潮汕方言俗称潮汕话

潮汕方言俗称潮汕话 指导老师: 小组成员:金泓，肖俊琳 【研究背景】 当前，随着社会的发展，政府在全国范围内推广普通话，许多潮汕地区的中小学生都习惯于说普通话。在我们的生活中，现象一:在商店或小卖部里，不少中小学生因无法熟悉使用潮汕话达，在买东西时与店主用普通话交流;现象二:当前潮汕地区的学生大都无法用潮汕话朗读一篇文章，甚至部分同学连一句句子都不能流利地朗读。 中小学生是潮汕方言的传承者，而当前的种种现象让人担忧，不禁提出疑问:“潮汕方言难道真的该退出历史舞台，成为逝去的历史吗,” 【活动计划】 1、 任务分工 金泓同学负责分配工作，调查资料，采访;俊琳同学负责调查资料，整合编辑。 2、 活动步骤 阶段 时间(周) 主要任务 阶段目标 一 5~9周 网上查找资料 初步了解潮汕发展的 发展历程 二 10~13周 资料筛选，实地调查了解当前社会现象 访问 三 16周 资料整合 形成报告 3、 预期成果:调研报告 表达形式:文字、图片 【研究成果】 一、 潮汕方言的发展及特点 潮汕话，又称潮州话，是全国八大方言区中闽南方言的次方言，是韩江三角洲及粤东沿海一带潮人社会的通用语言。讲潮语的人约二三千万。由于潮语属闽南advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 语系，故潮语不属于独立的方言。潮汕话是潮语的语。潮汕人的方言，也是现今全国最古远、最特殊的方言。古朴典雅，词汇丰富，语法特殊，保留古音古词古义多，语言生动又富幽默感，与其他语言很大区别。因此，引起海内外语言学家的关注，研究潮汕话的人很多，有关潮汕话的专著、字典、词典也很多。对潮汕人来说，潮汕话是维系感情的纽带，有巨大凝聚力。尤其在异域他乡。乡音相同，胜似“自己人”。 “潮音似闽”，可见潮语与闽语有渊源关系。二三千年前的春秋战国期间，中国大地已生活着夏、楚、越三大部落。这三大族群有各自的语言及风俗习惯等。但因战争、灾荒等许多原因，三大族群的语言在历史上也曾有过交融。汉元鼎年间，先后平定了位于现今浙江东南部及福建北部的东越与闽越国。由于朝廷认为此两地越民性格剽悍，不易统治管理，命军吏将此两地越族迁往现今的江苏、安徽的江淮地带。这种大规模的人口迁移，促使越、夏等各种语言发生大交融。由于闽北人口已空虚，于是赣、浙、皖人，便大量迁往闽北一带居住。晋永嘉之乱后，北方人口迁 入闽地就更多了。在这些南迁的人中，有一部 分为数百年前被强制迁往江淮的闽越族后裔， 他们又迁回原先的祖居地。由于他们在江淮地 区生活了几代人，他们迁回闽地时，所操的语 言，与他们祖先原来的语言，已有很大差异。 这些闽越人的后代，主要居住在现今福建的 东北部，他们应是日后形成闽方言的主要群 体。估计唐代闽方言已基本形成，五代或北 宋应已成熟定型。 在后来漫长的时间里，闽方言又分化为 闽北语与闽南语。闽北语的代表为福州话; 闽南语的代表为厦门话。由于闽语形成较 早，故其语音中，保留较多古汉语及中古汉 语。这种情况与南方的其它方言比较更为显著， 尤其在语音、词汇、语法等方面。如语音方面，闽南方言与古音平仄基本吻合，所以如果用闽南语吟诵唐诗或古文，会比用现今的普通话更为贴近、顺口。如“箸”、“囝”、“卵”、“鼎”、“铰”等古汉语，在现代汉语中已不用了，但闽语中仍继续使用。因此，可以说闽方言是古汉语的“活化石”。 潮语与闽南语同中有异，那么二者异在何处呢?一是潮语与泉州话比较接近;二是潮语受汉语的影响比闽南语更加明显，或者说潮语比闽南语更接近汉语;其原因可能是，福建、泉州、莆田的闽南人迁入潮汕地区后，与原居住在潮汕平原的楚越化了的中古汉语、畲族的畲语互相交融，形成了潮方言。从揭阳人口调查结果可知，宋、元、明、清各朝代迁入的人口中，福建最多，其他有来自浙江、江苏、江西、河南、山东等省。这些来自中原的北方人，与迁入的福建人语言互相交融。由于操闽南语的人占多数，故潮语是以闽南语为基础，含有各时期的古汉语及畲语的一种方言。也有人认为，潮州话比闽南话更接近汉语，是因为唐朝时被贬为潮州刺史的韩愈，治潮时着力推行汉语有关。 to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening resear y's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills:citadded and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center -uenants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product valermikind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Det what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-Tianjin-advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijingral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find expertsdocto-and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Posttion, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research educa cation and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarceforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational edue platg scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovativoperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforminch co2 潮汕各地的潮语在语音上也有差别，即各地有乡音。这应当与当地居民的祖先在福建时的原居住地有关。福建各地闽南语之间，也是有差别的。 潮汕人祖先远离烽烟战火的中原来到安定和平得多的潮汕地区，过上了较安稳的生活。而中原的战火基本上没有燃及这“世外桃源”，中原地区的一条变革也就与这一地区关系不大。在这地区居住的中原汉人，他们原来所过的生活习俗和所操用的话语也就大体保留下来。潮汕地区的“时年八节”(春节、元宵、清明、端午、中元、中秋、重阳、冬节)就是古代习俗的延续。同时，古汉语的许多特点也在潮汕话中表现出来。 潮汕方言多为潮汕地区的潮汕人所使用。潮汕地区，主要指汕头、潮州和揭阳。其实，梅州丰顺和海陆丰的一部分地区也有使用潮汕话的。 潮汕方言是现存最古老的汉语方言之一，属汉藏语系汉语语族，大方言区中属闽南方言区的一个支系，与福建的厦门、漳州话同属一支。潮汕话是南北朝唐朝的两种雅语的演变而来的。潮汕方言在语音、词汇和语法方面保存了许多古汉语特点，保留了入声韵。与普通话比较，潮汕方言有如下特点:声调共分八声(部分地方七声);有文白异读;两字连读时，前字多变调;保存了大量古汉语语词等。闽南话做为中国除了汉语外的第2大语言体系，有着不可取代的作用。目前台湾方面正大力加强对闽南话的研究以及发扬。中国的很多有名诗歌等古诗词，很多都得用闽南话来朗读，方能有压韵，节奏之美。 潮汕话因具有古汉语的特点，特别是八声读法，拟有些用普通话读起来不押韵的古文，若用潮汕话来读，会变得很押韵、琅琅上口～如《陌上桑》。 潮汕话保留古汉语八声读法的同时，也保留了大量的古词用法。如动词的“走”、“食”，相当于现代汉语的“跑”、“吃、饮”;名词的“目”、“新妇”，相当于现代汉语的“眼睛”、“媳妇”，。这些词在古汉语和潮汕话里大量使用。 对于外来人说，潮汕话都一个样，其实不然。这不单表现在同一事物在不同地区说法各异，(如“香皂”、“蝉”等)更表现在不同地区的语音特点上。 潮汕俗语:“潮州九县，县县有语。”说的是旧潮州府所属九个县，每个县的语音带有不同特点。 旧时，潮汕话以潮州府城话为标准。潮州府城话在]外地人听起来觉得很“轻”、很“软”，类似于“吴侬软语”。这与府城话中有le、ing、和weng韵母有些关系。从“关键”、“专员”、“元”等的廉洁上可感觉出来。 与潮州邻近的澄海，则以没有闭口竟尾为特点，“心”与“新”、“林”与“邻”、“侵”与“秦”同音。所以，让澄海人发“咸甜酸莶(辣)涩”就像给他们一个难题。(在这“五味”中，除“酸”之外，其它“四味”发音时均要闭口。) 潮州的西边是揭阳，揭阳话的特点是没有ing竟母eng韵母。所以，“荆”、“斤”不分，“真”、“精”合一，“因”和“英”、“精”和“英”、“精”和“成”、“逸”和“奕”同音。 在潮汕话中，还存在着与潮州城府话差别最大的潮阳(以棉城和海门为代表)话。潮汕人通常认为潮阳话最“hui”(不纯正)而潮阳人则自称自己的话显得“抑扬顿挫、铿锵有力”，说别人的话“拉铃”或“么声”。 ing anneric classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and trainological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Getechnadvanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and ive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, usingmpetitce, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Coconomic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resouradded and improve e-ogy is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product valuehat location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technols formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, wled unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, ha-veral times. IndustryTangshan area, targeted investment promotion se-Tianjin-advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijingdoctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts-her education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Postin higfessionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development d meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health pro3 潮阳话的最大特点是只有七声调，(阴去和阳上合一)且多为低调和隆调。听起来，让人觉得大声、重浊。由此，潮阳话里，“讽”与“凤”、“帝”与“弟”、“世”与“是”“训”与“混”同音，而说话的声调与方式也明显与众不同。 潮汕俗语:“好甲潮州人相骂，孬甲潮阳人咀话。”这虽是戏谑，却也真实反映出两种语的特点。潮州人即使吵嘴也声音不大，语言不重，而潮阳人平常说话也要像与人吵嘴一样，声响、语重。 独特、有趣，这就是我们的潮汕方言。 因为潮汕方言保留了两汉六朝时期的不少语音特点，甚至保留了秦汉以前的一些语音遗迹。而它所保留的这些古汉语语音的特点，是古汉语的活化石，是研究汉语语音史的宝贵，同时也是解开许多兄弟方言语音特点之谜的宝贵材料。 在潮汕地区就有不少关于潮语方面的书籍，潮剧等其他文化也是建立在潮汕话的基础之上，发展壮大的，可见潮汕方言的博大精深。 tion, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research educa cation and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarceforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational edue platg scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovativoperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforminch coto catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening resear y's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills:citadded and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center -uenants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product valermikind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Det what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-Tianjin-advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijingral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find expertsdocto-and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post4 二、 当前潮汕方言的发展前景 近期，在我市多场关于潮汕文化的活动中，不少从事潮汕历史文化研究的专家学者以及文化界人士都反复提到一个问题:潮汕方言的萎缩问题～在国内不少方言地区发出“拯救方言”的呼吁的大背景下，潮汕方言的萎缩以及如何保护和发展潮汕话的问题日益受到关心潮汕文化的各界人士的广泛关注。 〖潮汕方言日渐萎缩〗 上海大学中文系教授、上海语言研究中心副主任钱乃荣不久前在接受中国《新闻周刊》杂志采访时说，“一方地域的语言文化是自己一方水土独自的创造，是对人类多元文化的一己贡献。捍卫文化的多样性与尊重人的尊严是密不可分的„„一种方言不能顺其自然发展而受到限制，地方特色就会消失，地方文化也会萎缩。” 有关专家认为潮汕方言萎缩的事实是显而易见的，它主要表现在几个方面:一是使用空间缩小。书面语环境没有它;正式场合使用越来越少;学校的教育己全面推广普通话(即使是带严重口音的普通话)，而且在学校教育中即使是所谓的“两语教育”指的却是普通话和英语，在推广的地位上，本地方言尚不及英语。这导致潮汕话的话语空间越来越小，方言只能够在越来越小的范围内使用。二是使用人数减少。由于使用的空间缩小，潮汕话使用的频率在减少，使用的人数也在减少，特别是年轻一代的汕头人甚至说不好潮汕话。说许多汕头的年轻人不会说潮汕话并非危言耸听，汕头广播电视台近年来多次向社会招考潮汕话的播音员、主持人，可结果总是不尽如人意，许多的年轻的汕头人无法用潮汕话进行流利的表达，或语言不标准，或结结巴巴，或在表达中需“夹生”使用普通话，这就更别提熟悉运用潮汕话的谚语、俚话，把潮汕话讲得精彩了～难怪十多年来，汕头广播电视系统有这么一种说法:普通话主持人易找，潮汕话播音员难寻～三是潮汕话的词汇日渐贫乏。这也是方言萎缩最明显的表现之一，作为一种有着自己完整的语音、词汇、语法的独立语言体系，一方面潮汕话许多原来契合潮汕民俗风情，也凝聚了潮汕人的智慧和哲理的谚语、俚语逐渐远离了人们的日常生活，甚至许多年轻一代的汕头人已听不懂;另一方面，潮汕话近几年来鲜有新鲜的词汇涌现，语言的活力明显不足，方言较之被规范化的普通话，鲜活的特点和优势在逐步丧失。 〖保护方言刻不容缓〗 有专家认为，方言代表的是中国多元化的地域文化，体现了中国最基本的语言环境。方言濒危，折射出中国地域文化在城市工业文明面前日渐萎缩的现状。 为此，中国教育部语言文字应用管理司司长杨光在2004年7月25日第89届国际世界语大会上郑重地说，中国是一个多民族、多语言、多方言的发展中国家，中国政府已经并将继续保护和发展少数民族语言和地方方言。„„中国政府将更加重视维护语言多样性，继续坚持民族语言一律平等的政策。„„尽管不少方言彼此之间不能沟通，但是方言具有相当的使用价值和文化价值。 neric classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and trainological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Getechnadvanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and ive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, usingmpetitce, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Coconomic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resouradded and improve e-ogy is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product valuehat location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technols formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, wled unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, ha-veral times. IndustryTangshan area, targeted investment promotion se-Tianjin-advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijingdoctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts-her education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Postin higfessionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development d meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health proing an5 不容置疑的是，方言不仅是地方文化的重要内容，而且还是地方文化的重要载体，甚至是许多地方文化的基础。上海大学中文系教授、上海语言研究中心副主任钱乃荣指出:“要真正做到平等对待一切语言，就要让方言文化自由开展起来，与普通话双轨同行。尊重方言，在传媒和文娱演出、电视节目上适当开放方言的空间。上海开埠后100年的方言发展史，不但产生了胡适认为艺术成就超过《红楼梦》的吴语小说《海上花列传》等大量方言小说曲艺，而且在上海集中传入、诞生和迅速成熟了诸如沪剧、上海说唱、滑稽剧、越剧、锡剧、甬剧、淮剧、扬剧、苏州评弹、评书、浦东说书等那么万紫千红的方言戏曲。” 汕头的地方文艺何尝不是如此～潮剧、潮州歌册、潮语小品、潮语歌曲等等都是建立在潮汕方言之上的。“皮之不存，毛之焉附”，方言的萎缩其实严重地威胁到了地方文化的传承和发展。 同时，方言作为一种媒介，还是人与故土、人与地方本土文化之间割舍不断的无形的纽带，没有方言的熏陶，不仅会丢失本土文化的精髓，而且还会让人与生长的故土产生疏离感。事实证明，那些在海外的不会讲潮汕话的潮人后代对故土家乡的感情正日渐淡化，远不及他们的操着潮汕话的祖辈们那么挚热那么真诚。毕竟，山水和语言都是我们热爱的家乡的不可分割的一部分。 作为母语，汕头人没有理由患母语的失语症～不少专家学者认为，应通过一定的载体和平台来展示潮汕话的语言魅力，让年轻一代的汕头人接受它、喜欢它，从而丰富它、发展它。 〖潮汕方言也要推广〗 方言是一种自然状态下产生的语言，天生具有普通话无法比拟的生动性和活力。而且普通话的发展必须紧紧依靠从历史悠久的方言中不断吸收补充生动的词汇来实现的，这是为语言学专家所公认的。所以，人们不难发现，近几年来，那些被称为“引车卖浆者言”的方言因其生动性不少正悄悄地登上了大雅之堂，以赵本山小品为代表的东北方言红极一时，在中央电视台春节联欢晚会上连续“忽悠”了三年，观众还意犹未尽;冯小刚的电影之所以屡创票房纪录，一个关键的因素就是幽默风趣的语言，而那些生动的语言大多是北京方言，而不是标准的普通话;广东电视台系列短剧《外地媳妇本地郎》也正是凭着粤语的优势长盛不衰;而近两年来，我国不少方言地区的地方电视台都推出了以社会新闻为主要报道内容的方言新闻节目，结果都大受欢迎。由此可见，方言有其广阔的应用舞台，人民群众也需要方言～ 长期以来，不少人会将推广普通话与方言对立起来，甚至有的人认为，汕头人讲潮汕话“排外”。其实这种观点十分片面，如今越来越多的专家学者认为，方言与普通话两者之间并不矛盾，都有各自存在的必要性。排不排外主要是一种态度、是一种胸怀～普通话对于南方方言地区的居民来说，无疑是一种十分难以掌握的语言，即使在北京、在北方地区，普通话水平尚有几级几等之分，央视名嘴崔永元、王小丫、白岩松、李迦明等等尚且被专家认为普通话不标准，何况广东人呢,但广东人却以开放的姿态和海纳百川的心胸真诚地接受普通话，不过即使如此，在清末就有“天不怕、地不怕、就怕广东人讲官话”之说，而改革开放之后，广东人说普通话也经常成为影视剧、相声、小品等文艺节目取笑的对象。 operation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforminch coto catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening resear y's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills:citadded and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center -uenants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product valermikind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Det what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-Tianjin-advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijingral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find expertsdocto-and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Posttion, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research educa cation and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarceforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational edue platg scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovativ6 但广东人仍坚持说普通话，这绝对不是一种“排外”的胸襟～汕头人到北京创业，北京人都将北京方言，汕头人不会认为北京人“排外”;内地人到香港，香港人都讲粤语方言，内地人不会认为香港人“排外”;中国人到美国，美国人全讲英语，中国人不会认为美国人“排外”;外地人到了汕头，看到汕头人讲潮汕话，何以就见得汕头人“排外”呢, 杭州市一项关于方言的调查显示，在不会讲杭州话的外地人中，有53.6,的人认为自己是因为“没有机会学”才不会讲杭州方言。由此可见，主动地融入地方文化，也是外来人员应该采取的积极态度，这也是对地方传统和历史文化的尊重。而杭州市的另一项调查也表明，杭州电视媒体两个用杭州话播出的新闻节目《阿六头说新闻》和《我和你说》开播后，有不少在杭州工作的外地人认为:“虽然他们是方言中心区的非方言说者，但他们在日常生活中随时遇到方言的困扰，运用方言的节目形成了一定的方言文化空间和文化语境，潜移默化地影响他们对地方语言的认可和接受，也让非方言说者在增长方言知识的同时领会到更多的方言新闻的乐趣和文化内涵，有利于他们弱化疏离感，增强归属感，更好地融入生活。” 也许，为更多的外来人员学习掌握地方方言创造条件才是一种开放的姿态;只让他们听懂普通话，却不让他们学习潮汕话，让他们永远游离于本地文化之外，那才是真正地排外了～ 北京潮人海外联谊会副会长就写过这样一篇文章: 《潮汕方言如何更好传承下去》 记得去年汕头的媒体曾刊登一篇短文～谈到潮汕方言日渐萎缩且有走向消亡的趋势。我当时半信半疑～认为在外省或海外有这个可能性。在本乡本土怎么会呢,最近回到汕头调查了一下～果然确有其事。看来某些有识之士的隐忧并非多余。 据了解～目前潮汕地区不少青少年说潮语已不太顺畅～许多年轻夫妇在家里也不屑用潮语、而改用普通话和孩子交谈。他们的理由是:这样做才保证孩子的普通话说得纯正～还能使孩子的写作能力不受潮语的影响而得到提高。 面对上述现象和似是而非的看法～出于对家乡的热爱之情～我想借用贵报一点篇幅～谈谈个人的观点和意见以就教于广大乡亲。 一、怎样认识推广普通话问题。推广普通话可以说是我们的一项国策～人人拥护。现在随着我国政治、经济、文化、教育的空前发展～普通话也空前地普及～这是件大好事。但是推广普通话并非严格地要求每个人的发音都要完全合乎标准。有些人从事的职业确实有此要求～例如:语文教师、播音员、节目主持人、影视演员、话剧演员～等等。除此之外～众多的人说普通话～无非是互相了解话意～达到互相交流就是了。目前在北京的潮汕人～数以万计～他们往往把“飞机”念成“灰鸡”～把“赚钱”说成“撞墙”～把“电讯”说成“电信”……～但是这些并不妨碍他们成为首都商战竞争中的佼佼者～甚至不妨碍他们当中有些人找对象、谈婚论嫁、落地生根。可见～作为个人来说～应尽量争取把普通话说准说好～但事业的成功并非单靠语言～而要具备其它更多的重要条件。 neric classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and trainological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Getechnadvanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and ive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, usingmpetitce, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Coconomic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resouradded and improve e-ogy is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product valuehat location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technols formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, wled unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, ha-veral times. IndustryTangshan area, targeted investment promotion se-Tianjin-advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijingdoctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts-her education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Postin higfessionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development d meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health proing an7 二、讲潮汕话会影响孩子们的普通话发音吗,不错～潮汕人说普通话有许多字音咬不准、分不清～但这是由于过去未大力推广普通话～许多人没有在学校接受正规的语言训练～成年后语音定型～较难改变口音所致。目前本地学生从幼儿园、小学到中学～都接受普通话训练～何愁说不准呢,如果回家后还硬性要求他们和父母、“公妈”要说普通话～而父母、“公妈”的普通话不见得合乎标准～这岂不是帮倒忙吗,其实一个人小时候多学一两种语言～对他的大脑语言区的开发发展只有好处。不少人能说好几种语言～没听他们说过“语言之间会互相影响”的事～客观的实践的科学的结论还是有说服力的。 三、“说潮汕话会影响学生的写作能力”。这是完全不沾边的偏见。学生的写作能力靠的是多读多写～积累丰富的知识、词汇～掌握正确的语法修辞方法。他们动笔时用的是书面语～与日常生活中的潮汕口语毫不相干～怎么能说“影响”呢,潮汕近现代的许多文化界知名人士～如杜国庠、梅益、秦牧、郭启宏等～他们都是成年后带着浓厚的“潮音”走南串北～却丝毫不妨碍他们成为国家级的文化精英。如果再推及古代～我想明朝的林大钦念书时一定用的是潮州话～上京考试时官话恐怕也说不太好～可是他依然中了状元。可见“潮汕话对写作起坏影响”的说法是站不住脚的。 说来说去～究其根源～我看还是由于某些乡亲在下列认识上存上误区: 一、他们把推广普通话和传承家乡方言对立起来。其实方言的存在何止我们潮汕一地～国家并没有要求各地缩小或取消方言～广东、福建、上海以及香港、澳门等地的电台、电视台一直用双语播音～说明方言的存在有其社会作用与意义～这不是任何人的主观意志所能否定的。 二、他们对潮汕方言的历史地位、社会价值和现实作用认识不够～误以为潮汕话越来越不重要～迟早被普通话所代替而消亡～从而不自觉地产生一种“语言自卑感”。这是错误的、有害的观点。其实潮汕方言是正宗的汉民族语言～它还是至今遗存的、罕见的古汉语“活化石”～在语言学研究上有着重大的价值。它是潮汕文化的主要载体～是中华民族文化园圃中的一朵奇葩。以它为载体的潮剧、潮州歌册、话剧、歌谣、谚语、小品、灯谜、故事等等～无不闪烁着我们潮人的聪明才智～值得我们引以自豪。而以它为重要纽带～联系着海内外,,,,多万潮人乡亲的骨肉亲情～更是我们潮汕民系的一个特点和优点。遍布五湖四海的潮商凭借“乡音”拉近了距离～获取到商机的例子～不胜枚举。凡上种种～外人赞羡不已～我们自家反而视而不见～甚至自卑～岂不令人讶叹～惋惜: 最后～我建议贵报及家乡各媒体进一步重视这一问题～加强有关的宣传、引导工作～使潮汕文化建议工作开展得更好。 在调查中我们也发现，在“是否重视孩子对潮汕话的掌握与应用”这一调查问题中，约有31%的家长选择“否”。同时他们也对我们的调查感到疑惑不解。部分家长并不重视孩子对潮汕方言的掌握，在他们的意识中，孩子生活在潮汕地区，即使不教其潮汕话，在生活学习中，孩子也会随着与人接触交流，学会潮汕话。而普通话是使用的标准语言，应该重点掌握。因此在教育过程中，注重普通话，往往忽视了潮汕话的学习。然而他们也未意识到在他们的孩子熟练掌握普通话的同时，对部分潮汕话已经开始出现遗忘。 e platg scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovativoperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforminch coto catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening resear y's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills:citadded and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center -uenants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product valermikind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Det what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-Tianjin-advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijingral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find expertsdocto-and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Posttion, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research educa cation and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarceforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational edu8 这是调查中对于家长是否意识到孩子熟 练掌握普通话的同时，对部分潮汕话已有所发现 没有发现经开始出现遗忘整理得出的。“有所发 未注意现”占13.3%，“没有发现”占31.6%， “未注意”占55.1%。可见多数家长对 孩子的语言掌握不够重视。 并且，在学生当中，部分学生有意识到这一现象，却已经感到习惯，并不重视。这也是间接导致潮汕方言日渐萎缩，渐渐走向消亡边缘的原因。 当前，电视台，广播等媒体也纷纷重视潮汕话恢复与发展。汕头电视台的“今日视线”栏目，主持人许友文，陈维斯用潮汕话报道本地新闻。并且《今日视线》栏目是汕头市最有影响力的民生栏目，也是最具有标志性的新闻栏目之一，开始播放于2005年9月19日，是国内新闻栏目中比较年轻的一类民生栏目，收视率在全国同等新闻栏目中名列前茅。这是潮汕人民保护发展潮汕话的一种方式，也渐渐引起了社会对潮汕话的重视„„ 【研究】 ive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, usingmpetitce, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Coconomic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resouradded and improve e-ogy is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product valuehat location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technols formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, wled unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, ha-veral times. IndustryTangshan area, targeted investment promotion se-Tianjin-advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijingdoctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts-her education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Postin higfessionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development d meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health proing anneric classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and trainological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Getechnadvanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and 9