麦芽糊精与麦芽低聚糖的区别

麦芽糊精与麦芽低聚糖的区别 麦芽糊精与麦芽低聚糖的区别 麦芽糊精 1(麦芽糊精概述 麦芽糊精，也称水溶性糊精或酶法糊精。它是以各类淀粉为原料，经酶法工艺低程度控制水解转化、提纯、干燥而成。其原料是含淀粉质的玉米、大米等。也可以是精制淀粉，如玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉、木薯淀粉等。 1970年，Veberbacher对麦芽糊精做出如下定义:以淀粉为原料，经控制水解DE值在20,以下的产品称为麦芽糊精，以区别淀粉经热解反应生成的糊精产品。美国则把玉米淀粉为原料水解转化后，经喷雾干燥而获得的碳水化合物产品取名为“麦特灵”(MALRIN)，其系列产品的DE值从5,到20,，其商品规格简称为MD50、MDl00、MDl50、MD200等。 麦芽糊精的主要性状和水解率(DE值)有直接关系，因此，DE值不仅示水解程度，而且是掌握产品特性的重要指标。了解麦芽糊精系列产品DE值和物性之间的关系，有利于正确选择应用各种麦芽糊精系列产品。 2(麦芽糊精的生产 麦芽糊精系列产品均以淀粉为原料，经酶法工艺控制水解转化而成。淀粉是由许多葡萄糖分子聚合而成的碳水化合物;它的分子结构中大部分是以。α—(1，4)键连接，少量是以α—(1，6)键连接。利用耐高温α—淀粉酶对淀粉的催化水解具有高度的专一性，即只能按照equipment, components, equipment, temporary construction facilities, processed with strict compliance with provisions of construction floor plans, smooth roads and drainage, site formation. ----3, the site looks dignified and elegant and tidy, advertising slogans to write eye-catching appearance, walls to be clean and tidy. 4, "six-second figure"----cards to complete, custom, eye-catching, hanging in the obvious place. Management----5, district administration, "launch of Qing dynasty" focuses on managing the "cleaning, recycling, use," four Central Bank; the work is finished, clean, clear, work product protection in all procedures to periodically check the appraisals in a timely manner. 6, clean health----engineering work sites, temporary facilities clean and tidy inside and outside. 7, mechanical health----engineering machinery, vehicles are maintained in good condition, looks clean, and free from dirt, dust, electrical switchgear (box) complete with lock, mechanical safety protection equipment and complete, sensitive and reliable. 8, fire, defend----perfect fire system, set in accordance with requirements of fire equipment, set up obvious fire safety signs and signage, provide effective fire-fighting equipment, establishment of a security system, and out of the site staff to wear to work, marks and signs, implements 一定的方式水解一定种类和一定部位的葡萄糖苷键的特别性能，仅水解淀粉，不分解蛋白质、纤维素等。所以麦芽糊精是以玉米、大米等为原料，经酶法控制水解液化、脱色、过滤、离子交换、真空浓缩及喷雾干燥而成。其视密度在0(5g,CM3以下，遇水易分散溶解。 酶法工艺生产的麦芽糊精与酸法工艺生产的麦芽糊精的最大区别在于不会析出长链直链淀粉成分，故不会产生白色沉淀物，从而大大提高了麦芽糊精的商品价值。 酶法麦芽糊精放在水中，下沉很快，落在水底中，并能逐渐往上返，同时渐渐溶解，其溶解度略低于砂糖，但水化力较强。一旦吸收水分后，保持水分的能力较强。这是麦芽糊精的一个重要特性，在使用中常常会利用这一特性。 3(特性及消化吸收 麦芽糊精的DE值在4,—6,，其糖组成全部是四糖以上的较大分子，DE值在9,—12,时，其糖组成是低分子糖类的比例较少，而高分子糖类较多。因此，此类产品无甜味，不易受潮，难以褐变。在食品中使用，能提高食品的触感，并产生较强黏性;DE值在13,—17,时，其甜度较低，不易受潮，还原糖比例较低，难以褐变，溶解性较好。用于食品中，能产生适应的粘度;DE值在18,—22,时，稍有甜味，有一定的吸潮性，还原糖比例适当，能发生褐变反应，溶解性良好。在食品中使用，不会产生提高粘度的效果。麦芽糊精是经耐高温α—淀粉酶水解，介于淀粉与麦芽低聚糖之间的一种产物，它的分子中含有经淀苷初步水解的α1?4和α1?6糖苷键的大分子糖equipment, components, equipment, temporary construction facilities, processed with strict compliance with provisions of construction floor plans, smooth roads and drainage, site formation. ----3, the site looks dignified and elegant and tidy, advertising slogans to write eye-catching appearance, walls to be clean and tidy. 4, "six-second figure"----cards to complete, custom, eye-catching, hanging in the obvious place. Management----5, district administration, "launch of Qing dynasty" focuses on managing the "cleaning, recycling, use," four Central Bank; the work is finished, clean, clear, work product protection in all procedures to periodically check the appraisals in a timely manner. 6, clean health----engineering work sites, temporary facilities clean and tidy inside and outside. 7, mechanical health----engineering machinery, vehicles are maintained in good condition, looks clean, and free from dirt, dust, electrical switchgear (box) complete with lock, mechanical safety protection equipment and complete, sensitive and reliable. 8, fire, defend----perfect fire system, set in accordance with requirements of fire equipment, set up obvious fire safety signs and signage, provide effective fire-fighting equipment, establishment of a security system, and out of the site staff to wear to work, marks and signs, implements 类，因此它不像淀粉质那样，可不经唾液淀粉酶的水解直接进入到人的胃中，通过小肠黏膜上皮细胞中微绒毛膜上的α1?4糖苷酶初步水解成大部分葡萄糖及少量麦芽低聚糖，然后再由小肠黏膜上皮细胞中微绒毛膜上的异麦芽糖酶水解麦芽低聚糖中的α1?6糖苷键成为葡萄糖，才能为人体完全消化吸收。因此，它特别适用于消化力相对较弱的病人、老人或儿童作为食品补充剂，代替淀粉类食物，缓解消化压力。 麦芽低聚糖 1(麦芽低聚糖及其生产 淀粉或麦芽糊精每分子水解成318个分子单糖的碳水化物称麦芽低聚糖，也有人把水解成3—10个，甚至20个分子单糖的碳水化物归入这一类。可再分两类:水解产生的所有糖分子都是葡萄糖的称麦芽糖低聚糖，由三个葡萄糖分子组成的叫麦芽三糖，四个葡萄糖分子组成的叫麦芽四糖等等。另一类水解时产生不止一种单糖，称杂低聚糖。如大豆中的杂低聚糖水解产生棉籽糖和木苏糖等，人不易消化，无法利用。麦芽低聚糖中的主要成分是麦芽三糖到麦芽八糖，都是α，D-葡萄糖以α-1?4和α-1?6糖苷键结合的。麦芽低聚糖是以精制玉米淀粉为原料，采用先进的生物技术而制成的一种集保健、营养于一体的新型糖源。生产中采用耐高温。一淀粉酶对淀粉先进行初步催化水解成为麦芽糊精等大分子产物，然后再使用特异的麦芽低聚糖酶进一步水解而成，分子中不含有淀粉及麦芽糊精等产物，他也不能再被耐高温α—淀粉酶进行水解。 equipment, components, equipment, temporary construction facilities, processed with strict compliance with provisions of construction floor plans, smooth roads and drainage, site formation. ----3, the site looks dignified and elegant and tidy, advertising slogans to write eye-catching appearance, walls to be clean and tidy. 4, "six-second figure"----cards to complete, custom, eye-catching, hanging in the obvious place. Management----5, district administration, "launch of Qing dynasty" focuses on managing the "cleaning, recycling, use," four Central Bank; the work is finished, clean, clear, work product protection in all procedures to periodically check the appraisals in a timely manner. 6, clean health----engineering work sites, temporary facilities clean and tidy inside and outside. 7, mechanical health----engineering machinery, vehicles are maintained in good condition, looks clean, and free from dirt, dust, electrical switchgear (box) complete with lock, mechanical safety protection equipment and complete, sensitive and reliable. 8, fire, defend----perfect fire system, set in accordance with requirements of fire equipment, set up obvious fire safety signs and signage, provide effective fire-fighting equipment, establishment of a security system, and out of the site staff to wear to work, marks and signs, implements 2(特性及消化吸收 以往的科学研究表明，运动员在训练后25—35分钟这段时间内吃些碳水化合物，能急剧加速肝糖原和肌糖原的恢复。“加速”的持续时间约1—2小时，然后又转入慢速的恢复过程。一般情况下，糖原的恢复需要18—20小时。实际上，由于营α1?6糖苷酶快速水解后进入血液中迅速合成糖原;同时它不像葡萄糖等碳水化合物那样，在运动后直接饮用而使血糖值急剧升高，从而给运动员身体带来不适。麦芽低聚糖具有低甜度、低热量、低渗透压的特性，人体服用后能在肠道中持续水解，有延长器官功能、强化机体耐力和作功能力的功效。在防止大量乳酸产生和血液凝结的同时，可被人体逐渐吸收并长时间不断地提供能量。因此，它可以快速地增强机体耐力，提高机体免疫力和作功能力，从而克服人体经过大量体力消耗和长时间剧烈运动后出现的盗汗、脱水等症状。对因能源储备过量消耗而出现的血糖降低、体温升高、脑功能紊乱等一系列生理上的变化，具有良好的作用。所以，麦芽低聚糖可制成各种保健食品，如婴儿食品、保健糖果、饮料、冰淇淋、保健啤酒等，更可以大量作为医药制剂、营养制品的添加剂等。 3(应用及前景 麦芽低聚糖具有延长供能时间、强化机体耐力和作功能力以及易消化吸收等特点，可应用于胰脏切除病人的饮食治疗、肾病患者的能量来源等，尤其适用于婴儿食品。麦芽低聚糖能维持人体疲劳时的血糖水平，避免血液浓缩和血液中乳酸的大量产生，能迅速增加机体耐equipment, components, equipment, temporary construction facilities, processed with strict compliance with provisions of construction floor plans, smooth roads and drainage, site formation. ----3, the site looks dignified and elegant and tidy, advertising slogans to write eye-catching appearance, walls to be clean and tidy. 4, "six-second figure"----cards to complete, custom, eye-catching, hanging in the obvious place. Management----5, district administration, "launch of Qing dynasty" focuses on managing the "cleaning, recycling, use," four Central Bank; the work is finished, clean, clear, work product protection in all procedures to periodically check the appraisals in a timely manner. 6, clean health----engineering work sites, temporary facilities clean and tidy inside and outside. 7, mechanical health----engineering machinery, vehicles are maintained in good condition, looks clean, and free from dirt, dust, electrical switchgear (box) complete with lock, mechanical safety protection equipment and complete, sensitive and reliable. 8, fire, defend----perfect fire system, set in accordance with requirements of fire equipment, set up obvious fire safety signs and signage, provide effective fire-fighting equipment, establishment of a security system, and out of the site staff to wear to work, marks and signs, implements 力和作功能力，提高工作效率。除具保健功能外，其甜度低、口感好、 保湿性好、不易结晶，可应用于各种饮料、甜酒、高级糖果等，是国 内外公认的功能食品基料，可广泛应用于保健食品、饮料等领域，其 产品消费量迅速递增。随着我国人民生活水平的不断提高，逐渐成为 —个较大消费市场，产品前景广阔。 equipment, components, equipment, temporary construction facilities, processed with strict compliance with provisions of construction floor plans, smooth roads and drainage, site formation. ----3, the site looks dignified and elegant and tidy, advertising slogans to write eye-catching appearance, walls to be clean and tidy. 4, "six-second figure"----cards to complete, custom, eye-catching, hanging in the obvious place. Management----5, district administration, "launch of Qing dynasty" focuses on managing the "cleaning, recycling, use," four Central Bank; the work is finished, clean, clear, work product protection in all procedures to periodically check the appraisals in a timely manner. 6, clean health----engineering work sites, temporary facilities clean and tidy inside and outside. 7, mechanical health----engineering machinery, vehicles are maintained in good condition, looks clean, and free from dirt, dust, electrical switchgear (box) complete with lock, mechanical safety protection equipment and complete, sensitive and reliable. 8, fire, defend----perfect fire system, set in accordance with requirements of fire equipment, set up obvious fire safety signs and signage, provide effective fire-fighting equipment, establishment of a security system, and out of the site staff to wear to work, marks and signs, implements