中东呼吸综合征

中东呼吸综合征 根据国家卫生和生育委员会通报，广东省惠州市出现首例输入性中东呼吸综合症确认病例，患者为韩国确认病例的密切接触者。面对中国确诊首例输入性中东呼吸综合征病例，希望大家能够多了解这种疾病的流行病学、人口学、临床特征、实验室检查结果，争取做到知己知彼，积极预防，从容面对。 截止2015年5月25日，据世界卫生组织(WHO)公布数据显示，全球累计实验室确诊的感染MERS-CoV病例(简称MERS)共1139例，其中431例死亡(病死率37.8%)。这些病例来自24个国家和地区，病例最多国家为沙特阿拉伯，病例多集中在沙特阿拉伯、阿联酋等中东地区，该地区以外国家的确诊病例发病前多有中东地区工作或旅游史。 中东呼吸综合征临床特征描述性医学研究论文病例最大的研究来自Abdullah Assiri教授等在2013年《柳叶刀》杂志的报道。作者对47例实验室确诊的MERS病例的流行病学、人口学和临床特点进行详细总结和分析。 2012年9月1日至2013年6月15日，来自沙特阿拉伯的47例经实验室RT-PCR确诊的MERS病例，平均潜伏时间为5.2天，95%患者出现症状时间约为12天。 人口学特征与病死率的关系:47例实验室确诊的MERS病例中，46例为成人，1例为儿童。36例为男性(77%)，男女比例为3.3:1。男女病死率无明显差异(61% vs 55%)28例患者死亡，病死率为60%，for computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet 病死率随年龄增长而提高，小于50岁人群中病死率39%(13/27)，而超过60岁人群病死率达75%(15/20)。 临床表现:临床特点分析，中东呼吸综合征最常见的临床表现是发热、发热伴畏寒寒战、咳嗽、气短、肌肉酸痛。腹泻、恶心呕吐、腹痛等胃肠道表现也较为常见。 96%的患者既往基础疾病，糖尿病、慢性肾脏病、慢性心脏病、高血压是最常见的基础疾病。 检查 1、实验室检查结果分析:47例患者通过RT-PCR确诊，同时通过Ct值测定病毒载量。血小板减少(36%)和淋巴细胞减少(34%)常见，但也有淋巴细胞增多(11%)。91%患者中性粒细胞及单核细胞计数正常。LDH及AST、ALT会在部分病人中有所升高，其他肝功能检查大多正常。 2、47例患者中没有一例血培养或呼吸道标本培养出细菌、病毒或真菌。 3、47例患者的影像学均发现异常。通常表现为单侧弥漫性病变或双侧异常，可出现如支气管充气征、空洞形成、磨玻璃影、结节影、甚至胸腔积液等。2014年Ajlan AM等总结了7例中东呼吸综合征肺炎CT特征，结果显示:6 例患者的 CT 存在双侧异常;5例患者CT存在磨玻璃样改变及实变影，5 例患者存在胸膜下肺组织(主要是下肺野)受累，其中 4 例还存在支气管血管周围肺组织受累。此外，有 3 例患者膈肌增厚，3 例患者存在少量的双侧胸腔积液。Ajlan AMfor computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet 认为，MERS住院患者最常见的 CT 表现是:以双侧胸膜下和基底部肺组织受累为主的广泛磨玻璃样密度影，而实变影相对少见。病变好发于胸膜下及支气管血管周围区域，提示此类肺炎倾向于机化性肺炎的表现模式。而对于生活在疫区或从疫区旅行归来的急重症患者而言，认识到这一表现模式或将有助于 MERS的早期诊断。 鉴别诊断 最近的讨论多集中在MERS与SARS在临床以及实验室的相似处上，这两种冠状病毒都会引起急性呼吸窘迫综合征，而2002年11月在中国南方爆发的SARS更为公众熟知。SARS自中国南方快速蔓延至中国香港，乃至全球，最终造成8422人患病，916人死亡(病死率约11%)，MERS病死率更高。MERS在临床表现上与SARS有些相似之处，但仍存在很多不同。 治疗 2013年12月香港大学新发传染病国家重点实验室的 Kwok-Yung Yuen 教授在Journal of Infection杂志首次证明了霉酚酸具有针对新型 MERS-CoV的体外抗病毒活性，同时提示干扰素 -β1b 和霉酚酸应考虑作为中东呼吸系统综合征(MERS)的试验性治疗，但是目前仍没有疫苗可以预防MERS。 在47例患者中，有42例(89%)在重症监护室治疗，34例(72%)接受机械通气。平均机械通气时间为7天，平均死亡时间为14天。大多数病人接受奥司他韦和覆盖常见社区获得性肺炎病原菌的抗菌for computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet 药物治疗。其中有5例患者经验性接受氟康唑治疗，2例应用激素，5例应用利巴韦林，1例应用干扰素-α以及5例应用免疫球蛋白。 预防 既然治疗困难，那预防一定是有意义的。根据WHO及中国卫生计生委对于防控中东呼吸综合征的建议: 1、预赴中东地区的民众，应注意个人卫生和手卫生，尽量避免密切接触有呼吸道感染症状的人员，避免接触动物及其排泄物，用一次性纸巾和洗手，减少与当地人接触，咳嗽讲究礼节，咳嗽和打喷嚏时，捂鼻捂嘴。 2、自中东地区入境的民众，如出现发热或流涕、咳嗽、咽痛等呼吸道症状，应主动通报边检防疫人员，配合接受检疫及后及时就诊。返国14天内，如出现发热或呼吸道症状，应佩戴口罩尽快就医，并避免乘坐公共交通工具前往医院，应主动向医护人员告知近期旅游史及当地暴露史，以便得到及时的诊断和治疗。 例。这名男性韩国患者，系韩国MERS病例的密切接触者。5月21日在韩国境内出现不适，26日乘坐飞机抵达香港，经深圳沙头角口岸入境抵达惠州。当地卫计部门28日凌晨2时，将该韩国男子转送至定点医院进行隔离治疗，并对其密切接触者就地隔离观察。 西安存在输入性病例的风险 for computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet 记者了解到，从2012年夏天开始，一种与SARS类似的新型冠状病毒开始流行于沙特阿拉伯，并扩散到其他国家。2013年5月23日世界卫生组织将这种疾病命名为“中东呼吸综合征”。因西安每年去中东地区人员较多，所以西安发生输入性病例的风险是存在的。 中东呼吸综合征目前还没有疫苗和特效药， 中东呼吸综合征症状是什么及预防方法介绍 目前，共有24个国家累计中东呼吸综合征(MERS)确诊病例1142例，其中465人死亡，病死率为40.7%。中国疾病预防控制中心副主任冯子健介绍，虽然死亡率较高，但传染性不及SARS。 什么是中东呼吸综合征 for computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet 中东呼吸综合征(MERS)是由一种新型冠状病毒(MERS-CoV)而引起的病毒性呼吸道疾病，该病毒于2012年在沙特阿拉伯首次被发现。冠状病毒是一组能够导致人类和动物发病的病毒，常能够引起人类发生从普通感冒到严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)的多种疾病。 发生在哪里 以下国家已经报告了中东呼吸综合征病例:中东地区的沙特阿拉伯、阿联酋、约旦、科威特、阿曼、卡塔尔和也门;非洲的埃及和突尼斯;欧洲的法国、德国、荷兰、希腊、意大利和英国;亚洲的菲律宾、马来西亚和黎巴嫩以及北美的美国。 病毒似乎在整个阿拉伯半岛广泛循环。近期中东以外地区报告的所有病例最初均在中东感染，然后输入到中东以外地区。这些旅行相关病例在本国内似乎没有感染其他人。2013年法国和英国的输入性病例导致了有限的人传人传播。 有哪些症状 典型病例常呈现发热、咳嗽和气短等症状，在检查中经常发现肺炎表现。胃肠道症状，如腹泻等也有报道。重症病例可导致呼吸衰竭，需要在重症监护室内机械通气和支持治疗。部分病例可出现器官衰竭，尤其是肾衰竭和感染性休克。病死率大约为27%。该病毒似乎会导致免疫力低下的人群，老年人和伴有慢性病(如糖尿病、癌症和慢性肺部疾病)的人群发生更严重的疾病。感染中东呼吸综合征的症状和非典for computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet 有些相似，潜伏期在2—14天，感染者会出现急性、严重呼吸道疾病，伴有发热、咳嗽、气短及呼吸困难，严重的病例会出现肾功能衰竭。 可以感染病毒而不发病吗 可以，部分人感染病毒后并不会出现症状。他们是因为在感染病例密接者的随访研究中被出中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒而被发现的。 人类如何感染该病毒的 还未确切了解人类如何感染该病毒的。在某些情况下，病毒似乎通过密切接触传播。这常出现在家庭成员、病人和医护工作者之中。最近，医护工作者感染报告增加。在一些社区病例中未找到可能的感染源。他们有可能是因为暴露于动物、人或者其他感染源而感染。 可以人传人吗 可以，但仅仅在有限的范围内。这种病毒在人与人之间传播似乎不大容易，除非有密切接触，如看护病人时未进行保护。在医院内集聚性病例中，人际间传播更容易，特别是感染预防与控制措施不足的时候。到目前为止，没有证据表明有持续的社区内传播。 病毒的感染来源是什么——蝙蝠、骆驼、家畜 for computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet 全部的感染来源尚不完全清楚。但在埃及、卡塔尔和沙特的骆驼中分离到和人类病毒株相匹配的病毒株。很多研究已经在非洲和中东的骆驼中发现病毒抗体。人和骆驼的病毒基因序列数据表明两者之间存在密切联系。可能还存在其他宿主。 应避免和骆驼及其产品接触吗 作为一般的预防措施，目前前往农场、市场、谷仓或者有其他动物场所的任何人，都应该采取一般的卫生措施，如接触动物前后要经常洗手，避免接触患病动物。 食用生的或未煮熟的动物产品(如奶和肉)，带来了多种病原微生物感染的高风险。通过烹饪或巴氏灭菌法适当处理的动物产品可安全食用，但也需小心处理，避免与未煮过的食物交叉污染。骆驼肉和奶在加热灭菌、烹饪或其他热处理后是可以持续消费的营养产品。 在更多的信息被获得之前，患有糖尿病，慢性肺部疾病，肾衰或免疫力低下的人群被认为是患MERS-CoV的高风险人群。因此，这些人群应避免与骆驼接触，或者吃尚未煮熟的肉类。 骆驼农场和屠宰场的工人应该有良好的个人卫生习惯，如在接触动物后勤洗手、可行的面部保护和穿防护服(工作后需要脱下和每天清洗)。工人们还应该避免让家庭成员接触被骆驼或骆驼排泄物污染的脏工作服、鞋子或其他物品。不宰杀食用生病的动物。避免直接接触已经确认被MERS-CoV感染的动物。 for computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet 有可用的疫苗可预防吗 目前还没有针对这一新型冠状病毒的特效药和疫苗，也没有特异性治疗方法。治疗方法是支持性的和基于病人的临床状况的。 医务人员有感染MERS的风险吗 是的。在一些国家的医院内已经发生了传播，包括从病例传播到医护工作者。由于并不总是能够在疾病早期或未做检测时就发现MERS病例，因为疾病的症状和其他临床表现并不是特异的，因此，医务人员要确保在诊疗所有病人时始终采取防护措施。当诊疗急性呼吸道感染症状病人时，除标准防护措施外还应采取飞沫防护措施。诊疗疑似或确诊MERS病例时，应增加接触防护措施以及眼部保护措施。当进行可产生气溶胶的操作时，还需采取空气传播防护措施。 专家声音 发生大规模暴发流行的可能性不大 截至2015年3月22日，全球共向世界卫生组织通报了1090例中东呼吸综合征确诊病例，死亡412例，病死率高达37.8%，病例分布于23个国家，涵盖中东地区、欧洲、非洲、亚洲、北美洲，其中沙特阿拉伯967例，占总病例数的88.7%。 “我国SARS防控经验适用于中东呼吸综合征。”曾于去年受国家卫计委委派，赴西非几内亚执行埃博拉的救援任务的北京地坛医院for computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet 感染中心副主任王凌航介绍，对于中东呼吸综合征来说，是动物宿主携带病毒，人接触后被感染而出现了急性呼吸综合征，表现的形式类似SARS。“其实，我们对于这个病的防控经验并不缺乏。SARS的防控经验也适用于这种呼吸道的传染疾病。” 钟南山:暂无MERS从空气传播证据 中国院院士钟南山表示，现在没有证据说明该中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒会通过空气扩散传播。对于空气净化器可消杀该病毒的说法有待讨论。 中国工程院院士钟南山表示，中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒，病死率达30%多。这个疾病到现在没有可用的疫苗和药物治疗方法，主要还是控制症状。“该病毒没有发生变异，只是有限的人传人，目前还没有找到第一代，第二代传播的数据。应该会比较好控制的。” 疾控中心特别提醒公众: 目前中东呼吸综合征尚无特异性治疗措施和疫苗，了解该病基本知识，做好预防是关键。特别是赴中东国家(包括沙特阿拉伯、卡塔尔、约旦、也门、阿曼、阿联酋、科威特、伊拉克等)或到近期有疫情发生国家(如韩国)旅游、经商、劳务输出的公众应该做到: for computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet 1、来自中东地区国家的入境、归国人员，如有发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难等急性呼吸道症状，入境时应当主动向出入境检验检疫机构口头申报。 2、入境后2周内出现急性呼吸道症状者，应当立即到医院就诊，就医时做好个人防护避免感染他人，并向医生说明近期旅行史，以便及时得到诊断和治疗。 3、前往中东地区国家的人员应当保持良好的个人卫生习惯，如养成勤洗手的良好习惯，未洗手前避免用手直接接触口、鼻、眼;避免与急性呼吸道感染病人密切接触;尽量避免接触单峰骆驼、蝙蝠等，必须接触时则需注意个人防护，并及时洗手;注意饮食卫生，不吃未彻底煮熟的食物、未经消毒的奶、未削皮的水果、生的蔬菜，不喝不干净的生水等。 4、旅行期间应注意充足休息，保持良好的身体状况，避免过度劳累;居住或出行时应保持室内或交通工具内空气流通。尽量避免在人群密集的场所长时间停留。 5、在旅行中如果出现发热，伴有咳嗽、呼吸困难等急性呼吸道感染症状，应当立即就医。患病期间应尽量避免与其他人员密切接触，近距离接触他人时应戴口罩;咳嗽或打喷嚏时用纸巾、毛巾等遮住口鼻，并将污染的纸巾妥善弃置;打喷嚏、咳嗽或清洁鼻子后应彻底洗手。 for computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet 中东呼吸综合征(MERS)病毒2012年首次出现在沙特，之后在中东等 地传播，欧洲、非洲、亚洲、美洲等20多个国家陆续出现疫情和医 务人员感染。MERS病毒与2003年肆虐的非典同属冠状病毒，其传染 性不及非典，但病死率比非典高。根据目前已知的病毒学、临床和流 行病学资料，MERS冠状病毒已具备有限的人传人能力，但无证据表 明该病毒具有持续人传人的能力。 for computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet