信件

null英语应用文写作 （书信）英语应用文写作 （书信）null 书信是日常生活中常用的文体，是用以交涉事宜、 传达信息、交流思想、联络感情、增进了解的重要 工具。英文书信分为两大类：私人信件和公务信件。 私人信件是指亲戚朋友之间的通信。这两类书 信各有自己的格式。一般说来，私人信件不拘形 式，信文多用手写，也可打印； 公务信件是单位与单位或单位与个人之间来往的 书信，可能是推荐信、求职信、入学申请书、邀请 信，或询问、答复、反映意见（如投诉信）等的信 件。公务信件要求比较严格，必须遵循一定的格式。 英语书信的结构：英语书信的结构：英文书信通常包括6个组成部分： 信头（heading，包括寄信人地址和日期); 信内地址（inside address，指收信人地址); 称呼（salutation）; 正文（body）; 结束语（complimentary）; 签名（signature）; 有时候还包括附言（postscript）和 附件（attachment）。 在考试中，由于篇幅所限，只要求考生在书信中包 括称呼、正文、结束语和签名四个部分。null1. 信头（Heading） 　信头是指发信人的地址和日期，通常写在第一页 的右上角。行首可以齐头写，也可以逐行缩进写。 地址的书写顺序由小到大：门牌号、街道、城市、 省（州）、邮编、国名，最后写发信日期。私人信 件一般只写寄信日期即可。例如： 　　123 Tianhe Road 　　Tianhe District 　　Guangzhou 510620 　　Guangdong Province 　　P. R. C. 　　March 15, 2002 null 发信日期的写法： ① 年份应完全写出，不能简写。 ② 月份要用英文名称，不要用数字代替。 ③ 月份名称多用公认的缩写式。但 May, June, July, 因为较短，不可缩写。 ④ 写日期时，可用基数词1，2，3，4，5，……28，29， 30，31等，也可用序数词 lst, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, ……28th, 29th, 30th, 31st等。但最好用基数 词，简单明了。 日期可有下列几种写法： ① Oct. 20, 2004； ② 10 May., 2004； ③ 3rd June, 2004； ④ Sept. 16th, 2004。其中，①最为通用。null2. 信内地址（Inside Address） 信内地址要写收信人的姓名和地址。在公 务信件中要写明这一项，在私人信件中，这 一项常常省略。该项写在写信日期下一行的 左上角，格式与寄信人地址一样。 null3 .称呼（Salutation） 称呼是对收信人的称谓，应与左边线对齐，写在收信人姓名、地址下面1-2行处。在称呼后，英国人常用逗号，美国人则常用冒号。在私人信件中可直呼收信人的名字，但公务信件中一定要写收信人的姓。大部分信件在称呼前加“Dear”。如： 　　Dear Professor/Prof. Bergen: 　　Dear Dr. Johnson, 对不相识的人可按性别称呼： 　　Dear Sir: 或Dear Madam: Dear Ladies。 　　如果不知收信人的性别则可用Dear Sir or Madam:null3. 信的正文（Body of the Letter） 正文是书信的主体。与中文信件不同的是，英文书信的 正文的开头不是先写一些问候语，再阐明写信的目的，而是 直接说明写信人的身份及写信的目的，然后提出写信人的情 况、想法或要求，并加以必要的解释或说明。英文书信陈述 目的时，应该直截了当，意思明确，层次清楚，言简意赅。 书信正文的第一句话或第一段，通常被称为起首语。一般 说来，人们习惯用一些客套的写法作为书信正文的起始，即 先将对方来信的日期、主题加以简单描述，以便使对方一看 便知该信是回答哪一封信的。如果是第一次给别人写信，也 可用开头语作必要的自我介绍，并表明自己写信的主要目的。 null 正文写作格式： 正文的写作格式主要有英式和美式两种。 1)英式结构即缩进式结构，属于比较传统的结构,即每一段 的第一行都向里缩进4-8个字符，且所有段落的缩进距离必须 保持一致；称呼顶格写，落款则在中间偏右的位置。 2) 美式结构则是齐头式结构，其特点是所有段落的第一行 都顶格写，段与段之间空一行，另外称呼、落款等也都顶格 写。 商业信函以及电子邮件最好使用齐头式。null 缩进式： Dear Kate,    I wonder if you can lend me your MLA Handbook for Academic Writing. I am in the process of writing my graduation thesis, and need to consult the book now and then for standard formatting. Thus I might need to keep the book for about a month and a half, and I hope that would not bring any inconvenience to you. I assure you that I will maintain the book in good condition. If possible, please give me a call and I will come by your house to pick up the book. Thanks a lot.  Yours,  Judynull齐头式： Dear Kate, I wonder if you can lend me your MLA Handbook for Academic Writing. I am in the process of writing my graduation thesis, and need to consult the book now and then for standard formatting. Thus I might need to keep the book for about a month and a half, and I hope that would not bring any inconvenience to you. I assure you that I will maintain the book in good condition. If possible, please give me a call and I will come by your house to pick up the book. Thanks a lot. Yours, Judynull4.结束语（Complimentary Close） 公务信件的结尾礼词包含两部分：发信人的结尾套语与署 名。结尾套语写在签名上面一行，第一个字母要大写，套语 结尾后面要加逗号。 在公务信件中，发信人常用的结尾套语有：Truly yours,  Yours truly,  Respectfully yours,  Yours  respectfully,  Faithfully yours,  Yours faithfully,  Sincerely  yours,  Yours sincerely  Yours truly, Yours 等。 私人信件中，发信人常用的结尾套语有： Sincerely yours, Lovely yours, Your lovely, Your loving son / daughter等。 null5. 签名（Signature） 写信人的签名常位于结尾礼词正下方一二 行。除非是给很熟悉的人写信，签名一般须 写出全名。签名常常较潦草，不易辨认，因 此在签名的正下方须打印出全名。 各种信函类型: 各种信函类型:一、 邀请信 (A Letter of Invitation) (一) 邀请信的种类 英文邀请信可分为两种。一种是请柬(invitation card)，这 是一种正规的邀请信，格式严谨而固定，一般适用于较庄重 严肃的场合。另一种是一般的邀请信，适用于一些平常的事 情的邀请，通常邀请人同被邀请人之间比较熟悉，这种邀请 信具有简短、热情的特点。 （二）邀请信的写法 1.活动名称及目的 写明邀请对方参加什么活动，以及邀请的原因和目的等。 2.活动细节及注意事项 写明活动安排的细节及需要告诉对方的注意事项。诸如时 间、地点、参加人员、人数，需要做些什么样的准备以及需 要穿着什么的服饰。要求穿礼服时，须在请柬的右下角注明 dress：formal；较随意时可用：dress：informal。nullDear Mr. Harrison: 　Our new factory will be commencing production on [April 10] and we should like to invite [you and your wife] to be present at a celebration to mark the occasion. 　As you will appreciate this is an important milestone for this organization, and is the result of continued demand for our products, both at home and overseas. We are inviting all those individuals and trust that you will pay us the compliments of accepting. 　Please confirm that you will be able to attend by advising us of your time —— we can arrange for you to be met. All arrangements for your stay [overnight on April 10] will, of course, be made by us at our expense. 　 Yours sincerely, Li Ming 　 null Dear Snoopy, 　　I am greatly honored to formally invite you to participate in Mr. Guo Jing’s wedding ceremony with Ms. Fujiwora to be held at Beijing Grand Hotel from 8 to 10 p.m. on April 1, 2008. 　　As you are a close friend of us, we would very much like you to attend the celebration and share our joy. The occasion will start at seven o’clock in the evening, with the showing of their wedding ceremony. This will be followed by a dinner party. At around ten, we will hold a small musical soiree, at which a band will perform some works by Bach and Strauss. 　　If you do not have any prior appointment on April 1, we look forward to the pleasure of your company. 　　 Yours sincerely, Li Ming null常用开头用语 I am writing to invite you to… I would like to see your presence at…  I think it would be a good idea if you could participate in… I wonder if you could come… I would like you to come…   How would you like to join us in…? 常用结尾用语   My family and I would feel honored if you could come. We would be looking forward to your participation in the party.  I would like to meet you there and please let me know your decision.  I really hope you can make it.　 Would you please drop me a line to let me know if you can come?    null邀请信的回复 邀请信的复信要求简明扼要，在书写时应注意以下几点： 1 接受邀请的复信中应重复写上邀请信中的某些内容，如 邀请年、月、日，星期几、几点钟等，如"I’ll be delighted to attend your luncheon next Friday, May the fifth, at twelve o’clock.“。 2 邀请信的复信中应明确表明接受邀请还是不接受邀请， 不能含乎其词，如不能写“I’ll come if I’m in town. ”这类的 话，以使得对方无法作出安排。在接受邀请的复信中，应对 受到邀请表示高兴。谢却的复信中应阐明不能应邀的原由。 二 申请信 (A Letter of Application)二 申请信 (A Letter of Application) 申请信主要用于求职或求学,目的是要对方充分了 解自己的目的和资格.因此,申请信必须简明扼要,突 出重点.申请信可以是针对招聘广告写的,也可以市 直接递交给某个单位的.申请信要求语言规范,信息 正式,既不能夸张,也不必过于谦虚.申请信的结构一 般包括:申请目标,自述理由,介绍资格,请求面试和 期待回音等. 语言注意点申请信开篇应点明主题， 语言简练。接着说明做此申请的原因，即自己所具 备的申请条件，这一部分需重点明确，论述充分。 最后请求回复并表示感谢时，应采用礼貌、诚恳的 措辞。null这类信件的主要结构是: 1) 说明写作目的表明想要获得什么工作或学位，介绍自 己，为什么写信若是应聘工作则还需说明何时何地从哪里获 得该职位的招聘信息（对公司评估广告效应非常重要)所有这 些可以用一句话概括 2) 介绍相关工作经历及本人个性，以表明你可以胜任这个 职位包括教育背景、工作经历、个人能力及成就还可根据情 况简单介绍个人爱好和兴趣注意：所有这些内容均应与应聘 工作或学位有关系介绍背景时，选词遣字既不过分渲染，又 不过分谦虚要给人留下既充满信心又态度诚恳的印象 3) 表示感谢和期待，恳请招聘单位对自己的申请给予优先 考虑，留下联络方式及对对方表示感谢 null范文： Dear Mr. Moore, I would like to express my interest in your recently advertised position for a waitress. I am enclosing my resume, which further details my previous work experience and qualifications. Not only do I have the qualifications and work experience for this job, but I also have the right personality for a waitress. I am a friendly person who can quickly establish a rapport with people of all ages. The fast-paced environment of waiting on tables suits me, because I enjoy working under pressure. My former boss was surprised at my efficiency in dealing with customers’ orders. I hope to meet with you to discuss the possibility of working at your restaurant. I can be reached at 4639234 during the days and 924,6868 after 6 p.m. Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to you in the near future. Yours sincerely Li Ming nullDear Sirs, I am interested in attending your college to prepare myself for a career in teaching, probably at the secondary level, and would like take the chance to talk with you about certification requirements and the programs open to me at Open University. As my two children (aged four and six) still require considerable attention, I am not free at present to attend school on a full-time basis. However, I would like to begin as soon as possible if a part-time program can be arranged. I am a graduate of London University, class of 1996, where I majored in English and minored in mathematics. My choice of teaching filed would probably be one of these two subjects. Enclosed is a resume of my background and experience. I will call your office in a few days for an appointment. Faithfully yours, Jane null常见求职及申请信的导语句型： I am writing to apply for ... I wish to apply for the post mentioned in your advertisement in Beijing Daily of March 21. I am writing to express my interest in ... 　　 I am writing to formally request ... I should like to apply for the job advertised in yesterday’s newspaper. Your advertisement for a sale manager in … has impressed me. I feel I can fill that vacancy … The requirements outlined in your advertisement makes me confident that I am qualified for the position. I am writing in response to your advertisement for the position of … It is with considerable interest that I enclose my resume in response to your … advertisement for a Human Resources Manager. null 表示信心、能力或兴趣的方式： I feel that similar contributions might be made to your firm as well. I feel that, with my overall qua1ifications and desire, I could contribute significantly to your company. I feel that I can make a strong contribution to your company. I would appear to have excellent qualifications for this position ... I feel confident that I can provide the kind of leadership that you are seeking for. I am convinced that my interest together with my academic background and working experiences will make me better qualified in applying a course of a higher level. null在信尾表达进一步联系的愿望，表示感谢的方式： After you have reviewed the enclosed curriculum vitae, I would appreciate an opportunity to discuss how I may contribute to your department. I would be pleased to have the opportunity to interview with ... I would appreciate the opportunity to discuss how I might further contribute to your ... Thank you again and I look forward to hearing from you shortly. I am very interested in this position and would appreciate the opportunity to further discuss during a face-to-face interview. Thank you for you consideration. Thank you again and I am looking forward to hearing from you. I would appreciate it if you could contact me as soon as possible. If there is anything further I could add to a review of my qualifications or goals, please do not hesitate to call. I hope to hear from you soon.　三、询问信 (A Letter of Inquiry) 三、询问信 (A Letter of Inquiry) 询问信的主要目的是寻求所需信息，通常包括以下几个 方面的内容：首先表明写作意图，说明写这封信的目的是 要寻求什么样的信息；然后就某一具体问题进行询问；最 后表明获取信息的急切心情，可以提供联系方式以便收信 人与你联系，并表达你的感谢之情。 提示：询问信的语气通常比较正式、和缓，要充分表达 感激之情。同时，相比较语气直接的疑问句，用一些能够 起到提问作用的陈述句更佳。 null具体写作步骤： 　首段：简单叙述题目场景，说明写作意图，清楚表明 写这封信的目的是要寻求什么样的信息。 　主体段落：询问具体问题。可以问一些与命题所设置 的问题相关的内容，但这些问题必须是与题目本身要求 获取的信息是有相关性的。考生也可以自己认为比较重 要的问题单独列一个段落，将其内容细化。考生可以根 据虚拟的自身情况提出相关的问题。 　结尾段：表明急切获取信息的心情，提供联系方式以 便收信人与你联络，对收信人所能给予的任何帮助都要 表示感谢，即使你知道这些帮助是收信人应该做的。 　在写咨询信时特别要注意使用句式的选择，在询问问 题时要使用“Would you please tell me……”之类的正式 疑问句式。 null必背模版句型 I wonder if you could tell me the information about…… I am writing for the information about…… I would be forever grateful if you could send me information concerning…… I would like to know whether you can provide me with information regarding…… I wish to request materials for…… I’d very much appreciate your advice on such matters as how to contact the officers who would be willing to assist…… Would you be so kind to tell me……？ I look forward to your immediate response. Your attention to this letter would be highly appreciated. I am waiting for your quick reply. Thank you in advance for your cooperation/assistance. I am writing to ask for information about. 　　nullDear Sir or Madam， 　I have talked to the Sunshine Travel Agency about their vacation package，which includes for $158.00 round trip air fare to San Diego，plus accommodations for four days and three nights at the Glorious Hotel，and one day’s use of a rental car with unlimited mileage. Therefore，I would be grateful if you could supply me with the following information. 　Please let me know whether you do indeed have such an arrangement with budget traveling of San Diego，the tour promoter. Are there any surcharges or time restrictions？ We are tentatively planning to take our vacation in early June. 　Thank you in advance for your assistance and hope to hear from you soon. 　　 Yours truly， 　 　Diana Moore　四、 投诉信  (A Letter of Complaint)四、 投诉信  (A Letter of Complaint) 在人们的生活中经常会发生一些事情，比如消费利益受损、正常生活和工 作受到干扰等等令人伤脑筋的事情，有时写封投诉信不失为一个解决的办 法。 投诉信通常包括以下几个方面的内容：说明投诉的原因并表示遗憾；实 事求是地阐述问题发生的经过，切记不要夸大其词；指出问题引起的后 果；提出批评及处理的意见或敦促对方采取措施或者提出所希望的赔偿以 及补救方式。 投诉信的结构 （1）开头：自我介绍，交代投诉内容，表明本信的目的和要求。 （2）正文：说明情况，讲清利害，分析利弊。告诉对方你因此受到的伤害 或不便，提出解决问题的建议，表明希望如何处理。 （3）结尾：表达希望问题得到迅速恰当解决的强烈愿望，希望尽快得到满 意的答复。 nullDear Sir or Madam,   It was somewhat irritating to find that the English-Chinese dictionary you sent to me on Dec. 13th, 2009 was totally unacceptable. The dictionary was a great disappointment, for when it arrived, it was far behind the date you promised to send it to me. Besides, the wrappings looked worn and dirty. And more surprisingly, when I opened the dictionary, I found more than 20 pages of it missing (p.123 to p. 136). I'd be grateful if you could send me a replacement and refund my postage (state amount). I really appreciate your help. Yours faithfully,                                                       Li Mingnull投诉信常用语 1) 有礼貌地说明所犯错误或指出问题 1.I am writing to complain about--- 2.I write to express my concern/dissatisfaction about 3.I would like to express my disappointment about--- 4.We have received your (invoice/consignment) 5.With reference to your invoice of--- I must point out--- 6.According to---, the correct figure is--- 7.On checking the goods, we discovered that 200 radios were missing. 8.Your invoice states that the consignment contains radios, but in fact ...null2) 要求对方采取措施 1. I will appreciate anything you can do to help me 2. I trust you will take my complaint seriously. 3. I would, however, be perfectly satisfied if you would kindly replace the item or refund my money, whichever is more convenient. 4.We should be obliged if you could investigate these matters. 5.We should be thankful if you could give us a refund for the faulty goods. 6.We shall appreciate very much if you could replace the damaged goods by Tuesday. 3) 期盼对方回复 1. I look forward to hearing from you soon. 2. I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience. 3. I look forward to your early reply.五、道歉信 (A Letter of Apology) 五、道歉信 (A Letter of Apology) 我们在工作或生活中，有时难免会犯一些错误， 写封致歉信就显得很有必要。道歉信通常包括以下 内容：表示歉意；道歉的原由；出现差错的原因; 提 出弥补措施；请求原谅。写道歉信的语言要诚挚, 解 释的理由要真实，不要显出丝毫的虚情假意。 好的 道歉信不仅会取得对方的谅解，还会增进彼此的感情。 写作“三步走”：表示歉意->说明具体原因、提出补 救办法->再次致歉、希望得到理解. 提示：在写作过程中，尽可能提供比较合理的理由。 如果违反生活常识将导致扣分；在解释完原因后，尽量 提供一个合适的补救办法，使行文更加完满。 null常用语： 　Thank you for your invitation to dinner at your home tomorrow evening. Unfortunately, it is much to my regret that I cannot. 　I feel terribly sorry for missing the chance of. 　Is it possible for you and me to have a private meeting afterwards? 　If so, please don't hesitate to drop me a call about your preferable date. 　Please allow me to say sorry again. nullDirections: 　 You are invited to a dinner at a friend's house, but you are not able to attend because of the preparation for a coming examination. Write a letter to your friends to express your apology, explain your reason, and suggest a meeting at another time。 null Dear Anne, Thank you for your invitation to dinner at your home tomorrow evening. Unfortunately, it is much to my regret that I cannot join you and your family, because I will be fully occupied then for an important exam coming the day after tomorrow. I feel terribly sorry for missing the chance of such a happy get-together, and I hope that all of you enjoy a good time. Is it possible for you and me to have a private meeting afterward? If so, please don‘t hesitate to drop me a line about your preferable date. I do long for a pleasant chat with you。 Please allow me to say sorry again。 Regards, Li Ming 六、 感谢信 (A Letter of Thanks)六、 感谢信 (A Letter of Thanks) 英文感谢信是商务信函中经常出现的题材。在商 务交往中，如果受到邀请，得到对方的照顾提携， 或是得到了他人的帮助、推荐、介绍后最好去封感 谢信表达真诚的谢意。 感谢信通常应一事一谢，篇幅要注意简短，措词要 自然，语气要诚恳。 感谢信的开头应简述写感谢信的目的。 感谢信的主要部分，应特别指出由于对方的帮 助，使自己所得到的益处。 感谢信的最后有时可再次表达感谢之意，也可表 达希望继续合作、保持联络的愿望或有机会报答对 方的承诺等。null英语感谢信常用语句: ⑴ Many thanks for your kind and warm help. ⑵ I am greatly indebted to you for your help. ⑶ Thank you for your generous hospitality. ⑷ It was really exciting to get your New Year＇s card! ⑸ I＇m sincerely grateful for all your help in finding me a place. ⑹ Your note of congratulations is deeply appreciated. ⑺ Thank you for doing so much to make my trip interesting. ⑻ Thank you for your kindness to have done me a favour. ⑼ On behalf of my whole family，I would like to extend my sincere gratitude for…… ⑽ Nothing will be able to erase our wonderful memories，we will nurture them forever. ⑾ Thanks again for your kind help. ⑿ My true gratitude is beyond any words description. ⒀ Please accept my thanks，now and always. ⑨null Dear Mr. Green,  I appreciated the chance to meet with you yesterday about the position of Assistant in Marketing with  Open Company.  I really enjoyed meeting with members of the office and learning about the job. The entire team certainly seems to be highly skilled and motivated and the work itself seems as rewarding as it is challenging. From our discussion, I gained a strong sense of Open Company’s commitment to their clients and their employees. I also enjoyed our discussion of my opportunities and future within the firm.  I feel strongly that I possess the qualities required as an assistant. I believe my education and experiences have prepared me well for a future with you. I eagerly expect our next meeting. Thank you for considering me for this opportunity.  Sincerely yours,  Li MingnullDear Mr. Green,  Thank you very much for seeing me yesterday. The interview confirmed what others have told me that Open Company would be a terrific place for someone with many skills and interests.  I am convinced that I could make an impact and add value as an Assistant in your department. As we reviewed my background, I hope that you came to a similar conclusion. It was indeed a pleasure to discuss the opportunities with you. I thank you again for the opportunity and look forward to our next interaction.  Again, you can reach me everyday at123456, or you may leave a message on my answering machine, and I will return your call promptly.  Sincerely Yours,  Li MIng 范文:范文:Directions: You have been entertained by your friend Gao Jie when you stayed in Beijing on vacation.Write a letter to him to 1) thank him for entertaining you, 2) describe your feeling, and 3) invite him to visit your hometown. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. nullDear Gao Jie, First of all, please allow me to say “Thank you” to you. It is very kind of you to spare your valuable time accompanying and entertaining me during the peri