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考研1号网：专注考研 共同进步 - ----------考研1号读者“瓶子”制作 1997年考研英语阅读真题单词解析（考研1号读者原创） Text 1 It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group’s on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t just something that happened in Australia. It’s world history.” vote（v.）投票，表决；（n.）选票；投票，表决；take/have a ～表决 parliamentary adj 议会的 过会的 议会制度的 territory n 领土 领域 范围 authority n 权威 权利 当局 incurably adv 治不好的 不能矫正的 incurably（adv.）不可治愈地；in-（前缀）表示“不…”；如：innumerable无数的，数不清的；invalid无效的，作废的；instable不稳定的；intact完整无缺的，未经触动的，未受损伤的 measure vt 测量 评估 权衡 n测量 程度 convincing adj 邻人信服的 有说服力的 v 使相信 使明白 convince vt 说服 使确信 使信服 flash vt 使闪光 反射 n 闪光 闪现 executive adj 行政的 经营的 执行的 n 经理 执行委员会 执行者 executive（a.）执行的，实施的；（n.）总经理，行政负责人 bulletin n 公告 公报 vt 公布 公告 (5) implication（n.）暗示，含义；牵连；涉及；密切关系 (6) haste（n./v.）匆忙，急速，草率；in ～匆忙的，草率的 (7) euthanasia（n.）安乐死 (8) put an end to...使…结束 (9) diagnose（v.）诊断 (10) haunt（v.）常去；使苦恼，困扰；布满；～ing（a.）萦绕于心的，使人不安的 The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally III law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right to life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia -- where an aging population, life extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part -- other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling. sink in 渗入 完全被理解 terminally adj adv 最后 在末端 处 physician（n.）内科医生 practical adj 实际的 实用性的 implication n 含义 暗示 牵连 卷入 implication（n.）暗示，含义；牵连；涉及；密切关系 breath n 呼吸 breathed adj 无声的 有气的 relief n 救济 减轻 association n 协会 联盟 社团 bitterly adv 苦涩的 悲痛的 残酷的 bill n 法案 广告 haste（n./v.）匆忙，急速，草率；in ～匆忙的，草率的 euthanasia n 安乐死 gathering gather的ing形式 v 聚集 Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death -- probably by a deadly injection or pill -- to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54 year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally III law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says. territory n 领土 领域 范围 injection n 注射 注射剂 充血 put an end to 结束 终止 diagnose vt 诊断 断定 terminally adv 最后 在末端 certificate vt 发给证明书 n 证书 执照 文凭 resident n 居民 adj 居住的 住院医师 haunting v 常去 adj 不以忘怀的 spiritual adj 精神的 心灵的 51. From the second paragraph we learn that ________. [A] the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries [B] physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia [C] changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law [D] it takes time to realize the significance of the law’s passage objection n 异议 反对 缺陷 physician n 内科医生 chiefly adv 主要的 首先 hasty adj 轻率地 匆忙的 草率的 significance n 意义 重要性 意思 52. When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means ________. [A] observers are taking a wait and see attitude towards the future of euthanasia [B] similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and other countries [C] observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes [D] the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop 53. When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will ________. [A] face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia [B] experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient [C] have an intense fear of terrible suffering [D] undergo a cooling off period of seven days characteristic n 特征 特性 adj 典型的 特有的 54. The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of ________. [A] opposition [B] suspicion [C] approval [D] indifference suspicion n 怀疑 嫌疑 疑心 approval n 批准 认可 赞成 Text 2 A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. consistently adv 一贯的 一致的 bring back 拿回来 使恢复 courteous adj 有礼貌的 谦恭的 frequently adv 频繁的 经常地 exception n 例外 异议 small-minded（a.）心胸狭隘的 ill-mannered adj 无礼的 粗野的 态度恶劣的 For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. diversion n 转移 消遣 分散注意力 dullness n 孤独 The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn’t take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. harsh adj 严厉的 严酷的 刺耳的 harsh（a.）恶劣的，粗糙的，难听的，严酷的 reality n 现实 实际 真实 hospitality（n.）好客，殷勤，款待；hospitable（a.）好客的，殷勤的 frontier n 前沿 边界 adj 边界的 开拓的 frontier（n.）国境，边境；边远地区，边疆 charitable adj 慈善事业的 慷慨的 仁慈的 charitable（a.）仁爱的，慈善的；charity（n.）慈善团体，仁慈，施舍 impulse vt 推动 n 冲动 刺激 impulse（n.）冲动，驱使，推动，刺激；（v.）推动 on the part of 就……而言 由……所做出的 reflect vt 反映 反射 照出 vi 反射 映现 harshness n 严肃 刺耳 粗糙的事物 Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. “I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner -- amazing.” Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. specialize vt 使专门化 vi 专门从事 specialize in 专门研究 specialize（v.）（in）专门从事 weary adj 疲倦的 厌烦的 vi 使疲倦 使厌烦 pretty adv 相当的 adj 漂亮的 properly adv 适当的 正确的 恰当的 casual adj 随便的 非正式的 临时的 superficial adj 表面的 付钱的 superficial（a.） 表面的，肤浅的，浅薄的 artificial（a.）人工的，人造的；人为的，矫揉造作的 As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to “translate” cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word “friend,” the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor’s language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers. assumption n 假定 设想 担任 convention n 大会 惯例 pattern n 模式 图案 样品 distinguish vt 区别 辨别 vi 区别 区分 courteous adj 有礼貌的 谦恭的 courteous（a.）礼貌的，殷勤的；courtesy（n.）谦恭有礼，有礼貌的举止或言辞 virtue n 美德 优点 55. In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ________. [A] rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US [B] small minded officials deserve a serious comment [C] Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors [D] most Americans are ready to offer help official n 裁判 官员 comment n 评论 意见 批评 56. It could be inferred from the last paragraph that ________. [A] culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship [B] courteous convention and individual interest are interrelated [C] various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends [D] social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions interrelated adj 相互的 manifest vt 证明 表示 显示 exclusively adv 唯一的 专有的 排外的 57. Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers ________. [A] to improve their hard life [B] in view of their long distance travel [C] to add some flavor to their own daily life [D] out of a charitable impulse entertain vt 娱乐 招待 怀抱 flavor n 情味 风味 vt 加味于 58. The tradition of hospitality to strangers ________. [A] tends to be superficial and artificial [B] is generally well kept up in the United States [C] is always understood properly [D] was something to do with the busy tourist trails hospitality adj 好客的 殷勤的 artificial adj 人造的 仿造的 虚伪的 superficial adj 表面的 付钱的 1997年Text 3 Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They don’t realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase “substance abuse” is often used instead of “drug abuse” to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine. substance n 物质 实质 资产 other than 除了 不同于 mental adj 脑力的 精神的 mistakenly adj adv 错误的 曲解的 被误解的 illegal （a.）非法的；il—前缀，表示“非，不”。如：illiterate 文盲的，未受教 育的 addict n 有瘾的人 addict（n.）入迷的人，上瘾的人（v.）使沉溺，使入迷，使上瘾； drug ～ 吸毒者 neutral adj 中立的 中性的 alcohol（n.）酒精 psychologist n 心理学家 abuse vt 滥用 n 滥用 harmfully adv 有害的 上海的 heroin 海洛因 cocaine 可卡因 We live a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued. pervasive adj 普遍的 aspirin n 阿司匹林 sociable adj 社交的 好交际的 友善的 cigarette n 香烟 nerve vt 鼓起勇气 n 神经 精神紧张 acceptable adj 可接受的 合意的 忍受的 apparently adv adv 显然的 似乎 表面上 constructive adj 建设性的 推定的 constructive（a.）有建设性的 in excess 过度 过量的 excess（a.）过量的，额外的；（n.）过量，过剩；in ～过量 negative（a.）否定的，消极的，反面的，负的；（n.）负数；（摄影）底片 poisoning v （poison的ing形式 ） 毒害 n 中毒 perceptual adj 知觉的 感知的 distortion n 畸变 扭曲 tolerance n 公差 宽容 容忍 desired adj 渴望的 想得到的 desire v 渴望 withdrawal n 撤回 收回 取消 symptom n 症状 征兆 withdrawal symptom 脱瘾症状 withdrawal（n.）收回，取回，撤回；戒毒（脱瘾）的过程； withdraw（v.）收回，撤回；退出，缩回 discontinued 中断的 停止使用的 Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning “mind-manifesting”) because they seemed to radically alter one’s state of consciousness. the central nervous system 中枢神经系统 nervous（a.）神经的；神经过敏的，紧张不安的； nerve（n.）神经；勇气，胆量 perception n 知觉 感觉 看法 perceptual（a.）感觉的 psychoactive adj 影响心理状态的 作用于精神的 psychoactive（a.）作用于神经的，影响或改变心理状态的； psycho—：前缀，表示“精神”，“心理”；如：psychoanalysis 精神分析；psychobiology 精神生物学 stimulant adj 激励的 使得人兴奋地 depressant n 镇静剂 hallucinogen n 迷幻剂 hallucination（n.）幻觉；妄想 initially adv 最初的 首先 开头 activate vt 刺激 使活动 whereas 然而 distorting 是distort的ing形式 vt 扭曲 psychedelic n 迷幻剂 adj 引起幻觉的 radically adv 根本上 彻底的 以激进的方式 manifesting 是manifest的现在分词 v 使显现 显示 证明 adj 显现（形式）的 59. “Substance abuse” (Line 5, Paragraph 1) is preferable to “drug abuse” in that ________. [A] substances can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally used [B] “drug abuse” is only related to a limited number of drug takers [C] alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine [D] many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous be preferable to 比……更好 mental function 心理功能 心智功能 fatal adj 致命的 poisonous adj 有毒的 恶毒的 讨厌的 60. The word “pervasive” (Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean ________. [A] widespread [B] overwhelming [C] piercing [D] fashionable widespread adj 普遍的 overwhelm vt 压倒 淹没 受打击 piercing adj 刺穿 感动 洞察 fashionable adj 时尚的 61. Physical dependence on certain substances results from ________. [A] uncontrolled consumption of them over long periods of time [B] exclusive use of them for social purposes [C] quantitative application of them to the treatment of diseases [D] careless employment of them for unpleasant symptoms consumption n 消费 消耗 exclusive use 专用 exclusive adj 独有的 排外的 专一的 purpose n 目的 用途 意志vt 决心 企图 打算 quantitative adj 定量的 量的 数量的 careless 粗心的 symptom n 症状 征兆 62. From the last paragraph we can infer that ________. [A] stimulants function positively on the mind [B] hallucinogens are in themselves harmful to health [C] depressants are the worst type of psychoactive substances [D] the three types of psychoactive substances are commonly used in groups 1997年Text 4 No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. “Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?” Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. “You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?” At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. It’s a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line. accomplish vt 完成 实现 到达 senator n 参议院 executive n 经理 经历主管人员 corrupt adj 腐败的 贪污的 vt 使腐烂 使堕落 使恶化 manifestation n 表现 显示 示威运动 at various times 在不同的时代 corporate adj 法人的 共同的 全体的 At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the company’s mountainous debt, which will increase to 17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently. at the core of 在……的中心 financial adj 金融的 财政的 财务的 financial（a.）财政的 mountainous（a.）多山的，山一般的 cable n 电缆 cable deal 有线电视交易 property n 性质 性能 财产 所有权 restructure vt 调整 重建 更改结构 impatiently adv 无耐性的 The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the company’s rap music on the grounds of expression. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice T’s violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as a lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet. “The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won’t retreat in the face of any threats.” consistently adj 一贯的 一致的 defend vt 辩护 防护 vi 保卫 防守 democratic adj 民主的 民主政治的 大众的 latitude（n.）纬度；范围；言论行动等的自由 irritating adj 令人恼火的 v（irritate的ing形式）激怒 恼火 使……急躁 retreat vt 退 使……后退 vi 撤退 退避 向后倾 Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard line stand, at least to some extent. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders’ meeting, Levin asserted that “music is not the cause of society’s ills” and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle” between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music. comment on 对……评论 comment（v.） （on）注释，评论；（n.）注释，评论，意见 hard line stand 强硬立场 to some extent 在一定程度上 在某种程度上 assert vt 维护 主张 声称 launch a drive 发起一场运动 launch（v.）发射；使（船）下水，发动，发展；（n.）发射，下水 launch a drive发起一场运动 labeling n 标签 记号 标记 v (label的现在分词)贴标签 分类 potentially adv 可能的 潜在的 objectionable adj 会引起反对的 objection n 反对 异议 objectionable（a.）会引起反对的；objection（n.）（to） 反对，异议 The 15 member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy. But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in this matter. “Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited,” says Luce. “I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this.” strategy n 战略 策略 associate with v 联合 与……联系在一起 和……来往 come to realize 认识到，体会到 contend（v.）斗争，竞争；坚决主张 release（v.） 发行，发表；释放，解放 63. Senator Robert Dole criticized Time Warner for ________. [A] its raising of the corporate stock price [B] its self-examination of soul [C] its neglect of social responsibility [D] its emphasis on creative freedom 64. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? [A] Luce is a spokesman of Time Warner. [B] Gerald Levin is liable to compromise. [C] Time Warner is united as one in the face of the debate. [D] Steve Ross is no longer alive 65. In face of the rece