雪弗兰汽车底盘常见故障的诊断与分析毕业论文

雪弗兰汽车底盘常见故障的诊断与分析 1. 绪论 随着当前世界汽车技术的不断进步，人们生活水平的提高对汽车的安全性、操控性、舒适性和经济性等需求的提高。汽车的各大组成部分的维护与常见故障的诊断也日益显得重要。传动系是汽车发动机与驱动轮之间的动力传递装置。 传动系做为汽车的重要组成部分，并且直接影响到汽车的动力性和经济性。它应保证汽车具有在各种行驶条件下所必需的牵引力、车速，以及保证牵引力与车速之间协调变化等功能，使汽车具有良好的动力性和燃油经济性;还应保证汽车能倒车，以及左、右驱动轮能适应差速要求，并使动力传递能格局需要而平稳地结合或彻底、迅速地分离。人们对传动系的了解也显得很重要。因此，本文对雪弗兰迈锐宝传动系为例，介绍它的结构及常见故障。 2. 雪弗兰迈锐宝轿车的介绍 2013年2月18日2013款雪佛兰迈锐宝正式上市。新款迈锐宝在原有基础上进行了配置升级，并新增1.6T AT舒适版全新车型。 雪佛兰迈锐宝(英文名称Malibu)已经正式在上海国际车展全球首发。同时通用宣布，车型将在年内实现国产，这款重磅中级车将肩负雪佛兰全球战略的使命，雪佛兰迈锐宝是一款历史悠久的车型， 1964年发布第一代车型到现在，迈锐宝已经经历了半个世纪的洗礼，已经成为雪佛兰的优势中级车型。而全新一代的迈锐宝将成为一款全球战略车型，采用全球一致的外观化，随后在全球超过100多个国家销售。当然了，为了为车型让出空间，通用甚至不惜停产现款Epica(景程)来为迈锐宝让路。 迈锐宝是一款全球化车型，因此它的外观也融入了雪佛兰最有代表性的设计风格，外形设计的DNA引入了科迈罗(Camaro)的造型风格;拥有更加独特的力量感，同时在运动外观方面也不会落于人后。具体来看，迈锐宝的外观极具层次感，车头保险杠、进气格栅、引擎盖构筑了多层立体浮雕结构，突出了力量感。车身侧围面面交汇之处棱线分明，充满美式肌肉感。而车尾部分设计同Camaro科迈罗一脉相承，跑车式方形双炮筒尾灯设计，结合尾部极富层次感的立体造型，使整车视觉上充满力量感和速度感，令人过目难忘。此外，迈锐宝采用富有运动感的车身比例，运用1577mm的宽轮距设计，让整个车身显得既扎实稳重又富有containing gross errors, should immediately test if determined when monitoring data contain a large systematic errors, you should analyze ... 10.9.1 10.9 quality inspection and acceptance monitoring of equipment inspection and delivery inspection all our procurement monitoring equipment shall be as provided in section 10.2 of the terms of this technology, inspection and acceptance of delivery, and should include monitoring equipment factory inspection and test reports and delivery acceptance, acceptance certificate information supervising people. 10.9.2 monitoring instruments installed inbuilt quality check each measuring point measuring instruments and equipment after completion of installation, Embedment, immediately to inspect and test the quality of equipment installation, Embedment, and confirmed by the supervisor to check the quality before being allowed to begin monitoring contract work. Section 10.10 of completion on completion of each observation all monitoring equipment installed after laying, of 52nd of the references to this agreement the terms of the contract provisions, apply to the supervisor to monitor the project's acceptance of special, and according to the technical provisions 16.1. the 动感。即便迈锐宝安静地停在车道上，也会给人蓄势待发的感觉。千万不要认为迈锐宝的外观比较粗线条，但是实际上它的设计充分考虑到了降低风阻系数，从官方数据来看，其风阻系数只有0.288，接近雪佛兰Volt沃蓝达的数据。较低的风阻系数带来的是更低的油耗表现以及更低的风噪表现。 2.1宽敞舒适的车身设计 锐宝在车身尺寸方面表现相当出色，在轴距方面则控制在了2738mm，这比此前的雪佛兰景程的2700mm要增加了不少;同时它的轮距达到了惊人的1574mm，比上一代车型足足多了51mm，这也意味着，车身内部的横向空间表现更加优异。相比同级车型来说，迈锐宝或许在轴距方面并不占优势，但是独特的宽体车身设计却让内部空间更有优势，而且较短轴距的另外一个好处就是可以提升车辆的整体感，拥有更好的操控表现。官方数据来看，迈锐宝的内部空间比上一代车型(第七代迈锐宝，轴距甚至达到了2852mm)不但没有降低，反而有大幅度提升，其综合可用空间增加了113升，特别是后排肩部以及臀部的可用尺寸更大，这都同其宽体式车身设计有很大的关系。 2.2更好的安全性表现 安全性是迈锐宝避不开的话题，它率先配置了行人保护系统，能够在车辆与行人发生碰撞之后，有效降低行人与发动机发生二次碰撞的概率。除此以外，迈锐宝还配置了多安全气囊，包括前排双气囊、驾驶员膝部安全气囊、侧气帘等等;而车道偏离警告系统、自动碰撞响应系统、远程解锁系统、远程防盗等众多新颖的技术，从而全面提升车辆的安全性。 2.3良好的操控表现 迈锐宝构建于通用全新的Epsilon II平台，这个平台上已经诞生了别克新君威和新君越，而他们的实际表现已经获得用户的认可。迈锐宝采用了前麦弗逊、后多连杆的悬架布局形式，充分提升操控性;而迈锐宝此前进行了各国针对性调教也让车型更加符合中国的路况，从而发挥底盘的优势。前后大尺寸通风刹车碟以及铝制卡钳(前双活塞，后单活塞)带来了更短的刹车距离和散热效率。而独特设计的引擎盖经过了共振优化设计，从而降低发动机引起的震动和噪音表现;更节能的电控齿轮齿条式转向机构不但可以更具车速自动调节方向盘的助力输出范围，从而可以在低速的时候更轻盈的驾驶车辆，也可以在高速时提供更稳健的containing gross errors, should immediately test if determined when monitoring data contain a large systematic errors, you should analyze ... 10.9.1 10.9 quality inspection and acceptance monitoring of equipment inspection and delivery inspection all our procurement monitoring equipment shall be as provided in section 10.2 of the terms of this technology, inspection and acceptance of delivery, and should include monitoring equipment factory inspection and test reports and delivery acceptance, acceptance certificate information supervising people. 10.9.2 monitoring instruments installed inbuilt quality check each measuring point measuring instruments and equipment after completion of installation, Embedment, immediately to inspect and test the quality of equipment installation, Embedment, and confirmed by the supervisor to check the quality before being allowed to begin monitoring contract work. Section 10.10 of completion on completion of each observation all monitoring equipment installed after laying, of 52nd of the references to this agreement the terms of the contract provisions, apply to the supervisor to monitor the project's acceptance of special, and according to the technical provisions 16.1. the 操控表现。ABS四通道防抱死制动、TCS全功能牵引力控制、ESC四轮电子稳定性控制、EBD电子制动力分配、BAS制动辅助系统、CBC弯道制动控制、HBFA液压制动力衰减补偿以及DTC发动机扭力控制等技术进一步提升了操控乐趣。 2.4动力配置 动力方面自然也是迈锐宝的看点之一，其搭载通用的先进的Ecotec 2.0L、2.4L高效四缸智能直喷SIDI发动机，配合新一代6速手自一体变速箱，可以带来良好的动力响应，而未来车型还将引入1.6T涡轮增压版本，从而满足不同细分市场的需求。特别值得一提的是其对应的Ecotec 2.4L SIDI直喷发动机，这款发动机获得了2010年度的沃德全球十佳发动机的称号。对应新一代燃油缸内直喷技术，能够精确控制空燃比，大大提高燃烧效率，发动机的最大功率达到137马力，而最大扭矩也达到240牛米，这比通用此前的2.4升普通发动机有了较大的提升(功率为125千瓦，扭矩为225牛米)。同时，此发动机的冷启动排放还降低了25%。 3雪弗兰迈锐宝汽车传动系统的功用 汽车传动系是从发动机到驱动车轮之间所有动力传递装置的总称。不同配置的汽车，传动系的组成不同。如载货汽车及部分轿车，其传动系一般由离合器、手动变速器、万向传动装置(万向节和传动轴)、驱动桥(主减速器、差速器、半轴、桥壳)等组成，如图1-2示;而轿车中采用自动变速器的越来越多，其传动系包括自动变速器、万向传动装置、驱动桥等，即用自动变速器取代了离合器和手动变速器。汽车传动系的功用是将发动机的动力传给驱动车轮。 图2-1汽车传动系示意图 containing gross errors, should immediately test if determined when monitoring data contain a large systematic errors, you shou3 ld analyze ... 10.9.1 10.9 quality inspection and acceptance monitoring of equipment inspection and delivery inspection all our procurement monitoring equipment shall be as provided in section 10.2 of the terms of this technology, inspection and acceptance of delivery, and should include monitoring equipment factory inspection and test reports and delivery acceptance, acceptance certificate information supervising people. 10.9.2 monitoring instruments installed inbuilt quality check each measuring point measuring instruments and equipment after completion of installation, Embedment, immediately to inspect and test the quality of equipment installation, Embedment, and confirmed by the supervisor to check the quality before being allowed to begin monitoring contract work. Section 10.10 of completion on completion of each observation all monitoring equipment installed after laying, of 52nd of the references to this agreement the terms of the contract provisions, apply to the supervisor to monitor the project's acceptance of special, and according to the technical provisions 16.1. the 1-发动机 2-离合器 3-变速器 4-万向传动装置 5-减速器 6-变速器 7、9-半轴8-驱动桥壳体 3.1传动系的种类和组成 传动系可按能量传递方式的不同，划分为机械传动、液力传动、液压传动、电传动等。机械式传动系一般组成及布置示意图 图3-1发动机前置、纵置，后轮驱动的布置示意图 1-离合器 2-变速器 3-万向节 4-驱动桥 5-差速器 图3-1是传统的发动机纵向安装在汽车前部，后桥驱动的4×2汽车布置示意图。发动机发出的动力经离合器、变速器、万向传动装置传到驱动桥。在驱动桥处，动力经过主减速器、差速器和半轴传给驱动车轮。 图3-2发动机前置、纵置，前轮驱动的布置示意图 发动机前置、纵置，前桥驱动，使得变速器和主减速器连在一起，省掉了它们之间的万向传动装置。典型液力机械传动如图3-3所示。 图3-3 液力机械传动示意图 1-液力变矩器 2-自动器变速器 3-万向传动 4-驱动桥 5-主减速器6-传动轴 containing gross errors, should immediately test if determined when monitoring data contain a large systematic errors, you should analyze ... 10.9.1 10.9 quality inspection and acceptance monitoring of equipment inspection and delivery inspection all our procurement monitoring equipment shall be as provided in section 10.2 of the terms of this technology, inspection and acceptance of delivery, and should include monitoring equipment factory inspection and test reports and delivery acceptance, acceptance certificate information supervising people. 10.9.2 monitoring instruments installed inbuilt quality check each measuring point measuring instruments and equipment after completion of installation, Embedment, immediately to inspect and test the quality of equipment installation, Embedment, and confirmed by the supervisor to check the quality before being allowed to begin monitoring contract work. Section 10.10 of completion on completion of each observation all monitoring equipment installed after laying, of 52nd of the references to this agreement the terms of the contract provisions, apply to the supervisor to monitor the project's acceptance of special, and according to the technical provisions 16.1. the 液力传动(此处单指动液传动)是利用液体介质在主动元件和从动元件之间循环流动过程中动能的变化来传递动力。液力传动装置串联一个有级式机械变速器，这样的传动称为液力机械传动。 静液式传动系如图3-4所示。 图3-4静液式传动系示意图 1-离合器 2-油泵 3-控制阀 4-液压马达 5-驱动桥 6-油管 电传动是由发动机驱动发电机发电，再由电动机驱动驱动桥或由电动机直接驱动带有减速器的驱动轮。机械式传动系常见布置型式主要与发动机的位置及汽车的驱动型式有关。可分为: (1)前置后驱—FR:即发动机前置、后轮驱动 这是一种传统的布置型式。国内外的大多数货车、部分轿车和部分客车都采用这种型式。它是前轮转向后轮驱动，发动机输出动力通过离合器—变速器—传动轴输送到驱动桥上，在此减速增扭后传送到后面的左、右半轴上，驱动后轮使汽车运行，前后轮各行其职，转向与驱动分开，负荷分布比较均匀。 (2)后置后驱—RR:即发动机后置、后轮驱动 在大型客车上多采用这种布置型式，少量微型、轻型轿车也采用这种型式。发动机后置，使前轴不易过载，并能更充分地利用车箱面积，还可有效地降低车身地板的高度或充分利用汽车中部地板下的空间安置行李，也有利于减轻发动机的高温和噪声对驾驶员的影响。缺点是发动机散热条件差，行驶中的某些故障不易被驾驶员察觉。远距离操纵也使操纵机构变得复杂、维修调整不便。但由于优点较为突出，在大型客车上应用越来越多。 (3)前置前驱—FF:发动机前置、前轮驱动 这种型式操纵机构简单、发动机散热条件好。但上坡时汽车质量后移，使前驱动轮的附着质量减小，驱动轮易打滑;下坡制动时则由于汽车质量前移，前轮负荷过重，高速时易发生翻车现象。现在大多数轿车采取这种布置型式。 containing gross errors, should immediately test if determined when monitoring data contain a large systematic errors, you shou5 ld analyze ... 10.9.1 10.9 quality inspection and acceptance monitoring of equipment inspection and delivery inspection all our procurement monitoring equipment shall be as provided in section 10.2 of the terms of this technology, inspection and acceptance of delivery, and should include monitoring equipment factory inspection and test reports and delivery acceptance, acceptance certificate information supervising people. 10.9.2 monitoring instruments installed inbuilt quality check each measuring point measuring instruments and equipment after completion of installation, Embedment, immediately to inspect and test the quality of equipment installation, Embedment, and confirmed by the supervisor to check the quality before being allowed to begin monitoring contract work. Section 10.10 of completion on completion of each observation all monitoring equipment installed after laying, of 52nd of the references to this agreement the terms of the contract provisions, apply to the supervisor to monitor the project's acceptance of special, and according to the technical provisions 16.1. the 4传动系常见故障诊断与分析 传动系常见故障有离合器分离不彻底，起步发抖现象，飞轮与从动盘的接触面偏摆造成飞轮与从动盘不正常接触，离合器打滑现现象，异响现象;变速器异响，跳档，挂挡困难，乱档，漏油等;万象传动装置故障:万向节，传动轴，主减速器，差速器，驱动轮磨损严重间隙过大等。 4.1离合器常见故障和诊断 (1)分离不彻底现象: 发动机怠速运转，踩下离合器踏板，原地挂档有齿轮撞击声，且难以挂入，情况严重时，会导致发动机熄火。 (2)产生原因诊断及排除: 离合器自由行程过大，当踩下踏板时不能使膜片弹簧充分压缩，排除方法是进行调整;从动盘正反面装错，造成从动盘仍与飞轮有摩擦，排除方法是重新装配;从动盘翘曲变形，使从动盘与飞轮或压盘仍有摩擦，排除方法是进行校正从动盘;从动盘花键毂在变速器一轴(输入轴)上移动不灵活，造成从动盘与压盘或飞轮仍有摩擦，使离合器分离不彻底，排除方法是更换从动盘。 (1)起步发抖现象: 起步时，离合器不能平稳结合，而产生抖动。 (2)产生原因诊断及排除方法:从动盘的钢片或压盘发生翘曲，变形造成从动盘不能正常与飞轮或压盘接合，排除方法是更换从动盘或压盘。 (1)离合器打滑现现象: 放松离合器时合器时，汽车不能起步;加速时发动机转速上升，但车速不相 应升高;上长坡时，离合器冒烟且有糊味。当拉紧驻车制动器，进行起步试 验时，发动机本应熄火，若不熄火，表示离合器确实打滑。 (2)产生原因分诊断及排除方法: 离合器踏板自由行程太小或没有，膜片弹簧力全部或部分作用在操纵机构，而使从动盘不能很好地与飞轮及压盘压紧排除方法为:调整离合器自由行程。从动盘上有油污，造成从动盘表面摩擦力减小排除方法是:去除从动盘油污并排除漏油故障;从动摩擦片、压盘和飞轮工作面磨损严重，厚度减薄排除方法是:更换从动盘;弹簧退火，膜片弹簧疲劳或开裂排除方法是:更换压盘总成。离合器压盘与飞轮之间固定螺钉松动排除方法是:紧固螺栓;分离轴承套筒与其导管之containing gross errors, should immediately test if determined when monitoring data contain a large systematic errors, you should analyze ... 10.9.1 10.9 quality inspection and acceptance monitoring of equipment inspection and delivery inspection all our procurement monitoring equipment shall be as provided in section 10.2 of the terms of this technology, inspection and acceptance of delivery, and should include monitoring equipment factory inspection and test reports and delivery acceptance, acceptance certificate information supervising people. 10.9.2 monitoring instruments installed inbuilt quality check each measuring point measuring instruments and equipment after completion of installation, Embedment, immediately to inspect and test the quality of equipment installation, Embedment, and confirmed by the supervisor to check the quality before being allowed to begin monitoring contract work. Section 10.10 of completion on completion of each observation all monitoring equipment installed after laying, of 52nd of the references to this agreement the terms of the contract provisions, apply to the supervisor to monitor the project's acceptance of special, and according to the technical provisions 16.1. the 间因油污、尘腻或卡住而不能回位排除方法是:清洗导管。 (1)异响现象: 离合器分离或接合时发出不正常响声。原因及排除方法:分离轴承缺少润滑剂干磨或轴承损坏。排除方法是更换分离轴承;从动盘花键孔与轴配合松旷。 (2)产生原因诊断及排除方法 更换从动盘;从动盘摩擦片铆钉松动或铆钉头露出。排除方法是更换从动盘;分离轴承套筒与其导管之间有油污、灰尘或分离轴承回位弹簧与离合器踏板回位弹簧疲劳、折断、脱落，造成分离轴承回位不佳。排除方法是清洗更换损坏零件;从动盘减震弹簧退火、疲劳或折断。排除方法是更换从动盘。 4.2 变速器常见故障和诊断 (1)变速器异响 1)空档发响 现象:发动机低速运转，变速器处于空档位置有异响，踏下离合器板时响声消失。 产生原因诊断: ?变速器与发动机安装时曲轴与变速器第一轴中心线不同心，或变速器壳变形。 ?第二轴前轴承磨损、污垢、起毛。 ?变速器常啮齿轮磨损，齿侧间隙过大，或个别齿轮牙齿破裂。 ?常啮齿轮未成对更换，啮合不良。 ?轴承松旷、损坏、齿轮轴向间隙大。 ? 拔叉与接合套间隙过大。 (2)挂挡后发响 现象 :变速器挂入档位后发响,且车速越高声响越大。. 产生原因: ?轴的弯曲变形，花键与滑动齿轮毂配合松旷。 ?齿轮啮合不当，轴承松旷。 ?纵机构各连接处松动，拨叉变形。 (3)变速器跳档 现象:变速器自动跳回空档。 产生原因诊断: ?齿轮齿长方向磨成锥形。 ?自锁装置失效 containing gross errors, should immediately test if determined when monitoring data contain a large systematic errors, you shou7 ld analyze ... 10.9.1 10.9 quality inspection and acceptance monitoring of equipment inspection and delivery inspection all our procurement monitoring equipment shall be as provided in section 10.2 of the terms of this technology, inspection and acceptance of delivery, and should include monitoring equipment factory inspection and test reports and delivery acceptance, acceptance certificate information supervising people. 10.9.2 monitoring instruments installed inbuilt quality check each measuring point measuring instruments and equipment after completion of installation, Embedment, immediately to inspect and test the quality of equipment installation, Embedment, and confirmed by the supervisor to check the quality before being allowed to begin monitoring contract work. Section 10.10 of completion on completion of each observation all monitoring equipment installed after laying, of 52nd of the references to this agreement the terms of the contract provisions, apply to the supervisor to monitor the project's acceptance of special, and according to the technical provisions 16.1. the ?轴、轴承磨损松旷。 ?纵机构变形松旷，使齿轮在齿长方向啮合不足。 (4)挂挡困难 现象:不能顺利挂入档位 产生原因诊断: ?拨叉轴变形。 ?自锁和互锁装置卡滞 ?变速杆损坏 ?同步器耗损或有缺陷 ?变速轴弯曲或花键损坏 (5)变速器乱档 现象:所挂挡位于所需档位不符，或一次挂入两个档 产生原因诊断: ?换档杆预拨块间磨损。 ?互锁装置失效 )变速器乱档 (5 现象:机动车驾驶一段路后，用手摸变速器，有烫手感觉。 产生原因诊断: ?轴承过紧。 ?齿轮啮合间隙过小。 ?润滑不良。 (6)变速器漏油 产生原因诊断: ?密封垫损坏。 ?紧固螺栓松动。 ?变速器壳破裂。 (7)齿轮与花键的检修 常见损伤:磨损、齿面疲劳脱落及斑点、轮齿断裂及破碎。 检修:齿面小斑点可用油石修磨，损伤严重应更换;齿轮端面磨损长度超过齿长的 15 ,应更换;啮合面应在齿高中部，接触面积应大于齿轮工作面的 60 ,;各部分间隙应符合规定。 (8)轴的检修 常见损伤:磨损、变形、破裂。检修:用百分表测量弯曲变形，超标更换;用千分尺检查轴颈磨损程度，超标可焊修、镀铬或更换;轴上定位凹槽磨损、轴containing gross errors, should immediately test if determined when monitoring data contain a large systematic errors, you should analyze ... 10.9.1 10.9 quality inspection and acceptance monitoring of equipment inspection and delivery inspection all our procurement monitoring equipment shall be as provided in section 10.2 of the terms of this technology, inspection and acceptance of delivery, and should include monitoring equipment factory inspection and test reports and delivery acceptance, acceptance certificate information supervising people. 10.9.2 monitoring instruments installed inbuilt quality check each measuring point measuring instruments and equipment after completion of installation, Embedment, immediately to inspect and test the quality of equipment installation, Embedment, and confirmed by the supervisor to check the quality before being allowed to begin monitoring contract work. Section 10.10 of completion on completion of each observation all monitoring equipment installed after laying, of 52nd of the references to this agreement the terms of the contract provisions, apply to the supervisor to monitor the project's acceptance of special, and according to the technical provisions 16.1. the 齿、花键齿损伤超标应更换。 (9)变速器壳体的检修 常见损伤:变形、裂纹，销孔、轴承孔、螺纹孔磨损等。 检修:对于不大的裂纹可粘结或焊修，重要部位裂纹应更换;变形应检查两轴的轴线间的距离、平行度，上孔轴线与上平面的距离，前后两端面的平面度，平面变形可刨、铣、锉、铲修复，孔可镗削、镶套、刷镀修复;螺纹损伤超过 2 牙可换加粗螺栓或焊补后重新钻孔。 (10)轴承的检修 常见损伤;滚动体与内外圈磨损、麻点、斑疤和烧灼，保持架变形。检修:更换。 4.3万向传动装置故障诊断 (1)传动轴异响及振抖 传动轴异响及振抖主要表现在:在万向节与伸缩节及中间支承部分技术状况良好的情况下，传动轴在中、高速行驶时出现异响，且车速越高，响声越大。严重时车身及方向盘发出振抖，甚至握方向盘的手有麻木感，若此时脱挡滑行，则振抖更为强烈。导致这种现象的原因主要有: ?传动轴弯曲、轴管凹陷、传动轴装配时未将标记对正或传动轴万向节叉和花键轴与轴管焊接时歪斜，破坏了原件的动平衡。 ?传动轴上的平衡片失落或原件未进行动平衡补偿。 ?装配时，同一传动轴两个万向节叉不在同一平面。 ?中间支承橡胶圆环磨损、松旷、紧固方法不当，或吊架固定螺栓及万向节凸缘盘连接螺栓松动，使传动轴位置发生偏斜。 ?传动轴花键轴与套管叉的花键磨损过甚，间隙过大。 (2)诊断传动轴异响及振抖的方法是: ?首先检查中间支承吊架螺栓、万向节凸缘盘连接螺栓是否松动，视情况预以紧固。 ?如果响声非以上原因造成，则检查传动轴油管是否有磕碰凹陷，平衡片是否失落。平衡片的失落需要在原焊点位置重新焊接相似的平衡片。如果传动轴管有明显凹陷使传动轴本身失去平衡，应将花键轴和万向节叉在车床上切下，在轴管中穿入一根比轴管内径细的心轴，在凹陷处垫上型锤敲击修复。然后将切下的花键轴和万向节叉焊回原位。为了保证质量，施焊时，应将轴管放在专用架上，先在圆周对称点焊数点，然后校正其偏摆量，经校正后再沿圆周焊复。焊完冷却 containing gross errors, should immediately test if determined when monitoring data contain a large systematic errors, you shou9 ld analyze ... 10.9.1 10.9 quality inspection and acceptance monitoring of equipment inspection and delivery inspection all our procurement monitoring equipment shall be as provided in section 10.2 of the terms of this technology, inspection and acceptance of delivery, and should include monitoring equipment factory inspection and test reports and delivery acceptance, acceptance certificate information supervising people. 10.9.2 monitoring instruments installed inbuilt quality check each measuring point measuring instruments and equipment after completion of installation, Embedment, immediately to inspect and test the quality of equipment installation, Embedment, and confirmed by the supervisor to check the quality before being allowed to begin monitoring contract work. Section 10.10 of completion on completion of each observation all monitoring equipment installed after laying, of 52nd of the references to this agreement the terms of the contract provisions, apply to the supervisor to monitor the project's acceptance of special, and according to the technical provisions 16.1. the 后，再复查一次，若摆差过大应重新焊接。该项工艺过程较为复杂。如果传动轴大面积凹陷损伤则需更换该节传动轴。 ?如果异响和振抖仍未排除，则要检查伸缩节是否对准标记安装，如果安装正确，则要支起驱动桥，启动发动机，以怠速低挡运转，若传动轴摆动量大，可用大型划针测出偏摆部垃、方向、偏摆量，如果传动轴两端不正或弯曲，则要在压条上垫以与轴管相吻合的软质金属进行冷压校正, ?如果传动轴无偏摆现象，则要拆检中间支承轴承的夹紧橡胶圆环，视情况更换新件，待传动轴转动若干圈后，再重新紧固。 ?如果故障现象仍未消失，则要拆下传动轴总成，在平衡机上进行平衡试验。不平衡度超差者，要进行平衡片补偿。 4.4万向节和伸缩节异响 万向节和伸缩节异响主要表现在:汽车起步或车速突然改变时，传动装置发出“嘎”一声;当汽车缓车时，响声更为明显，发出“呱啦、呱啦"的响声。 导致万向节和伸缩节异响的主要原因有: (1)由于长期缺少润滑油，引起万向节轴颈磨损，轴承磨损或损坏，造成松旷，使万向节游动角度过大。 2)连接件的固定螺栓松动，包括万向节凸缘盘连接螺栓松动。 ( (3)伸缩节花键副因磨损过甚，或传动轴过短以致花键啮合长度不足，导向作用差，造成松旷。 诊断和排除万向节和伸缩节异响的方法是 (1)在车下用检查锤敲击万向节凸缘盘连接螺栓，检查其松紧程度，对松动的进行紧固，并向万向节轴承加注润滑油。 (2)如果试车响声仍未消失，则停车后,用两手握住万向节伸缩节的主、从动部分，检查游动角度，如万向节游动角度过大，则拆卸万向节叉及轴承，视油封、轴颈、轴承磨损具体情况更换损坏零件。 (3)如果响声系伸缩节游动角度过大造成，则可确定变速器第二轴后凸缘松动或主减速键齿轮的花键轴与凸缘花键轴槽磨损过甚造成，应视情况紧固螺栓(母)或更换损坏零件。 4.5驱动桥的故障诊断 驱动桥的常见故障为漏油、过热和异响。 (1)漏油: containing gross errors, should immediately test if determined when monitoring data contain a large systematic errors, you should analyze ... 10.9.1 10.9 quality inspection and acceptance monitoring of equipment inspection and delivery inspection all our procurement monitoring equipment shall be as provided in section 10.2 of the terms of this technology, inspection and acceptance of delivery, and should include monitoring equipment factory inspection and test reports and delivery acceptance, acceptance certificate information supervising people. 10.9.2 monitoring instruments installed inbuilt quality check each measuring point measuring instruments and equipment after completion of installation, Embedment, immediately to inspect and test the quality of equipment installation, Embedment, and confirmed by the supervisor to check the quality before being allowed to begin monitoring contract work. Section 10.10 of completion on completion of each observation all monitoring equipment installed after laying, of 52nd of the references to this agreement the terms of the contract provisions, apply to the supervisor to monitor the project's acceptance of special, and according to the technical provisions 16.1. the 现象:从驱动桥加油口螺塞、放油口螺塞、油封处或各接合面处可见到明显的漏油痕迹。 诊断原因: ?加油口或放油口螺塞松动; ?油封与轴颈不同轴、油封装反、油封本身磨损或硬化; ?油封轴颈磨损成沟槽; ?结合平面变形或加工粗糙; (2)过热 现象:汽车行驶一定里程后，用手触试驱动桥壳中部，有无法忍受的烫手感觉。 诊断原因: ?齿轮油不足、变质或牌号不符合要求; ?锥形滚动轴承调整过紧; ?主传动器一对锥形齿轮啮合间隙调整过小; ?差速器行星齿轮与半轴齿轮啮合间隙太小 (3)异响 现象:汽车挂档行驶时驱动桥发出较大响声，而当滑行或低速行驶时响声减弱或消失;汽车行驶、滑行时驱动桥均发出较大响声;汽车转弯行驶时驱动桥发出较大响声，而直线行驶时响声减弱或消失;汽车起步或突然改变车速时，驱动桥发出“抗”的一声;汽车缓车时驱动桥发出“格啦、格啦”的撞击声。 诊断原因: ?滚动轴承损伤、严重磨损或过于松旷; ?主传动器一对锥形齿轮严重磨损、轮齿变形、轮齿断裂、齿面损伤、啮合面调整不当、啮合间隙太大或太小、啮合间隙不匀或未成对更换齿轮等; ?主传动器从动齿轮变形或连接松动; ?主传动器主动齿轮凸缘盘紧固螺母松动; containing gross errors, should immediately test if determined when monitoring data contain a large systematic errors, you shou11 ld analyze ... 10.9.1 10.9 quality inspection and acceptance monitoring of equipment inspection and delivery inspection all our procurement monitoring equipment shall be as provided in section 10.2 of the terms of this technology, inspection and acceptance of delivery, and should include monitoring equipment factory inspection and test reports and delivery acceptance, acceptance certificate information supervising people. 10.9.2 monitoring instruments installed inbuilt quality check each measuring point measuring instruments and equipment after completion of installation, Embedment, immediately to inspect and test the quality of equipment installation, Embedment, and confirmed by the supervisor to check the quality before being allowed to begin monitoring contract work. Section 10.10 of completion on completion of each observation all monitoring equipment installed after laying, of 52nd of the references to this agreement the terms of the contract provisions, apply to the supervisor to monitor the project's acceptance of special, and according to the technical provisions 16.1. the 5结论 通过写本篇论文，我深刻的掌握了传动系典型故障现象及排除方法。本文对汽车传动系的结构认识以及故障诊断做了介绍，重点介绍了传动系的故障诊断分析。 总之，汽车底盘故障的诊断排除，不能仅凭前人累计的经验，更不能靠主观臆断，而是需要对故障现象进行多方面的、有针对性的综合分析，同时也需要汽车维修人员进一步提升自身技术水平。 containing gross errors, should immediately test if determined when monitoring data contain a large systematic errors, you should analyze ... 10.9.1 10.9 quality inspection and acceptance monitoring of equipment inspection and delivery inspection all our procurement monitoring equipment shall be as provided in section 10.2 of the terms of this technology, inspection and acceptance of delivery, and should include monitoring equipment factory inspection and test reports and delivery acceptance, acceptance certificate information supervising people. 10.9.2 monitoring instruments installed inbuilt quality check each measuring point measuring instruments and equipment after completion of installation, Embedment, immediately to inspect and test the quality of equipment installation, Embedment, and confirmed by the supervisor to check the quality before being allowed to begin monitoring contract work. Section 10.10 of completion on completion of each observation all monitoring equipment installed after laying, of 52nd of the references to this agreement the terms of the contract provisions, apply to the supervisor to monitor the project's acceptance of special, and according to the technical provisions 16.1. the 参考文献 [1]黄元泽，黄金陵。车身结构与设计。机械工业出版社，2000.9 [2]陈家瑞主编.汽车构造.北京:交通出版社，2003 [3]卢晓春主.汽车机械基础.北京: 机械工业出版社 2002.6 [4]汽车设计手册 整车 底盘卷 长春汽车研究所 [5]余志生，汽车理论，北京机械工业出版社，2005 [6]谭庆昌等主编.机械设计.长春:吉林科学技术出版社,2000.5 [7]陈晓华等主编.机械精度设计基础.长春:吉林人民出版社,2003 containing gross errors, should immediately test if determined when monitoring data contain a large systematic errors, you shou13 ld analyze ... 10.9.1 10.9 quality inspection and acceptance monitoring of equipment inspection and delivery inspection all our procurement monitoring equipment shall be as provided in section 10.2 of the terms of this technology, inspection and acceptance of delivery, and should include monitoring equipment factory inspection and test reports and delivery acceptance, acceptance certificate information supervising people. 10.9.2 monitoring instruments installed inbuilt quality check each measuring point measuring instruments and equipment after completion of installation, Embedment, immediately to inspect and test the quality of equipment installation, Embedment, and confirmed by the supervisor to check the quality before being allowed to begin monitoring contract work. Section 10.10 of completion on completion of each observation all monitoring equipment installed after laying, of 52nd of the references to this agreement the terms of the contract provisions, apply to the supervisor to monitor the project's acceptance of special, and according to the technical provisions 16.1. the 致谢 本论文是在导师刘国新导师的悉心指导下完成的。导师渊博的专业知识，严谨的治学态度，精益求精的工作作风，诲人不倦的高尚师德，严以律己、宽以待人的崇高风范，朴实无华、平易近人的人格魅力对我影响深远。不仅使我树立了远大的学术目标、掌握了基本的研究方法，还使我明白了许多待人接物与为人处世的道理。本论文从选题到完成，每一步都是在导师的指导下完成的，倾注了导师大量的心血。在此，谨向导师表示崇高的敬意和衷心的感谢～ 本论文的顺利完成，离不开各位老师、同学和朋友的关心和帮助。 containing gross errors, should immediately test if determined when monitoring data contain a large systematic errors, you should analyze ... 10.9.1 10.9 quality inspection and acceptance monitoring of equipment inspection and delivery inspection all our procurement monitoring equipment shall be as provided in section 10.2 of the terms of this technology, inspection and acceptance of delivery, and should include monitoring equipment factory inspection and test reports and delivery acceptance, acceptance certificate information supervising people. 10.9.2 monitoring instruments installed inbuilt quality check each measuring point measuring instruments and equipment after completion of installation, Embedment, immediately to inspect and test the quality of equipment installation, Embedment, and confirmed by the supervisor to check the quality before being allowed to begin monitoring contract work. Section 10.10 of completion on completion of each observation all monitoring equipment installed after laying, of 52nd of the references to this agreement the terms of the contract provisions, apply to the supervisor to monitor the project's acceptance of special, and according to the technical provisions 16.1. the