E形容词

2008---2009初三英语假期课程学案 ----- 阶段E 语法5 形容词/副词 【知识呈现】 （一）知识脉络 词形 形容词/副词 对比 句法功能 形容词 原级 / 副词 形容词/副词的“级” 比较级 副词的种类 最高级 （二）基本知识 一．形容词与副词的词形 名词 变 形容词 形容词变副词 一般 后缀 名词 形容词 后缀 形容词 副词 --y sun /cloud/wind/rain sunny/ cloudy/windy/rainy --ly careful carefully luck/ lucky quiet quietly --ern west/east/south/north western/eastern/southern northern quick quickly --ly friend /week/ day friendly/weekly/daily slow slowly --en wood / wool wooden/ woolen sad sadly --ful care careful happy happily -less care careless 其他举例 early：形容词/副词 hard/hardly hard：“困难的”（形容词）；“努力”（副词） hardly：“几乎不。。。”（副词） loud / loudly loud：大声的（形容词）；大声地（副词） loudly：大声而吵闹地（副词） fast fast：“快”；形容词 fast：“快”；副词 二．形容词与副词的句法功能 例子 形容词的位置 定语 名词之前 new book 代词之后 something new 表语 系动词之后 The book is new. 副词的 位置 一般副词 在谓语动词之后 He is doing his homework carefully 频度副词 在be动词/助动词/情态动词之后，行为动词之前 He often goes shopping. 其他例词 luckily/suddenly Luckily, he was not badly hurt. enough enough money(名前);strong enough（形副后） 三．形容词/副词的“级” 1．形容词/副词的比较级和最高级 1）形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的 词形变化 类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词/ 少数双音节词 一般直接加-er,-est long tall longer taller longest tallest 以不发音的e结尾时加-r , -st late large later larger latest largest 以辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i再加-er,-est easy happy easier happier easiest happiest 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写最后的辅音字母，再加-er,-est big hot bigger hotter biggest hottest 有后缀的词/ 多音节词/ 部分双音节词 在原级前加 more , most quickly more quickly most quickly careful more careful most careful beautiful more beautiful most beautiful 2) 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的 标志词 比较级 最高级 标志词 例句 标志词 例句 一般 than He is taller than me. the He is the tallest. of the two He is taller of the two. of the three/four He is the tallest of the four. ….., A or B? Who is taller, Tom or Jack? ……, A, B or C? Who is the tallest, Tom, Jack or Mike? in….. He is the tallest in my class. one of the…… He is one of the tallest boys in my class. 修饰词 a little /a bit/a lot /much/even/still/ far/rather He is even taller than me. 序数词 He is the second tallest in my class. 固定结构 “比较级and 比较级” He is taller and taller. “the 比较级…..，the比较级…….” The more he eats, the fatter he will be. 3）形容词/副词不规则变化表 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly worse worst little less least much/many more most far farther farthest further furthest 2．形容词/副词的原级 标志词 例句 第一种情况 有very/so/too/enough/ quite 等修饰时 He is very tall. 第二种情况 肯定句中的结构：“A…+ as+形容词原级+ as +B” He is as tall as Jack. 否定句中的结构：“A… + as/so +形容词原级 + as +B” He is not so tall as Jack. 【知识扩展】 1． Q：形容词最高级前面什么时候不用加定冠词the？例如？ A：当形容词最高级前面有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格等修饰时。 例如：This is our second lesson today. 2．Q：什么是“形容词的名词化”？ A：某些形容词放在定冠词之后，变成名词，表示一类人，常见词有good/bad rich/poor young/old deaf/blind black/white living/dead等。 例如：The old are taken good care of today. 3．Q：什么词的最高级前可以不加the? 举例。 A：副词最高级前一般不加定冠词the。 例如：He runs fastest in his class. 4．副词的种类 （要求：了解大概有哪几种即可） 时间副词 now ,today；always, sometimes, at first /finally/in the end等。 地点副词 here, there, home, upstairs, somewhere等。（这类副词放在动词之后不再加to） 程度副词 very, so, a little, a bit /nearly. almost, not at all 疑问副词 how, when, where, why 关系副词 How, when, where, why, whether用在宾语从句中，充当连接词 【练习反馈】 1． 汉译英 (注意：中文中划曲线的地方建议替换其他表达) 1） 天上没有云。今天是个大晴天。（cloud/ sun） 2） 昨天是个刮风的天儿，风很大。（wind） 3） 天津位于中国的东部（ east / eastern两个提示词都用） 4） 那个人很友好，他递给我一份月刊。（过去时） 5） 那个女人穿着一件羊毛毛衣, 她迅速地坐在一个木头椅子上。（现在时） 6） Jack总是很细心。现在他正在认真地做作业。 7） Jack总是很粗心。他刚刚弄坏了一把椅子。 8） Jack安静地听那个姑娘难过地诉说，然后慢慢地站起身，对她说了声谢谢，姑娘高兴地离开了。 9） 老头儿想把箱子搬到自行车上，但是没那么大劲（用enough 和strong）。箱子掉了下来，砸在他的脚上。还好，伤得不重。 10) 穷人比富人生活得要艰难些，但是很多穷人却比富人要快乐。 11）我的左手比右手大一点儿。 12）Jack 是两个男孩子中更高一些。 13）长江是中国最长的河。 14）我认为英语比数学有用。 15）我认为英语比数学有用得多。 16）我们不该吃得太多。因为吃得越多，就会长得越胖。 17）我英语比数学学得好。 18）我相信天津会变得越来越漂亮。 19）天津的人口比上海的人口多。 20）上海的人口不如天津的人口多。(用否定句) 答案： 1) There is no cloud in the sky, it is sunny today. 2) It was windy yesterday. The wind was strong. 3) Tianjin is in the east of China. / Tianjin is in the eastern part of China. 4) That man was very friendly, and he passed me a monthly magazine. 5) The woman is wearing a woolen sweater, she sits on a wooden chair quickly. 6) Jack is always careful. Now he is doing his homework carefully. 7) Jack is always careless. He has just broken a chair carelessly. (break—borke--broken) 8) Jack listened to the girl quietly. She told the story sadly. Then he stood up slowly, and said thanks to her. Then she left happily. (tell—told –told ; stand—stood—stood; say—said—said; leave—left—left) 9) The old man wanted to carry the box onto the bike, but he was not strong enough. The box fell on the ground, and his foot was hurt. Luckily, he was not badly hurt. (fall—fell—fallen; hurt—hurt—hurt ) 10) The poor live a harder life than the rich, but many of the poor live a happier life. 11) My right hand is a little bigger than the left one. 12) Jack is taller of the two. 13) Changjiang River is the longest one in China. 14) I think English is more useful than maths. 15) I think English is much more useful than maths. 16) We’d better not eat too much, because the more we eat, the fatter we will be. 17) My English is better than maths. 18) I believe/ I think Tianjin will become more and more beautiful. 19) The population of Tianjin is bigger than that of Shanghai. 20) The population of Shanghai is not as big as that of Tianjin.