少量 pittance ? crop 少量 ? 特殊时间内巨大的收获 [注: crop: a batch or lot of something produced during a particular cycle] Sample:He could not live on the pittance he received as a pension and had to look for an additional source of revenue. plagiarize [5pleIdVEraIz] vt.vi. 剽窃,抄袭 to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own:use (another's production) without crediting the source plagiarism:ideas = forgery:documents = 伪造:文件 (动宾关系) 剽窃:思想 plagiarism:ideas = rustling:cattle 剽窃:思想 = 偷牛:牛(动宾关系) Sample:The editor could tell that the writer had plagiarized parts of the article; he could recognize whole paragraphs from the original source. plump [plQmp] adj.丰满的;鼓起的,直率的 vt.突然放下, 使丰满, 使鼓起 having a full rounded usually pleasing form a plump woman svelte ? plump 苗条的 ? 丰满的 Sample:You can say that a woman is pleasingly plump, but it is not polite to call her chubby or fat. portentous [pR:`tentE] adj. 前兆的,不吉的,自大的,奇怪的 eliciting amazement or wonder:PRODIGIOUS portentous:amaze = ?? 奇怪的:使吃惊 = ?? portentous ? regular 奇怪的 ? 规则的 Sample:he riot was a portent of the revolution to come. precedent [5presIdEnt] adj.在先的，先前的 n. 先例,前例 prior in time, order, arrangement, or significance preempt:precedence = acquire:possession 取得优先权:优先 = 占有:占有 (动作及其目的) unexceptionable:oppose = unique:precedent 无懈可击的:攻击 = 无先例的:先例 (事物特征及其反面被动行为) unique:precedent = infinite:end 无先例的:先例 = 无穷的:穷尽 (反义关系) turncoat:constancy = simpleton:precedent 变节者:忠诚 = 笨蛋:典范 (反义关系) Synonyms: PRECEDING, antecedent, anterior, foregoing, former, past, previous, prior Sample:In failing to see that the justice's pronouncement merely qualified previous decisions rather than actually establishing a precedent, the novice law clerk overemphasized the scope of the justice's judgment. prepossessing [pri:pE5zesIN] adj. 讨人欢喜的,有魅力的,给人好感的 tending to create a favorable impression:ATTRACTIVE ? entrancing/winsome unprepossessing 不吸引人的 ? 使人入神的/迷人的 Synonyms: ATTRACTIVE, alluring, appealing, attracting, captivating, charming, drawing, enchanting, engaging, mesmeric Sample:During adolescence many attractive young people somehow acquire the false notion that their appearance is unprepossessing. presentiment [prI5zentImEnt] n. 预感,预觉 a feeling that something will or is about to happen:PREMONITION Synonyms: APPREHENSION, apprehensiveness, foreboding, misgiving, premonition, prenotion, presage Sample:Hamlet felt a presentiment about his meeting with Laertes. prevalent [5prevElEnt] adj.流行的，普遍的 generally or widely accepted, practiced, or favored:WIDESPREAD prevalent ? unusual 普遍的 ? 与众不同的 prevalent ? absent 行的，普遍的 ? 缺乏的 Synonyms: DOMINANT, ascendant, master, overbearing, paramount, predominant, predominate, preponderant, regnant, sovereign Sample:A radical committed to social change, Reed had no patience with the conservative views prevalent in the America of his day. primordial [praI5mC:dIEl] adj. 原始的;初发的 existing in or persisting from the beginning primordial ? most recent 原始的 ? 新近的 Synonyms: EARLY, primitive, FIRST, primary, prime Sample:The Neanderthal Man is one of our primordial ancestors. privation [prai5veiFEn] n.缺乏, 穷困, 丧失, 被剥夺了某物的状态 the state of being deprived; especially : lack of what is needed for existence repletion ? privation 塞满 ? 缺乏 Synonyms ABSENCE, dearth, default, defect, lack, want Sample: In his youth, he knew hunger and privation. propitious [prE5pIFEs] adj. 顺利的,适合的,吉祥的,慈悲的 favorably disposed:BENEVOLENT inauspicious ? propitious 不吉利的 ? 吉利的 propitious ? unfavorable 吉利的 ? 不利的 Synonyms: FAVORABLE, auspicious, benign, bright, , fortunate, white Sample:I think it is advisable that we wait for a more propitious occasion to announce our plans; this is not a good time. prosecution [prRsI5kju:F(E)n] n. 实行,经营,起诉 the act or process of prosecuting; specifically:the institution and continuance of a criminal suit involving the process of pursuing formal charges against an offender to final judgment mediation:compromise = prosecution:conviction 调停:妥协 = 起诉:定罪 (动作及其结果) false testimony of the prosecution's only witness. Sample:The defense called several respectable witnesses who were able to refute the protocol [5prEJtEkRl] n. 外交礼节， a code prescribing strict adherence to correct etiquette and precedence protocol:blunder = bumper:damage 外交礼节:大错误 = 缓冲器:伤害 (防止关系) Sample:We must run this state dinner according to protocol if we are to avoid offending any of our guests. puny [`pjU:nI] adj. 微小的,弱小的,微不足道的 slight or inferior in power, size, or importance:WEAK measly:contemptibly = puny:weakly 微不足道的:卑微的 = 微不足道的:软弱的 (同义关系) puny ? enormous 微小的 ? 巨大的 Synonyms: PETTY, measly, niggling, paltry, piddling, trifling, trivial, unconsequential Sample:Our puny efforts to stop the flood were futile. quaint [kweInt] adj. 古雅的,离奇有趣的,奇怪的 unusual or different in character or appearance:ODD Sample:Doors were closing on our past, and soon the values we had lived by would become so obsolete that we would seem to people of the new age as quaint as travelers from an ancient land. quandary [5kwRndErI] n. 困惑, 窘境, 进退两难 a state of perplexity or doubt quandary:perplex = ?? 困惑:.困惑 = ?? Sample:When the two colleges to which he had applied accepted him, he was in a quandary as to which one he should attend. rabid [5reIbId] adj. 猛烈的,热烈的,急进的,疯狂的,固执的,狂怒的 extremely violent:FURIOUS rabid ? logical 疯狂的 ? 合乎逻辑的 rabid ? detached 狂暴的 ? 镇静的 Synonyms: FURIOUS, corybantic, delirious, frantic, frenetic, frenzied, mad, wild Sample:He was a rabid follower of the Dodgers and watched them play whenever he could go to the ball park. rancid [5rAnsId] adj. 腐臭的 offensive in odor or flavor:RANK Synonyms: MALODOROUS, fetid, high, nidorous, noisome, olid, putrid, reeking, smelly, whiffy Sample:A rancid odor filled the ship's galley and nauseated the crew. reciprocate [rI5sIprEkeIt] vi. 往复运动,互换,酬答 to move forward and backward alternately reciprocating ? moving unidirectional 往复运动 ? 单向运动 Synonyms: recompense, requite, retaliate, return Sample:The state is a network of exchanged benefits and beliefs, a reciprocity between rulers and citizens based on those laws and procedures that are conducive to the maintenance of community. redress [rI5dres] n./v. 改正，修正, 赔偿,救济,矫正 to set right:REMEDY Synonyms: NEUTRALIZE, annul, cancel (out), counteract, countercheck, frustrate, negate, negative Sample:Do you mean to tell me that I can get no redress for my injuries? rigmarole [5ri^mErEul] n.冗长的废话, 胡言乱语 confused or meaningless talk reprieve [rI5pri:v] n. 缓刑,缓刑令,暂缓 to delay the punishment of (as a condemned prisoner) reprieve:punishment = moratorium:activity 暂缓:惩罚 = 活动中止或暂停(延期偿付):活动 (动词及其作用对象) Synonyms: RESPITE Sample:During the twenty-four-hour reprieve, the lawyers sought to make the stay of execution permanent. rescind [rI5sInd] v(废除，取消 to make void (as an act) by action of the enacting authority or a superior authority:REPEAL irrevocable:rescind = ?? 不能取消的:废除 = ?? rescind ? institute 废除，取消 ? 创立 rescission ? enactment 废除，取消 ? 设定，制定 Sample:Because of public resentment, the king had to rescind his order. respire [rI5spaIE(r)] v.呼吸 BREATHE; specifically :to inhale and exhale air successively lung:respire = tooth:masticate {eye:envision , ear:resonate} 肺:呼吸 = 牙齿:咀嚼 (人体器官及其作用) Sample:Artificial light enhances the respiratory activity of some microorganisms in the winter but not in the summer, in part because in the summer their respiration is already at its peak and thus cannot be increased. respite [5respaIt] n. 休息，中止，暂缓 A usually short interval of rest or relief. fast:eat = respite:labor 绝食:吃 = 休息:劳动 (反义关系) plateau:change = respite:activity 稳定时期或状态:变化 = 休息:活动 (反义关系) respite:labor moratorium:activity = 延期偿付:活动 = 暂缓:劳动 (反义关系) respite:labor = interim:concert {mediate:confliction} 间歇:劳动 = 中间间隔:音乐会 (事物及其特殊部分) Synonyms: BREAK, blow, breath, breather, breathing space (or spell), reprieve Sample:The judge granted the condemned man a respite to enable his attorneys to file an appeal. revoke [rI5vEJk] vt.撤回, 废除, 宣告无效 o annul by recalling or taking back:RESCIND t empower ? revoke the authority 授权与 ? 废除权威 irrevocable:rescind = ?? 不能取消的:废除 = ?? Synonyms: dismantle, lift, recall, repeal, rescind, reverse Sample:Repeat offenders who continue to drive under the influence of alcohol face having their driver's licenses permanently revoked. risible [5rIzIb(E)l] adj(可笑的，引人发笑的 arousing or provoking laughter; especially :LAUGHABLE Synonyms: LAUGHABLE, comic, comical, droll, farcical, funny, gelastic, ludicrous, ridiculous Sample:His ideas are so grandiose that they are risible. rive [raIv] vt. 撕开,使沮丧 to wrench open or tear apart or to pieces:REND rive ? unite 撕开 ? 联合 Synonyms: TEAR, cleave, rend, rip, split scowl [skaJl] vi. 皱眉头,做出不高兴的脸 to contract the brow in an expression of displeasure scowl:displeasure = kiss:affection{hurl:disgust} 皱眉头:不悦 = 亲吻:爱情{扔:反感}(因果关系) Synonyms: FROWN , gloom, glower, lower when his father asked him to share the cookie. Sample:The child scowled scurrilous [5skQrIlEs] adj.说话粗鄙恶劣的, 使用低级粗俗语言的, 嘴损的, 下流的 using or given to coarse language scurrilous:propriety = mercurial:constancy 下流的:适当 = 易变得:一致(反面特征) Synonyms: ABUSIVE, contumelious, invective, opprobrious, scurrile, truculent, vituperative, vituperatory, vituperous Sample:Your scurrilous remarks are especially offensive because they are untrue. sequester [sI`kwi:lE] vt. 使隐退,使隔绝,扣押,没收 to place (property) in custody especially in sequestration sequester:seclusion = endanger:jeopardy 隐退:隔离 = 危险:危及(动词及其正面特征) sequester ? permit to mingle 隔绝 ? 混合 Synonyms: ISOLATE, close off, cut off, insulate, island, segregate, separate Sample:Although he had hoped for a long time to sequester himself in a small drop his busy round of activities in the city. community, he never was able to serpentine [5s\:pEntaIn] adj. 蜿蜒的在形状或移动上象蛇的;弯曲的 Of or resembling a serpent, as in form or movement; sinuousserpentine:directness::?? 弯曲的:直接 = ?? Sample:The car swerved at every curve in the serpentine road. sinecure [5saInIkjJE(r)] n.挂名职务，闲职 an office or position that requires little or no work and that usually provides an income sinecure ? arduous employment 闲职 ? 艰苦的工作 Sample:My job is no sinecure; I work long hours and have much responsibility. sinister [5sInIstE(r)] adj. 不吉祥的，险恶的 singularly evil or productive of evil Synonyms: baleful, malefic, maleficent, malign; compare Sample:We must defeat the sinister forces that seek our downfall. skittish [5skItIF] adj. <马等>容易受惊的,容易惊恐的 easily frightened:RESTIVE Synonyms: EXCITABLE, agitable, alarmable, combustible, edgy, skittery, startlish, volatile Sample:She is as skittish as a kitten playing with a piece of string. slink [slINk] v. 偷偷走动 to go or move stealthily or furtively (as in fear or shame):STEAL Synonyms: SNEAK, creep, gumshoe, lurk, pussyfoot, shirk, skulk, slide, steal Sample:He slinks around the house as though he shouldn't be there. slur 诽谤,耻辱,印刷模糊 [sl\:(r)] n. 连音符, an insulting or disparaging remark or innuendo:ASPERSION uy, reflection, slam, stricture Synonyms: ANIMADVERSION, aspersion, obloq Sample:Polls revealed that the front-runner's standing had been damaged by the slurs and innuendoes circulated by his opponent's staff. spleen [spli:n] n.脾;脾气,怒气,怨恨 feelings of anger or ill will often suppressed spleen ? good will 怨恨 ? 善意 Synonyms: MALICE, despite, despitefulness, grudge, ill will, malevolence, maliciousness, malignancy, spite, spitefulness stamina [5stAminE] n.毅力, 持久力, 精力 physical or moral strength to resist or withstand illness, fatigue, or hardship; endurance stamina ? frailty 毅力 ? 脆弱 Sample: Overindulgence debilitates character as well as physical stamina. Synonyms TOLERANCE, endurance, toleration stench [stentF] n.臭气,恶臭 to emit a strong offensive odor:STINK stench:nose = din:ear { glimmer:eye} 臭气:鼻子 = 喧闹:耳朵 (感观及其感知的对象) stigma [5stI^mE] n. 耻辱,污名,烙印 of shame or discredit:STAIN a mark stigma ? mark of esteem 耻辱 ? 尊敬的标志 Synonyms: blot, blur, brand, odium, onus, slur, spot, stain Sample:I do not attach any stigma to the fact that you were accused of this crime; the fact that you were acquitted clears you completely. stilted [5stIltId] adj. 夸张的,夸大的, 踩高跷的 POMPOUS, LOFTY Synonyms: GENTEEL, affected, mincing, pretentious Sample:His stilted rhetoric did not impress the college audience; they were immune to bombastic utterances stolid [5stRlId] adj. 无动于衷的，感情麻木的 having or expressing little or no sensibility:UNEMOTIONAL Synonyms: IMPASSIVE, phlegmatic, apathetic, stoic Sample:The earthquake shattered his usual stolidity; trembling, he crouched on the no longer stable ground. stultify [5stQltIfaI] vt.使显得愚蠢;使无效,抑制 to have a dulling or inhibiting effect on stultify ? stir/excite 抑制 ? 搅动/刺激 stultifying ? exciting/stirring 抑制的 ? 刺激的/搅动的 Synonyms: constipate, stagnate, stifle, trammel Sample:His long hours in the blacking factory left young Dickens numb and incurious, as if the menial labor had stultified his mind. stun [stQn] vt. 使晕倒,使惊吓,打晕 to make senseless, groggy, or dizzy by or as if by a blow:DAZE Synonyms: DAZE , paralyze, petrify, stupefy Sample:When I hit my head, the bump stunned me and I fell to the floor. supine [`sjU:paIn] adj.仰卧的, 掌心向上的, 懒散的, 向后靠的 exhibiting indolent or apathetic inertia or passivity; especially :mentally or morally slack supine ? vigilant 懒散的 ? 警惕的 Sample:The defeated pugilist lay supine on the canvas. swamp [swRmp] n. 沼泽,湿地;困境 vt.淹没 a wetland often partially or intermittently covered with water; especially :one dominated vegetation by woody Synonyms: bog, marsh, marshland, mire, morass, quag, quagmire, slough Sample:The mosquito-ridden swamp was an insalubrious place, a breeding ground for malarial contagion. tamper [5tAmpE(r)] vi. 干预,玩弄,贿赂,窜改,削弱,损害 to interfere so as to weaken or change for the worse tamper:adjust = misrepresent:communicate 窜改:校准 = 误传:传达(错误动作与正常动作) Sample:A burglar tampered with the locks on the door. taper [5teIpE(r)] vi.vt.(使)逐渐变小,(使)逐渐减少 progressively narrowed toward one end abate:intensity = taper:width 减轻:强度 = 逐渐变细:宽 Synonyms: DECREASE, abate, close, diminish, drain (away), dwindle, lessen, reduce, taper off Sample:He lit the taper on the windowsill. tatty [5tAtI] adj.不整洁的，简陋的 rather worn, frayed, or dilapidated:SHABBY tatty ? smart 简陋的 ? 漂亮的 Synonyms: CHEAP, base, common, mean, paltry, poor, rubbishy, shoddy, sleazy, trashy taunt [tC:nt] v. 嘲笑，讥笑 to reproach or challenge in a mocking or insulting manner:jeer at flout:disregard = taunt:challenge 轻视:忽视 = 嘲笑:怀疑 (行为及其表达的含义) taunt:provoke = plot:outwit 嘲弄:挑拨 = 密谋:以智取胜 (同义关系) Synonyms: RIDICULE, deride, lout, mock, quiz, rally, razz, scout, twit Sample:You are unpopular because you are too free with your quips and sarcastic comments. temerity [tI5merItI] n(鲁莽，大胆 unreasonable or foolhardy contempt of danger or opposition:rashness, recklessness temerity ? circumspection 鲁莽 ? 谨慎 temerity ? pusillanimity 大胆 ? 胆怯 temerity ? cautious approach 鲁莽 ? 小心处理 Synonyms: assurance, audacity, brashness, hardihood, hardiness, nerve Sample:Do you have the temerity to argue with me? torrid [5tRrId] adj. 酷热的 giving off intense heat:scorching torrid ? arctic 酷热的 ? 极寒的 Sample:The fire was so torrid that firefighters could not get near it. treacherous [5tretFErEs] adj. 叛逆的，危险的，背叛的，不可靠的 characterized by or manifesting treachery:perfidious treacherousness ? faithfulness 背叛 ? 忠诚 Synonyms: FAITHLESS, disloyal, false, perfidious, recreant, traitorous, unfaithful, unloyal, untrue Sample:She achieved her high position by guile and treachery. turbid [5t\:bId] adj. 混浊的，紊乱的 deficient in clarity or purity:foul, muddy Synonyms: muddy, riley, roily Sample:The water was turbid after the children had waded through it. uncouth [Qn5ku:W] adj. 粗俗的,怪异的 awkward and uncultivated in appearance, manner, or behavior uncouth:churl = conspiratorial:conniver 粗俗的:粗野的人 = 阴谋的:阴谋家 (人物及其正面特征) seemly ? uncouth 合适的 ? 粗俗的 Synonyms: COARSE , crass, crude, gross, inelegant, raw, rough, rude, unrefined, vulgar Sample:Most biographers portray Lincoln as an uncouth and ungainly young man. vacuous [5vAkjJEs] adj(空的,空洞的,愚蠢的,茫然的,无所事事的 marked by lack of ideas or intelligence:STUPID, INANE vacuous ? intelligent 心灵空虚的 ? 聪明的 vacuous ? omniscient ? 全知的, 无所不知的 空的,空虚的 Synonyms: EMPTY, bare, clear, stark, vacant, void Sample:The candidate's vacuous remarks annoyed the audience, who had hoped to hear more than empty platitudes venerate [5venEreIt] vt.敬拜;崇拜 to regard with reverential respect or with admiring deference perfunctorily:inspiration = insolently:veneration 马虎的:激情 = 无礼的:尊敬(行为及其反面特征) nerable:reverence = despicable:scorn ve 值得尊敬的:尊敬 = 可鄙的:轻视 (人物特征及其行为(被动)) veneration ? derision 尊敬 ? 嘲笑 venerate ? contempt 尊敬 ? 蔑视 veneration ? disdain 尊敬 ? 嘲笑 venerate ? dishonor 尊敬 ? 玷污 venerate ? despise/scorn 尊敬 ? 蔑视 Synonyms: REVERE, adore, reverence, worship Sample:Old age, even in cultures where it is venerated, is often viewed with ambivalence. verdict [5v\:dIkt] n. 裁决,判决,结论,定论,判断 the finding or decision of a jury on the matter submitted to it in trial Sample:The widespread public shock at the news of the guilty verdict was caused partly by biased news stories that had predicted acquittal. verve [veEv] n.气魄, 神韵, 活力, 热情 the spirit and enthusiasm animating artistic composition or performance:VIVACITY verve ? listlessness {waning} 活力 ? 倦怠 lassitude ? verve 疲乏 ? 活力 Sample:She approached her studies with such verve that it was impossible for her to do poorly. vestigial [ve`stIdVIEl] adj. 痕迹的,遗迹的,退化的 bodily part or organ that is small and degenerate or imperfectly developed in a comparison to one more fully developed in an earlier stage of the individual, in a past generation, or in closely related forms vestigial ? fully developed 退化的 ? 充分发展的 vicissitude [vI`sIsItjU:d] n. 变化,变迁,荣枯,盛衰 natural change or mutation visible in nature or in human affairs vicissitudinous ? unchanging 有变化的 ? 不变的 vicissitudinous ? immutable 有变化的 ? 不变的 Synonyms: CHANGE, innovation, mutation, novelty, permutation, sport Sample:Humbled by life's vicissitudes, the last emperor of China worked as a lowly gardener in the palace over which he had once ruled. vitiate [5vIFIeIt] v.使腐败，败坏 to make faulty or defective:IMPAIR vitiate ? fortify/strengthen 败坏 ? 加强/加强 Synonyms: INJURE, blemish, damage, harm, hurt, impair, mar, prejudice, spoil, tarnish Sample:Fraud will vitiate the contract. vociferous [vE5sIfErEs] adj. 喧哗的，大叫大嚷的 marked by or given to vehement insistent outcry vociferous ? reticent/monotone 喧哗的 ? 沉默的/单调的 vociferous ? serenity 喧哗的 ? 安静的 Synonyms: blatant, boisterous, clamorous, loudmouthed, multivocal, obstreperous, openmouthed, strident, vociferant Sample:The crowd grew vociferous in its anger and threatened to take the law into its own hands. vomit [5vRmIt] n. 呕吐,呕吐物,催吐剂 an act or instance of disgorging the contents of the stomach through the mouth; also :the disgorged matter vomit:disgorge = ?? 呕吐:吐出 = ?? Synonyms: barf, bring up, disgorge, shoot, sick (up), spew, spit up, throw up, upchuck Sample:The child vomited when he had the flu. vulgar [5vQl^E(r)] adj. 粗俗的,庸俗的,本土的,通俗的,普通的 lacking in cultivation, perception, or taste:COARSE genteel:vulgarity = intrepid:fear 优雅的:粗俗 = 无畏:害怕(形容词与名词的反义关系) Synonyms: COARSE, crass, crude, gross, inelegant, raw, rough, rude, uncouth, unrefined Sample:The combination of elegance and earthiness in Edmund's speech can be starting, especially when he slyly slips in some juicy vulgarity amid the mellifluous circumlocutions of a gentleman of the old school. wince [wIns] v. 避开，畏缩 to shrink back involuntarily (as from pain):FLINCH wince:pain = smile:pleasure = pout:displeasure = sneer:contempt 畏缩:疼痛 = 微笑:高兴 = 撅嘴:不高兴 = 嘲笑:轻视 (行为及其表达的含义) Synonyms: RECOIL, blanch, blench, flinch, quail, shrink, squinch, start Sample:The screech of the chalk on the blackboard made her wince. zeal [zi:l] n. 热心,热衷,热诚 eagerness and ardent interest in pursuit of something:FERVOR devoted:zealous = careful:fastidious 献身的:热情的 = 仔细的:极其仔细的(程度类比) fervor:zealot = improvidence:spendthrift 热情:狂热者 = 浪费:浪费的人 (人物及其正面特征) miser:munificent:zealot:blase 吝啬鬼:慷慨的 = 热心者:冷漠的 (人物及其反面特征) zeal:dedication = mesmerism:interest 热衷:奉献 = 着迷:兴趣 (程度类比) torpor ? zeal 麻木 ? 热诚 zealotry ? lack of fervor 热狂 ? 缺乏热情 vapid ? zeal 无生气的 ? 热诚 zealot ? indifference 狂热 ? 不关心 Synonyms: PASSION, ardor, calenture, enthusiasm, fervor, fire, hurrah soon all his fellow students were busily making Sample:Wang's zeal was contagious; posters, inspired by his ardent enthusiasm for the cause.