高考英语读音规则

高中英语正确发音的知识与技巧(内容全面,例子精典) 1、有关语音的概念 1) 字母：语言的写形式。元音字母a，e，i(y)，o，u 2) 音标：词的语音形式。 3) 音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。 4) 音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap｀ple，stu｀dent，tea｀cher，un｀der｀stand 5) 元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20个元音 6) 辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28个辅音 7) 开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike home due; b) 辅音+元音 he，go，hi 8) 闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad，bed，sit，hot，cup; b)元音+辅音it 9) 重读音节：中发音特别响亮的音节。 2、元音： 1) [i:] sea，he，see，piece，ceiling 2) [i] sit，build，miss，myth 3) [e] bed，desk，head 4) [æ] bad，land，bank，stamp 5) [a:] car，fast，class，plant，calm，aunt 6) [ɔ] hot，want 7) [ɔ:] door，more，sport，ball，warm，author，court，bought，caught 8) [u:] good，who，blue，soup 9) [u] look，put，women，could 10) [Λ] cup，come，blood，rough 11) [ә:] girl，work，serve，nurse 12) [ә] cadre，ago，forget，polite，dollar，doctor，famous，Saturday 13) [ei] cake，they，play，eight，great 14) [ai] bike，die，neither，light，try，find，height，eye 15) [әu] phone，cold，boat，soul，grow 16) [au] house，town 17) [ɔi] boy，oil 18) [iә] dear，idea，deer，here，fierce 19) [εә] pear，care，there，fair 20) [uә] tour，poor 3、容易混淆的元音 1) [e] [æ] bed bad; men，man; pen，pan; lend land 2) [i:] [ei] real rail; greet，great; mean，main; read raid 3) [e] [AI] bet bite; red write; said side，head，hide 4) [au] [ɔ:] house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause 5) [au] [Λ] found fond; gown gone; down don 4、辅音 1) [p] pen 2) [b] bed，comb 3) [t] tell 4) [d]，day，played，wanted 5) [k] cold，sky，quick，school，back，accept，box 6) [g] big，go，guess，language 7) [m] man 8) [n] nine，knife，autumn 9) [η] bank，uncle，English，sing 10) [l] land，world 11) [r] read，write 12) [f] five，cough，laugh 13) [v] voice，of 14) [θ] think 15) [ð] this，bathe 16) [s] sit，miss，science，case，scarf 17) [z] zoo，close 18) [∫] sure，she，social，nation 19) [/] pleasure 20) [h] hot，who，hour 21) [w] wall，what，answer 22) [j] yes 23) [t∫] child，teach，catch 24) [d/] joke，bridge 25) [ts] boats 26) [dz] goods 27) [tr] tree 28) [dr] dream 5、容易混淆的辅音 1) [v] [w] vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well 2) [s] [θ] sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math 3) [z] [ð] closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes 4) [n] [η] thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang 6、读音规则 （1）元音字母在重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 a 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake 在闭音节中 [æ] bag dad hat map black back e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese 在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite 在闭音节中 [i] fish big drink sit milk swim o 在开音节中 [ou] those close go hoe home no 在闭音节中 [ɔ] clock not box shop sock u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 在闭音节中 [Λ] bus cup jump much lunch 在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音，例如：June blue ruler super 特例：vague vogue range paste plague change strange taste waste ache waste scythe opaque这些单词中的th ng gu ch st qu都被看作一个整体，都被看作一个辅音字母，其中的元音字母按开音节规则发音。和以上读音现象不同的词有：tinge[i] many[e] any[e] English[i] pretty[e] policeman[i:] machine[i:] 这两个词源自法语，保留法语发音。 下面的两个词live[i] give[i]保留了古英语的发音。 （2）元音字母在非重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 a [ә] China another woman breakfast [i] orange comrade village cabbage e [ә] hundred student open weekend [i] chicken pocket begin children i [ә]/[i] holiday beautiful family animal [ai] exercise satellite o [ә] second tonight somebody welcome [u] also zero photo u [ɔ] autumn difficult [ju(:)] popular congratulation January 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence February issue 在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[ә]音，也可以读作[i]音。 不符合规则的词：robot n.机器人 alcohol n.酒精 aerosol n.烟，雾 phenol n.酚苯 substrate n.【生化】【半导体】基质;底物 （3）元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 a在[w]音后面 [ɔ] want what watch wash quality a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father i在-nd -ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high o在-st -ld前 [ou] most postcard old cold o在m n v th前 [Λ] come monkey love mother （4）-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 ar ar在[w]音后面 [α:] car farm dark sharpener [ɔ:] warm quarter towards or or在[w]音后面 [ɔ:] forty morning short [ә:] word worker worse er ir st1:place w:st="on">ur [ә:] certainly bird Thursday 辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如： carry sorry hurry -r音节在非重读音节中通常读[ ]音，例如：dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday 例外的词：attorney[ә:] worn[ɔ:] sword[ɔ:] quarrel[ɔ] surround sur-不重读 suppose sup-不重读 collect col-不重读 （5）-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 are [ε] care dare hare ere [i] here mere ire [ai] fire hire wire ore [ɔ:] more score before ure [ju] pure cure are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[ ]音，例如：picture pleasure 重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母Rr读[r]音。 例如：parent zero story during inspiring 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。 例如：orange very American paragraph 不符合规则的词：there[ε] where[ε] cire[sә´rei] sure[∫uә] burial[´beriәl] deteriorate[iә] （6）元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play air [εә] air hair chair pair repair al al在f m前 [ɔ] small ball talk wall all [ɔ:l] always also salt almost [α:] half calm au/aw [ɔ:] autumn daughter draw ea [i:] teach easy cheap please [e] heavy bread sweater weather [ei] break great ear [iә] hear dear near clear year [εә] bear pear wear swear [ә:] earth learn early ee [i:] jeep week green three eer [iә] pioneer deer beer ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they [i:] either key eu/ew在j l r s后 [ju:] new few newspaper [u:] flew brew jewelry ie/ei[s]音之后 [i:] piece field receive oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal oar/oor [ɔ:] roar board door floor oi/oy [ɔi] noise point boy toilet oo [u:] broom food tooth school [u] book look cook foot good ou / ow [au] flower house count down [әu] know row throw though [Λ] young country enough [u:] group you soup our [ɔ:] course your four [au] our hour ours [ә:] journey ui在j l r s后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition [u:] juice fruit suit 不符合规则的词: plaid[æ] because[ɔ:] laugh[α:] ea的另外两种发音 Se´attle这个词中的ea并不是个字母组合，双写辅音字母强调其前面的单个元音字母a是重读音节，而且是个闭音节。 [iә] idea really [/] beautiful either[i:]美语发音 ei发[i:]音的例词很少。 abroad[ɔ:] oasis[ɔ:´eisis] oa并未构成元字组，不在同一音节。 knowledge [´nɔ: li d/ ]长音短化现象 ou/ow的另一种发音[ɔ:]，cough thought （7）非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音 元音字组或字群 读 音 例 词 ai/ay ei/ey [i] Sunday foreign monkey ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow 元音字组在非重读音节中读[ә]音或[i]。例如: neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee -sion -tion [ n] impression nation -sion在元音字母后 [ n] vision decision occasion -tion在s后 [ n] question suggestion -sten [sn] listen -stle [sl] whistle -sure [/ ] pleasure measure -ture [t∫] picture culture （8）非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音 复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。 例如：everyday[ei] handbag[æ] blackboard[ɔ:] 有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。 例如：sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 ＞ Sunday[i] 星期天 holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 ＞ holiday[i] 假日 break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 ＞ breakfast[ә] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[ɔ:] ＞ cupboard[ә] 碗柜 （9）辅字组的读音 辅字组 读 音 例 词 b [b] bike bus bag [/] bomb tomb  c c在e前或在i/y前 [k] cake picture coat music [s] face decide cinema ch [t∫] much chick rich teacher [k] school headache chemistry [∫] machine Chicago -ck [k] cock pocket black knock d [d] doctor bread hand day -dge [d/] bridge fridge dr- [dr] children driver drink f [f] five four breakfast g g在e i/y前 [g] bag gardon go [d/] orange large German gh [f] cough enough [/] light daughter high gu- -gue [g] guess league dialogue guitar [w] language anguish h [h] hot head house hand [/] hour honest j [d/] jeep jar joke join July k [k] kind bike skate make week kn- [n] knife know knock l [l] life milk school tall m [m] monkey come autumn -mn [m] autumn column solemn n n在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note [η] uncle thank hungry -ng [η] morning young wrong p [p] paper plane pig ship pen ph [f] elephant photo telephone q [k] Iraq qu- [kw] quality quite r [r] red rubber ruler s在词首或清辅音前 元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk [z] music husband sc- [sk] scarlet [s] muscle science sh [∫] she fish shirt wash t在通常情况下 在弱读字母ia ie io前 [t] ten letter meet [∫] patient nation tch [t∫] watch th在通常情况下 在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 在词尾-the -ther中 [θ] thin thirty method [ð] the these with than [ð] clothe father weather tr- [tr] tree train country truck v [v] very voice love leave w [w] week win wake sweet wait [/] answer two wh- wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why [h] who whose whole x 在重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise [gz] examle exist exact wr- [r] write y- [j] yes yard yellow young z [z] puzzle zero zoo 不符合规则的词：get girl give gird girder girdle gink gimp gimme 和字母k一样，g在字母n前面通常不发音，也可把gn-看成一个辅字组： gnarl gnar gnash gnat gnathic gnathism gnaw gnome gnomic gnu 单词字母g也有不发音的现象： diaphragm 7、特殊读音 1）音的连读：前面的词以元辅音结尾，后面的单词以元音开头，这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。例如：not at all，half an hour，I love you and all、after all 2）失去爆破：辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等，前面的辅音要失去爆破。例如：good girl，good student，good job，expression，school，extreme 3）音的同化：两个特殊的音碰到一起，会发出变异成特殊的音。例如：Would you do it? I am glad to meet you、Can't you see it? last year，this year。 8、重音 1)单词重音 A)双音节词 a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter，sorry。 b)有 a-，be-，de-，re-，res-，in-，im-，en-，em-，es-，ex-，con-，com-，dis-，mis-，pre-，per-，pro-，trans- 等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。a｀bout，be｀lieve，ad｀dress，de｀cide， re｀port， con｀demn， res｀pect，com｀pare，in｀form，dis｀cuss，im｀press， mis｀take， en｀force，pre｀pare，em｀ploy，per｀mit，es｀cape，pro｀duce，ex｀claim，trans｀late。 c)有 de-，in-，re-，con-，pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关，一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。｀record，re｀cord; ｀insult，in｀sult; ｀conduct，con｀duct; ｀present pre｀sent; ｀content，con｀tent。 d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-，ex-，un-，pre-，post-，等的词，有两个重音。｀out｀side，｀re｀tell，｀well-｀known，｀un｀real，｀fif｀teen，｀Chi｀nese，｀pre-｀war，｀post-｀war。 B)多音节词 a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。｀difficult，｀communist，｀family，e｀conomy，oppor｀tunity，de｀mocracy。 b)有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。｀carefully，in｀definite，｀comfortable，con｀ductor，ac｀cording，dis｀turbance，｀complicated，es｀tablishment。 c)词尾有-eous，-grahpy，-ial，-ian，-ic，-ics，-ience，ient，-ify，-ion，-ious，-ity，ive 后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。cour｀teous，cal｀ligraphy，edi｀torial，his｀torian，peri｀odic，mathe｀matics，ex｀perience，suf｀ficient，i｀dentify，trans｀lation，re｀ligious，curi｀osity，pro｀tective。 d)词尾有 -ain，-ee，-eer，-ese，-ette 后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。enter｀tain，emplo｀yee，mountai｀neer，Japa｀nese，ciga｀rette。 2)句子重音 A) 英语的节奏：（轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻）或重-轻-（轻）（轻）重。 B) 英语句子的长短：是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的，而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。 C) 实词重读（副词重读），虚词轻读(冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be。 D) 实词不重读的特殊情况 a) 实词第二次出现 He thinks of that as a child thinks. b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰 I met her in the railway station. c) 代替词 Which book do you want? The small one. d) 感叹词中的 what 和how What a good day it is! How beautiful she is! e) street 在专有名词中 Wangfujing Street。 f)this在这些短语中，this morning/afternoon/evening 。 E)虚词重读的特殊情况 a) 情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时。Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can. I don't like you. He isn't a worker. b) 情态动词示可能，惊奇和肯定时。They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room. c) 介词在句首和句尾。In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with. d) 引导复合句的连词在句首。If you wish, I’ll visit you. When he comes, I’ll tell him. e) 反身代词表示强调。He couldn't come himself.