职称英语复习资料

二、2012年教材新增文章（一）阅读判断1.第七篇：ModerateEarthquakeStrikesEngland2.*第十一篇：ComputerMouse（二）概括大意与完成句子1.第六篇：HowWeFormFirstImpression2.第十篇：WashoeLearnedAmericanSignLanguage（三）阅读理解1.第一篇：TellingTalesaboutPeople2.第八篇：TheChangingMiddleClass3.第十篇：ALetterfromAlan4.第十一篇：TheDevelopmentofBallet5.第十六篇：TheSahara6.*第十七篇：EiffelIsanEyeful（2011年教材中为C级文章）7.*第十八篇：GoalofAmericanEducation（2011年教材中为C级文章）8.*第十九篇：TheFamily9.*第二十篇：TalesoftheTerriblePast10.*第二十一篇：SpacinginAnimals（2011年教材中为C级文章）11.*第二十二篇：SomeThingsWeKnowaboutLanguage（2011年教材中为C级文章）12.*第二十三篇：TheOnlyWayIsUp（2011年教材中为C级文章）13.*第二十四篇：CloneFarm（2011年教材中为C级文章）14.*第二十五篇：Income（2011年教材中为C级文章）15.*第二十六篇：SeeingtheWorldCenturiesAgo16.*第二十七篇：ImportanceofServices（2011年教材中为C级文章）17.*第二十八篇：TheNationalParkService（2011年教材中为C级文章）18.*第二十九篇：FindYourselfPackingItOn?BlameFriends（2011年教材中为C级文章）19.*第三十篇："Lucky"LordLucan-AliveorDead20.*第三十三篇：OseolaMcCarty21.+第三十四篇：ToHaveandHaveNot22.+第三十五篇：GoingHerOwnWay23.+第三十六篇：ATaleofScottishRuralLife（2011年教材中为B级文章）24.+第三十七篇：PopMusicinAfrica25.+第三十八篇：WhySoManyChildren26.+第三十九篇：EattoLive（2011年教材中为B级文章）27.+第四十篇：NarrowEscape（2011年教材中为B级文章）28.+第四十七篇：NarrowEscape（四）补全短文1.第九篇：HeatIsKiller2.*第十一篇：VirtualDriver（五）完形填空1.第一篇：ALifewithBirds2.第二篇：SLuckyBreak3.第三篇：GlobalWarming4.第四篇：ASuccessStory5.第五篇：TrafficinOurCities6*.第六篇：TeachingandLearning7.*第七篇：TheDifferencebetweenManandComputer8.*第八篇：LookonTheBrightSide9.*第九篇：TheFirstBicycle10.*第十篇：WorkingMothers11.+第十一篇：SchoolLunch12.+第十二篇：APowerfulInfluence13.+第十三篇：TheOldGate14.+第十四篇：FamilyHistory15.+第十五篇：HelenandMartinTellingTalesaboutPeople　　Oneofthemostcommontypesofnonfiction,andonethatmanypeopleenjoyreading,isstoriesaboutpeople'slives.Thesestoriesfallintothreegeneralcategories:autobiography,memoir,andbiography.　　Anautobiographyisthestoryofaperson'slifewrittenbyhimselforherself.Oftenitbeginswiththeperson'searliestrecollectionsandendsinthepresent.Autobiographywritersmaynotbeentirelyobjectiveinthewaytheypresentthemselves.However,theyofferthereaderagoodlookatthewaytheyareandwhatmakesthemthatway.PeopleasdiverseasBenjarminFranklinandHelenKellerhavewrittenautobiographies.1Otherwriters,suchasJamesJoyce，havewrittenthinlyfictionalizedaccountsoftheirlives.Thesearenotautobiographies，buttheyareveryclosetoit.　　Memoirs,strictlyspeaking,areautobiographicalaccountsthatfocusasmuchontheeventsofthetimesasonthelifeoftheauthor.2Memoirwriterstypicallyusetheseeventsasbackdropsfortheirlives.Theydescribethemindetailanddiscusstheirimportance.Recently，though，thetermmemoirseemstobebecominginterchangeab1ewithautobiography.Amemoirnowadaysmayormaynotdealwiththeoutsideworld.　　Biographiesarefactualaccountsofsomeoneelse'slife.Inmanysenses，thesemaybethehardestofthethreetypestowrite.Autobiographywritersknowtheeventstheywriteaboutbecausetheylivedthem.Butbiographywritershavetogatherinformationfromasmanydifferentsourcesaspossible.Thentheyhavetodecidewhichfactstoinclude.Theirgoalistopresentabalancedpictureofaperson，notonethatisoverlypositiveortoocritical.Afairwell-presentedbiographymaytakeyearstoresearchandwrite.　　词汇：　　backdrop/'bk,dr?p/n.背景interchangeable/int?'t?end??bl/adj.可转换的　　注释：　　1.PeopleasdiverseasBenjaminFranklinandHelenKellerhavewrittenautobiographies.就像本杰明富兰克林和海伦凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。　　2.Memoirs，strictlyspeaking，areautobiographicalaccountsthatfocusasmuchontheeventsofthetimesasonthelifeoftheauthor.严格意义上来讲，回忆录是既注重作者本身的生活经历，也注重其所处的时代所发生的事件的自传性的描述。　　练习：　　1.Thispassageismostlyabout_______.　　A.thecharacteristicsofautobiographies，memoirs，andbiographies　　B.famousautobiographies　　C.whybiographycanbedifficulttowrite　　D.differencesbetweenautobiographiesandmemoirs　　2.HelenKellerwrote________.　　A.amemoir　　B.anautobiography　　C.aworkoffiction　　D.abiography　　3.Autobiographywritersarenotalwaysobjectivebecausethey________.　　A.feeltheyhavetomakeupdetailstomaketheirbookssell　　B.constantlycompetewithbiographywriters　　C.wanttopresentthemselvesinagoodlight　　D.havetroublerememberingthegoodtimes　　4.Thewriterintroduceseachcategoryinthepassageby________.　　A.definingit　　B.givinganexample　　C.explainingwhyitishardtowrite　　D.tellingwhenpeoplefirstbeganwritingit　　5.Diversemeans________.　　A.abletoswimindeepwater　　B.similaroralike　　C.variedordifferent　　D.enjoyingpoetry　　答案与题解：　　1.A本题问的是：这篇文章主要是关于？文章第一句说到最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一就是一些来描述人们生活的故事，这些故事大致分为三类：自传　　回忆录和传记。然后通篇对这三种类型进行了介绍，因此A是正确答案。　　2.B本题问的是：海伦凯勒谢了什么？第二段第5句话写到：就像本明杰富兰克林和海伦凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。因此B是正确答案。　　3.C本题问的是：自传作者通常不太客观，因为他们？第二段提到：他们给读者提供了一个途径来了解自己比较好的行事风格……，因此答案是C，他们想展示自己好的一面。　　4.A本题问的是：本文的作者通过何种方式介绍每种类型的非小说文学作品？答案是A，通过给每个类型进行定义。　　5.C本题问的是：diverse的意思是？其汉语意思为“多种多样的”，因此C正确。TheChangingMiddleClass　　TheUnitedStatesperceivesitselftobeamiddle-classnation.However，middleclassisnotarealdesignation，nordoesitcarryprivileges.1Itismoreofaperception，whichprobablywasastrueasitevercouldberightafterWorldWarII.Theeconomywasgrowing，moreandmorepeopleownedtheirownhomes，workershadsolidcontractswiththecompaniesthatemployedthem，andnearlyeveryonewhowantedahighereducationcouldhaveone.Successfulpeopleenjoyedupwardsocialmobility.Theymayhavestartedoutpoor，buttheycouldbecomerich.Successfulpeoplealsofoundthattheyhadgreatergeographicmobility.Inotherwords，theyfoundthemselvesmovingtoandlivinginavarietyofplaces.　　Themiddleclasscollectivelyholdsseveralvaluesandprinciples.Onestrongvalueistheneedtoearnenoughmoneytofeelthatonecandetermineone'sowneconomicfate.Inaddition，middleclassmoralityembracesprinciplesofindividualresponsibility，importanceoffamily,obligationstoothers，andbelievinginsomethingoutsideoneself.2　　Butinthe1990sthoseinthemiddleclassfoundthattherewasapriceforsuccess.AU.S.News&WorldReportsurveyin1994indicatedthat75percentofAmericansbelievedthatmiddleclassfamiliescouldnolongermakeendsmeet3.Bothspousesnowworked，asdidsomeofthechildren;longcommutesbecameroutine;theneedforchildcareputstrainson4thefamily;andpublicschoolswerenotasgoodastheyoncewere.MembersofthemiddlecIasswerenolongerfinancingtheirlifestylesthroughearningsbutwereusingcredittostayafloat.Theunderstandingofjustwhatmiddleclassmeantwaschanging.　　词汇：　　designation/dezig'nei??n/n.称号commute/k?'mju:t/n.上下班路程　　mobility/m?u'bil?ti/n.流动性　　注释：　　1.However，middlec1assisnotarealdesignation，nordoesitcarryprivileges.然而，中产阶级既不是一个真实的称号，也不会带来特别待遇。　　2.Inaddition，middle-c1assmoralityembracesprinciplesofindividualresponsibility，importanceoffamily，obligationstoothers，andbelievinginsomethingoutsideonesèlf.另外，中产阶级的道德观包括个人的责任感、家庭的重要性、对他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物。　　3.makeendsmeet：收支相抵，维持生活　　4.putstrainson：带来压力　　练习：　　1.Theinformationinthispassagedealswith_______.　　A)anindividual　　B)asocialandeconomicgroup　　C)apoliticalorganization　　D)government　　2.Acommonmiddleclassvalueisthat________.　　A)peopleshouldalwayshavefun　　B)childrenshouldbeseenandnotheard　　C)debtisnothingtoworryabout　　D)thefamilyisveryimportant　　3.lntheyearsafterWorldWarII，themiddleclasscouldbedefinedas_______.　　A)overburdenedandindebt　　B)hardworkingandsuspicious　　C)prosperousandoptimistic　　D)youngandfoolish　　4.Thephrase“Inotherwords"inthefirstparagraphmeansthatthefollowingstatementis_____.　　A)anexceptiontothepreviousidea　　B)adenialofthepreviousidea　　C)arestatementofthepreviousidea　　D)acontrastingidea　　5.Thewordcollectivelymeans______.　　A)asagroup　　B)hesitatingly　　C)unknowingly　　D)weakly　　答案与题解：　　1.B本题的问题是：本文的信息是关于？本文通篇讲述美国的中产阶级，指的是社会和经济群体，因此选择B。　　2.D本题的问题是：一个普遍的中产阶级价值观是？本篇第二段最后一句话讲到，“中产阶级的道德观包括个人的责任感、家庭的重要性、对他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物”。A、B、C三个选项不包括在内，因此正确答案是D。　　3.C本题的问题是：在二战之后的几年，中产阶级可以被定义为，本篇第一段提到了当时美国经济不断增长并且人们生活水平有了提高，因此选择C选项，繁荣并且乐观。　　4.C本题的问题是：第一段中的"lnotherwords"这个短语与下列说法一致的是，"Inotherwords"5.A本题的问题是：单词"collectively"的汉语意思是“相同地”，选择A。汉语意思是换句话来说，因此正确答案是C。ALetterfromAlan　　IhavelearntofaplantobuildthreehundredhousesonthelandcalledParson'sPlacebythefootballground.Fewpeopleknowaboutthisnewplantoincreasethesizeofourtown.Forme，Parson'sPlaceisspecialbecauseitisabeautifulnaturalareawherelocalpeoplecanrelax-thesmallwoodhasmanyunusualtreesandthestreamispopularwithfishermenandbird-watchers.It'sveryquietbecausetherearefewhousesorroadsnearby.Ithinkthatlosingthisareawillbeterriblebecausewehavenoothersimilarfacilitiesintheneighbourhood.　　Iamalsoagainstthisplanbecauseitwillcausetrafficproblems.Howwillthepeoplefromthenewhousestraveltowork?Themotorwayandtherailwaystationareontheothersideoftown.　　Therefore，thesepeoplewillhavetodrivethroughthetowncentreeverytimetheygoanywhere.　　Theroadswillalwaysbefulloftraffic，therewillbenowheretoparkandthetouristswhocometoseeourlovelyoldbuildingswillleave.Shopsandhotelswilllosebusiness.Ifthetownreallyneedsmorehomes，theemptygroundbesidetherailwaystationisamoresuitableplace.　　Nodoubtthebuilderswillmakealotofmoneybysellingthesehouses.But，inmyopinion，theaveragepersonwillquicklybemadepoorerbythisplan.Aswellasthis，wewillloseavery　　specialplaceandourtownwillbemuchlesspleasant.　　IamgoingtothelocalgovernmentofficesonMondaymorningtoprotestaboutthisplanandIhopethatyourreaderswilljoinmethere.Wemustmakethemstopthisplanbeforeitistoolate.　　词汇:　　facility/f?’sil?ti/n.场所，设施protest/pr?u’test/v.抗议　　motorway/‘m?ut?wei/n.高速公路　　注释:　　1.Forme，Parson'sPlaceisspecialbecauseitisabeautifulnaturalareawherelocalpeoplecan　　relax—thesmallwoodhasmanyunusualtreesandthestreamispopularwithfishermenandbird-watchers.对我来说，帕森场是非常特别的，因为它是一个美丽的天然场地并且当地人可以在此放松休息。这片小树林里有许多独特的树木并且这里的小溪受到了渔夫和野鸟观察者的欢迎。　　2.Theroadswillalwaysbefulloftraffic，therewillbenowheretoparkandthetouristswhocometoseeourlovelyoldbuildingswillleave.公路上将总是有很多车辆，却没有地方停车，并且来参观我们这儿可爱的老式建筑物的观光者将会离开这里。　　3.Aswellasthis，wewillloseaveryspecialplaceandourtownwillbemuchlesspleasant.不但　　如此，我们将失去一个非常特别的地方并且我们的城镇将会失去很多快乐。　　练习:　　1.WhyhasAlanwrittenthisletter?　　A)Topersuadethegovernmenttobuildnewhouses.　　B)Toprotestaboutanewmotorwaynearthetown.　　C)ToencouragemorepeopleinthetowntouseParson'sPlace.　　D)Toinformotherpeopleaboutthebuilders'plans.　　2.WhyisParson'sPlaceparticularlyimportant，inAlan'sopinion?　　A)Becauseitisnearthefootballground.　　B)Becauselotsofpeoplelivenearit.　　C)Becauseitisaplacenearthetownwherepeoplecanenjoynature.　　D)Becauselocalpeoplecangetthereeasilybycarfromthetown.　　3.Whatwillcausetrafficjams?　　A)AbuildingonParson'sPlace.　　B)Buildingneartherailwaystation.　　C)Touristsinthenarrowstreets.　　D)Peoplegoingtotheshopsandhotels.　　4.Alansaysthatordinarypeoplewholiveinthetownwillprobablysoon_____.　　A)opennewshopsandhotels　　B)choosetolivenearthestation　　C)beabletobuynewhomes　　D)havelessmoney　　5.WhichofthesepostershasAlanmade?　　A)SAVEOURSPORTSGROUND　　B)SAYNOTOHOUSESONPARSON'SPLACE　　C)WENEEDHOMESNOTHOTELS　　D)USETHETRAINNOTTHEROAD　　答案与题解:　　1.D本题问的是:为什么Alan写这封信?A、B、C选项在文中没有提到，D选项的意思是让其他人了解建筑商的计划，因此D是正确答案。　　2.C本题问的是:在Alan看来，为什么帕森场非常重要?第一段中提到“因为它是一个美丽的天然场地并且当地人可以在此放松休息”。因此C是正确答案。　　3.A本题问的是:什么将会引起交通堵塞?第二段提到了，如果按照建筑商的计划，那么“公路上将总是有很多车辆，却没有地方来停车”。因此选择A。　　4.D本题问的是:Alan说住在城镇的人们将来可能会，本文第三段提到“每个人将会因这个计划的实施而快速地变穷"。因此选择D。　　5.B本题问的是:以下哪个是Alan制作的海报?Alan在本文中一直在说抵制建筑商在帕森场上建造房屋的计划，因此选择B，对帕森场上的房屋说不。TheDevelopmentofBalletBalletisadanceformthathasalonghistory.Thefactthatitsurvivestothisdayshowsthatithasadjustedastimeshavechanged.BalletbeganintheroyalcourtsduringtheRenaissance.Atthattimeitbecamecommonforkingsandqueens，aswellasothernobility，toparticipateinpageantsthatincludedmusic，poetry，anddance.AstheseentertainmentsmovedfromtheItaliancourtstotheFrenchones，courtladiesbeganparticipatinginthem.Thoughtheirlongdressespreventedmuchmovement，theywereabletoperformelaboratewalkingpatterns.Itwasnotuntilthe1600sthatwomendancersshortenedtheirskirts，changedtoflatshoes，andbegandoingsomeoftheleapsandturnsperformedbymen.Itwasalsointhe1600sthatprofessionalballetbegan.KingLouisXIVofFrance，himselfadevoteddancer，foundedtheRoyalAcademyofDance.Thefivebasicfeetpositionsfromwhichallballetstepsbeginwerefinalized.Inthelate1700sanotherimportantchangeoccurred.Balletbegantotellastoryonitsown.Itwasnolongersimplydancetobeperformedbetweenactsofplays.Elaboratewigsandcostumeswereeliminated.Bytheearly1800sdancerslearnedtoriseontheirtoestomakeitappearthattheywerefloating.ClassicalballetasweknowittodaywasinfluencedprimarilybyRussiandancing.TheRussiansremainedinterestedinballetwhenitdeclinedinotherEuropeancountriesinthemid-1800s.Oneofthemostinfluentialfiguresoftheearly20thcenturywasSergeiDiaghilev.Hisdancecompany，theBalletsRusses，broughtanewenergyandexcitementtoballet.Oneofhischiefassistants，GeorgeBalanchine，wentontofoundtheNewYorkCityBalletin1948andtoinfluencenewgenerationsofdancers.词汇:adjust/?'d??st/v.调整eliminate/i'limineit/v.淘汰pageant/'pæd??nt/n.盛会influential/influ'en??l/adj.有影响力的注释:1.Atthattimeitbecamecommonforkingsandqueens，aswellasothernobility，toparticipateinpageantsthatincludedmusic，poetry，anddance.在那时，芭蕾舞在国王、王后以及贵族之间变得普遍，并且与音乐、诗歌以及舞蹈一起参与到盛会的表演。2.Itwasnotuntilthe1600sthatwomendancersshortenedtheirskirts，changedtoflatshoes，andbegandoingsomeoftheleapsandturnsperformedbymen.直到17世纪女舞者缩短了她们的裙子，改穿平底鞋，并且通过男舞者的帮助开始做一些跳跃和转圈动作。3.Thefivebasicfeetpositionsfromwhichallballetstepsbeginwerefinalized.由此正式确定了脚的5个基本位置，这5个外开的位置成为发展芭蕾舞技术的基础。练习:1.Thispassagedealsmainlywith_____.A)famousnamesinballetB)FrenchversusRussianballetC)thewayballetdevelopedD)whyballetisnolongerpopular2.Animportantinfluenceinearlyballetwas_____.A)BalanchineB)MarieAntoinetteC)DiaghilevD)LouisXIV3.Youcanconcludefromthispassagethatballet_____.A)isadyingartB)willcontinuetochangeasnewpeopleandideasinfluenceitC)isonlycurrentlyperformedinRussiaandtheUnitedStatesD)isoftenperformedbydancerswithlittletraining4.Theinformationinthispassageispresented_____.A)throughthestoryofonedancerB)bydescribingvariouspositionsandstepsC)bylistingreasonswhyballethassucceededD)inchronologicalorder5.Thewordpageantsmeans_____.A)dancesB)instructorsC)kingsD)elaborateshows答案与题解:1.C本题问的是:这篇文章主要讲述的是，A、B、D选项都是文章的一部分，而本文主要讲的就是芭蕾舞的发展，因此C是正确答案。2.D本题问的是:对于早期芭蕾舞最重要的影响是，本文第三段提到“在17世纪，专业的芭蕾舞蹈团应运而生”“法国国王路易十四建立了皇家舞蹈学院”，因此D是正确答案。3.B本题问的是:从这篇文章你可以总结出芭蕾，A、C、D选项在文中没有提到，结合本文最后一段可以看出B选项是正确的，芭蕾将随着新的人物和新的想法而改变。4.D本题问的是:本文的信息是通过何种方式介绍的。本文从芭蕾舞的起源开始一直介绍到芭蕾舞的现况，因此选择D，按照时间前后的顺序。5.D本题问的是:单词pageant的汉语意思是什么，正确答案是D，盛大的表演。TheSahara　　ThenameSaharaderivesfromtheArabicwordfor"desert"or"steppe".At3.5millionsquaremiles，anarearoughlythesizeoftheUnitedStates，theSaharaDesertinnorthernAfricaisthelargestdesertintheworld.ltspansthecontinentfromtheAtlanticOceantotheRedSea.Daytimetemperaturescanreachashighas130°F.Thehumiditysometimesgetsintotheteens.Butitcanalsobeaslowas2.5percent，thelowestintheworld.MostoftheSaharareceiveslessthanfiveinchesofrainperyear，whilelargeareassometimeshavenorainfallatallforyears.　　AttheheartoftheSaharaisthelandlockednorthAfricancountryofNiger.Herethesand　　dunescanbe100feettallandseveralmileslong.HeresandplainsstretchoveranarealargerthanGermanywherethereisneitherwaternortowns.YetsittinginthemidstofthesurroundingdesertisthetownofBilma.SuddenlytherearepoolsofcIearwater.Surprisingly，therearegrovesofdatepalms.Undergroundwaterresources，oroases，sufficienttosupportirrigatedagriculturearefoundindrystreambedsanddepressions.Irrigationditchesrunoffacreektowaterfields.Corn，cassava，tea，peanuts，hotpeppers，andorange，lime，andgrapefruittreesgrowinthesefields.Donkeysandgoatsgrazeongreengrass.　　TheSaharaofNigerisstillaregionwhereyoucanseeacamelcaravanof500camelstiedtogetherinlooselinesaslongasamile，travelingtowardsuchoasistowns.Thereacaravanwillcollectlife-sustainingsalt，whichisminedfromwaterybasins，andtransportitupto400milesbacktosettlementsontheedgesofthedesert.Theroundtripacrossthevastsandstakesonemonth.　　词汇:　　Humidity/hju'mId?tl/n.湿度irrigate/'lrlgelt/v.灌溉　　stretch/stret?/v.伸展camel/'km?l/n.骆驼　　datepalmsn.椰枣树　　注释:　　1.Undergroundwaterresources，oroases，sufficienttosupportirrigatedagriculturearefoundindrystreambedsanddepressions.在干河床和洼地处可找到充足的地下水资源或者绿洲来支持灌溉农业。　　2.Irrigationditchesrunoffacreektowaterfields.灌溉沟渠通过一条小溪到达水田中。　　3.Donkeysandgoatsgrazeongreengrass.青草上放养着驴和山羊。　　练习:　　1.Thispassageismostlyabout_______.　　A)lifeintheSahara　　B)thedesertsofAfrica　　C)Bilma　　D)howcamelstravelinthedesert　　2.RainfallinmostoftheSaharais_______.　　A)lessthanfiveinchesperyear　　B)lessthanteninchesperyear　　C)lessthantwentyinchesperyear　　D)zero　　3.TheSaharacanbedescribedas_______.　　A)aplaceofcontrasts　　B)aplacewherenooneIives　　C)anareawherethewintersarecold　　D)anareathatappealstomanytourists　　4.Thephrase"anarearoughlythesizeoftheUnitedStates"givesanindicationofthesizeof_______.　　A)northernAfrica　　B)Niger　　C)theSahara　　D)allofAfrica　　5.Inthispassagecaravanmeans_______.　　A)travelingcircus　　B)grouptravelingtogetherthroughdifficultcountry　　C)railroadtrain　　D)asmall，fastsailingship　　答案与题解:　　1.A本题问的是:这篇文章主要讲了什么?根据文段，本文主要介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的地理概况，城镇的农业，以及城镇之间的日常来往。B选项范围过宽。C选项不全面，文章不止介绍了比尔马的情况。D选项文中没有具体介绍。所以A是对的。　　2.A本题问的是:在撒哈拉的绝大多数地区，降雨情况如何?根据第一段的最后一句话，撒哈拉的绝大多数地区每年降雨量低于5英寸。所以A正确。　　3.A本题问的是:撒哈拉沙漠可以被描述成什么?A的意思是，一个具有强烈对比的地方。B的意思是杳无人烟的地方。C的意思是冬天很冷的地区。D的意思是吸引很多游客的地方。B，C，D均不符合文意，因此A正确。　　4.C本题问的是:句子“大约和美国大小相当的地区”指明的是什么地方的大小?根据第一段的第二句话可知，本句的主语是撒哈拉沙漠。因此C正确。　　5.B本题问的是:文中“caravan”的意思是什么?A的意思是旅行马戏团。C是火车。D是又小又快的帆船。根据文中的介绍，穿过沙漠的驼队由上百只骆驼组成，来到绿洲城镇收集盐，因此B选项“一群人一起穿过条件恶劣的国家”是正确TheFamily　　Thestructureofafamilytakesdifferentformsaroundtheworldandeveninthesamesociety.Thefamily'sformchangesasitadaptstochangingsocialandeconomicinfluences.Untilrecently,themostcommonforminNorthAmericawasthenuclearfamily，consistingofamarriedcouplewiththeirminorchildren.Thenuclearfamilyisanindependentunit.Itmustbepreparedtofendforitself.Individualfamilymembersstronglydependononeanother.Thereislittlehelpfromoutsidethefamilyinemergencies.Elderlyrelativesofanuclearfamilyarecaredforonlyifitispossibleforthefamilytodoso.InNorthAmerica，theelderlyoftendonotlivewiththefamily;theyliveinretirementcommunitiesandnursinghomes.　　Therearemanyparallelsbetweenthenuclearfamilyinindustrialsocieties，suchasNorth　　America，andoffamiliesinsocietiessuchasthatoftheInuits，wholiveinharshenvironments.Thenuclearfamilystructureiswelladaptedtoalifeofmobility.Inharshconditions，mobilityallowsthefamilytohuntforfood.ForNorthAmericans，thehuntforjobsandimprovedsocialstatusalsorequiresmobility.　　ThenuclearfamilywasnotalwaystheNorthAmericanstandard.Inamoreagrariantime，thesmallnuclearfamilywasusuallypartofalargerextendedfamily.Thismighthaveincludedgrandparents，motherandfather，brothersandsisters，uncles，aunts，andcousins.InNorthAmericatoday，thereisadramaticriseinthenumberofsingle-parenthouseholds.TwiceasmanyhouseholdsintheUnitedStatesareheadedbydivorced，separated，ornever-marriedindividualsasarecomprisedofnuclearfamilies.Thestructureofthefamily，notjustinNorthAmerica,butthroughouttheworld，continuestochangeasitadaptstochangingconditions.　　词汇:　　nuclear/'nju:kh/adj.原子核的，中心的harsh/ha:?/n.严酷的　　emergency/I'm?:d??nsI/n.紧急状况agranan/?'gre?rl?n/adj.土地的，耕地的　　注释:　　1.ltmustbepreparedtofendforitself.它必须能够照料自己。　　2.InNorthAmerica，theelderlyoftendonotlivewiththefamily;theyliveinretirementcommunitiesandnursinghomes.在北美洲，老人很少和家人一起生活;他们一般住在退休社　　区和养老机构。　　3.Inharshconditions，mobilityallowsthefamilytohuntforfood.:在恶劣的条件下，流动性能让一个家庭吃饱饭。　　练习:　　1.Anothergoodtitleforthispassagewouldbe_____.　　A)WhatMakesaFamily?　　B)TheLifeoftheInuits.　　C)LivingwithHardship.　　D)TheFailureoftheNuclearFamily.　　2.Anuclearfamilyisdefinedas_____.　　A)amarriedcouplewiththeirminorchildren　　B)asinglefatherwith，minorchildren　　C)parents，grandparents，andchildren　　D)parents，children，andauntsanduncles　　3.Theinformationinthispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin_____.　　A)ananthropologytextbook　　B)abiologytextbook　　C)amathematicstextbook　　D)ageographytextbook　　4.Theinformationinthefirstparagraphispresentedmainlythrough_____.　　A)listingstatistics　　B)tellingastory　　C)pointingoutsimilarities　　D)pointingoutdifferences　　5.Thewordmobilitymeans_____.　　A)money　　B)readinesstomove　　C)organization　　D)skill　　答案与题解:　　1.A本题问的是:这篇文章的题目还可以是什么?A的意思是是什么构成了一个家。B的意思是因纽特人的生活。C的意思是生