公民有受教育的权利和义务

第十一课 公民有受教育的权利和义务 教学目标 (一)认知目标 识记; 受教育权的基本含义。 我国公民享有的受教育权的基本内容。 我国宪法关于公民受教育权利和义务的规定。 义务教育的含义和特征。 我国义务教育法所确认和保障的适龄儿童、少年接受义务教育的主要权利。 义务教育法有关适龄儿童、少年接受义务教育的主要权利。 国家、社会、学校、家庭在实施义务教育中的责任。 我国教育法是保障公民享有受教育权的一项重要法律。 理解; 受教育既是公民的基本权利，又是公民的基本义务。 从国家强制性、普遍性和免费性三个方面说明义务教育的特征。 列举实例表明，国家、社会、学校、家庭要依法保证适龄儿童和少年接受义务教育。 运用: 结合对受教育既是公民权利又是公民义务的理解，结合自己的学习状况，制定学习小规划。 (二)能力目标 初步提高对有关教育方面事例是否合乎教育法律的判断能力。 初步培养维护自己受教育合法权益的能力。 (三)思想觉悟目标 通过对教育作用的分析，为树立“科学技术是第一生产力”的观念打下铺垫，并由此增强我们热爱学习的意识。 通过对依法施教事例的分析，帮助我们进一步认识我国法律在保障公民受教育权方面的作用，由引增强自己的法律意识。 联系社会上侵犯公民受教育权的事例，增强我们依法维护自己合法权益的意识。 结合受教育即是公民权利又是公民义务，初步培养自己对社会的责任感，增强自己的义务观念。 教学重点 受教育既是公民的基本权利又是公民的基本义务。 普及义务教育的法律保障。 自学履行受教育的义务。 教学难点 义务教育的含义和特征。 课时安排 3课时。 第一课时 导入新课 在讲新课前，先请同学们阅读第十一课题、框题和目题，对所学内容有一个粗浅的了解，认识其知识框架。 (阅读后，教师提问，学生回答，教师在黑板右上角列出本课的知识总体框架结构。) 这节课，我们学习第一个框题: 一、受教育既是公民的权利，又是公民的义务(板书) 请同学们看插图及投影一: 自从老一非革命家时年93岁的帅孟奇大姐，率先捐款，中国青少年发展基金会为救助贫困地区失学儿童而实施的希望工程已经历了十个年头。它牵动了党和国家领导人、老一辈革命家，以及企业家、艺术家、普通工人、学生、海外华人等千千万万人的心。 提问:(1)希望工程为什么会有如此巨大的魅力,(2)透过女孩一双明亮的大眼晴，你看到、想到了什么, (学生回答后，教师归纳。) (此问题的目的;通过看图说话的形式，培养学生发散思维的能力，激发学生对本课学习的兴趣以及对本课内容的初步了解。) 希望工程之所以有如此大的魅力，是因为它的宗旨在于救助失学儿童、发展贫困地区的基础教育。这一宗旨无疑选准了基础教育与我国下个世纪发展关系这个切入点，从救助我国贫困地区失学儿童，保障其受教育权入手，由此唤起人们的爱心和极大的热情。 女孩的一双大眼睛饱含着贫困儿童对学习的期盼，对知识的渴求。我们望着女孩的大眼睛，油然而生一种责任感，为了满足贫困地区的孩子渴望读书的需求，为了救助因家境贫寒而上不起学或被迫中途辍学的千百万名儿童能背起书包走进课堂，获得受教育权，我们愿尽自己的微薄之力，同时也要更加珍惜自己的受教育权，好好学习。 那么究竟什么是受教育权呢, 什么是受教育权(板书) 1)受教育权的含义(板书) 请同学们阅读教材，在了解教育的作用、教育含义的划分的基础上，解释受教育权的含义并加以分析。 (学生回答，教师归纳。) 教育是培养人的社会活动，是传递生产经验和社会经验的必要手段。一个人来到世间，他所获得的科学知识，绝大部分是通过受教育获得的。教育的含义有广狭之分。本课使用的教育概念，就是从狭义上讲的，指的是学校教育。 所谓受教育权是指公民有从国家接受文化教育的机会，以及获得受教育的物质帮助的权利。 受教育权包括两个基本要素:一是公民均有上学接受教育的权利;二是国家提供教育设施，培养教师，为公民受教育创造必要的机会和物质条件。 请同学们看投影二: 材料一;从今年6月以来，九江市遭受了历史上水位最高、受灾面积最广、时间最长的洪涝灾害，8月初九江长江大堤4—5号闸口的决口更是造成了巨大损失。据九江市教委的初步统计，全市有12个县的1317所中小学受灾，占全市学校总数的47.1%,全市倒塌校舍206747平方米、新增危房767103平方米，加上其他教学设施的损失，直接经济损失达49605.16万元.然而,为了保证孩子们如期开学,国家拨款,社会各界捐款捐物,当地政府想法设法,搭起临时的帐篷小学,租民房、仓库改成临时教育，让孩子到城里学校免费借读„„总之，一切能想到的办法都用上了，近30万名中小学生如期开学了。 材料二:湘西土家族苗族自治州，总人口235万系国务院18个贫困片之一，目前，有43万人尚未脱贫，有3万儿童因交不起学费而失学;全州中小学缺教室达10万平方米，危房达9万平方米，教育设施极为简陋，师资不足，以至于全州有50多个乡镇没条件办初中，适龄少年能升入初中继续读书的寥寥无几。 提问:上述材料说明了什么, (学生回答，教师归纳。) 材料一说明在洪水给九江市的教育设施造成了巨大损失的条件下，国家想方设法为孩子们受教育创造了必要的机会和物质条件，保证了孩子们如期开学，获得了受教育权。 材料二说明湘西土家族苗族自治州，目前仍有3万名因贫困而失学的孩子，这些孩子因为没 有受教育的机会，无法上学，丧失了受教育权;同时由于全州缺乏受教育的物质保障，50多个乡镇没条件办初中，致使许多适龄少年升入初中继续接受教育的权利落空。 通过上面的材料分析，使我们对受教育权的要领有了更深入的理解。总之，受教育权包括两个基本要素，否则，受教育权将难以实现。 经过多年努力，我国受教育人口目前已达到3亿多人，建立了世界最大规模的教育体系。在这一体系中，我国公民究竟能够享有哪些受教育的权利呢, 2)我国公民受教育权的主要内容(板书) (学生阅读教材后回答，教师归纳。) 学龄前儿童有接受学前教育的机会; 适龄儿童、少年有接受九年义务教育的权利; 符合一定条件的公民，有接受高级中等教育及继续深造的机会; 成年人有接受成人教育的权利; 公民可以从社会其他合法教育机构、合法途径接受教育。 请同学们看投影三 北京市确定2000年现代化教育基本框架，这一基本框架包括;以义务教育为主体，3岁以上学龄儿童入园率达到85%以上;进一步推动中小学实施素质教育;基本普及高中阶段教育，适当扩大普通高中教育规模，使普通高中在校生占高中阶段教育在校生的40%，中等职业学校在校生达25万人，占高中阶段教育在校生的60%，岗位培训、继续教育和其他职业培训年平均达到300万人次;高等教育稳步发展本科教育，适度发展研究生教育，大力发展高等职业教育等。 提问;上述材料说明了什么, (学生回答，教师归纳。) 材料以北京为例，反映出我国公民享有受教育权的内容是广泛的，而且随着我国教育事业的发展，到2000年，国家将为公民享有受教育权提供更多的机会。总之，我国公民享有受教育的权利。 2。受教育既是公民的基本权利，又是公民的基本义务(板书) 请同学们看投影四; 图示说明;教育的发展与社会的发展有着密切的联系;一方面社会的政治和经济状况制约着教育的性质与发展;另一方面一定的教育又是一定的社会政治和经济的反映，并给社会的政治、经济以巨大的影响和反作用。 在当前科学技术迅猛发展、人类知识大爆炸的形势下，一个人如果不接受教育，那么他很难在社会上立足，相反，只有接受教育，才能成为对社会有用的人。 请同学们看投影五; 希望工程第一个受助者张胜利自述 我的家乡在河北省涞源县桃木疙瘩村，人均改入不到百元。上小学三年级的时候，父亲病故，娘改嫁，家中只剩下弟弟妹妹和近80岁的奶奶。为了生活，我只好离开学校，上山放羊去了。 1989年10月，全国开始实施希望工程作为第一批受助生，我重新走进了课堂。那年，我13岁这以后，我不再为学费发愁。3年后，我小学毕业升入上庄中学读书。读到初中毕业，我看到村里因为没老师，孩子没学可上。于是，我当上了桃木疙瘩村的一名代课老师。1995年，中国青年基金会在浙江建立了希望工程全国教师培训基地，我又荣幸地成为第一批学员。在上海举行的开学典礼上，我被上海第一师范学校破格录取。1996年6月，我作为希望工程受助生的代表，赴美国参加了第26届奥林匹克运动会圣火的传递。 提问;张胜利从小山村到大上海、到大洋彼岸，是什么改变了他的命运，使他的人生充满了希望,张胜利的经历给我们了哪些启示, (学生回答，教师归纳。) 希望工程给了张胜利受教育的权利，是教育改变了他的命运，促进了他的个人发展。给我们的启示是作为公民为了自身的发展一定要上学接受教育;作为国家一定要为公民受教育创造必要的机会和物质条件。 总之，从公民的自身发展和对国家的要求来说，受教育是公民的一项基本权利。 1)从公民的自身发展和对国家的要求来说，受教育是公民的基本权利。(板书) 请同学们看投影六 教育兴 万事通 浙江省慈溪市实施科教兴市战略，走经济发展靠科技，科技进步靠人才，人才培养靠教育的路子。慈溪市从1995年起一方面实行市、镇(乡)两极教育经费单列，从机制上保证对教育投入的增加，1997年，市财政教育事业费支出9563万元，约占财政总支出的30%;另一方面，人民教育人民办。1996年以来，慈溪市乡镇企业局、市住宅建设公司等16个单位各捐资20万元以上，社会个人捐资助教额达2050万元。随着该市教育改革的不断深入，全面提高了学生的素质，为各条战线输送了大批合格人才。这些人才在生产中发挥着越来越大的作用，推动了慈溪市经济的发展。 分管教育工作的副市长伊敏芳深有感触地说:“教育兴则万事通。慈溪市经济总值跃居浙江省各县市第一位，这主要得益于市委、市政府认真组织实施科教兴市战略，得益于全市人民 对教育的大力支持。” 提问:慈溪市发展教育，培养人才，以此带动了本市的经济发展的事实，给了我们什么启示, 正如邓小平同志指出的“经济振兴的关键在科技，科技进步的基础在教育，教育的发展的目的在人才。”我们要振兴中华民族，实现社会主义现代化，一个重要的考虑，就是能够通过发展教育，培养出数以亿计的各类人才。 常言说“国家兴亡，匹夫有责”，每个公民应该怎么做呢, (学生回答，教师归纳) 每个公民都有责任通过受教育掌握先进的科学文化知识，提高思想道德水平，提高技术业务水平，力争为国家的经济发展，社会进步多做贡献。 因此，从国家的繁荣发展和对公民的要求来说，受教育又是我国公民的一项基本义务。 2)从国家繁荣发展和对公民的要求来说，受教育又是公民的基本义务(板书) 正因为如此，我国宪法以根本大法的长工，确认受教育是我国公民的一项基本权利，同时规定受教育是我国公民必须履行的一项法定义务。 课堂小结 这节课，我们学习了一个概念;什么是受教育权;明确了一个观点:在我国，受教育既 公民的基本权利，又是公民的基本义务。 巩固新课 甘肃庆阳师范学校学生李勇，家住山区，生活条件艰苦，不仅经济困难，而且父亲身患重病，无人料理。他小小年纪为了改变家乡贫穷落后的面貌，渴望学到更多的科学知识。因此，遇到再大的困难，他也不肯放弃学习的机会，毅然决定“背起爸爸上学。” 请你结合本节所学知识，分析李勇的事迹。 课后作业 阅读第44页“提示”回答问题的(1)小题和“练习”的(4)小题。 第二课时 复习提问 投影一 丹阳经济实力在江苏处于中等偏上水平，教育发展却跃入全省先进行列。“党以重教为先，政以兴教为本，民以支教为荣”，在丹阳已成为全社会的共识。市委、市政府把教育现代化建设作为“一把手工程”来抓。在乡镇财税体制改革后，很多乡镇坚持教育发展的目标不变，投入不减。近两年来，用于学校基本建设和内部设施的总投入达到2.16亿元。1997年丹阳市被评为全“双基”教育先进县(市)、江苏省教育先进县(市)。如今在丹阳，乡镇与乡镇、学校与学校，你追我赶，不某落后。 问:丹阳市的乡镇由过去比办企业到现在比办学校这一深刻的变化，给我们什么启示, (设计此问题的目的:培养学生分析问题的能力，在温故中引出新内容。) (学生回答，教师归纳) 给我们的启示是:经济社会发展现代化，正强烈地呼唤着人才素质的现代化;而现代化的人才培训，必须领先教育的现代化。丹阳正是从本乡镇经济和社会的实际出发，紧紧抓住经济社会发展对人才培养的要求这一实际，通过教育现代化的实施，来拉动乡镇经济现代化建设。 导入新课 我国的教育事业是在旧中国的烂摊子上发展起来的，经过建国后，特别是改革开放以来的努力追赶，取得了举世瞩目的成就。但是，同发达国家相比，无论是教育的普及还是提高都还存在着差距。在这样严峻的形势面前，中华民族要崛起于东方，跻身于世界先进民族之林，必须大兴科教之风，从娃娃抓起，从培养人才的基础过程抓起。这是我国教育事业发展的“重中之重。” 二、国家实行九年义务教育(板书) 我国普及九年义务教育(板书) 请同学们看投影二: 材料一:原国家教委制定的《关于在九十年代基本普及九年义务教育和基本扫除青壮年文盲的实施意见》中，确定到2000年，在占全国总人口85%左右的地区普及九年义务教育，初中阶段入学率达到85%左右，在校生达到5500万;小学适龄儿童入学率达到99%，在校生达到1.35亿。我国是一个12亿人口的大国，各地区的情况千差万别，实现上述目标要分三步走:1996年累计在总人口45%左右地区“普九”;1998年累计在总人口65%左右地区“普九”;到2000年累计在总人口85%左右地区“普九”。 材料二;据统计，1996年全国已有52%的人口地区“普 九”，小学适龄儿童入学率和实践入学率分别达到98.8%和82.4%;在校生分别为1.36亿人和5000万人. 提问:上述材料说明了什么? (学生回答,教师归纳.) 材料一说明我国目前正在有、有步骤地实施九年义务教育;材料二说明1996年已经超额完成 “普九”任务，“普九”工作进展顺利。 提问;我国为什么只普及九年义务教育即初等(小学)教育和初级中等教育, 1)普及义务教育的原因(板书) (学生阅读教材后回答，教师归纳。) 原因有二;一是由于我国是个发展中国家，现在处于并将长时期处于社会主义初级阶段，目前还不具备普及高级中等教育和高等教育的能力;二是就教育自身发展而言，中小学教育是教育的“基础”，抓教育必须从娃娃抓起，这对于提高我国的民族素质，促进社会主义物质文明和精神文明建设，具有重要的战略意义。 2)义务教育的含义。(板书) (学生阅读教材后回答，教师归纳。) 所谓义务教育是依照法律规定，适龄儿童和少年必须接受的，国家、社会、学校和家庭必须予以保证的国民教育。 这里的“义务”是指用法律形式规定的，国家、社会、学校、家庭和适龄儿童少年都要遵守应尽的义务;教育专指学校教育。 3)义务教育的特征(板书) 请同学们看投影三; 材料一1996年，辽宁丹东市第31中学的学生流失现象比较严重，多达50人，于是学校所在地哈木堂镇政府向各村发出通知，要求辍学学生返校上课。负责教育的同志挨门挨户的宣传《义务教育法》，动员家长让孩子复学，但仍然有9名学生没有去学校报到。在秋季开学前，镇政府在多次说服教育无效的情况下，一纸诉状告到镇安区人民法院，法院经过依法审理，向这9名学生的家长下达了裁定书和执行通知书，对每位辍学学生家长罚款300元至500元，并强令他们在规定其间内送子女复学。由于法律的有力干预，这9名学生在新学期回到了学校。 材料二:截止1997年底，全国已经有1882个县(市、区)和县级行政区单位“普九”人口覆盖率为65%，小学适龄儿童入学率达到98.9%,初中阶段入学率为87.1%.其中江苏丹阳市小学入学率,继续保持100%.实践入学率保持在98%以上,7~15周岁残疾獐接受义务教育的入学率提高到95%. 材料三:1996年底,原国家教委、国家计委和财政部三家联合颁布了《义务教育学校收费管理暂行办法》，明确规定:接受义务教育的学生免收学费，只缴杂费，符合借读条件的学生缴借读费，除此之外，未经三家联合批准或省级人民政府批准，任何学校不得再向学生收取任何费用。 提问:上述材料反映出我国义务教育具有哪些显著特征, (学生结合材料回答，教师进一步分析并板书。) 材料一说明义务教育制度是依照法律规定，由国家强制力保证实施的全社会必须遵守的，不能违反，凡不履行其应承担的各项义务的行为，都要受到强制性的处罚或制裁，即义务教育具有国家强制性。 材料二说明义务教育具有普遍必性。在我国境内，凡适龄儿童少年都要入学接受规定期限的义务教育;全国各个地区都要实施义务教育。 材料三通过有关中小学收费政策的了解，使我们认识到，在义务教育阶段，免收学费，这说明义务教育具有免费性。在我国目前情况下，还难以做到免收一切费用，对杂费应按国家规定收取，不得乱收费。 义务教育具有国家强制性。(板书) 义务教育具有普遍性。(板书) 义务教育具有免费性。(板书) 建国以来我国的中小学教育有了很大的发展。到《义务教育法》颁布之前，学龄儿童入学率从旧中国的20%提高到90%，实践校数达到7.6万所,在校长数达到近4000万人,分别比旧中国增长了17倍和46倍,这些为推行义务教育打下了基础.但是总的来说,我国的基础教育还比较薄弱,表现在相当一部分农村尚未普及小学教育;许多适龄儿童特别是女童没有受完规定年限的教育,致使文盲、半文盲仍在产生;不少中小学教师缺乏应有的培训;一部分中小学办学条件较差(如36页图所示);在一些城镇和乡村初中学生中途辍学严重等等。这些状况同把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义现代化国家宏伟目标形成尖锐的矛盾。因此迫切需要制定义务教育法，以法律为依据，在全国有步骤地实施义务教育。 普及义务教育的法律保障——义务教育法(板书) 1)义务教育法确认并保障适龄儿童、少年接受义务教育的权利(板书) 同学们看教材，了解义务教育法规定适龄儿童、少年接受义务教育的权利主要包括哪些方面,(学生回答，教师归纳。) 入学的权利。 学完规定年限的权利。 就近入学的权利。 免交学费的权利。0 完成规定学业，获得相应证书的权利。 2)义务教育法规定国家、社会、学校、家庭有实施义务教育中的责任(板书) 首先，请同学们新闻记者教材了解教育法规定国家、社会、学校、家庭在实施义务教育中承担的责任是什么,其次，要求学生结合教材中现有的材料或所见所闻的一些有说服力的具体实例说明国家、社会、学校和家庭在保障适龄儿童和少年接受义务教育必须承担的责任。 同学们知道我国有史以来中央专项资金投入最多、规模最大、覆盖面最广的全国性教育工程是什么吗,对它的进展情况了解吗,请同学们看课后新闻记者与思考。 (学生回答，教材归纳。) “国家贫困地区义务教育”教育是1995年到2000年期间实施的一项旨在贫困地区普及义务教育的宏大工程，这一工程由中央、地方投入巨资，先期在经济发展中等的湖北、湖南等12个省的383个贫困县实施，目前又在新疆、内蒙古经9个省469个贫困县实施，它一方面使办学 条件、师资水平有了较大提高，另一方面推动了贫困地区义务教育的普及。这一实例反映出国家在义务教育中的职责主要有制定规划、认真组织落实;兴办学校，保证必要条件;筹措经费培养师资，提高教师待遇等。 同学们知识，目前我国参与人数最多、社会影响最广泛的一项社会公益活动是什么,它是希望工程，回答正确。自1989年希望工程实施以来，如今，经历了9个年头，进展如何呢, 请同学们看投影四: 据了解，目前全国希望工程的筹资规模已超过11亿元，救助失学獐160多万名，建设希望小学4000余所;还为近万所农村小学配置了“希望书库”。另外，为了表彰和鼓励在贫困乡村学校一直默默奉献、辛勤耕耘的优秀教师，该工程还设立了“希望工程园丁奖”，并对1000多名希望小学的校长进行了业务培训。为了下个世纪的中国不再有因贫困而失学的孩子，希望工程正进入冲刺阶段——经过两年的努力，希望工程要累计救助失学儿童250万到300万名，援建希望小学6000所，到本世纪未基本完成救助贫困失学儿童的使命。 这一事例反映出在实施义务教育中社会的主要责任是;捐资助学，尊师重教。 学校在保障儿童、少年接受义务教育方面的责任主要有;及时组织其入学;不得随意开除适龄学生或勒令其退学;贯彻教育方针，保证学生安全、健康和全面发展。 请同学们看投影五: 在陕西省乾县大墙乡的西小章小学了，校方一个学期除了向每位学生收取135元的书本费、杂费、报名费以外，还要收报费、药费、考试费，并为乡里代收每年50元的“普九费”。100多名学生因缴不起或不愿缴“普九费”而退学。 提问:学校的这种做法错在哪里,如果你是该校的一名因缴不起“普九费”而被迫退学的失学儿童，你该怎么办, (学生回答，教师归纳。) 学校由于乱收费，致使大批学生因缴不起“普九费”而辍学，严重违反了义务教育法。作为受害学生，应该依靠法律维护自己受教育的合法权利。 家庭的责任主要有:使适龄子女按时入学;保证适龄子女接受规定年限的义务教育。 我们最后讨论第39页的“议一议”:如果家长让你辍学学务工、务农，你怎么办, (学生回答，教育归纳。) 家长让适龄儿童、少年辍学务工务农，违反了义务教育法，没有承担家庭在实施义务教育中应负的责任。作为孩子，应该向家长宣讲义务教育法的有关规定，让家长知道自己的所为是违法的，应立即改正。 课堂小结 这节课，我们学习了一个概念:什么是义务教育;明确了我国普及义务教育的原因以及义务教育的特征;明确了义务教育法对适龄儿童、少年接受义务教育的权利的规定;明确了义务教育法规定的国家、社会、学校和家庭在实施义务教育中应承担的责任。 巩固新课 分析材料 浙江省余杭市某中学的初中生，只要向学校缴700元钱，即使不读初三，照样可以“毕业”，拿到初中文凭。(2)四川省波州曾开庭审理一起违反义务教育法的案子，泸县人民法院判决5名辍学学生家长限期送子女返校，其中4名家长竟找各种借口迟迟不予执行。请你根据本节所学知识，对上述两种做法发表自己的看法。 辨析 义务教育的免费性是指免收学生的一切费用。 课后作业 做第45页练习回答问题的(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)小题。 第三课时 复习提问 我国为什么要普及九年义务教育, 义务教育法对我国普及义务教育有何作用, (设计此问题的目的;复习上节课的知识，同时引出新内容。) 我国正处于社会主义初级阶段，这一基本国情决定了我国目前只能普及初等教育和初级中等教育即普及九年义务教育;就教育自身发展而言，中小学教育是教育的“基础”，对于提高我国的民族素质，促进两个文明建设具有重要的战略意义，因此我国实行九年义务教育制度。 义务教育法为我国普及义务教育提供了法律保障:一方面确认并保障适龄儿童、少年接受义务教育的权利;另一方面又明确规定国家、社会、学校和家庭在实施义务教育中的责任，要求其确保适龄獐、少年接受义务教育。它有力地推动了我国义务教育的实施。 导入新课 在我国，国家除了保障公民享有接受九年义务教育的权利外，还采取各种措施，保障公民的受教育权利。作为公民一定要自学发行受教育的义务。 三、国家保障公民的受教育权利，人民要自学发行受教育的义务(板书) 国家采取各种措施保障公民的受教育权(板书) 请同学们看投影一: 材料一:据有关部门调查，大城市和沿海经济发达地区的流动人口，已由群体性民工潮转向家庭型流动。由此带来的流动儿童、少年，其数量规模呈上升态势，流动人口中儿童、少年就学总是成为普及九年义务教育中的主要问题。教育部、公安部于1998年3月颁发《流动儿童少年就学暂行办法》，明确要求各地要以在全日制公办中小学借读为主，同时举办专门招收流动儿童、少年就读的民办学校来保障流动儿童、少年的就学;还规定，无论哪种办学形式，均不得以营利为目的，要按照有关规定制定合理的收费标准，不得高收费。 材料二:今年6月至8月间，我国长江、嫩江、松花江等地区发生特大洪涝灾害。8月初，教育部发出《关于切实做好高校经济困难学生入学工作的通知》，要求各教育行政部门高度重视并切实解决灾区经济困难学生的入学问题。要求各地灾区把抗灾复学、确保9月1日按时开学，作为当前教育系统救灾中的头等大事抓紧抓好。抓紧整修水毁校舍，确保师睡生命安全。要求做好学生工作，对经济困难的学生，实行减免、缓缴学杂费。对“三无户”(无钱、无粮、无劳力)和“倒房户”特困生，免收学费、杂费、班费。对困受灾父母双方式一方死亡的学生，逐个落实帮扶。对所有受灾学生，降低收费标准，缩小收费范围，严格控制代收费，以保证学生的复学。 提问:上述材料说明了什么, (学生回答，教师概括并板书。) 1)法律保障是公民享有受教育权的可靠保障(板书) 请同学们在分析材料的基础上，进一步看教材。其目的:第一了解我国教育法律体系的构成。第二，明确教育法在我国教育法律体系中的地位、作用。第三，明确我国教育法为保障公民的受教育权做出的规定。 (学生回答，教师概括。) 同学们回答的比较准确。通过以上几个问题，我们认识到，我国加快教育法制建设，已初步 形成教育法律体系，逐步走上依法治教的轨道;教育法是我国教育的基本法，是制定教育单行法律，行政法规、规章的依据，对保障公民的胺教育权提供了法律根据。 接下来，请同学们看教材第39页的一幅图，并思考假如你的一个同学被家长逼迫退学，你应该怎么帮他,假如你在校门口遭到搜身、抢劫、殴打，你应该怎么办, (学生讨论，发表看法，教师归纳。) 依据教育法律法规，依靠国家强制力，制裁拒绝发行法定义务的妨害教育的违法行为，依据刑法打击破坏教育的犯罪行为，能够有力地维护公民的受教育权。 为了保障公民切实享有受教育权，国家还为公民享有受教育权提供了物质保障: 请看投影二: 1996年我国财政教育经费支出为1671.7亿元,比上年的1411.52亿元增长18.43%;1997年财政教育经费为1863亿元,以上年又增长11.44%,占国内生产总值的2.5%左右;如果今后三年国内生产总值平均按目前的幅度增长,到2000年预计可达到10多万亿元,届时若财政教育经费支出按4%计算,总额应达到4000亿元左右. 以海南省海口市为例.海南建省十年来,海口市始终坚持:“一保教育，二保菜篮子”的财政支出方略，全市财政性教育经费支出年均增长高达42.7%，远远高于经济增长和财政支出增长水平;全市按人口平均教育经费高达400元，居全国省会城市前列“八五”期间，市财政用于中小学基本建设的经费达4.77亿元，占全市财政性基建投入的30%。 建省以来，海口市新建教育职工住房面积达17.2平方米，占现有教职工住房面积的69.58%。目前，全市教职工家庭人均居住面积达11平方米，住房成套率为75%，置身于教师新村，没有不为这么好的环境动情的。10年前的海口，许多学校还办在庙宇里，教育状况明显地落后于全国的平均水平。而今，新建、扩建和改建的上百所幼儿园、中小学面貌焕然一新。宽敞的教室，整洁的校园，音乐室、美术室、电脑房、语音室、健身房、手工制作室、物理化学实验室、生物标本室、图书馆、运动场，一应俱全。海口的教师，在全国聘选。据说选一应十，真正落实了优中选优，教师这一行成为人们羡慕的行当，争相报名。短短几年间，全市中小学专任教师的合格率，小学、初中、高中分别达到97%、94%、70%，分别比建省前提高16、33、19个百分点。 投资的效应是，一大批中青年科研型的教学骨干迅速成长，全市范围的教育质量大面积的提高。全年全市应届高中毕业会考合格率达到91.9%,为高等学校 输送的人才有了较大数量的增加;校际间的差距明显缩小,一批薄弱学校的教学质量跨入全市选进行列.原来落后的新海中学教学质量进入全市前三名,曾列全市50名之外的坡博实验学校,双科及格率也跃入先进行列. 学生整体素质、文明程度的提高,新组建的海口市教育局童声合唱团,荣获“全国优秀童声合唱团”的称号;海口旅游职业学校参加全国第二届职业中学美容美发大赛获两项优秀奖;二 十七小学少年摄影艺术团的几十个小同学，参加两次全国性摄影比赛，就拿回23个金、银、铜及优秀奖。 提问:上述材料说明了什么, (学生回答，教师归纳。) 从国家到地方都把教育摆在优先发展的战略地位，努力增加教育投入我国财政教育经费支出从1995年至2000年逐年递增 。海口市近年来财政教育经费支出的增长也远远高于经济增长和财政支出增长水平，在此基础上，海口市改善了教师的居住条件、办学条件，使教师的素质、教学质量不断提高，这说明物质保障是公民享有受教育权的物质基础。 2)物质保障是公民享有受教育权的物质基础(板书) 振兴民族的希望在教育，振兴教育的希望在教师，建设一支具有良好政法业务素质、结构合理、相对稳定的教师队伍，是发展教育的根本大计。师资保障是公民享有受教育权的重要条件。这是国家为公民享有受教育权提供的第三大保障。 3)师资保障是公民享有受教育权的重要条件(板书) 目前，我国师资状况如何呢,请同学们看书第42页的有关数据。 我国大力发展师范教育，培养、培训了大批师资。据统计，目前我国各类教职工总数已达1450万人。 国家尊师重教，制定了一系列政策，提高教师的社会地位，大力改善教师的工作、学习和生活条件，使教师成为最受人尊敬的职业。这在前面海口教育发展的例子中已有所体现。下面我们再以江西省萍乡市为例，说明师资保障的重要性，请看投影三: 萍乡市大力加强了教师队伍的建设，一方面大力开展师德教育和“三讲两学”活动，提高了广大教师的政治、业务素质和教书育人水平。另一方面从切实维护教师的合法权益出发，努力提高教师的社会地位和生活待遇，督促教师工资按时足额发放，解决教师住房、职称、民师选招等实际困难和问题。 正是由于在萍乡市营造出了这样一种党以重教为先、政以兴教为本、民以助教为乐、师以从教为荣的良好氛围，该市教育工作连年上台阶，“两基”工作多项指标居全省前列，小学入学率达99.9%，小学毕业生全部免试升入初中，小学辍学率为0.24%，青壮年非文盲率位居全省第一。 综上所述，为了保障我国公民切实享有教育权，国家采取了经济的、行政的、法律的等一系列措施，保障我国公民的受教育权，特别是为公民享有受教育权提供了法律保障、物质保障和师资保障，那么作为公民尤其是青少年，我们应该做什么呢, (学生回答) 作为公民尤其是青少年，我们应该珍惜受教育的权利，为了国家的富强、民族的腾飞而刻苦学习，从法律角度讲，就是要自觉发行受教育的义务。 2。自觉履行受教育的义务(板书) 同学们阅读教材:了解义务教育法的有关规定，明确接受义务教育的学生应承担的最基本的义务有哪些, (学生回答，教师归纳。) 应当履行按时入学的义务。 应当履行接受规定年限的义务教育的义务。 应当履行遵守学校纪律，尊敬教师，努力完成规定的学习任务的义务。 针对学生在学校生活中存在的问题，如上课迟到、不按时完成作业、破坏课堂纪律、旷课甚至中途辍学等不良现象，组织学生讨论，认识其危害，并要求学生结合自己的实际情况变感想，从而树立自学履行受教育义务的观念。 课堂小结 这节课我们学习了两个问题:一是国家为公民享有受教育权提供法律、物质、师资三大保障;二是公民尤其是青少年要自觉履行受教育的义务。 巩固新课 思考第45页“材料分析。” 课后作业 第45页练习中回答问题:(5)(6)小题。 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 s. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.