ANSIAWWAC200-1997 钢制水管.大于和等于6英寸(150mm)

American Water Works Association ANSI/AWWA C200-97 (Revision of ANSI/AWWA C200-91) AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80235 AWWA STANDARD FOR STEEL WATER PIPE—6 IN. (150 mm) AND LARGER Effective date: Oct. 1, 1997. First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Jan. 26, 1975. This edition approved Feb. 2, 1997. This edition approved by American National Standards Institute July 3, 1997. R Copyright (C) 1998 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved. T AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA publication of a standard obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encouraged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards. CAUTION NOTICE: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., New York, NY 10036; (212) 642-4900. Copyright © 1997 by American Water Works Association Printed in USA does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the classified advertising section of Journal AWWA. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal AWWA publication of the official notice. American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufactur- ing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to AWWA Standard his document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. ii Copyright (C) 1998 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved. Committee Personnel The AWWA Standards Committee on Steel Pipe, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval: George J. Tupac, Chair John H. Bambei Jr., Vice-Chair Dennis A. Dechant, Secretary Consumer Members G.A. Andersen, New York City Bureau of Water Supply, Corona, N.Y. (AWWA) Ergun Bakall, San Diego County Water Authority, San Diego, Calif. (AWWA) J.H. Bambei Jr., Denver Water Department, Denver, Colo. (AWWA) J.L. Doane, Portland Water Bureau, Portland, Ore. (AWWA) R.V. Frisz, US Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo. (USBR) T.J. Jordan, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, LaVerne, Calif. (AWWA) W.M. Kremkau, Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission, Laurel, Md. (AWWA) T.A. Larson, Tacoma Water Division, Tacoma, Wash. (AWWA) P.W. Reynolds, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, Los Angeles, Calif. (AWWA) G.M. Snyder, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif. (AWWA) M.L. Young, East Bay Municipal Utility District, Stockton, Calif. (AWWA) General Interest Members G.E. Block Jr., Rizzo Associates Inc., Natick, Mass. (NEWWA) W.R. Brunzell, Brunzell Associates Ltd., Skokie, Ill. (AWWA) B.R. Bullert,* Council Liaison, City of St. Paul Water Utility, St. Paul, Minn. (AWWA) R.L. Coffey, R.W. Beck Inc., Seattle, Wash. (AWWA) B.R. Elms,* Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA) L.J. Farr, CH2M Hill Inc., Redding, Calif. (AWWA) K.G. Ferguson, Montgomery Watson, Las Vegas, Nev. (AWWA) S.N. Foellmi,† Black & Veatch Engineers, Irvine, Calif. (AWWA) J.W. Green, Alvord Burdick & Howson, Chicago, Ill. (AWWA) K.D. Henrichsen, HDR Engineering Inc., Denver, Colo. (AWWA) G.K. Hickox, Engineering Consultant, Houston, Texas (AWS) M.B. Horsley, Black & Veatch, Kansas City, Mo. (AWWA) J.K. Jeyapalan, American Ventures Inc., Bellevue, Wash. (AWWA) R.Y. Konyalian, Boyle Engineering Corporation, Newport Beach, Calif. (AWWA) H.R. Stoner, Henry R. Stoner Associates Inc., North Plainfield, N.J. (AWWA) Chris Sundberg† CH2M Hill Inc., Bellevue, Wash. (AWWA) *Liaison, nonvoting †Alternate iii Copyright (C) 1998 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved. G.J. Tupac, G.J. Tupac & Associates, Pittsburgh, Pa. (AWWA) L.W. Warren, KCM Inc., Seattle, Wash. (AWWA) W.R. Whidden, Post Buckley Schuh & Jernigan, Winter Park, Fla. (AWWA) R.E. Young, Robert E. Young Engineers, Sacramento, Calif. (AWWA) Producer Members H.H. Bardakjian, Ameron Concrete & Steel Pipe, Rancho Cucamonga, Calif. (AWWA) T.R. Brown, Smith-Blair Inc., Uniontown, Pa. (AWWA) J.H. Burton, Baker Coupling Company Inc., Los Angeles, Calif. (AWWA) R.J. Card, Brico Industries Inc., Atlanta, Ga. (AWWA) J.R. Davenport, California Steel Pressure Pipe, Riverside, Calif. (AWWA) Dennis Dechant, Northwest Pipe & Casing Company, Portland, Ore. (AWWA) G.M. Harris, Harris Corrosion Specialist, Longboat Key, Fla. (AWWA) J.R. Pegues, American Cast Iron Pipe Company, Birmingham, Ala. (MSS) Bruce Vanderploeg,* Northwest Pipe & Casing Company, Portland, Ore. (AWWA) J.A. Wise, Canus Industries Inc., Burnaby, B.C. (AWWA) *Alternate iv Copyright (C) 1998 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved. Contents All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this format may be found in a particular standard. SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE Foreword I Introduction........................................ vii I.A Background......................................... vii I.B History ................................................ vii I.C Acceptance ......................................... viii II Special Issues ....................................... ix II.A Advisory Information on Product Application ........................................ ix III Use of This Standard............................ x III.A Purchaser Options and Alternatives ... x III.B Modification to Standard..................... xi IV Major Revisions.................................... xi V Comments............................................. xi Standard 1 General 1.1 Scope ...................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose .................................................. 1 1.3 Application............................................. 1 2 References ........................................... 1 3 Definitions........................................... 3 4 Requirements 4.1 Permeation ............................................ 5 4.2 Materials and Workmanship ............... 5 4.3 Drawings................................................ 6 4.4 Calculations........................................... 6 4.5 Protective Coating................................. 6 4.6 Pipe Made to ASTM Requirements ..... 6 4.7 Fabricated Pipe ..................................... 6 4.8 Selection of Materials ........................... 7 4.9 General Requirements for Fabrication of Pipe ............................ 7 4.10 Fabrication of Pipe ............................... 7 4.11 Requirements for Welding Operations ......................................... 8 4.12 Permissible Variations in Weights and Dimensions............................... 10 4.13 Preparation of Ends ........................... 13 4.14 Special Ends ....................................... 16 4.15 Specials and Fittings.......................... 16 4.16 Fabrication of Specials....................... 16 5 Verification 5.1 Inspection............................................ 16 5.2 Test Procedures .................................. 17 5.3 Calibration of Equipment .................. 18 6 Delivery 6.1 Marking............................................... 18 6.2 Handling and Loading ....................... 19 6.3 Affidavit of Compliance...................... 19 Figures 1 Reduced-Section Tension Test Specimen............................................ 9 2 Guided-Bend Test Specimen.............. 10 3 Jig for Guided-Bend Test................... 11 4 Alternative Guided-Bend Wrap- Around Jig ....................................... 12 5 Alternative Guided-Bend Roller Jig ..................................................... 13 Tables 1 Steel Plate, Sheet, or Coils for Fabricated Pipe ................................. 7 2 Guided-Bend Test Jig Dimensions.... 12 v Copyright (C) 1998 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved. This page intentionally blank. Copyright (C) 1998 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved. Foreword This foreword is for information only and is not a part of AWWA C200. I. Introduction. I.A. Background. This standard covers butt-welded, straight seam or spiral seam steel pipe, 6 in. (150 mm) and larger, for transmission and distribution of water, including fabrication of pipe, requirements of welding operations, permissible variations of weight and dimensions, preparation of ends, fabrication of specials, inspection, and test procedures. I.B. History. The first AWWA steel pipe standards issued were 7A.3 and 7A.4, published in 1940. Standard 7A.4 pertained to steel pipe smaller than 30 in. (750 mm) in diameter, and 7A.3 pertained to steel pipe 30 in. (750 mm) in diameter and larger. Subsequently, in recognition that some pipe used in water utility service was manufactured in steel mills rather than in a fabricator’s shop, two new AWWA standards were issued in 1960. AWWA C201 replaced 7A.3 and pertained to all pipe, regardless of diameter, manufactured in a fabricator’s shop from steel sheet or plate. The physical and chemical properties are properties of the sheet or plate from which the pipe is made. The properties are a function of the steel mill practice and are not affected significantly by fabricating procedures. AWWA C202 replaced 7A.4 and pertained to mill pipe, which is normally produced in a production pipe mill. The specified physical and chemical properties are those of the completed pipe. Physical testing is performed on the pipe rather than on the steel from which it originates. In many cases, the physical properties are significantly affected by the pipe-manufactur- ing procedure. AWWA C201 was revised in 1966, and AWWA C202 was revised in 1964. Both AWWA C201 and AWWA C202 were superseded by AWWA C200-75, approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on Jan. 26, 1975. AWWA C200 includes all types and classes of steel pipe, 6 in. (150 mm) in diameter and larger, used in water utility service, regardless of the pipe manufactur- ing source. With adequate quality assurance, pipe manufactured in a fabricator’s shop or in a steel pipe mill is suitable for water utility service. Pipe produced in a pipe mill according to one of the ASTM* standards cited in AWWA C200 will be subjected to specific quality-control procedures so that no further testing is required by AWWA C200. Shop-fabricated pipe made from materials and in accordance with the quality-control measures stipulated in AWWA C200 will be of high quality. By reference, AWWA C202 (which pertained to mill-type steel water pipe) included API† 5L and API 5LX pipe grades manufactured to API standards for high- pressure applications. With the inclusion of ASTM A570/A570M and ASTM A572/ A572M high-strength steels in AWWA C200, API high-pressure pipe was omitted from AWWA C200 as being redundant. However, API 5L and API 5LX pipe grades fully meet all requirements of AWWA C200 and can be used for water utility applications if dictated by availability or other economic considerations. *American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. †American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L St. N.W., Washington, DC 20005. vii Copyright (C) 1998 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved. AWWA C200-75 introduced design criteria for determination of wall thickness to meet internal pressure conditions. This facilitated the selection of the optimum combination of thickness and material for steel pipe. Revisions in ANSI/AWWA C200-86 included clarification of forming for lap joint ends and gasketed ends and testing of O-ring gaskets. ANSI/AWWA C200-91 was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on June 23, 1991. This edition was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on Feb. 2, 1997. I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certification program for all direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the original consortium included the American Water Works Association Research Foundation (AWWARF) and the Conference of State Health and Environ- mental Managers (COSHEM). The American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later. In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with, drinking water rests with individual states.* Local agencies may choose to impose requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health effects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local agencies may use various references, including 1. An advisory program formerly administered by USEPA, Office of Drinking Water, discontinued on Apr. 7, 1990. 2. Specific policies of the state or local agency. 3. Two standards developed under the direction of NSF, ANSI†/NSF‡ 60, Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals—Health Effects, and ANSI/NSF 61, Drinking Water System Components—Health Effects. 4. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemicals Codex, Water Chemicals Codex,§ and other standards considered appropriate by the state or local agency. Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in accordance with ANSI/NSF 61. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdiction. Accreditation of certification organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Appendix A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to ANSI/NSF 61 does not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs of an unspecified list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines (noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Appendix A procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifier. *Persons in Canada, Mexico, and non-North American countries should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction. †American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., New York, NY 10036. ‡NSF International, 3475 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48106. §Both publications available from National Academy of Sciences, 2102 Constitution Ave. N.W., Washington, DC 20418. viii Copyright (C) 1998 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved. AWWA C200-97 does not address additives requirements. Thus, users of this standard should consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in order to 1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards. 2. Determine the status of certifications by all parties offering to certify products for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water. 3. Determine current information on product certification. II. Special Issues. II.A. Advisory Information on Product Application. Basis of design. ANSI/AWWA C200-97 pertains to the manufacture and testing of the steel-pipe cylinder. Overall design of steel pipelines is described in AWWA Manual M11, Steel Pipe—A Guide for Design and Installation. Coatings that protect against corrosion are referenced in Sec. 4.5 of ANSI/AWWA C200-97. The determination of the wall thickness of steel pipe is affected by (1) internal pressure, including operating static and transient pressures; (2) external loads, including trench loading and earth fill; (3) special physical loading, such as continuous-beam loading with saddle supports or ring girders, vacuum conditions, type of joint used, and variations in operating temperature; and (4) practical considerations for handling, shipping, lining and coating, or similar operations. The design techniques described in AWWA Manual M11 are used to determine minimum wall thicknesses of steel pipe. The purchaser may establish and specify the wall thickness determined to be satisfactory for all conditions, including internal pressure. Selection of design stresses and deflection limits should be made with regard to the properties of the lining and coating materials used. Alternatively, the purchaser may establish and specify the minimum wall thickness that will satisfy all conditions of external pressure and trench loadings and special physical loadings. The manufacturer is allowed to select materials and manufacturing processes within the limitations of this standard in order to produce pipe to the wall thickness required to additionally satisfy specified internal pressure. The purchaser should specify the internal design pressure and show the depth of cover over the pipe together with installation conditions. The manufacturer should select and furnish pipe having a wall thickness that meets the requirements of the internal design pressure and external load design. This thickness should govern if it is greater than the minimum thickness specified by the purchaser. To meet the requirements of internal design pressure, the pipe wall thickness is determined by using the following formula: (Eq F.1) Where: t = design nominal wall thickness for the specified internal design pressures. Thickness and weight tolerances for pipe shall be governed by the requirements of the specification to which the plates or sheets are ordered (in. [mm]) P = internal design pressure (psi [kPa])—specified by the purchaser D = outside diameter of the steel pipe cylinder (in. [mm]) t PD 2S --------= ix Copyright (C) 1998 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved. S = design stress (psi [kPa]), not to exceed the purchaser- specified percentage of the minimum yield point of the steel selected by the manufacturer Application. This standard covers the requirements for steel water pipe for use in water transmission and distribution under normal circumstances. It is the responsibility of the purchaser for each project to determine if any unusual circumstances related to the project require additional provisions that are not included in the standard. Such special conditions might affect design, manufacture, quality control, c