未记载出票日期且不代表出票人真实意思表示的出票行为不具备法律效力

未记载出票日期且不代表出票人真实意思表示的出票行为不具备法律效力 未记载出票日期且不代表出票人真实意思表示的出票行为 不具备法律效力 【案情简介】 原告:张允余 被告:北京书香艺园展览设计有限公司(以下简称书香公司) 杨井峰从2008年5月到2008年底去张允余处拉货，一共价值25 500元，杨井峰说拉完货给钱，但只支付了1万元。杨井峰向张允余出具欠条一张，该欠条载明:杨井峰欠钢材款25 500元，春节前付清。2008年12月24日。付一万元整。2009年1月23日。涉案支票是杨井峰在2009年6月给张允余的，当时杨井峰只是把支票押给张允余，说结算的时候再写金额。支票上的出票日期、收款人、金额都是张允余自己填写的，杨井峰给张允余支票的时候，这些项目都是空白的。涉案支票尾号为5446，是中国农业银行转账支票，支票上显示:出票日期为2009年6月10日，收款人为北京市大红门玉丰五金建材供应站，金额为15 500元，出票人签章处盖有书香公司财务专用章及李玉梅印。退票理由书显示，退出日期为2009年6月15日，号码为5446，出票人为书香公司，持票人为北京市大红门玉丰五金建材供应站，退票理由为余额不足，金额为15 500元。 原告诉称，张允余系北京市大红门玉丰五金建材供应站业主，2009年6月10日，张允余收到一张出票人为书香公司的中国农业银行转账支票一张，支票号为15915446，张允余持该支票入账，被告知账户余额不足，现已退票。故诉至法院，请求判令书香公司向张允余支付票据金额15 500元。 被告辩称，书香公司没有拿张允余的货物，支票是杨井峰2008年6月从书香公司借的，说两个星期就还回来，但一直没还。 ralentí, evitar la deposició d'escòries de fang, melmelada, deixar mig camí de perforació, ha es plataforma busseig proposat ranura fora targeta trepant Hou no pot forçat proposat, cas Sling trencat de trencat, pot utilitzar alta pressió d'aigua o aire fila fang mètode exclosos als voltants escòria de fang i el col•lapse del sòl cos, una vegada més a poc a poc va proposar col•lapse local de paret de ranura, o ha trobat underground edificis era targeta en directe, es plataforma enterrat quota de fang de control directe, demostrat obstacles i oportuna tramitació Argila plàstic conèixer aigua expansió, psiquiatre de paret de ranura Conca trepant doblegat també obliqua ranura tenia gran en argila plàstica en la perforació o ranura forat elements obliqua pensen que ha escombrat sovint superiors i inferiors forat corregit marc trepant (perforació al quadre guia plataforma era ranura paret sòl cos viu, suport local no perforació) mica desgast seriós, mica diàmetre reduït, causat amplada de forat de ranura variable fa petit, quadre guia es va posar en directe no pot TALADRAR mica diàmetre ha que guia caixamarket. Economic development zone, gathered a group of scientific and technological achievements into the small micro-enterprise, small, high technology content, from the point of view of innovation, creative in a particular area, or even unique, currently see no taxation, production, employment, innovation, the development of science and technology was always leading, to be proactive, the focus on technology innovation to long-term foster. 2, pay special attention to construction, solid technology base. Science and technology innovation platform is the incubator of innovation ability of enterprises, is an important carrier of regional independent innovation and scientific and technological progress. To active building technology innovation service platform, advance to technology resources build shared, mainly of technology information service platform, and to intellectual property trading mainly of technology service platform construction, to thin skin walnut, and garlic, and Lake products, features industry development mainly of agricultural technology service platform, to chemical, and paper, and mechanical manufacturing, advantage industry mainly of public service platform, development professional sex technology enterprise incubator and allCreate a space to form interconnection and network resource sharing platform, greatly improved service ability and level of science and technology; must closely rely on the features and development of County industry conditions, strengthening the various industrial parks, science and technology base, the science and technology intermediary service 【裁判要点】 法院认为，相关法律规定，支票必须记载出票日期，张允余在2008年6月收到的并非一张法定记载事项完整的支票，相关出票行为存在形式上的瑕疵。同时出票人书香公司表示，支票是借给杨井峰的，而张允余也确认该支票是被押给张允余，结算的时候再写金额，据此，涉案出票行为欠缺形式及实质要件，并不能产生法律上的出票行为的法律效力。且张允余收取涉案支票时，对支票上欠缺必要的记载事项应该明知，通过其在庭审中的陈述，其在收取该支票时也明确此支票系押给他，交付时并没有结算付款的功能，据此，张允余应系因重大过失取得不符合法律规定的支票，其也不应享有票据权利。综上所述，本院依照《中华人民共和国票据法》第十二条第二款、第八十四条第一款第(五)项、第八十四条第二款之规定，判决如下: 驳回原告张允余的诉讼请求。 案件受理费九十三元，由原告张允余负担(已交纳)。 【争议焦点】 1、涉案支票的出票行为是否具备法律效力? 2、原告张允余是否享有票据权利? 【法理评析】 本案系原告诉至法院请求所持票据的出票人支付票面金额而引发的纠纷，法庭审理主要围绕着涉案支票的出票行为是否具备法律效力、原告张允余是否享有票据权利的判断而展开，因此在该案件时也需要从这几个方面来梳理线索: 首先，对于“涉案支票的出票行为是否具备法律效力”的判定，此处主要涉及出票行为及票据有效的要件方面的内容。 ralentí, evitar la deposició d'escòries de fang, melmelada, deixar mig camí de perforació, ha es plataforma busseig proposat ranura fora targeta trepant Hou no pot forçat proposat, cas Sling trencat de trencat, pot utilitzar alta pressió d'aigua o aire fila fang mètode exclosos als voltants escòria de fang i el col•lapse del sòl cos, una vegada més a poc a poc va proposar col•lapse local de paret de ranura, o ha trobat underground edificis era targeta en directe, es plataforma enterrat quota de fang de control directe, demostrat obstacles i oportuna tramitació Argila plàstic conèixer aigua expansió, psiquiatre de paret de ranura Conca trepant doblegat també obliqua ranura tenia gran en argila plàstica en la perforació o ranura forat elements obliqua pensen que ha escombrat sovint superiors i inferiors forat corregit marc trepant (perforació al quadre guia plataforma era ranura paret sòl cos viu, suport local no perforació) mica desgast seriós, mica diàmetre reduït, causat amplada de forat de ranura variable fa petit, quadre guia es va posar en directe no pot TALADRAR mica diàmetre ha que guia caixamarket. Economic development zone, gathered a group of scientific and technological achievements into the small micro-enterprise, small, high technology content, from the point of view of innovation, creative in a particular area, or even unique, currently see no taxation, production, employment, innovation, the development of science and technology was always leading, to be proactive, the focus on technology innovation to long-term foster. 2, pay special attention to construction, solid technology base. Science and technology innovation platform is the incubator of innovation ability of enterprises, is an important carrier of regional independent innovation and scientific and technological progress. To active building technology innovation service platform, advance to technology resources build shared, mainly of technology information service platform, and to intellectual property trading mainly of technology service platform construction, to thin skin walnut, and garlic, and Lake products, features industry development mainly of agricultural technology service platform, to chemical, and paper, and mechanical manufacturing, advantage industry mainly of public service platform, development professional sex technology enterprise incubator and allCreate a space to form interconnection and network resource sharing platform, greatly improved service ability and level of science and technology; must closely rely on the features and development of County industry conditions, strengthening the various industrial parks, science and technology base, the science and technology intermediary service 所谓出票是指出票人签发票据并将其交付给收款人的票据行为。出票为基本票据行为或主票据行为。票据的效力来源包括票据所需具备的形式要件和实质要件。票据行为的形式要件包括书面、签章和票据记载事项三项，书面是指票据行为必须以书面形式和法定格式作成方得发生效力;签章是指在票据上签章之人须照票据所载事项承担票据责任;票据记载事项包括票据名称字样、无条件支付的委托或承诺、确定的金额、出票日期、出票人签章是汇票、本票、支票共同的绝对记载事项。此外，汇票还必须记载付款人和收款人名称，本票须记载收款人名称，支票须记载付款人名称。票据行为的实质要件要求行为人为票据行为是基于其真实、合法的意思表示。 具体到本案的情况来看，原告张允余表示，其在2008年6月收到涉案支票时，出票时间、收款人、金额项均为空白，相关项目均系张允余后自己填写，而根据上述分析可知，原告涉案支票并非具备完整法定记载事项的支票，出票行为存在形式上的瑕疵，不具备完备的形式要件。在实质要件方面，出票人书香公司表示，支票是借给杨井峰的，而张允余也确认该支票是未写明金额的抵押物，其并不能体现出票人具有以支票付款的意思表示，故实质要件亦不完备，该出票行为不具备法律效力。 其次，对于“原告张允余是否享有票据权利”的判定，此处主要涉及方面的内容。 所谓票据权利是指持票人向票据债务人请求支付票据金额的权利，它包括付款请求权和追索权。票据权利的取得包括出票取得、转让取得和依税收、继承等法律规定而取得以及善意取得。未以上述方式合法取得票据的持票人并不当然的享有票据权利。具体来说是指，以欺诈、偷盗或者胁迫等手段取得票据的，或者明知有前列情形，出于恶意取得票据的，或者是因重大过失取得不符合本法规定的票据的，不得享有票据权利。 ralentí, evitar la deposició d'escòries de fang, melmelada, deixar mig camí de perforació, ha es plataforma busseig proposat ranura fora targeta trepant Hou no pot forçat proposat, cas Sling trencat de trencat, pot utilitzar alta pressió d'aigua o aire fila fang mètode exclosos als voltants escòria de fang i el col•lapse del sòl cos, una vegada més a poc a poc va proposar col•lapse local de paret de ranura, o ha trobat underground edificis era targeta en directe, es plataforma enterrat quota de fang de control directe, demostrat obstacles i oportuna tramitació Argila plàstic conèixer aigua expansió, psiquiatre de paret de ranura Conca trepant doblegat també obliqua ranura tenia gran en argila plàstica en la perforació o ranura forat elements obliqua pensen que ha escombrat sovint superiors i inferiors forat corregit marc trepant (perforació al quadre guia plataforma era ranura paret sòl cos viu, suport local no perforació) mica desgast seriós, mica diàmetre reduït, causat amplada de forat de ranura variable fa petit, quadre guia es va posar en directe no pot TALADRAR mica diàmetre ha que guia caixamarket. Economic development zone, gathered a group of scientific and technological achievements into the small micro-enterprise, small, high technology content, from the point of view of innovation, creative in a particular area, or even unique, currently see no taxation, production, employment, innovation, the development of science and technology was always leading, to be proactive, the focus on technology innovation to long-term foster. 2, pay special attention to construction, solid technology base. Science and technology innovation platform is the incubator of innovation ability of enterprises, is an important carrier of regional independent innovation and scientific and technological progress. To active building technology innovation service platform, advance to technology resources build shared, mainly of technology information service platform, and to intellectual property trading mainly of technology service platform construction, to thin skin walnut, and garlic, and Lake products, features industry development mainly of agricultural technology service platform, to chemical, and paper, and mechanical manufacturing, advantage industry mainly of public service platform, development professional sex technology enterprise incubator and allCreate a space to form interconnection and network resource sharing platform, greatly improved service ability and level of science and technology; must closely rely on the features and development of County industry conditions, strengthening the various industrial parks, science and technology base, the science and technology intermediary service 在本案中，张允余在收取涉案支票时，明知支票欠缺必要的记载事项，对于支票仅作为暂时的抵押的功效也很清楚，该支票在交付时并不具备结算功能，因此张允余取得票据的方式属于重大过失取得，依法不享有票据权利。 【法律风险提示及防范】 提示:当事人在收取支票等票据的时候需要明确和核查票据是否具备效力，其效力来源包括形式和实质要件，前者包括书面形式、签章以及法定的日期、金额等法定必要记载事项，后者主要包括签发人的民事责任能力以及真实合法的意思表示。只有同时符合形式和实质要件的出票行为方具备法律效力，该票据的合法持有人才能依法享有票据权利。 【法条链接】 1.《中华人民共和国票据法》 第12条 以欺诈、偷盗或者胁迫等手段取得票据的，或者明知有前列情形，出于恶意取得票据的，不得享有票据权利。 持票人因重大过失取得不符合本法规定的票据的，也不得享有票据权利。 第84条 支票必须记载下列事项: (一)表明“支票”的字样; (二)无条件支付的委托; (三)确定的金额; (四)付款人名称; ralentí, evitar la deposició d'escòries de fang, melmelada, deixar mig camí de perforació, ha es plataforma busseig proposat ranura fora targeta trepant Hou no pot forçat proposat, cas Sling trencat de trencat, pot utilitzar alta pressió d'aigua o aire fila fang mètode exclosos als voltants escòria de fang i el col•lapse del sòl cos, una vegada més a poc a poc va proposar col•lapse local de paret de ranura, o ha trobat underground edificis era targeta en directe, es plataforma enterrat quota de fang de control directe, demostrat obstacles i oportuna tramitació Argila plàstic conèixer aigua expansió, psiquiatre de paret de ranura Conca trepant doblegat també obliqua ranura tenia gran en argila plàstica en la perforació o ranura forat elements obliqua pensen que ha escombrat sovint superiors i inferiors forat corregit marc trepant (perforació al quadre guia plataforma era ranura paret sòl cos viu, suport local no perforació) mica desgast seriós, mica diàmetre reduït, causat amplada de forat de ranura variable fa petit, quadre guia es va posar en directe no pot TALADRAR mica diàmetre ha que guia caixamarket. Economic development zone, gathered a group of scientific and technological achievements into the small micro-enterprise, small, high technology content, from the point of view of innovation, creative in a particular area, or even unique, currently see no taxation, production, employment, innovation, the development of science and technology was always leading, to be proactive, the focus on technology innovation to long-term foster. 2, pay special attention to construction, solid technology base. Science and technology innovation platform is the incubator of innovation ability of enterprises, is an important carrier of regional independent innovation and scientific and technological progress. To active building technology innovation service platform, advance to technology resources build shared, mainly of technology information service platform, and to intellectual property trading mainly of technology service platform construction, to thin skin walnut, and garlic, and Lake products, features industry development mainly of agricultural technology service platform, to chemical, and paper, and mechanical manufacturing, advantage industry mainly of public service platform, development professional sex technology enterprise incubator and allCreate a space to form interconnection and network resource sharing platform, greatly improved service ability and level of science and technology; must closely rely on the features and development of County industry conditions, strengthening the various industrial parks, science and technology base, the science and technology intermediary service (五)出票日期; (六)出票人签章。 支票上未记载前款规定事项之一的，支票无效。 ralentí, evitar la deposició d'escòries de fang, melmelada, deixar mig camí de perforació, ha es plataforma busseig proposat ranura fora targeta trepant Hou no pot forçat proposat, cas Sling trencat de trencat, pot utilitzar alta pressió d'aigua o aire fila fang mètode exclosos als voltants escòria de fang i el col•lapse del sòl cos, una vegada més a poc a poc va proposar col•lapse local de paret de ranura, o ha trobat underground edificis era targeta en directe, es plataforma enterrat quota de fang de control directe, demostrat obstacles i oportuna tramitació Argila plàstic conèixer aigua expansió, psiquiatre de paret de ranura Conca trepant doblegat també obliqua ranura tenia gran en argila plàstica en la perforació o ranura forat elements obliqua pensen que ha escombrat sovint superiors i inferiors forat corregit marc trepant (perforació al quadre guia plataforma era ranura paret sòl cos viu, suport local no perforació) mica desgast seriós, mica diàmetre reduït, causat amplada de forat de ranura variable fa petit, quadre guia es va posar en directe no pot TALADRAR mica diàmetre ha que guia caixamarket. Economic development zone, gathered a group of scientific and technological achievements into the small micro-enterprise, small, high technology content, from the point of view of innovation, creative in a particular area, or even unique, currently see no taxation, production, employment, innovation, the development of science and technology was always leading, to be proactive, the focus on technology innovation to long-term foster. 2, pay special attention to construction, solid technology base. Science and technology innovation platform is the incubator of innovation ability of enterprises, is an important carrier of regional independent innovation and scientific and technological progress. To active building technology innovation service platform, advance to technology resources build shared, mainly of technology information service platform, and to intellectual property trading mainly of technology service platform construction, to thin skin walnut, and garlic, and Lake products, features industry development mainly of agricultural technology service platform, to chemical, and paper, and mechanical manufacturing, advantage industry mainly of public service platform, development professional sex technology enterprise incubator and allCreate a space to form interconnection and network resource sharing platform, greatly improved service ability and level of science and technology; must closely rely on the features and development of County industry conditions, strengthening the various industrial parks, science and technology base, the science and technology intermediary service