电阻电容封装详解

电阻电容封装详解 直插式电阻电容封装与尺寸图解 2010年06月23 | 分类: 硬件应用 | 1 条评论 | 标签: Wiki 之前介绍过贴片式电阻电容封装与功率映射关系，本文看一下直插式电阻电容封装尺寸，由于直插式无源器件体积普遍要比贴片式要大一些，而且直插式器件在制作PCB时需要打孔，焊接工艺跟贴片式也有差别，较为麻烦，相对而言，直插式电阻电容多是面向大功率电路应用。本文图文并茂，看完想不懂都难。贴片类电容电阻请参考文章贴片电阻电容封装规格、尺寸和功率对应关系。 一、直插式电阻封装及尺寸 直插式电阻封装为AXIAL-xx形式(比如AXIAL-0.3、AXIAL-0.4)，后面的xx代焊盘中心间距为xx英寸，这一点在网上很多文章都没说清楚，单位为英寸。这个尺寸肯定比电阻本身要稍微大一点点，常见的固定(色环)电阻如下图: 常见封装:AXIAL-0.3、AXIAL-0.4、AXIAL-0.5、AXIAL-0.6、AXIAL-0.7、AXIAL-0.8、AXIAL-0.9、AXIAL-1.0。 尺寸大小如下图(AXIAL-0.3，默认焊盘直径为62mil，其中焊孔直径为32mil): school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 另外很多热敏、压敏、光敏、湿敏电阻的封装很像个电容，或看起来根本不像个 电阻器，如下图，这类电阻可以参照下文的无极电容封装来设计，比如RAD-0.2 等等。 而可调式电阻器封装也很有特点，比如引导的独特性，很多引脚宽度也不能使用 传统的圆形，一般都不能按照上述封装进行，需要遵照产品手册进行单独设计。 如下图: school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 二、直插式电容封装及尺寸 1、无极电容 常见的电容分为两种:无极电容和有极电容，典型的无极电容如下: 无极电容封装以RAD标识，有RAD-0.1、RAD-0.2、RAD-0.3、RAD-0.4，后 面的数字表示焊盘中心孔间距，如下图所示(示例RAD-0.3)。 school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 2、有极电容 有极电容一般指电解电容，如下图: 下图是电解电容和固态电容图，这类电容都是的封装，但是高度不一定标准， 包括很多定制的电容，需根据产品设计特点进行选择。图中灰白色的那种就是， school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 很 多主板上经常吹嘘的所谓的固态电容，固态电容稳定性要稍好一点。 看下面的法拉电容也比较有意思。 电解电直插式电阻电容封装与尺寸图解 2010年06月23 | 分类: 硬件应用 | 1 条评论 | 标签: Wiki 之前介绍过贴片式电阻电容封装与功率映射关系，本文看一下直插式电阻电容封装尺寸，由于直插式无源器件体积普遍要比贴片式要大一些，而且直插式器件在制作PCB时需要打孔，焊接工艺跟贴片式也有差别，较为麻烦，相对而言，直插式电阻电容多是面向大功率电路应用。本文图文并茂，看完想不懂都难。贴片类电容电阻请参考文章贴片电阻电容封装规格、尺寸和功率对应关系。 电解电容封装则以RB标识，常见封装有:RB.2/.4、RB.3/.6、RB.4/.8、RB.5/1.0，符号中前面数字表示焊盘中心孔间距，后面数字表示外围尺寸(丝印)，单位仍然是英寸，如下图(RB-.3/.6): school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 注:本文实物图来源于Google图片搜索，天缘仅做拼合整理，尺寸图来源为Protel 99 SE抓图。 容封装则以RB标识，常见封装有:RB.2/.4、RB.3/.6、RB.4/.8、RB.5/1.0，符号中前面数字表示焊盘中心孔间距，后面数字表示外围尺寸(丝印)，单位仍然是英寸，如下图(RB-.3/.6): 注:本文实物图来源于Google图片搜索，天缘仅做拼合整理，尺寸图来源为Protel 99 SE抓图。 school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 贴片电阻电容封装规格、尺寸和功率对应关系 贴片电阻电容常见封装有9种(电容指无级贴片)，有英制和公制两种表示方式。英制表示方法是采用4位数字表示的EIA(美国电子工业协会)代码，前两位表示电阻或电容长度，后两位表示宽度，以英寸为单位。我们常说的0805封装就是指英制代码。实际上公制很少用到，公制代码也由4位数字表示，其单位为毫米，与英制类似。 封装尺寸规格对应关系如下表: 英制 公制 长(L) 宽(W) 高(t) (inch(mm (mm) (mm) (mm) ) ) 0.60?00.30?0. 0201 0603 0.23?0.05 .05 05 1.00?00.50?0. 0402 1005 0.30?0.10 .10 10 1.60?00.80?0. 0603 1608 0.40?0.10 .15 15 2.00?01.25?0. 0805 2012 0.50?0.10 .20 15 3.20?01.60?0. 1206 3216 0.55?0.10 .20 15 school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 3.20?02.50?0. 1210 3225 0.55?0.10 .20 20 4.50?03.20?0. 1812 4832 0.55?0.10 .20 20 5.00?02.50?0. 2010 5025 0.55?0.10 .20 20 6.40?03.20?0. 2512 6432 0.55?0.10 .20 20 封装尺寸与功率有关通常如下: 英制 功率W 0201 1/20W 0402 1/16W 0603 1/10W 0805 1/8W 1206 1/4W 1210 1/3W 1812 1/2W 2010 3/4W 2512 1W 关于电容的封装除了上面的贴片封装外，对无极性电容，其封装模型还有RAD 类型，例如“RAD-0.1”“RAD-0.2”等，后缀数字表示封装模型中两个焊盘间的距 离，单位为英寸。有极的电解电容的封装模型为RB类型，例如从“RB-.2/.4”到 school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification “RB-.5/.10”，其后缀的第一个数字表示封装模型中两个焊盘间的距离，第二个 数字表示电容外形的尺寸，单位为也是英寸。 天缘指引:关于PCB设计中封装库的使用，对于这些主流的电阻封装，一般库 内都是有的，包括RAD类型，如果如要设计自己的封装库，那么就可以按照1 mil=0.001英寸，1英寸=2.54cm换算关系设计，(1英寸=1000mil)对于外圈 的丝印不要设计的太松散，否则实际使用很容易跟其他丝印重叠。 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////// protel元件封装介绍 电阻 AXIAL0.3 0.4 三极管 TO-92A B 电容 RAD0.1 0.2 发光二极管 DZODE0.1 单排针 SIP+脚数 双排针 DIP+脚数 电解电容 RB.1 .2 。。。。。。。} 电阻 AXIAL 无极性电容 RAD 电解电容 RB- 电位器 VR school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 二极管 DIODE 三极管 TO 电源稳压块78和79系列 TO,126H和TO-126V 场效应管 和三极管一样 整流桥 D,44 D,37 D,46 单排多针插座 CON SIP 双列直插元件 DIP 晶振 XTAL1 电阻:RES1，RES2，RES3，RES4;封装属性为axial系列 无极性电容:cap;封装属性为RAD-0.1到rad-0.4 电解电容:electroi;封装属性为rb.2/.4到rb.5/1.0 电位器:pot1,pot2;封装属性为vr-1到vr-5 二极管:封装属性为diode-0.4(小功率)diode-0.7(大功率) 三极管:常见的封装属性为to-18(普通三极管)to-22(大功率三极管)to-3(大功率达林顿管) 电源稳压块有78和79系列;78系列如7805，7812，7820等 79系列有7905，7912，7920等 常见的封装属性有to126h和to126v 整流桥:BRIDGE1,BRIDGE2: 封装属性为D系列(D-44，D-37，D-46) 电阻: AXIAL0.3-AXIAL0.7 其中0.4-0.7指电阻的长度，一般用AXIAL0.4瓷片电容:RAD0.1-RAD0.3。 其中0.1-0.3指电容大小，一般用RAD0.1 电解电容:RB.1/.2-RB.4/.8 其中.1/.2-.4/.8指电容大小。一般<100uF用 school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification RB.1/.2,100uF-470uF用RB.2/.4,>470uF用RB.3/.6 二极管: DIODE0.4-DIODE0.7 其中0.4-0.7指二极管长短，一般用DIODE0.4 发光二极管:RB.1/.2 集成块: DIP8-DIP40, 其中,,,,指有多少脚，,脚的就是DIP8 贴片电阻 0603表示的是封装尺寸 与具体阻值没有关系 但封装尺寸与功率有关 通常来说 0201 1/20W 0402 1/16W 0603 1/10W 0805 1/8W 1206 1/4W 电容电阻外形尺寸与封装的对应关系是: 0402=1.0x0.5 0603=1.6x0.8 0805=2.0x1.2 1206=3.2x1.6 1210=3.2x2.5 1812=4.5x3.2 2225=5.6x6.5 零件封装是指实际零件焊接到电路板时所指示的外观和焊点的位置。是纯粹的空间概念因此不同的元件可共用同一零件封装，同种元件也可有不同的零件封装。像电阻，有传统的针插式，这种元件体积较大，电路板必须钻孔才能安置元school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 件，完成钻孔后，插入元件，再过锡炉或喷锡(也可手焊)，成本较高，较新的设计都是采用体积小的表面贴片式元件(SMD)这种元件不必钻孔，用钢膜将半熔状锡膏倒入电路板，再把SMD元件放上，即可焊接在电路板上了。 关于零件封装我们在前面说过，除了DEVICE。LIB库中的元件外，其它库的元件都已经有了固定的元件封装，这是因为这个库中的元件都有多种形式:以晶体管为例说明一下: 晶体管是我们常用的的元件之一，在DEVICE。LIB库中，简简单单的只有NPN与PNP之分，但实际上，如果它是NPN的2N3055那它有可能是铁壳子的TO—3，如果它是NPN的2N3054，则有可能是铁壳的TO-66或TO-5，而学用的CS9013，有TO-92A，TO-92B，还有TO-5，TO-46，TO-52等等，千变万化。还有一个就是电阻，在DEVICE库中，它也是简单地把它们称为RES1和RES2，不管它是100Ω 还是470KΩ都一样，对电路板而言，它与欧姆数根本不相关，完全是按该电阻的功率数来决定的我们选用的1/4W和甚至1/2W的电阻，都可以用AXIAL0.3元件封装，而功率数大一点的话，可用AXIAL0.4,AXIAL0.5等等。 现将常用的元件封装整理如下: 电阻类及无极性双端元件 AXIAL0.3-AXIAL1.0 无极性电容 RAD0.1-RAD0.4 有极性电容 RB.2/.4-RB.5/1.0 二极管 DIODE0.4及 DIODE0.7 石英晶体振荡器 XTAL1 晶体管、FET、UJT TO-xxx(TO-3,TO-5) 可变电阻(POT1、POT2) VR1-VR5 school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 当然，我们也可以打开C:\Client98\PCB98\library\advpcb.lib库来查找所用零件的对应封装。 这些常用的元件封装，大家最好能把它背下来，这些元件封装，大家可以把它拆分成两部分来记如电阻AXIAL0.3可拆成AXIAL和0.3，AXIAL翻译成中文就是轴状的，0.3则是该电阻在印刷电路板上的焊盘间的距离也就是300mil(因为在电机领域里，是以英制单位为主的。同样的，对于无极性的电容，RAD0.1-RAD0.4也是一样;对有极性的电容如电解电容，其封装为RB.2/.4，RB.3/.6等，其中“.2”为焊盘间距，“.4”为电容圆筒的外径。对于晶体管，那就直接看它的外形及功率，大功率的晶体管，就用TO—3，中功率的晶体管,如果是扁平的，就用TO-220，如果是金属壳的，就用TO-66，小功率的晶体管，就用TO-5，TO-46，TO-92A等都可以，反正它的管脚也长，弯一下也可以。 对于常用的集成IC电路，有DIPxx，就是双列直插的元件封装，DIP8就是双排，每排有4个引脚，两排间距离是300mil,焊盘间的距离是100mil。SIPxx就是单排的封装。等等。值得我们注意的是晶体管与可变电阻，它们的包装才是最令人头痛的，同样的包装，其管脚可不一定一样。例如，对于TO-92B之类的包装，通常是1脚为E(发射极)，而2脚有可能是B极(基极)，也可能是C(集电极);同样的，3脚有可能是C，也有可能是B，具体是那个，只有拿到了元件才能确定。因此，电路软件不敢硬性定义焊盘名称(管脚名称)，同样的，场效应管，MOS管也可以用跟晶体管一样的封装，它可以通用于三个引脚的元件。Q1-B，在PCB里，加载这种网络表的时候，就会找不到节点(对不上)。在可变电阻上也同样会出现类似的问;在原理图中，可变电阻的管脚分别为1、W、及2，所产生的网络表，就是1、2和W，在PCB电路板中，焊盘就是1，2，3。当电路中有这两种元 件时，就要修改PCB与SCH之间的差异最快的方法是在产生school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 网络表后，直接在网络表中，将晶体管管脚改为1，2，3;将可变电阻的改成与电路板元件外形一样的1，2，3即可。 电容 电容是板卡设计中必用的元件，其品质的好坏已经成为我们判断板卡质量的一个很重要的方面。 ?电容的功能和表示方法。 由两个金属极，中间夹有绝缘介质构成。电容的特性主要是隔直流通交流，因此多用于级间耦合、滤波、去耦、旁路及信号调谐。电容在电路中用“C”加数字表示，比如C8，表示在电路中编号为8的电容。 ?电容的分类。 电容按介质不同分为:气体介质电容，液体介质电容，无机固体介质电容，有机固体介质电容电解电容。按极性分为:有极性电容和无极性电容。按结构可分为:固定电容，可变电容，微调电容。 ?电容的容量。 电容容量表示能贮存电能的大小。电容对交流信号的阻碍作用称为容抗，容抗与交流信号的频率和电容量有关，容抗XC=1/2πf c (f表示交流信号的频率，C表示电容容量)。 ?电容的容量单位和耐压。 电容的基本单位是F(法)，其它单位还有:毫法(mF)、微法(uF)、纳法(nF)、皮法(pF)。由于单位F 的容量太大，所以我们看到的一般都是μF、nF、pF的单位。换算关系:1F,1000000μF，1μF=1000nF=1000000pF。 每一个电容都有它的耐压值，用V表示。一般无极电容的标称耐压值比较高有:63V、100V、160V、250V、400V、600V、1000V等。有极电容的耐压相对比较低，一般标称耐压值有:4V、6.3V、10V、16V、25V、35V、50V、63V、80V、100V、220V、400V等。 ?电容的标注方法和容量误差。 电容的标注方法分为:直标法、色标法和数标法。对于体积比较大的电容，多采用直标法。如果是0.005，表示0.005uF=5nF。如果是5n，那就表示的是5nF。 school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 数标法:一般用三位数字表示容量大小，前两位表示有效数字，第三位数字是10的多少次方。如:102表示10x10x10 PF=1000PF，203表示20x10x10x10 PF。 色标法，沿电容引线方向，用不同的颜色表示不同的数字，第一、二种环表示电容量，第三种颜色表示有效数字后零的个数(单位为pF)。颜色代表的数值为:黑=0、棕=1、红=2、橙=3、黄=4、绿=5、蓝=6、紫=7、灰=8、白=9。 电容容量误差用符号F、G、J、K、L、M来表示，允许误差分别对应为?1%、?2%、?5%、?10%、?15%、?20%。 ?电容的正负极区分和测量。 电容上面有标志的黑块为负极。在PCB上电容位置上有两个半圆，涂颜色的半圆对应的引脚为负极。也有用引脚长短来区别正负极长脚为正，短脚为负。 当我们不知道电容的正负极时，可以用万用表来测量。电容两极之间的介质并不是绝对的绝缘体，它的电阻也不是无限大，而是一个有限的数值，一般在1000兆欧以上。电容两极之间的电阻叫做绝缘电阻或漏电电阻。只有电解电容的正极接电源正(电阻挡时的黑表笔)，负端接电源负(电阻挡时的红表笔)时，电解电容的漏电流才小(漏电阻大)。反之，则电解电容的漏电流增加(漏电阻减小)。这样，我们先假定某极为“+”极，万用表选用R*100或R*1K挡，然后将假定的“+”极与万用表的黑表笔相接，另一电极与万用表的红表笔相接，记下表针停止的刻度(表针靠左阻值大)，对于数字万用表来说可以直接读出读数。然后将电容放电(两根引线碰一下)，然后两只表笔对调，重新进行测量。两次测量中，表针最后停留的位置靠左(或阻值大)的那次，黑表笔接的就是电解电容的正极。 ?电容使用的一些经验及来四个误区。 一些经验:在电路中不能确定线路的极性时，建议使用无极电解电容。通过电解电容的纹波电流不能超过其充许范围。如超过了规定值，需选用耐大纹波电流的电容。电容的工作电压不能超过其额定电压。在进行电容的焊接的时候，电烙铁应与电容的塑料外壳保持一定的距离，以防止过热造成塑料套管破裂。并且焊接时间不应超过10秒，焊接温度不应超过260摄氏度。 四个误区: ?电容容量越大越好。 很多人在电容的替换中往往爱用大容量的电容。我们知道虽然电容越大，为IC提供的电流补偿的能力越强。且不说电容容量的增大带来的体积变大，增加成本的同时还影响空气流动和散热。关键在于电容上存在寄生电感，电容放电回路会在某个频点上发生谐振。在谐振点，电容的阻抗小。因此放电回路的阻抗最小，补充能量的效果也最好。但当频率超过谐振点时，school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 放电回路的阻抗开始增加，电容提供电流能力便开始下降。电容的容值越大，谐振频率越低，电容能有效补偿电流的频率范围也越小。从保证电容提供高频电流的能力的角度来说，电容越大越好的观点是错误的，一般的电路设计中都有一个参考值的。 ?同样容量的电容，并联越多的小电容越好， 耐压值、耐温值、容值、ESR(等效电阻)等是电容的几个重要参数，对于ESR自然是越低越好。ESR与电容的容量、频率、电压、温度等都有关系。当电压固定时候，容量越大，ESR越低。在板卡设计中采用多个小电容并连多是出与PCB空间的限制，这样有的人就认为，越多的并联小电阻，ESR越低，效果越好。理论上是如此，但是要考虑到电容接脚焊点的阻抗，采用多个小电容并联，效果并不一定突出。 ?ESR越低，效果越好。 结合我们上面的提高的供电电路来说，对于输入电容来说，输入电容的容量要大一点。相对容量的，对ESR的要求可以适当的降低。因为输入电容主要是耐压，其次是吸收MOSFET的开关脉冲。对于输出电容来说，耐压的要求和容量可以适当的降低一点。ESR的要求则高一点，因为这里要保证的是足够的电流通过量。但这里要注意的是ESR并不是越低越好，低ESR电容会引起开关电路振荡。而消振电路复杂同时会导致成本的增加。板卡设计中，这里一般有一个参考值，此作为元件选用参数，避免消振电路而导致成本的增加。 ?好电容代表着高品质。 “唯电容论”曾经盛极一时，一些厂商和媒体也刻意的把这个事情做成一个卖点。在板卡设计中，电路设计水平是关键。和有的厂商可以用两相供电做出比一些厂商采用四相供电更稳定的产品一样，一味的采用高价电容，不一定能做出好产品。衡量一个产品，一定要全方位多角度的去考虑，切不可把电容的作用有意无意的夸大. school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification