尼康D3000入门贴

尼康D3000入门贴 尼康D3000入门常识贴 我习惯用M档: 1、根据天气和现场光线设置ISO感光度，感光数值越低越好(按住相机左侧“Fn”键后，用右手拇指拨动“指令拨盘”即可调整感光数值); 2、根据现场光线和拍摄意图设定光圈值(按住相机右上方的“曝光补偿”按钮后拨动“指令拨盘”调整光圈数值); 3、最后再直接拨动“指令拨盘”调整快门数值即可，快门数值设置时要查看取景器里显示的曝光补偿显示，曝光减0.3至0.7稍好。 welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions 新手必读:数码摄影入门速成30招 很多时候，人们因为冲动会购买一台数码相机，也因为开始的新鲜猛拍三千张照片，之后，大部分的相机却束之高阁了。 为什么,一个重要的原因是:你没有拍出让人激动、令人欣赏的照片。你没有好PP上传于网上，不能让朋友分享，所以没了信心，也因此没了兴趣。 我们不能排除你试图努力过:相机附送的《操作指南》你抽空就会看，你也去多个网站收罗了一大堆专业技术或技巧……但这几乎很少帮到你。尤其对于希望保持“对准即拍，简单快乐”的体验者而言，那些专业技术或器材要求显然离你们太远了。 永远记住摄影界里有一句格言:一流摄影靠想法，二流摄影靠技术，三流摄影靠器材。 welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions 所以千万别为自己仅有一台傻瓜级数码相机而沮丧，那并非你拍不出好PP的借口。你现在仅仅需要做的是:心态归零。从避免犯常识性错误开始，(纠正那些你不知道或一直不在意的错误)，随即掌握一些“获取视野、对准即拍”的成功经验或经典技巧。 摄影并没有你想像的那么难。相反，拍出生动有趣或激荡人心的照片，任何人都可以做到。摄影经验空白不要紧，追求操作简明扼要、快捷易用也不再是奢望，以下的内容正是为你而编的。 好照片是怎么拍成的, 按下快门是开始也是结束。开始总很简单，而结局千差万别。那些引人入胜的、经久耐看的照片是如何拍出来的,他们有什么共同的成功秘诀, 《美国纽约摄影学院教材》给了我们一个:那些具有摄影家眼力的作品总是那么经典和引人入胜。更具体的说，要是你拍的照片达到如下3个标准那么它不经典也算是出色的作品了。 第1招:让你的照片具备一个鲜明清晰的主题，(是人、是静物还是一件事,)你需要清晰的表达出来，而不是模棱两可或面面俱到。 第2招:一幅好照片必须把注意力引向被摄主体，你需要观众一下子注意到你的主体，因为这个主体是你要表达的核心。 第3招:让你的照片更简洁，那些不能烘托你主体、甚至分散注意力的元素要统统压缩或排除。 人物数码摄影技巧 世界上有很多摄影师以拍摄人物著名。在他们的照片中，你感觉得到被摄人物都在为你“讲述”一个故事或表达一种感情。为什么我们经常看到身边的照片不具感染力,很多情况正是出于这个原因。不管是单人像或是多人拍摄，在我们做到让人物传神(或讲故事)之前，还是先看看经常犯的毛病，并设法改变它。 1 单人像 1)不让肖像变形的简单: 有些顶尖的摄影师为大人物拍摄人像时故意让肖像变形，那是一种高层次的艺术表达。而对于大众摄影，肖像变形却是低级和致命的失误。 第4招:让肖像不变形的简单方法，是离被摄人物站位尽量保持距离，尽量不用广角镜，肖像照适于用80-90mm镜头拍摄。 2)如何获得浅景深以凸出人物: welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions 如果人物的周围场景，不能帮助或衬托该主体“讲故事”，我们尽量删剪或模糊掉背景。 第5招:获得浅景深(让主体背景模糊)的方法，是尽量使用大光圈，长焦距，(如果有条件)，让人物站位离背景尽量远。 3)让你的拍摄对象更自然 “当我拍什么人的时候，我总是想回避他们那种自己在被拍摄的样子。”著名摄影师约翰-洛恩加德说。显然，在拍摄中人物放松是很重要的。人物放松的时候才会更自然地流露情感，如果不是抓拍(或偷拍)，生活中的人物在面对镜头时通常很别扭(不自然)，这需要沟通，让他/她忘记拍摄。 4)POSE要领: 借助环境道具和摆姿势有利于让形象更生动，不至于让画面呆板。 第6招:让拍摄对象根据场景站立、屈体、依靠、坐下或躺下。 第7招:注意在灵活应用整体姿势时，让拍摄对象的手有所动作，如摸头、撩头发、抚面、脱腮、按嘴角、摸颈部、拉衣襟、撩臂膀、叉腰、搁大腿、撩脚部(如拉鞋带)，总之，手部动作可以在全身上下自由摸索，核心是保持自然和有助于表达情绪。除此之外，手部还可以捏拿道具，如帽子、眼镜、丝巾、籍、香烟、足球、一枝花等等，以此活化照片，让形象更生动。 第8招:拍摄带POSE单人像时，你要特别留意对象的头部和肩膀。通常，头部与身体尽量不在一条直线上，双肩及双脚忌平行。 第9招:在单人像摄影时，摄影师昼与被摄对象保持距离以避免人物变形，在构图上，通常对角线方式是最保险的。 第10招:如果被摄对象实在摆姿势困难、着装或身材不好表现，那么请你尽量拍摄半身像或大头照，此时被摄对象的表情是你唯一应该抓住的。 5)特殊光线下的人像拍摄(烈日下、夜晚、背景亮光) 第11招:在强烈日光下拍摄，需要注意对象遮阳以避免眼神不自然，多用侧光，以让对象棱廓分明;尽量少用逆光拍摄人物，太阳光对镜头的照射可能会使光学元件退化，从而减损图像的效果。需要逆光拍摄时，你只需把阴影挡在镜头上，而不让遮荫的物体(如帽子、手掌等)进入到画面即可。 夜景中的人像拍摄比较难，糟糕的PP不是人物面庞太暗看不清楚，就是因闪光生硬导致人物面庞过亮、背景暗淡。对初学者而言，简单可以从三方面来缓解矛盾。 第12招:首先调高感光度，关闭闪光(强制不闪光，相机的闪光系统很高明除外);其次让被摄对象尽量在光线较亮的环境中(如路灯下)保持姿势不动;最后拍摄时welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions 用慢快门(最好有三脚架)，让曝光足够成像。 第13招:背景亮光一般用闪光灯补充，使前景人像更明亮，如果能用散射闪光灯，效果会更柔和。 拍室内照时，以光亮背景设置曝光，不开启闪光灯，成像主体会漆黑不清;若仅以主体设置曝光，开启闪光灯，主体背景也将曝光不足;为达到自然效果，可先测出窗外光亮背景曝光为1/125、f8，然后在主体(肩膀位置)使用f8的散射闪光灯，平衡室内外曝光。 抓拍与多人照 1、为什么抓拍是更吸引人的, 人在一种自然(或不经意)状态下表露出的神态是最真实的，在摄影家的眼里，有些人把它称为“真相”。很多杰出的摄影作品就是用抓拍完成的，不管是单人照还是多人照。现实生活中，很多摄影人迷茫于没有什么可拍的，那是因为初学者还没真正打开心扉，把镜头投向于周遭和生活。 第14招:到街上、主题活动场所或突发事件现场，抓拍事件内外的人物表情及关系等，注意不用闪光、宁静拍摄，多用长焦镜头，埋伏拍摄效果更佳。抓拍的速度可以训练，但能拍到感人的作品，真谛尽在意识、感受和发现。 自然姿势和摆创意造型 1)日常生活中，朋友聚会、亲人团聚、孩童成长，免不了拍照纪念，记录气氛。这种有意识的拍摄活动，让被摄人物摆POSE的要领是自然。 第15招:生活中的合影拍摄，摆自然姿势拍出气氛不仅是你首要考虑的，人物之间的关系更要追求淋漓尽致的反映。 2)除了自然姿势的合影，一切戏剧性的创意POSE合影，更能收到爽心悦目、焕然一新的效果。成功的创意姿势灵感源于对生活的领悟和创造力，没有一套模式教会所有人做创意POSE，不过可以多做尝试。 旅游风光摄影技巧 不可否认，有一部分人正是因为拍摄旅游风光而购买数码相机的。但事实告诉我们，相当多的人群拍摄的风光照平淡无奇，说到珍藏更是勉为其难了。一个很核心的原因——也是大多数人的通病——他们迷失在目不暇接的风景中，无法聚焦在一处风光或景物上，而这一处风景给他的感觉他没有意识到(或抓不住)，由此更难站位(相机定位)和画面构图，来凸显这处风光的意境或主题。 1、是什么打动了你，你如何表现(主题), welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions 克里斯?斯蒂尔一帕金斯通常不拍“风花雪月的甜俗之作”，无独有偶，英国摄影师乔?科尼什也崇尚把风光拍得更有思想，他说:“只有经过格外的努力才能超越摄影的实际内容，去传递情感、活力与激情，甚至是其中的比喻和象征意义。” 第16招:不要试图把所有风光照拍得大而全，确定拍摄一个主体，其它的景物若不能烘托就压缩或排除掉，默默感受一下这个主体，用一个形容词来概括它。例如:拍一座坚固的桥，拍一个古老的村寨，拍一面恬静的湖水，拍一个闷热的菜市、拍一位忧伤的母亲、拍一条懒洋洋的狗…… 拍摄角度(相机定位)在风光摄影中的重要性 风光摄影家有句口头禅:“好照片是走出来和等出来的。”透过专业精神，我们看到角度(相机定位)对于风光摄影是多么重要了。角度通常分为3种，最多的平脚，其次是仰拍和俯拍。 第17招:角度的选择是用来凸主题的，如前所讲的“形容词”，如果这个角度是最能反映你所表达的主题(意境)，那么就使用这个角度，不管要走多远的路。例如拍瀑布，三种角度很分明的表现了瀑布的汹涌(仰拍)、瀑布的宽广(平角)和绚丽(微俯拍)。 介绍几种典型的构图 在很大的程度上，构图决定着拍摄主题的实现，决定着作品的成败。构图就是指如何把人、景、物安排在画面当中以获得最佳布局的方法，是把形象结合起来的方法，是提示形象的全部手段的总和。对摄影初学者而言，这听起来相当复杂，我们在此简单说明基本构图的方式。 第18招:在确定主体并确定表达意境的前提下，通常有井字形、三角形、斜三角形、垂直式、斜线式、水平式、曲线式几种方法。 第19招:黄金分割的适当应用。对初学者而言，黄金分割手法的学习和应用必不可少，很多教材把黄金分割构图另称为“三三交叉法”，在交叉点“黄金分割点上”表现主体通常是实用和完美的。 大部分的傻瓜机是中心自动对焦成像的，如何把前景(如人像)凸显在黄金分割位置成了一个难题。这就需要半按快门技巧的应用，(实际上大部分的傻瓜机操作手册有这个实用技巧的说明。 第20招:先用镜框中心对准前景，(让相机定焦于你要拍摄的主体上)，此刻半按快门，再移动镜头，把主体摆放于你设想的黄金分割拉上，最后彻底按下快门，完成拍摄。 更合适的站位和变焦 welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions “很少有摄影者会对相机的摆放位置给予充分的考虑，其实只有在相机的精确定位下才有可能产生好的构图。在任何既定的视角中，有必要确定机位应该靠左还是靠右，靠前还是靠后，稍高还是稍低。所有这一切都会影响场景中各被摄对象间的关系，明显的比例以及是否在有效的景深范围之内。” “随着摄影技术的发展，变焦镜头的性能越来越好，你无法忽略它们的创造潜能。但重要的是，摄影者必须懂得不同的焦距对被摄对象间的视觉关系、比例和景深和影响。一般说来，广角镜头会拓宽空间，长镜头则会压缩空间，但这是一个可能会产生误导的概括。像阿特?沃尔夫、高伦?罗厄尔、吉姆?布莱登伯格、扬?亚瑟斯一伯特兰和尼尔?本维这样的摄影家都用35毫米相机拍出了令人难忘的风光摄影作品。对风光摄影来说，选择极端的镜头通常是一个错误，广角、标准和短的摄远镜头通常就足够了。” 不同环境光线下的成像操作窍门 有人把摄影说成处理光的学问，这说明光线对于完美成像多么重要。抛开主题和构图(内容布局)的重要性不提，成像质量是我人大多数人最渴望提升的。决定成像质量的因素不外乎环境光线、相机和镜头的品级、以及摄影者的操作技能。如你所知:作为普通大众，在没有人为布光、相机或镜头也不可能很专业的情形下，想完成及时的、较高品质的拍摄，操作技能变得越来越重要。 不得不承认，在较难处理的环境光线下完成好质量的成像，过于傻瓜型的数码相机几乎不可能做到。令人欣喜的是，今天绝大部分入门级数码相机也具备半手动功能，那些有助于提升成像质量的技术如“光圈”、“快门”、“曝光补偿EV”、“ISO感光度”及“白平衡”，终可以让你的照片栩栩如生了。 对摄影初学者而言，上面的技术(概念)难免生疏，我们在此简单说明“光圈”、“快门” 、“曝光补偿EV”、“ISO感光度”及“白平衡”是如何影响照片成像的: 我们把“成像”比喻成“注水”，光圈大小就像水管的大小，“快门”就是灌水时间，“曝光补偿”是让水管可大可小的卡子，“感光度”就是水桶深浅，水桶越浅水量需要越少，(感光灵敏更容易成像)。曝光不足就是灌水未满，曝光过度就是灌水过量。拍成一张照片，可以调节“光圈”、“快门”、“曝光补偿 EV”和“ISO感光度”等变量，同样注满一桶水，可以调节水管大小、时间长短、卡子大小和水桶深浅一样。而“白平衡”控制就是通过图像调整，使在各种光线条件下拍摄出的照片色彩和人眼所看到的景物色彩完全相同。数码相机一般提供自动白平衡和太阳天、阴天、白炽灯、荧光灯等几种模式。初学者可以根据光线环境选择对应的白平衡模式，想更简单的话，就完全选用自动白平衡模式。 户外常见难处理光线操作技巧: 1、烈日下的拍摄: 通常这种情况下不宜拍摄人像以及全景照片，因为光线过于明亮，微距拍摄倒是一welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions 个非常不错的机会。 第21招:烈日下拍摄风光建议用小光圈、曝光补偿减低1-2级、感光度降低，并让白平衡调整在太阳天模式。有遮光罩效果更佳。 2、夜景技巧 第22招:一个稳定的三脚架必不可少，尽量将对焦点手动对准明亮的景物上，对准焦后再锁定焦距进行构图，少用自动白平衡，尝试用“白天”或“室外”模式，强制不闪光，用光圈优先曝光是比较保险的;如果有遮光罩效果更佳。 3、雪景技巧 第23招:对准白色物体手动调整白平衡，视白色面积加强曝光补偿1-2档，如有UV镜安装，可以避免色彩偏蓝。 4、雨天技巧: 雨天拍摄常常会出现曝光过度的情况，一般多采取减少曝光的方法，避免拍出的画面灰蒙蒙一片。 第24招:采用大光圈、较高感光度、快门一般以使用1/30秒至1/60秒速度为好，可以强调雨水降落时的动感;选择灰墙、绿树、山峦、深色建筑物、山洞等物体作背景，逆光或侧光拍摄效果更佳。 5、室内常见环境光线操作技巧: 室内环境由于受采光的限制，光线亮度远远低于室外，室内灯源及色温差异、自然光线的进入、室内墙壁反光、采光处有无遮挡物等，都会直接影响室内光线的性质，让光线更为复杂。 6、风光摄影的其它技巧: 1)三脚架的使用 “不用三脚架也能拍摄风光照片，但是大多数成功的风景画面都是使用三脚架拍摄的。精通三脚架的使用，确保它在风中保持平稳、安全和位置正确，这是一项重要的基本技能。” 2)对曝光控制效果的意识 “大多数摄影爱好者早已掌握了快门速度、光圈的设置与调焦，但有一点一直没有完全充分地认识与理解:光圈和快门并不仅能让你拍摄到曝光正确的清晰画面，它更是重要的创造工具。 在风光摄影中，试验和探索光圈、快门和焦距的控制的创造性潜能，对于建立信心和增强理解是十分必要的。” 3)另一种手法拍名胜 第25招:在名胜地拍摄与众不同的照片，让名胜烘托你的故事(主题)。 运动及特写摄影技巧 快门的恰当使用可使运动影像更富感染力。大多数摄影师通过影像充分展现动感，提示力量之美、速度之美和生命之美。特写在摄影中同是一种艺术表现手法。用局welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions 部传递信息，用细节说明主题。难点在于选题，那些具备敏捷思考力和行动力的人可以用这种简洁手法渲染主题、引发联想，获得更杰出的作品。 运动照是快门的艺术 快快门使用:高速快门凝固运动 第26招:拍到更富张力的运动照，建议在运动的高潮瞬间拍摄成像，注意主体(人物)表情，光线要明亮，通常那些肉眼看不清特征的高速运动情景适宜快快门使用。 慢快门使用:低速快门创造动感 第27招:用慢快门与追随拍摄技法或变焦拍摄技法结合，使运动主体在画面上是清晰的，以背景上流逝状的线条或主体周围放射状的线条，可以将主体的运动强烈烘托。 数码微距拍摄的技巧 第28招:拍摄时应该尽量仔细选择焦平面的位置，把需要表现的细节尽量放在一个平面内，并使这个平面与相机后背平行。 第29招:控制光线的方向和质量，拍摄微距应该尽量避免阳光直射，那样容易产生高反差，把有的细节抹掉了。 长焦特写拍摄技巧 第30招:在拍摄时要运用高快门速度(最好高于1/200秒)，如果光线不足的情况下最好能使用三脚架。如果被拍物是动物和人，我们就要突出其特写神态。如果被拍物是静物，就突出它有特色的地方，比如一座被晨光照着的山峰，我们就去拍摄它被晨光照射的部分。 如果你真正看完了这30招的话，那么恭喜你，你已经从本质上上了一个台阶，我等着你的好片片哦～～ welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions