工程测量工技师、高级技师试题及答案

工程测量工技师、高级技师试题及 工程测量工(高级技师)理论知识样卷 (考试时间120分钟) 注意事项 1、平面位置和高程、地物地貌的形状 2、圆曲线、缓和曲线3、弦切角 4、坐标X、Y和高程H 5、水平、气泡居中 6、平面位置、高程 7、0.3 8、0.2m 9、墩顶构造图 10、项目竣工验收 11、?0.00标高 12、平面位置、高程 13、向内移动 一、填空题(20分) 1、地形测图的主要内容:一是测定地形特征点的__平面位置和高程，二是在图上描绘_地物地貌的形状。 2、铁路曲线按性质分有_圆曲线__和_缓和曲线两种。 3、曲线测设中的偏角指的是曲线上该点的__弦切角_。 4、测量工作的实质是确定地面点的位置，而点的位置是以崩离析 坐标X、Y 和高程 表示的。 5、竖盘指标差是指当视线__水平_，竖盘指标水准管_气泡居中或补偿器打开的情况下指标读数与正确读数之差。 6、角度测量包括水平角和竖直角，其中测水平角是为确定点_平面位置_,而测竖直角是为间接测量点的_高程_。 7、水准测量时，为了减弱大气折光的影响，一般规定高度不得低于0.38m。 8、某地形图的比例为1:2000，则其测图的比例尺精度为_0.2米。 9、桥墩是桥梁的中间支沉部分，它由基础、墩身和墩顶三部分组成，桥墩图包括桥墩总图、_______________和墩顶钢筋布置图等。 10、项目施工管理的三个阶段分为:项目施工准备、项目正式施工、_______________。 11、建筑设计常以建筑物底层内坪标高即_______________，为高程起算点。 12、施工测量的目的是把建筑物的______________和_____________，按照设计要求和施工需要测设到地面上。 13、在两端切线已定的情况下，如果在圆曲线的两端加入缓和曲线，圆曲线必须 。 quality egg, chicken, ... Development of poultry industry will occupy a certain area of land, there is a modern product with comprehensive rollup of 50,000 chickens laying hens, covers an area of 14.87 hectares (233 acres) more (including Office of hatching, brood rearing, and laying House, eggs, feed processing workshop, Office, etc). The poultry industry should work in land conservation, not accounted for or less cultivated land, wasteland, the principle of slope land. When the chicken farm should generally not available to local arable land area to determine an appropriate level of breeding size and not, as in the past, first determine the size, then go to the expropriation. 3. energy-saving, water-saving awareness in the 1970 of the 20th century, the pig and chicken farm mechanization in our country forward under the slogan, the country started building a modern large chicken farms in the climax. Was built as the fully enclosed intensive chicken farms, using artificial light, mechanical feeding and mandatory ventilation, a small number of chicken farms also use mechanical sets eggs and manure. According to statistics, fully enclosed chicken coop per chicken when the annual electricity consumption of 10-kilowatt •, half opened the henhouse when • 2~5 kW (open), when the entire opening is 0.5 kW •, rolling open sheds at 0.45 kW •. Hen house types, power consumption difference is very big, a difference of 10~20. China's energy supply is in short supply. Therefore, in determining the breeding, poultry equipment selection should take full consideration of energy saving issues. Lack of fresh water resources in China, the average annual precipitation is 600 mm. 1988 2474 cubic meters of water per capita in China, only 1/4 of the population all over the world, now reduced to 2300 cubic meters. Hen daily water intake to about 1.5~2 times, so when you 二、名词解释(8分) 1、地形图—— 2、控制测量—— 3、比例尺—— 4、中误差—— 三、判断题(对的划ü，错误的划×，10分) 1、在测设线路中线的位置时，首先要把曲线的位置测设出来，然后再测设直线。( ) 2、转向角是线路前进方向的每个交点处，前视方向线偏离后视方向之延长线的转角。( ) 3、圆曲线基本要素中，转向角α是事先直接测出的。( ) 4、在线路上，百米桩和加桩都属于控制桩。( ) 5、隧道洞内水准点应每隔200~500米设一个高程控制点，以便利检查( ) 6、在竣工总平面图编制中，对于隐蔽工程，应根据设计资料进行编制( ) 7、房屋建筑施工场地的平面控制分为三种形式:采用导线、采用控制网、采用建筑基线( ) 8、山尖与洼地的等高线形状相近。( ) 9、等高线的间隔越小，越能详细地表示地面的变化情况。( ) 10、地形测量中，碎部点是越多越好。( ) 四、选择题(共20分，每题1分;1,15题为单选题;16,20题为多选题，选错一个答案不给分) 1、线路上DK10+000中的DK的意思是( ) quality egg, chicken, ... Development of poultry industry will occupy a certain area of land, there is a modern product with comprehensive rollup of 50,000 chickens laying hens, covers an area of 14.87 hectares (233 acres) more (including Office of hatching, brood rearing, and laying House, eggs, feed processing workshop, Office, etc). The poultry industry should work in land conservation, not accounted for or less cultivated land, wasteland, the principle of slope land. When the chicken farm should generally not available to local arable land area to determine an appropriate level of breeding size and not, as in the past, first determine the size, then go to the expropriation. 3. energy-saving, water-saving awareness in the 1970 of the 20th century, the pig and chicken farm mechanization in our country forward under the slogan, the country started building a modern large chicken farms in the climax. Was built as the fully enclosed intensive chicken farms, using artificial light, mechanical feeding and mandatory ventilation, a small number of chicken farms also use mechanical sets eggs and manure. According to statistics, fully enclosed chicken coop per chicken when the annual electricity consumption of 10-kilowatt •, half opened the henhouse when • 2~5 kW (open), when the entire opening is 0.5 kW •, rolling open sheds at 0.45 kW •. Hen house types, power consumption difference is very big, a difference of 10~20. China's energy supply is in short supply. Therefore, in determining the breeding, poultry equipment selection should take full consideration of energy saving issues. Lack of fresh water resources in China, the average annual precipitation is 600 mm. 1988 2474 cubic meters of water per capita in China, only 1/4 of the population all over the world, now reduced to 2300 cubic meters. Hen daily water intake to about 1.5~2 times, so when you A、定测里程 B、初测里程 C、既有线里程 2、图示比例尺一般都画在地形图的底部中央，以( )为基本单位。 A、1cm B、2cm C、5cm 3、在桥梁设计时，为使列车运行时梁的两侧受力均匀，梁的工作线应尽量接近线路中线，梁的布置应使工作线的转折点向线路中线外移动一段距离，这个距离称为_______________。 A、桥梁偏距 B、桥梁偏心距 C、桥墩施工误差 D、桥墩偏距 4、曲线桥梁的桥墩在施工中，原定位桩常被破坏，为便于施工，在施工范围内需钉设高护桩，一个曲线桥墩需钉设____________个护桩。 A、2 B、4 C、6 D、8 5、桥梁施工测量的主要内容和方法有:_________、桥梁控制测量、墩台定位及轴线测量，墩台的细部放样及梁部放样等。 A、 平面控制测量 B、高程控制测量 C、三角网测量 D、桥轴线长度测量 6、仪器在缓圆点或圆缓点对曲中点的偏角δQZ=( ) A、α?4 B、(α-2β0)?2 C、(α-2β0)?4 7、加缓和曲线的曲线测设精度与无缓和曲线的曲线精度相比，精度要求( ) A、高 B、低 C、相同 8、在缓圆点(或圆缓点)设置圆曲线，当仪器视准轴的误差很微小时，即在100m的距离范围，正倒镜偏差不超过( )，可采取倒转望远镜的方法测设。 A、5mm B、10 mm C、15mm 9、若某曲线上缓和曲线长l0=20，且i1=7′09″，则i2=( ) quality egg, chicken, ... Development of poultry industry will occupy a certain area of land, there is a modern product with comprehensive rollup of 50,000 chickens laying hens, covers an area of 14.87 hectares (233 acres) more (including Office of hatching, brood rearing, and laying House, eggs, feed processing workshop, Office, etc). The poultry industry should work in land conservation, not accounted for or less cultivated land, wasteland, the principle of slope land. When the chicken farm should generally not available to local arable land area to determine an appropriate level of breeding size and not, as in the past, first determine the size, then go to the expropriation. 3. energy-saving, water-saving awareness in the 1970 of the 20th century, the pig and chicken farm mechanization in our country forward under the slogan, the country started building a modern large chicken farms in the climax. Was built as the fully enclosed intensive chicken farms, using artificial light, mechanical feeding and mandatory ventilation, a small number of chicken farms also use mechanical sets eggs and manure. According to statistics, fully enclosed chicken coop per chicken when the annual electricity consumption of 10-kilowatt •, half opened the henhouse when • 2~5 kW (open), when the entire opening is 0.5 kW •, rolling open sheds at 0.45 kW •. Hen house types, power consumption difference is very big, a difference of 10~20. China's energy supply is in short supply. Therefore, in determining the breeding, poultry equipment selection should take full consideration of energy saving issues. Lack of fresh water resources in China, the average annual precipitation is 600 mm. 1988 2474 cubic meters of water per capita in China, only 1/4 of the population all over the world, now reduced to 2300 cubic meters. Hen daily water intake to about 1.5~2 times, so when you A、14′18″ B、28′36″ C、42′54″ 10、用切线支距法测设曲线，如果值很大时，不易准确，影响精度。因此一般应使,没值限定在( )以内。 A、20m B、25m C、30, 11、在测设曲线时，置镜点与测点的距离宜在( )米以内。 A、100 B、200 C、300 12、为了提高曲线测设精度，必须首先注意提高( )的测设精度，特别是注意提高切线测量的精度。 A、偏角 B、加桩 C、主点 13、缓和曲线的总偏角是缓和曲线的切线角的( )倍。 A、1/3 B、3 C、2/3 14、自圆心向主切线作垂线的垂足到ZH或HZ点的距离称为( )。 A、切垂距 B、外矢距 C、中心距 15、高速铁路桥梁施工时的平面控制网坐标必须采用( ) 16、导线的布置形式有( )。 A、附和导线 B、闭合导线 C、精密导线 D、支导线 A、定测阶段的平面坐标系 B、独立坐标系、C、一般采用定测阶段的平面坐标系 17、建筑施工场地的平面控制可采用( )。 A、导线 B、三角网 C、建筑基线 D、建筑方格网 18、建筑方格网测设要求为( ) A、经纬仪不低于J6级，角度测量采用正倒镜测回法 quality egg, chicken, ... Development of poultry industry will occupy a certain area of land, there is a modern product with comprehensive rollup of 50,000 chickens laying hens, covers an area of 14.87 hectares (233 acres) more (including Office of hatching, brood rearing, and laying House, eggs, feed processing workshop, Office, etc). The poultry industry should work in land conservation, not accounted for or less cultivated land, wasteland, the principle of slope land. When the chicken farm should generally not available to local arable land area to determine an appropriate level of breeding size and not, as in the past, first determine the size, then go to the expropriation. 3. energy-saving, water-saving awareness in the 1970 of the 20th century, the pig and chicken farm mechanization in our country forward under the slogan, the country started building a modern large chicken farms in the climax. Was built as the fully enclosed intensive chicken farms, using artificial light, mechanical feeding and mandatory ventilation, a small number of chicken farms also use mechanical sets eggs and manure. According to statistics, fully enclosed chicken coop per chicken when the annual electricity consumption of 10-kilowatt •, half opened the henhouse when • 2~5 kW (open), when the entire opening is 0.5 kW •, rolling open sheds at 0.45 kW •. Hen house types, power consumption difference is very big, a difference of 10~20. China's energy supply is in short supply. Therefore, in determining the breeding, poultry equipment selection should take full consideration of energy saving issues. Lack of fresh water resources in China, the average annual precipitation is 600 mm. 1988 2474 cubic meters of water per capita in China, only 1/4 of the population all over the world, now reduced to 2300 cubic meters. Hen daily water intake to about 1.5~2 times, so when you B、鉴定过的钢尺量边，采用精密丈量法 C、主轴线选在场地中部或建筑定位要求高的地方，并与主要建筑物的轴线平行 D、测设精密符合要求 19、隧道贯通测量误差包括( )。 A、纵向贯通误差 B、曲线贯通误差 C、横向贯通误差 D、高程贯通误差 20、新线定测阶段主要测量工作( )。 A、线路中线测量 B、线路纵断面测量 C、线路横断面测量 D、导线测量 五、论述题(26分) 1、 已知一个桥梁工程施工测量编制完成后，为保证方案的实施应制定保证措施，请你从实际工作角度出发说明保证措施所包含的内容有哪些,(6分) 2、 怎样检验S3水准仪的i角误差(简述操作步骤),(6分) 3、地形图的主要用途有哪些,(6分) 4、请你根据工作经历，简述对一座水电站的施工控制网的实施方案,(8分) 六、计算题(16分) 1、已知BM10~BM11之间为0.8Km，BM10的高程为201.013m，其往返水准测量记录如下表，试问BM10~BM11的往返闭合差是否在允许范围内，其测量是否合格,如果测量合格，试计算出BM11的高程。(6分) 测点 后 视 前 视 高 差 仪器高 高 程 转点 中间点 ， , BM10 3.211 201.013 ZD1 2.014 1.116 ZD2 2.567 1.010 ZD3 1.923 0.582 ZD4 2.707 0.723 BM11 1.035 ? 12.422 4.466 BM11 1.352 ZD1 0.903 2.417 ZD2 0.305 1.565 ZD3 1.521 2.701 ZD4 0.904 2.414 BM10 3.841 ? 辅 助 计 算 2、已知一闭合导线如下图，试计算出该闭合导线中2、3、4点的坐标，并验算是否合格(10分)。 点 号 观测右角 quality egg, chicken, ... Development of poultry industry will occupy a certain area of land, there is a modern product with comprehensive rollup of 50,000 chickens laying hens, covers an area of 14.87 hectares (233 acres) more (including Office of hatching, brood rearing, and laying House, eggs, feed processing workshop, Office, etc). The poultry industry should work in land conservation, not accounted for or less cultivated land, wasteland, the principle of slope land. When the chicken farm should generally not available to local arable land area to determine an appropriate level of breeding size and not, as in the past, first determine the size, then go to the expropriation. 3. energy-saving, water-saving awareness in the 1970 of the 20th century, the pig and chicken farm mechanization in our country forward under the slogan, the country started building a modern large chicken farms in the climax. Was built as the fully enclosed intensive chicken farms, using artificial light, mechanical feeding and mandatory ventilation, a small number of chicken farms also use mechanical sets eggs and manure. According to statistics, fully enclosed chicken coop per chicken when the annual electricity consumption of 10-kilowatt •, half opened the henhouse when • 2~5 kW (open), when the entire opening is 0.5 kW •, rolling open sheds at 0.45 kW •. Hen house types, power consumption difference is very big, a difference of 10~20. China's energy supply is in short supply. Therefore, in determining the breeding, poultry equipment selection should take full consideration of energy saving issues. Lack of fresh water resources in China, the average annual precipitation is 600 mm. 1988 2474 cubic meters of water per capita in China, only 1/4 of the population all over the world, now reduced to 2300 cubic meters. Hen daily water intake to about 1.5~2 times, so when you ? ′ ″ 改正后右角 ?′″ 坐标方位角 ?′″ 边长 计算坐标增量 改正后坐标增量 坐标 点 号 ?X ?Y ?X ?Y X Y 1 89 36 36 200.00 200.00 1 135 23 00 78.162 89 33 54 2 129.34 3 73 00 18 3 80.18 4 107 48 30 4 105.22 1 1 ? 四、参考答案 (一)技师 一、填空题(10分) 1、高程 2、两点间的高差 3、1:10000 4、用户设备 5、主机 6、纵断面线形 7、墩顶构造图 8、项目竣工验收 9、?0.00标高 10、为工程的扩建或改建提供原始依 quality egg, chicken, ... Development of poultry industry will occupy a certain area of land, there is a modern product with comprehensive rollup of 50,000 chickens laying hens, covers an area of 14.87 hectares (233 acres) more (including Office of hatching, brood rearing, and laying House, eggs, feed processing workshop, Office, etc). The poultry industry should work in land conservation, not accounted for or less cultivated land, wasteland, the principle of slope land. When the chicken farm should generally not available to local arable land area to determine an appropriate level of breeding size and not, as in the past, first determine the size, then go to the expropriation. 3. energy-saving, water-saving awareness in the 1970 of the 20th century, the pig and chicken farm mechanization in our country forward under the slogan, the country started building a modern large chicken farms in the climax. Was built as the fully enclosed intensive chicken farms, using artificial light, mechanical feeding and mandatory ventilation, a small number of chicken farms also use mechanical sets eggs and manure. According to statistics, fully enclosed chicken coop per chicken when the annual electricity consumption of 10-kilowatt •, half opened the henhouse when • 2~5 kW (open), when the entire opening is 0.5 kW •, rolling open sheds at 0.45 kW •. Hen house types, power consumption difference is very big, a difference of 10~20. China's energy supply is in short supply. Therefore, in determining the breeding, poultry equipment selection should take full consideration of energy saving issues. Lack of fresh water resources in China, the average annual precipitation is 600 mm. 1988 2474 cubic meters of water per capita in China, only 1/4 of the population all over the world, now reduced to 2300 cubic meters. Hen daily water intake to about 1.5~2 times, so when you 据 二、判断题(对的划Ö，错的划?) 1、Ö 2、? 3、Ö 4、Ö 5、? 6、? 7、Ö 8、? 9、Ö 10、Ö 11、? 12、? 13、Ö 14、? 15、Ö 16、? 17、? 18、? 19、Ö 20、? 21、? 22、? 23、Ö 24、Ö 25、? 三、选择题 1、B 2、A 3、D 4、D 5、D 6、C 7、B 8、B 9、D 10、A 四、简答题 1、地面上高程相等的相邻各点连成的闭合曲线称为等高线。(1分) 2、根据视距读数、中丝读数及竖直角计算测站与测点之间水平距离和高差的测量方法称为视距测量。或:用望远镜内视距丝装置，根据几何光学原理可同时测定两点间水平距离和高差的测量方法。(2分) 3、线路复测: (1) 线路中线是施工的平面控制系统，也是路基的主线，在施工时必须保持定测时的位置，在施工前须进行一次中线复测，并把定测时的中想恢复出来(1.5分) (2) 同时检查定测资料的可靠性，这项工作称为线路复测(1分) 4、隧道贯通测量: (1)在隧道施工中，两个相邻掘进面按设计要求在预定的地点彼此贯通，称为隧道贯通(1.5分) (2)为隧道的贯通而进行的所有相关测量工作，称为隧道贯通测量(1分) 5、简述直线隧道进洞测量的过程，并画出示意图: quality egg, chicken, ... Development of poultry industry will occupy a certain area of land, there is a modern product with comprehensive rollup of 50,000 chickens laying hens, covers an area of 14.87 hectares (233 acres) more (including Office of hatching, brood rearing, and laying House, eggs, feed processing workshop, Office, etc). The poultry industry should work in land conservation, not accounted for or less cultivated land, wasteland, the principle of slope land. When the chicken farm should generally not available to local arable land area to determine an appropriate level of breeding size and not, as in the past, first determine the size, then go to the expropriation. 3. energy-saving, water-saving awareness in the 1970 of the 20th century, the pig and chicken farm mechanization in our country forward under the slogan, the country started building a modern large chicken farms in the climax. Was built as the fully enclosed intensive chicken farms, using artificial light, mechanical feeding and mandatory ventilation, a small number of chicken farms also use mechanical sets eggs and manure. According to statistics, fully enclosed chicken coop per chicken when the annual electricity consumption of 10-kilowatt •, half opened the henhouse when • 2~5 kW (open), when the entire opening is 0.5 kW •, rolling open sheds at 0.45 kW •. Hen house types, power consumption difference is very big, a difference of 10~20. China's energy supply is in short supply. Therefore, in determining the breeding, poultry equipment selection should take full consideration of energy saving issues. Lack of fresh water resources in China, the average annual precipitation is 600 mm. 1988 2474 cubic meters of water per capita in China, only 1/4 of the population all over the world, now reduced to 2300 cubic meters. Hen daily water intake to about 1.5~2 times, so when you (1)如图(0.5分) (2)A、D两点为隧道洞口投点，位于线路中线上，以AD为坐标纵轴，根据洞外控制点A、B和C、D点的坐标反算，分别计算放样角和放样距离(1分) (3)放样时，仪器分别安置在A点，后视B点，安置在D点，后视C点，相应地拨角和测距，就得到洞口的进洞方向(1分) 6、简述涵洞施工放样的步骤: (1) 在涵洞放线时，首先要放出涵洞的轴线位置(1分) (2)据设计给出的涵洞所在里程，放出涵洞轴线与线路中线的交点(1分) (3)根据涵洞的轴线与线路中线所构成的夹角，放出涵洞的方向(0.5分) 7、答:程序:第一步为控制测量;第二步为碎部测量。(1.5分) 原则:“从整体到局部”、“先控制后碎部”。(1.5分) 8、答:1)有限性:偶然误差的绝对值不会超过一定的限值; 2)集中性:绝对值小的误差比绝对值大的误差出现的机会高; 3)对称性:绝对值相等的正负误差出现的机会差不多; 4)抵偿性:偶然误差的算术平均值随观测次数的无限增多而趋向于零。(每答对一个给1分) 五、综合题 1、(10分，每空0.5分，评定精度3分) 2、(10分)解:1)缓和曲线的偏角是: i0=1/3β0=2?17′30″/3=0?45′50″ (1分) i1=i0/4=0?02′51.9″ (1分) i2=22×i1=0?11′27.5″ (1分) quality egg, chicken, ... Development of poultry industry will occupy a certain area of land, there is a modern product with comprehensive rollup of 50,000 chickens laying hens, covers an area of 14.87 hectares (233 acres) more (including Office of hatching, brood rearing, and laying House, eggs, feed processing workshop, Office, etc). The poultry industry should work in land conservation, not accounted for or less cultivated land, wasteland, the principle of slope land. When the chicken farm should generally not available to local arable land area to determine an appropriate level of breeding size and not, as in the past, first determine the size, then go to the expropriation. 3. energy-saving, water-saving awareness in the 1970 of the 20th century, the pig and chicken farm mechanization in our country forward under the slogan, the country started building a modern large chicken farms in the climax. Was built as the fully enclosed intensive chicken farms, using artificial light, mechanical feeding and mandatory ventilation, a small number of chicken farms also use mechanical sets eggs and manure. According to statistics, fully enclosed chicken coop per chicken when the annual electricity consumption of 10-kilowatt •, half opened the henhouse when • 2~5 kW (open), when the entire opening is 0.5 kW •, rolling open sheds at 0.45 kW •. Hen house types, power consumption difference is very big, a difference of 10~20. China's energy supply is in short supply. Therefore, in determining the breeding, poultry equipment selection should take full consideration of energy saving issues. Lack of fresh water resources in China, the average annual precipitation is 600 mm. 1988 2474 cubic meters of water per capita in China, only 1/4 of the population all over the world, now reduced to 2300 cubic meters. Hen daily water intake to about 1.5~2 times, so when you i3=32×i1=0?25′46.8″ (1分) i4=42×i1=0?45′50″ (1分) 2)操作步骤:?置镜于HY点，后视ZH点;(1分) ?将视线方向水平读数配置成180??2i0(曲线向左转时取“+”，曲线向右转取“-”) (2分) ?松开制动螺旋，水平转动照准部，使水平读数为0?00′00″的视线方向即是HY点的切线方向。 (2分) (二)高级技师 一、填空题(20分) 1、平面位置和高程、地物地貌的形状 2、圆曲线、缓和曲线3、弦切角 4、坐标X、Y和高程H 5、水平、气泡居中 6、平面位置、高程 7、0.3 8、0.2m 9、墩顶构造图 10、项目竣工验收 11、?0.00标高 12、平面位置、高程 13、向内移动 二、名词解释(8分) 1、 在图上不仅表示地物的平面位置，而且用特定的符号表示出地面上高低起伏的地貌状况，这种图称为地形图。 2、 以较高精度测定地面上少数与整体有关点的相对位置，为地形测量和工程施工测量提供依据和精度的工作称为控制测量。 3、图上某线段的长度与地面上相应线段的水平距离之比称为比例尺。 4、在一定的观测条件下，对某量进行N次观测，得一组观测值的真误差，则各个观测值真误差平方的平均值的平方根叫做这组观测值的中误差。 三、判断题(对的划ü，错误的划×，10分) 1(× )2、( V )3、( V )4、( X )5、( X )6、( V ) quality egg, chicken, ... Development of poultry industry will occupy a certain area of land, there is a modern product with comprehensive rollup of 50,000 chickens laying hens, covers an area of 14.87 hectares (233 acres) more (including Office of hatching, brood rearing, and laying House, eggs, feed processing workshop, Office, etc). The poultry industry should work in land conservation, not accounted for or less cultivated land, wasteland, the principle of slope land. When the chicken farm should generally not available to local arable land area to determine an appropriate level of breeding size and not, as in the past, first determine the size, then go to the expropriation. 3. energy-saving, water-saving awareness in the 1970 of the 20th century, the pig and chicken farm mechanization in our country forward under the slogan, the country started building a modern large chicken farms in the climax. Was built as the fully enclosed intensive chicken farms, using artificial light, mechanical feeding and mandatory ventilation, a small number of chicken farms also use mechanical sets eggs and manure. According to statistics, fully enclosed chicken coop per chicken when the annual electricity consumption of 10-kilowatt •, half opened the henhouse when • 2~5 kW (open), when the entire opening is 0.5 kW •, rolling open sheds at 0.45 kW •. Hen house types, power consumption difference is very big, a difference of 10~20. China's energy supply is in short supply. Therefore, in determining the breeding, poultry equipment selection should take full consideration of energy saving issues. Lack of fresh water resources in China, the average annual precipitation is 600 mm. 1988 2474 cubic meters of water per capita in China, only 1/4 of the population all over the world, now reduced to 2300 cubic meters. Hen daily water intake to about 1.5~2 times, so when you 7、( V )8、( V ) 9、( V ) 10、( X ) 四、选择题(20分) 1、( A )2、(B)3、(D) 4、(D) 5、(D) 6、( C ) 7、( C) 8、(A)9、(B) 10、(B) 11、( B ) 12( C ) 13、(A)14、(A)15、( C )16、(ABD)17、( ACD )18、(ABCD)19、(ACD)20、(ABC) 五、论述题(18分) 1、答:一、制定规章:根据讯息工期测量放线方案，制定检查制度、岗位经济责任制，以便调动测量人员实施方案的积极性。(2分) (1)制定检查、控制制度 1)施测前的规章制度;2)施测时的规章制度;3)施测后的规章制度;4)以上三项的自查、互检、专检制度。 (2)制定岗位经济责任制;(3)制定考核制度;(4)质量事故上报制度。 二、方案交底，制度交底:采取层层交底的方式，即方案编制人向班组长交底，班组长向工人交底，做到人人皆知。(2分) (1)方案交底:1)任务交底，2)质量交底，3)技术交底，4)进度交底;(2)制度交底。 三、制定测量作业小组作业。(0.5分) 四、组织质量小组活动。(0.5分) 五、组织人员按制度进行检查、考核。(0.5分) 六、严格按考核结果兑现奖罚。(0.5分) 2、怎样检验S3水准仪的i角误差(简述操作步骤),(6分) quality egg, chicken, ... Development of poultry industry will occupy a certain area of land, there is a modern product with comprehensive rollup of 50,000 chickens laying hens, covers an area of 14.87 hectares (233 acres) more (including Office of hatching, brood rearing, and laying House, eggs, feed processing workshop, Office, etc). The poultry industry should work in land conservation, not accounted for or less cultivated land, wasteland, the principle of slope land. When the chicken farm should generally not available to local arable land area to determine an appropriate level of breeding size and not, as in the past, first determine the size, then go to the expropriation. 3. energy-saving, water-saving awareness in the 1970 of the 20th century, the pig and chicken farm mechanization in our country forward under the slogan, the country started building a modern large chicken farms in the climax. Was built as the fully enclosed intensive chicken farms, using artificial light, mechanical feeding and mandatory ventilation, a small number of chicken farms also use mechanical sets eggs and manure. According to statistics, fully enclosed chicken coop per chicken when the annual electricity consumption of 10-kilowatt •, half opened the henhouse when • 2~5 kW (open), when the entire opening is 0.5 kW •, rolling open sheds at 0.45 kW •. Hen house types, power consumption difference is very big, a difference of 10~20. China's energy supply is in short supply. Therefore, in determining the breeding, poultry equipment selection should take full consideration of energy saving issues. Lack of fresh water resources in China, the average annual precipitation is 600 mm. 1988 2474 cubic meters of water per capita in China, only 1/4 of the population all over the world, now reduced to 2300 cubic meters. Hen daily water intake to about 1.5~2 times, so when you (1) 选一平坦场地，选相距约100m的A、B两点打桩;(2分) (2) 在AB中间置镜测出A、B两尺读数a1、b1，计算出正确高差h1=a1-b1;(2分) (3) 迁站于A(或B)点附近观测两尺读数a2、b2，计算高差h2=a2-b2，若h1=h2，说明无i角误差，否则存在i角误差，当其超限时应进行校正，此时B尺正确读数为b2′=a2-h1; (2分) 3、地形图的主要用途有哪些,(6分) 答:一是确定点的坐标，二是确定点的高程，三是确定直线的方向和水平距离，四是确定地面坡度，五是按限制坡度选定路线，六是绘制断面图，七是确定汇水面积界线，八是计算面积，九是体积计算。 六、计算题(24分) 1、已知BM10~BM11之间为0.8Km，BM10的高程为201.013m，其往返水准测量记录 如下表，试问BM10~BM11的往返闭合差是否在允许范围内，其测量是否合格,如果测量 合格，试计算出BM11的高程。(6分，每项0.5分) 测点 后 视 前 视 高 差 仪器高 高 程 转点 中间点 ， , BM10 3.211 201.013 ZD1 2.014 1.116 2.095 ZD2 2.567 1.010 1.004 ZD3 1.923 0.582 1.985 ZD4 2.707 0.723 1.200 BM11 1.035 1.672 ? 12.422 4.466 7.956 208.969 ?h=?a-?b=12.422-4.466=7.956 BM11 1.352 208.969 ZD1 0.903 2.417 1.065 ZD2 0.305 1.565 0.662 ZD3 1.521 2.701 2.396 ZD4 0.904 2.414 0.893 BM10 3.841 2.937 201.016 ? 4.985 12.938 7.953 ?h=?a-?b=4.985-12.938=-7.953 辅 助 计 算 ?BM10,BM11之间的距离为0.8公里 Fh=?30?0.8=?27mm,fh=7.956-7.953=3mm ?测量成果合格 hBM10BM11=(7.956+7.953)/2=7.954m HBM11=201.013+7.954=208.967m 2、已知一闭合导线如下图，试计算出该闭合导线中2、3、4点的坐标，并验算是否合格。(10分，表格每项0.3分，计算2分) 点 号 观测右角 quality egg, chicken, ... Development of poultry industry will occupy a certain area of land, there is a modern product with comprehensive rollup of 50,000 chickens laying hens, covers an area of 14.87 hectares (233 acres) more (including Office of hatching, brood rearing, and laying House, eggs, feed processing workshop, Office, etc). The poultry industry should work in land conservation, not accounted for or less cultivated land, wasteland, the principle of slope land. When the chicken farm should generally not available to local arable land area to determine an appropriate level of breeding size and not, as in the past, first determine the size, then go to the expropriation. 3. energy-saving, water-saving awareness in the 1970 of the 20th century, the pig and chicken farm mechanization in our country forward under the slogan, the country started building a modern large chicken farms in the climax. Was built as the fully enclosed intensive chicken farms, using artificial light, mechanical feeding and mandatory ventilation, a small number of chicken farms also use mechanical sets eggs and manure. According to statistics, fully enclosed chicken coop per chicken when the annual electricity consumption of 10-kilowatt •, half opened the henhouse when • 2~5 kW (open), when the entire opening is 0.5 kW •, rolling open sheds at 0.45 kW •. Hen house types, power consumption difference is very big, a difference of 10~20. China's energy supply is in short supply. Therefore, in determining the breeding, poultry equipment selection should take full consideration of energy saving issues. Lack of fresh water resources in China, the average annual precipitation is 600 mm. 1988 2474 cubic meters of water per capita in China, only 1/4 of the population all over the world, now reduced to 2300 cubic meters. Hen daily water intake to about 1.5~2 times, so when you ? ′ ″ 改正后右角 ?′″ 坐标方位角 ?′″ 边长 计算坐标增量 改正后坐标增量 坐标 点 号 ?X ?Y ?X ?Y X Y 1 10 89 36 36 89 35 46 200.00 200.00 1 135 23 00 78.16 +1 -55.64 +2 +54.90 -55.63 54.92 2 12 89 33 54 89 34 06 144.31 254.92 2 225 48 54 129.34 +2 -90.15 +3 -92.75 -90.13 -92.72 3 10 73 00 18 73 00 28 54.24 162.20 3 332 48 26 80.18 +1 +71.32 +2 -36.64 71.33 36.62 4 10 10748 30 107 48 40 125.57 125.58 4 44 59 46 105.22 +2 +74.41 +2 74.40 74.43 74.42 1 200.00 200.00 1 392.90 -0.06 -0.09 0 0 ? 359 59 18 360 00 00 ?β测=359?59 ′18 ″ ?×=-0.06 ?y=-0.09 ?β理=(4-2)×180?=360? ?=??×2+?y2 ?0.11 ?β=-42 ″ K=0.11/392.90?1/3500,1/2000 ?β(允)=?30?4=?60 ″ 合格 quality egg, chicken, ... Development of poultry industry will occupy a certain area of land, there is a modern product with comprehensive rollup of 50,000 chickens laying hens, covers an area of 14.87 hectares (233 acres) more (including Office of hatching, brood rearing, and laying House, eggs, feed processing workshop, Office, etc). The poultry industry should work in land conservation, not accounted for or less cultivated land, wasteland, the principle of slope land. When the chicken farm should generally not available to local arable land area to determine an appropriate level of breeding size and not, as in the past, first determine the size, then go to the expropriation. 3. energy-saving, water-saving awareness in the 1970 of the 20th century, the pig and chicken farm mechanization in our country forward under the slogan, the country started building a modern large chicken farms in the climax. Was built as the fully enclosed intensive chicken farms, using artificial light, mechanical feeding and mandatory ventilation, a small number of chicken farms also use mechanical sets eggs and manure. According to statistics, fully enclosed chicken coop per chicken when the annual electricity consumption of 10-kilowatt •, half opened the henhouse when • 2~5 kW (open), when the entire opening is 0.5 kW •, rolling open sheds at 0.45 kW •. Hen house types, power consumption difference is very big, a difference of 10~20. China's energy supply is in short supply. Therefore, in determining the breeding, poultry equipment selection should take full consideration of energy saving issues. Lack of fresh water resources in China, the average annual precipitation is 600 mm. 1988 2474 cubic meters of water per capita in China, only 1/4 of the population all over the world, now reduced to 2300 cubic meters. Hen daily water intake to about 1.5~2 times, so when you