F22

2/14/00 Genglin Tang 1 “Dangerous Beauty” - Raptor F-22 • Introduction • Aerodynamic Design • Maneuver/Control • Avionics/Weapons • Lessons • References 2/14/00 Genglin Tang 2 “Dangerous Beauty” - Raptor F-22 2/14/00 Genglin Tang 3 Introduction(Con’t) • Why ATF?[8,12] • Update Generation F-15+F-16+F-117 • F-15 (all out and all back) Su-27, Mig-29, and Mirage 2000 • ATF (first look, first shoot, and first kill) Mig 1.42 and EF2000 2/14/00 Genglin Tang 4 Introduction Air Superiority[1,13]: Fighter performance, Radar, long-range missiles, short-range missiles, and combat mission radius. 2/14/00 Genglin Tang 5 Why ATF(F-22)?[2,8,9,14,15,16,17] Table2 Geometric Comparison between F-22 and F-15[2,8,9,14,15,16,17] A/C F-22A F-15A AR 2.4 3.01(self-estimated) Taper Ratio 0.169 0.2 Airfoil Biconvex NACA 64A (LE with conical camber) Thickness Ratio (%) 5.92 ~ 4.29 5.9 ~ 3 Sweep 42° 38°42’ Wing Planform Modified Diamond Trapezoidal H-Tail Span 29’ 28’33” V-Tail Canted 28° Vertical High-lift system LE(3~30°), TE flap TE flap Table 3 Overall Performance Comparison between F-22 and F-15[2,8,9,14,15,16,17] A/C F-22A F-15A T/W 1.4 1.15 W/S 71.4(self-estimated) 66 L/D 22.5(sub), 4.2(sup)(self-estimated) C maxL 1.0(self-estimated) C 0,D 0.005 (Sub), 0.036 (Sup) (self-estimated) Range (miles) 700 (supercruise) G limits 9 7.33 Supercruise (Mach) 1.58 No TV ±20° No Stealth Yes No 2/14/00 Genglin Tang 6 Why F-22? Air dominance fighter YF-22: Maneuverability and better compromise YF-23: Supercruise and stealth[2,8,9,14,15,16,17] Table 1 Basic Specifications A/C F-22A YF-23 F-15A Length 62’1” 67’4.75” 63.8’ Height 16’5” 13’10.75” 18.5’ Wing Span 44’6” 43’7.25” 42.8’ Area (gross, sq. ft) 840 945 608 TOGW 60,000 64,000 41,500Weight (lbs.) Empty 31,670 37,00 Speed 2.0 2.0 2.5 Service Ceiling (ft) 50,000 + 65,000+ <100,000 Propulsion F119-PW-100(2) YF119/YF120 F100-PW-229(2) Armament 8 missiles + 1 gun 8 missiles + 1 gun Service 2005 1974 War Record 33 (Iraq), 4 (Kosovo) Turnout 348 1,500 Derivative B B~J Manufacturer Lockheed-Boeing Northrop-Grumman McDonnell Douglas 2/14/00 Genglin Tang 7 F-22 technology[9] Supercruise, unlimited maneuverability, and stealth • External Aircraft Geometry - Low observable - Low supersonic drag - Unrestricted Maneuverability • Propulsion - Low observable supersonic inlet - Low observable augmenter/thrust vectoring nozzle • Avionics - Common modules - Ada real time software - Liquid cooling for reliability - Low observable apertures - Radar - Infrared - Communication/Navigation - Electronics warfare • Other subsystems and equipment - Low observable air data sensors - Low observable canopy 2/14/00 Genglin Tang 8 Configuration Features[9] - Blended wing-body with internal weapons bays and sufficient internal fuel volume for meeting long endurance mission. - Chinned forebody with radar-compatible nose, single piece canopy, and good pilot visibility (15 down look over nose). - Modified diamond wing with a wing span compatible with existing aircraft shelters, and constant chord full leading edge flaps, aileron and flaperons. - Scarfed wing tip to accommodate installation of various antennas. - All exterior edge angles aligned with either the wing leading or trailing edge angles. 2/14/00 Genglin Tang 9 Configuration Features(Con’t)[9] - Twin, canted vertical tails; constant chord rudders. - All movable clipped diamond horizontal tails. - Two-dimensional, convergent-divergent exhaust nozzles with independent throat and exit area actuation and pitch axis thrust vectoring. - Freestream fixed geometry supersonic inlets with sweep cowl lips, boundary layer bleed and overboard bypass systems, and a relatively long subsonic diffuser having 100 percent line-of-sight RF blockage. - Integrated electronic flight/propulsion control system, totally software controlled. 2/14/00 Genglin Tang 10 Flow Patterns/Aerodynamic Design[6] α increase: stronger vortex and breakdown moves upstream 2/14/00 Genglin Tang 11 Flow Patterns/Aerodynamics(Con’t)[6] β increase: stronger vortex, breakdown moves upstream, and asymmetric trajectory of vortex 2/14/00 Genglin Tang 12 Control Surfaces/Maneuver[3,7,9,10,12] • Pitch Control: H-tail + TV • Roll control: ailerons + flaperons + differential H-tails • Yaw control: V-tails with rudders + differential H-tails ¾α>25, rudder effectiveness decreases ¾some high α, aileron and flaperon effectiveness decreases • Full span LE flaps: optimize the wing camber for better cruise and maneuvering performance and improve handling qualities • At high α H-tails play a key role because TV frees its traditional functions. 2/14/00 Genglin Tang 13 TV Envelope/Maneuver[3,10] α ≤12 12<α<20 ≥20 ON V≤200 KCAS Blended 200 maneuverability • Handling: “It always did what I wanted it to do and never did anything that I didn’t want it to do” -> fault tolerant function • TV nozzle: 2D-> 3D, impact of evolution of propulsion on airplanes • Role: quantity -> quality, “knight destiny” • Information, Electronics and Materials 2/14/00 Genglin Tang 22 References • 1. Aviation Week and space technology, pp.78~83, Sept. 6, 1999; pp.50~53, Nov. 29, 1999; pp.2, Jan.1, 2000; pp.50~55, Feb.7, 2000; pp.114~117, Feb.21, 2000. • 2. Jane’s Aircraft, 1982, 1992, and 1998. • 3. High Angle-of-Attack Flight Characteristics of the YF-22, Clark and Bernens, AIAA 91-3194. • 4. AFRL F-22 dynamic wind tunnel test results, AIAA Paper 99-4015 (A99-36875), Gillard, William J. • 5. CAIS for F-22, AIAA Paper 94-2130 (A94-28387), Hochner, Bill. • 6. Computational simulation of the F-22 aircraft, AIAA Paper 98-0526 (A98-16381), Josyula, Eswar; Gordiner, Raymond E. • 7. F-22 control law development and flying qualities, AIAA Paper 96-3379 (A96-35101), Harris, Jeffrey J. • 8. Origins of the F-22 Raptor, AIAA Paper 98-5566@SAE Paper 985566 (A98-43081), Piccirillo, Albert C. • 9. The evolution of the F-22 advanced tactical fighter (1992 Wright Brothers Lecture) AIAA Paper 92-4188 (A92-53999), MULLIN, SHERMAN N. • 10. Thrust vector aided maneuvering of the YF-22 Advanced Tactical Fighter prototype, AIAA Paper 94-2105 (A94- 28371), Barham, Robert W. • 11. Flying qualities demonstration maneuvers, AIAA Paper 94-2113 (A94-28376) Leggett, David B.; Cord, Thomas J. • 12. Advanced tactical fighter to F-22 raptor : origins of the 21st century air dominance fighter / David C. Aronstein, Michael J. Hirschberg, Albert C. Piccirillo. Reston, Va. : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. • 13. Tactical aircraft [microform] : F-15 replacement is premature as currently planned : report to the Chairman, Legislation and National Security Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives / United Sta Washington, D.C. : The Office ; Gaithersburg, MD. • 14. http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/military/f22/ • 15. http://www.lmasc.lmco.com/f22/ • 16. http://www.pratt-whitney.com/engines/military.html • 17. http://www.wpafb.af.mil/museum/modern_flight/mf21a.htm “Dangerous Beauty” - Raptor F-22 “Dangerous Beauty” - Raptor F-22 Introduction(Con’t) Introduction�Air Superiority[1,13]: Fighter performance, Radar, long-range missiles,� short-range mis Why ATF(F-22)?[2,8,9,14,15,16,17] Why F-22? Air dominance fighter �YF-22: Maneuverability and better compromise�YF-23: Supercruise and stealth[2,8,9,14,15,16,17 F-22 technology[9]� Supercruise, unlimited maneuverability, and stealth Configuration Features[9]� Configuration Features(Con’t)[9] Flow Patterns/Aerodynamic Design[6] � increase: stronger vortex and breakdown moves upstream� Flow Patterns/Aerodynamics(Con’t)[6]�  increase: stronger vortex, breakdown moves upstream, and asymmetric trajectory of vort Control Surfaces/Maneuver[3,7,9,10,12]� TV Envelope/Maneuver[3,10]� TV Gains/Maneuver[3,7,9,10,12]� TV Gains/Maneuver(Con’t)[12]� Cobra Maneuver[1,6]� Supermaneuverability[10]� Avionics[1]� Radar[1]� Weapons[1] Lessons� References�