ASTM B 425 – 99

Designation: B 425 – 99 Standard Specification for Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo-Cu Alloy (UNS N08825 and UNS N08221)* Rod and Bar1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 425; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. 1. Scope 1.1 This specification2 covers nickel-iron-chromium- molybdenum-copper alloy (UNS N08825 and UNS N08221)* in the form of hot-finished and cold-drawn rounds, squares, hexagons, and rectangles. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 12, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita- tions prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: B 424 Specification for Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo-Cu Alloy (UNS N08825 and UNS N08221) Plate, Sheet, and Strip3 B 880 Specification for General Requirements for Chemical Check Analysis Limits for Nickel, Nickel Alloys and Cobalt Alloys3 E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials4 E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications5 E 1473 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel, Cobalt, and High-Temperature Alloys6 3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 3.1.1 bar—material of rectangular (flats), hexagonal, or square solid section up to and including 10 in. (254 mm) in width and 1⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) and over in thickness in straight lengths. 3.1.1.1 Discussion—Hot-worked rectangular bar in widths 10 in. (254 mm) and under may be furnished as hot-rolled plate with sheared or cut edges in accordance with Specification B 424, provided the mechanical property requirements of this specification are met. 3.1.2 rod—material of round solid section furnished in straight lengths. 4. Ordering Information 4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all requirements that are necessary for the safe and satisfactory performance of material ordered under this specification. Examples of such requirements include, but are not limited to, the following: 4.1.1 ASTM designation and date of issue, 4.1.2 UNS number, 4.1.3 Section—Rod (round) or bar (square, hexagonal, or rectangular), 4.1.4 Dimensions, including length, 4.1.5 Condition (see Appendix X1), 4.1.6 Finish (see Appendix X1), 4.1.7 Quantity—Feet (or metres) or number of pieces, 4.1.8 Certification—State if certification is required (Sec- tion 15), 4.1.9 Samples for Product (Check) Analysis—State whether samples for product (check) analysis should be furnished (see 5.2), and 4.1.10 Purchaser Inspection—If purchaser wishes to wit- ness tests or inspection of material at place of manufacture, the purchase order must so state, indicating which test or inspec- tions are to be witnessed (Section 13). 5. Chemical Composition 5.1 The material shall conform to the composition limits specified in Table 1. 1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B-2 on Nonferrous Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B02.07 on Refined Nickel and Cobalt and Their Alloys. Current edition approved May 10, 1999. Published July 1999. Originally published as B 425 – 64 T. Last previous edition B 425 – 93. * New designation established in accordance with Practice E 527 and SAE J 1086, Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS). 2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi- cation SB-425 in Section II of that code. 3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.04. 4 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01. 5 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. 6 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06. 1 Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. 5.2 If a product (check) analysis is performed by the purchaser, it shall be done per B 880 and the material shall conform to the product (check) analysis variations defined in Table 1 of B 880. 6. Mechanical Properties and Other Requirements 6.1 Mechanical Properties—The material shall conform to the mechanical properties specified in Table 2. 7. Dimensions and Permissible Variations 7.1 Diameter, Thickness, or Width—The permissible varia- tions from the specified dimensions as measured on the diameter or between parallel surfaces of cold-worked rod and bar shall be as prescribed in Table 3, and of hot-worked rod and bar as prescribed in Table 4. 7.2 Out-of-Round—Hot-worked rods and cold-worked rods (except “forging quality”) all sizes, in straight lengths, shall not be out-of-round by more than one half the total permissible variations in diameter shown in Table 3 and Table 4, except for hot-worked rods 1⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) in diameter and under, which may be out-of-round by the total permissible variations in diameter shown in Table 4. 7.3 Corners—Cold-worked bars will have practically exact angles and sharp corners. 7.4 Machining Allowances for Hot-Worked Materials— When the surfaces of hot-worked products are to be machined, the allowances prescribed in Table 5 are recommended for normal machining operations. 7.5 Length—The permissible variations in length of cold- worked and hot-worked rod and bar shall be as prescribed in Table 6. 7.5.1 Rods and bars ordered to random or nominal lengths will be furnished with either cropped or saw-cut ends; material ordered to cut lengths will be furnished with square saw-cut or machined ends. 7.6 Straightness: 7.6.1 The permissible variations in straightness of cold- worked rod and bar as determined by the departure from straightness shall be as prescribed in Table 7. 7.6.2 The permissible variations in straightness of hot- worked rod and bar as determined by the departure from straightness shall be as specified in Table 8. 8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance 8.1 The material shall be uniform in quality and condition, smooth, commercially straight or flat, and free of injurious imperfections. 9. Sampling 9.1 Lot—Definition: 9.1.1 A lot for chemical analysis shall consist of one heat. TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements Element UNS N08825 UNS N08221 Nickel 38.0–46.0 39.0–46.0 Chromium 19.5–23.5 20.0–22.0 IronA 22.0 min balance Manganese 1.0 max 1.0 max Carbon 0.05 max 0.025 max Copper 1.5–3.0 1.5–3.0 Silicon 0.5 max 0.5 max Sulfur 0.03 max 0.03 max Aluminum 0.2 max 0.2 max Titanium 0.6–1.2 0.6–1.0 Molybdenum 2.5–3.5 5.0–6.5 A Element shall be determined arithmetically by difference. TABLE 2 Mechanical Properties (Rod and Bar) Alloy Condition Tensile Strength min, ksi (MPa) Yield Strength 0.2 % offset, min, ksi (MPa) Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm or 4D, min,% UNS N08825 Annealed: 85 (586) 35 (241) 30A Hot-finished, cold–drawn Forging Quality: B B B UNS N08221 All sizes annealed 79 (544) 34 (235) 30 A Not applicable to diameters or cross sections under 3⁄32 in. (2.4 mm). B Forging quality is furnished to chemical requirements and surface inspection only. No tensile properties are required. TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Diameter or Distance Between Parallel Surfaces of Cold-Worked Rod and Bar Specified Dimension, in. (mm)A Permissible Variations From Specified Dimension, in. (mm) Plus Minus Rounds: 1⁄16 (1.6) to 3⁄16 (4.8), excl 0 0.002 (0.05) 3⁄16 (4.8) to 1⁄2(12.7), excl 0 0.003 (0.08) 1⁄2 (12.7) to 15⁄16(23.8), incl 0.001 (0.03) 0.002 (0.05) Over 15⁄16 (23.8) to 115⁄16 (49.2), incl 0.0015 (0.04) 0.003 (0.08) Over 115⁄16 (49.2) to 21⁄2 (63.5), incl 0.002 (0.05) 0.004 (0.10) Hexagons, squares, rectangles: 1⁄2 (12.7) and less 0 0.004 (0.10) Over 1⁄2 (12.7) to 7⁄8(22.2), incl 0 0.005 (0.13) Over 7⁄8 (22.2) to 11⁄4(31.8), incl 0 0.007 (0.18) Over 1 1⁄4 (31.8) to 2 (50.8), incl 0 0.009 (0.23) A Dimensions apply to diameter of rounds, to distance between parallel surfaces of hexagons and squares, and separately to width and thickness of rectangles. TABLE 4 Permissible Variations in Diameter or Distance Between Parallel Surfaces of Hot-Worked Rod and Bar Specified Dimension, in. (mm)A Permissible Variations From Specified Dimension, in. (mm) Plus Minus Rod and bar, hot-worked: 1 (25.4) and under 0.016 (0.41) 0.016 (0.41) over 1 (25.4) to 2 (50.8), incl 0.031 (0.79) 0.016 (0.41) over 2 (50.8) to 4 (101.6), incl 0.047 (1.19) 0.031 (0.79) over 4 (101.6) 0.125 (3.18) 0.063 (1.60) Rod, rough-turned or ground: Under 1 (25.4) 0.005 (0.13) 0.005 (0.13) 1 (25.4) and over 0.031 (0.79) 0 Forging quality rod:B Under 1 (25.4) 0.005 (0.13) 0.005 (0.13) 1 (25.4) and over 0.031 (0.79) 0 B Spot grinding is permitted to remove minor surface imperfections. The depth of these spot ground areas shall not exceed 3 % of the diameter of the rod. B 425 – 99 2 9.1.2 A lot for mechanical properties testing shall consist of all material from the same heat, nominal diameter or thickness, and condition. 9.1.2.1 Where material cannot be identified by heat, a lot shall consist of not more than 500 lb (227 kg) of material in the same size and condition. A single piece weighing over 500 lb shall be considered as one lot. 9.2 Test Material Selection: 9.2.1 Chemical Analysis—Representative samples from each lot shall be taken during pouring or subsequent process- ing. 9.2.1.1 Product (check) analysis shall be wholly the respon- sibility of the purchaser. 9.2.2 Mechanical Properties—Samples of the material to provide test specimens for mechanical properties shall be taken from such locations in each lot as to be representative of that lot. 10. Number of Tests 10.1 Chemical Analysis—One test per lot. 10.2 Tension—One test per lot. 11. Specimen Preparation 11.1 Tension test specimens shall be taken from material in the final condition and tested in the direction of fabrication. 11.1.1 All rod and bar shall be tested in full cross-section size when possible. When a full cross-section size test cannot be performed, the largest possible round specimen shown in Test Methods E 8 shall be used. Longitudinal strip specimens shall be prepared in accordance with Test Methods E 8 for rectangular bar up to 1⁄2 in. (12.7 mm), inclusive, in thicknesses which are too wide to be pulled full size. TABLE 5 Normal Machining Allowances for Hot-Worked Material Finished-Machined Dimensions for Finishes As Indicated Below, in. (mm)A Normal Machining Allowance, in. (mm) On Diameter, for Rods Distance Between Parallel Surfaces, for Hexagonal and Square Bars For Rectangular Bar On Thickness On Width Hot-worked:B Up to 7⁄8 (22.2), incl 1⁄8(3.2) 1⁄8(3.2) 1⁄8(3.2) 3⁄16(4.8) Over 7⁄8 to 1 7⁄8 (22.2 to 47.6), incl 1⁄8(3.2) 3⁄16(4.8) 1⁄8(3.2) 3⁄16(4.8) Over 1 7⁄8 to 2 7⁄8(47.6 to 73.0), incl. 3⁄16(4.8) 1⁄4(6.4) ... 3⁄16(4.8) Over 2 7⁄8 to 313⁄16(73.0 to 96.8), incl 1⁄4(6.4) ... ... 3⁄16(4.8) Over 313⁄16 (96.8) 1⁄4(6.4) ... ... 3⁄8(9.5) Hot-worked rods, rough-turned or rough ground:C 15⁄16 to 4 (23.8 to 101.6), incl in diameter 1⁄16(1.6) ... ... ... Over 4 to 12 (101.6 to 304.8), incl in diameter 1⁄8(3.2) ... ... ... A Dimensions apply to diameter of rods, to distance between parallel surfaces of hexagonal and square bar, and separately to width and thickness of rectangular bar. B The allowances for hot-worked material in Table 5 are recommended for rods machined in lengths of 3 ft (0.91 m) or less and for bars machined in lengths of 2 ft (0.61 m) or less. Hot-worked material to be machined in longer lengths should be specified showing the finished cross-sectional dimension and the length in which the material will be machined in order that the manufacturer may supply material with sufficient oversize, including allowance for out-of-straightness. C Applicable to 3 ft (0.91 m) max length. TABLE 6 Permissible Variations in Length of Rods and Bars Random mill lengths: Hot-worked 6 to 24 ft (1.83 to 7.31 m) long with not more than 25 weight % between 6 and 9 ft (1.83 and 2.74 m)A Cold-worked 6 to 20 ft (1.83 to 6.1 m) long with not more than 25 weight % between 6 and 10 ft (1.83 and 3.05 m). Multiple lengths Furnished in multiples of a specified unit length, within the length limits indicated above. For each multiple, an allowance of 1⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) will be made for cutting, unless otherwise specified. At the manufacturer’s option, individual specified unit lengths may be furnished. Nominal lengths Specified nominal lengths having a range of not less than 2 ft (610 mm) with no short lengths allowed.B Cut lengths A specified length to which all rods and bars will be cut with a permissible variation of plus 1⁄8 in. (3.2 mm), minus 0 for sizes 8 in. (203 mm) and less in diameter or distance between parallel surfaces. For larger sizes, the permissible variation shall be + 1⁄4 in. (6.4 mm), − 0. A For hot-worked sections weighing over 25 lb/ft (37 kg/m) and for smooth forged products, all sections, short lengths down to 2 ft (610 mm) may be furnished. B For cold-worked rods and bars under 1⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) in diameter or distance between parallel surfaces ordered to nominal or stock lengths with a 2-ft (610-mm) range, at least 93 % of such material shall be within the range specified; the balance may be in shorter lengths but in no case shall lengths less than 4 ft (1220 mm) be furnished. TABLE 7 Permissible Variations in Straightness of Cold-Worked Rods and Bars Specified Diameter or Distance Between Parallel Surfaces, in (mm)A Permissible Variations in Lengths Indicated, in. (mm) Rounds: Depth of chord: 1⁄2 (12.7) to 2 1⁄2(63.5), incl 0.030 (0.76) per ft (305 mm) of length Hexagons, squares, rectangles: 1⁄2 (12.7) to 2 (50.8), incl 0.030 (0.76) per ft (305 mm) of length A Material under 1⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) shall be reasonably straight and free of sharp bends and kinks. TABLE 8 Permissible Variations in Straightness of Hot-Worked Rods and BarsA Finish Permissible Variations,in./ft (mm/m)B Rods and bars, hot-worked 0.050 (4.2)C Rounds—hot-worked, rough ground or rough turned 0.050 (4.2)C A Not applicable to forging quality. B Material under 1⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) shall be reasonably straight and free of sharp bends and kinks. C The maximum curvature (depth of chord) shall not exceed the values indicated multiplied by the length in feet. B 425 – 99 3 12. Test Methods 12.1 The chemical composition and mechanical and other properties of the material as enumerated in this specification shall be determined, in case of disagreement, in accordance with the following ASTM standards: Test ASTM Designation Chemical analysis E1473 Tension E 8 Rounding procedure E 29 12.2 For purposes of determining compliance with the specified limits for requirements of the properties listed in the following table, an observed or calculated value shall be rounded as indicated below, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E 29: Test Rounded unit for observed or calculated value Chemical composition and tolerances (when expressed in decimals) nearest unit in the last righthand place of figures of the specified limit. If two choices are possible, as when the digits dropped are exactly a 5, or a 5 followed only by zeros, choose the one ending in an even digit, with zero defined as an even digit. Tensile strength and Yield strength nearest 1000 psi (6.9 MPa) Elongation nearest 1 % 13. Inspection 13.1 Inspection of the material shall be made as agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser as part of the purchase contract. 14. Rejection and Rehearing 14.1 Material tested by the purchaser that fails to conform to the requirements of this specification may be rejected. Rejec- tion should be reported to the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of the test, the producer or supplier may make claim for a rehearing. 15. Certification 15.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, a manufacturer’s certification shall be furnished to the purchaser stating that the material has been manufactured, tested, and inspected in accordance with this specification and that test results on representative samples meet specification require- ments. When specified in the purchase order or contract, a report of the test results shall be furnished. 16. Product Marking 16.1 The following information shall be marked on the material or included on the package, or on a label or tag attached thereto: The name of the material or UNS number; heat number; condition (temper); this specification number; the size; gross, tare and net weight; consignor and consignee address; contract or order number; or such other information as may be defined in the contract or order. APPENDIX (Nonmandatory Information) X1. PROCURABLE CONDITIONS AND FINISHES X1.1 The various conditions and finishes in which rod and bar are procurable are as follows: X1.1.1 Hot-Worked, Annealed—Soft, with a tightly adher- ent dark oxide. X1.1.2 Hot-Worked, Annealed, and Pickled—Same as X1.1.1 except descaled for removal of mill oxide. Provides for better surface inspection than does hot-worked, annealed material and often employed where welding is involved where removal of mill oxide is desired. NOTE X1.1—Annealing prior to pickling may be required in order to reduce the mill oxide since uniform pickling of an unreduced oxide is difficult. X1.1.3 Hot-Worked, Annealed, and Rough Ground— Similar to X1.1.1 except rough ground. X1.1.4 Hot-Worked, Annealed, and Rough-Turned—Similar to X1.1.1 except rough turned with a broad nosed tool similar to a bar peeling operation and thus may not be straight. Intended generally for machining where an overhauled surface is desired, essentially for machined step down shafts or parts machined in short lengths of 3 ft (0.91 m) or less. X1.1.5 Hot-Worked, Forging Quality—Rough-turned and spot-ground, as necessary, for sizes 1 in. (25.4 mm) in diameter and over; rough ground and spot ground for sizes under 1 in. in diameter. Material is selected from heats of known, good hot malleability. NOTE X1.2—For sizes 21⁄2 in. (63.5 mm) in diameter and less, cold- worked rod may be used also for forging by virtue of the fact such rod have been overhauled for removal of mechanical surface defects prior to cold-working. In such cases, the user should run pilot forging tests to ensure himself that such material has the desired hot malleability range. X1.1.6 Cold-Worked, Annealed, and Pickled—Hotworked, overhauled, cold-worked, annealed, descaled, and straightened. Annealed for softness and with a dull matte finish. B 425 – 99 4 ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility. This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below. This standard is copyrighted by AST