美国保持世界科技领先地位中国进步明显

美国保持世界科技领先地位 中国进步明显 　　The U.S. remains the world's science and technology leader, but other countries are gaining ground, the National Science Board said Friday in its biennial report on science and engineering. 　　美国国家科学基金会理事会周五在其两年一次的科学与工程报告中指出，美国保持了世界科技领先地位，但其他国家正在进步。 　　The U.S. accounted for nearly a third of $1.1 trillion spent on research and development globally in 2007, minted more science and engineering doctorates than any other country, and led the world in innovative activity. Efforts by China and other developing Asian countries to boost their science and engineering capabilities are bearing fruit, however, and the gap between them and the U.S., though still wide, is narrowing. 　　2007年全球研发支出共1.1万亿美元，其中美国占近三分之一。美国培养的科学与工程博士人数居世界首位，创新活动领跑全球。但中国及其它发展中亚洲国家在促进其科学与工程能力方面收获颇丰，与美国的差距尽管仍然很大，但正逐渐缩小。 　　For the 10 years ending in 2007, the most recent year for which the data were available, spending on research and development grew between 5% and 6% annually in the U.S., Japan and the European Union. Similar spending in India, South Korea and Taiwan grew an average 9% to 10% a year over the same period. In China, it averaged more than 20%. 　　根据能够得到的最新数据，1998-2007年间，美国、日本和欧盟的研发支出年增长率介于5%到6%之间，印度、韩国和台湾平均为9%到10%，而中国平均超过20%。 　　The U.S. awarded 22,500 doctorates in natural sciences and engineering in 2007, but more than half of them were awarded to foreign nationals. Past experience suggests that rather than return to their native countries, many of those new Ph.D.s will stay in the U.S. 　　2007年，美国在自然科学和工程领域一共向22,500人授予了博士学位，其中一半以上是外国人。过去经验表明，这些人绝大多数会留在美国，而不是回到他们的祖国。 　　The report noted that 60% of temporary visa holders who earned doctorates in science in engineering in 1997 were working in the U.S. in 2007. The National Science Board is the advisory body of the National Science Foundation, an independent U.S. government agency. 　　报告指出，在1997年获得科学与工程博士学位的人中，60%当时持临时签证的人在2007年时仍在美国工作。美国国家科学基金会理事会是美国独立政府机构──国家科学基金会的顾问团。 　　U.S. researchers published about a quarter of an estimated 760,000 research articles in peer-reviewed journals in 2008. Chinese researchers published 8% of the research articles, up from just 1% in 1988. 　　在2008年同行审阅期刊上发表的预计约76万篇研究类文章中，美国研究人员的发表量占了约四分之一，中国研究人员的发表量从1988年的仅为1%上升到8%。 　　Despite China's strides, researchers in China accounted for only about 1% of U.S. patents granted in 2008. Inventive activity in China 'appears elusive, at least as indicated by patents filed in a major Western market,' despite Chinese government efforts, the report noted. 　　尽管中国进步迅速，但中国研究人员的专利量在2008年美国批准的专利中仅占约1%。报告指出，尽管中国政府努力推动，但中国的发明活动量很低，至少在主要西方市场中获得的专利数量微乎其微。 　　U.S.-based inventors accounted for 49% of patents granted, down from 55% in 1995. 　　所批准的专利中，以美国为基地的发明者的专利量占49%，较1995年的55%有所下降。 　　Justin Lahart