短暂性动词与延续性动词

短暂性动词与延续性动词 短性,延性和在完成暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂 短性是指作一旦生就立即束。它不能和一段用。有:暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂go, come, arrive, leave, begin, start, join, marry等,短性的肯定式不能与暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂 示一段的暂暂暂for或since或how long等状用。例如:暂暂暂暂暂暂暂 His father got ill. I have received his letter.但是,不可以:暂暂His father got ill for a week.I have received his letter for three days.在否定句中,短性可以和表示一段的状用。例如:暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂 We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.I suppose something must have happened to her.延性是指作生后可以延一段或者相当的一段。如:暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂live, work, study, learn, sleep等,延性可以和表示一段的状用。暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂 暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂“得注意的是,表示一段的状除了for+一段外,有暂暂”暂暂since+n./从句，暂暂点,,since+暂暂段+ago,疑暂暂how long,in the past+暂暂段,all these+暂暂段,from…to，点,以及暂暂暂暂暂暂till/until+n./句子等等。例如: How long _______ your brother joined the army?A. has B. had C. is it since D. was there that通,暂暂暂暂暂暂B和D很容易被排除,但是稍不注意便会中答案暂暂暂暂A,殊不知how long暂一段的状,不能与非延性短暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂has joined暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂用,所以的正确答案是C。另外,的延性与非延性体在两句型中:暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂 延性的肯定式暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂+till/ until 短性的否定式暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂+till/ until 暂看例句: We waited until he came. I didn’t go to bed until my father came back home last night. 如果短性与表示一段的状用,必将短性改延性。暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂一下由非延性到延性的: arrive?be here begin(start)?be on die ?be dead come back?be back leave ?be away (from) fall ill(sick, asleep)?be ill(sick, asleep) get up?be up go out ?be out finish ?be over put on ?wear或be on open ?be open join ?be in或be a member of… close ?be closed go to school?be a studentborrow ?keep buy/get ?have catch(a cold)? have(a cold) get to know ?know begin to study?study come to work?workmove to ? live in finish/end ? be overcome to ? be in sit down ? be seatedmarry ? be married dress ? be dressed等 如:He has been a soldier for three years. 他参三年了。暂暂暂暂暂 His father has been dead for two years. 他父去世二年了。暂暂暂暂暂暂暂 The film has been on for ten minutes. 暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂影已始十分了。 We have studied English for three years. 我，始,学英已三年了。暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂 How long can I keep this book? 　　　本我可以借多,暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂 除了用上面的化形式之外,可以用其他的表达形式:暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂A. It is/ has been+暂暂+since……，用去式,,暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂B.主暂+暂暂暂暂暂暂，去,+暂暂+ago。　例如: It’s five days since I received his letter.His father died three years ago. 看一个句子可以用以下几法:暂暂暂暂 他离上海已暂暂暂暂暂3天了。 He left Shanghai three days ago. He has been away from Shanghai for three days.He has been away from Shanghai since three days ago. It is/ has been three days since he left Shanghai. Three days has passed since he left Shanghai.几点注意事暂: ，1,have been(to)与have gone( to)的区:暂暂 have been(to)表示去某地，在已回来了,“暂暂暂”,可用于各人称, have gone(to)表示去某地了，某人不在当地,“暂暂暂”,可能在去的路上,可能已在某地, 也可能在回来的路上,之,人不在里。常用第三人称作主。,前者可与暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂once ,never, several times等用,后者不能。暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂 如:They have been to Beijing twice. 他去北京两次。暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂 He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。 注意比下面几句子的意:暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂 He has gone to Amercia.　　，他到美国去了。　他不在里,暂暂暂 He has been to Amercia.　　，他去美国。　已回来,暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂 He has been in Shanghai.　　，他在上海呆。　在不在上海,暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂 He has been in shanghai for years.　，他在上海多年。　在在上海,暂暂暂暂暂暂暂 He has taught English.　　　，他教英　在不教了,暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂 He has taught English for years.　，他教英多年了。　在在教,暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂 ，2,如表示一段,或暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂一段,有强since一,也不必用完成。暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂如:It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two years. 他父去世已有三年了。暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂 ，3,止性在完成的否定式,已成一可以延的暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂 状,因此可以和表示一段的状用。暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂暂 如:I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来,我一直没有离儿。暂暂暂暂暂