英语现在分词和过去分词

null非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词的类型: 非谓语动词的类型: Infinitive 不定式Gerund 动名词Participle 分词-ing 分词-ed 分词null -ing分词(以make为例 )-ed 分词Having mademakingbeing madeHaving been mademadeX X X 分词在句中承担的成分:分词在句中承担的成分:由于分词具有形容词性和副词性,在句子中不能充当具有名词特征的主语和宾语.1.作定语1.作定语3. The problem bothering us is the lack of money. 4. These are goods imported from Japan. --the sun which is rising-ing分词和-ed分词修饰名词有 前置位&后置位.1. the rising sun 2. He is a retired worker.--He is a worker who has already retired.e.g.前置位:后置位--- The problem (which is) bothering us is the lack of money What’s the difference between -ed and –ing participle?-ing分词表示“进行” -ed分词表示“完成”-ing分词表示“主动”-ed分词表示 “被动”主动进行被动完成在时态上:在语态上: --- These are goods (which were) imported from Japan. Exercises : Exercises : The _________(work) people have played a great role in the activity. I don't like ______(can) food , I prefer something fresh . workingcanned1. 站在她妈妈旁边的那个女孩看上去很胆小。 The girl_____________________ by her mother looked very timid. 2. 最近到处在议论的话题都与2008年奥运会有关。 The topics _____________________ everywhere recently are concerned about the Olympics 2008 .who was standingstandingbeing discussedwhich are being discussednullWhat’s the difference?1. The topics being discussed everywhere recently areconcerned about the Olympics 2008. to be discusseddiscussed进行完成将来2. The topics ________________(discuss) at tomorrow’s meeting are concerned about the Olympics 2008.3. The topics _______________ (discuss) at yesterday’s meeting were about the Olympics 2008.巩固一巩固练习一用所给动词的正确形式填空： 1)The man__________ (question) in the police station now is a spy． 2)A man_______ (respect) others will be respected． 3)Half of the guests _______(invite) to the conference were foreigners. 4)The matter _________(discuss) is very important． being questionedrespectinginvitedbeing discussednull5.被汽车撞伤的小孩马上被送到了医院。 The boy was sent to the hospital immediately. 6.每天给我办公室送邮件的人是位退休工人. The man every day is a retired worker .injured by the cardelivering mails to my office2.作表语2.作表语The glass is broken. The food smells inviting .What he said sounds__________ (convince). He was ___________(interest) in what he learned in Canada and he thought everything in Canada was ____________(interest)．convincinginterestedinteresting这道菜香味怡人。Please fill in the blank with the verb given：使…信服null类似情况还有：surprising ~surprised, exciting ~excited, tiring ~tired , disappointing ~disappointed, encouraging ~encouraged ， amazed ~amazing , bored ~boring , pleasing ~pleased, astonishing ~astonished. -ed 分词 Sb. + Link.v + -ed分词 -ing分词 Sth. + Link.v + -ing分词 人的感觉事物本身的特点巩固练习二巩固练习二用所给动词的-ed 或~ing形式填空： 1)The journey was quite______．(tire) 2)The result of the exam made me __________ ．(disappoint) 3)This was really an _______moment．(excite) 4)His ___________look suggested that he didn’t understand it．(puzzle) 5)He seemed quite _______at the idea. (delight) 6)The present situation is _________．(encourage)tiringdisappointedexcitingpuzzled delightedencouraging3.作补语3.作补语They caught him cheating in the mid-term examination He was caught cheating in the mid-term examination. You can't leave the workshop with the machine running. 1.宾语补足语2.主语补足语3.介词宾语补足语nullFill in the blank: 1.He was surprised to find his room thoroughly _______.(clean) 2.Last night I saw him _______(play) the violin with his eyes _______(shut). “被动”“主动”More exercisescleanedplayingshut“被动”nullI heard my sister ________ that song in English outside. (sing) They once heard the song _________ in English. Mother heard her kid ___________ the door . Mother heard the door _____________. (open) With the test _________(finish), we began to analyze the result. We __________________________ during our last meeting.我们留下了很多问题没解决. Would you please speak louder so as to ________? A. make you hear B. make yourself hear C. make you heard D. make yourself heardleft a lot of problems unsolvedDsingingsungopeningopened巩固练习三finished4.作状语分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语,而句子本身可与状语从句等句型转换。 4.作状语null1.When we heard the news, we jumped with joy. = Hearing the news ,we jumped with joy. 2.When it is heated, the metal expands. Heated, the metal expands. 3.Because he didn‘t know how to do it, he went to his father for help. = Not knowing how to do it, he went to his father for help. 4.As they were deeply moved, the children began to cry. = Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry. “主动”“被动”表示时间表示原因=null5. ________(look) out of the window, you can have a full view of the beach. = If you look out of the window, you can have a full view of the beach. 6._______ (keep) in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh. =If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh. 表示条件Looking Kept null7. The children rushed out, shouting and jumping. 8. She walked out of the house, ________by her little daughter. (follow) 9. She walked out of the house, ________ her little daughter. (follow) 10. ———— (consider) as a building material, wood is not very strong. = Although it is considered as a building material, wood is not very strong. e、表示让步表示方式和伴随情况followedfollowingConsidered 表示结果 表示结果11.The car was held up by the snowstorm, thus ______ (cause) the delay. 12.The glass fell to the ground, _____ (break) to pieces. 分词作状语时，分词前可加连词表示强调。e.g. heated, ice can be changed into water． When tired ,I went on with the work. walking in the street, I saw a road accident．WhileThoughcausingbrokennull1.作定语2.作表语4.作状语3.作补语分词分词的时态:分词的时态:-ing/ -ed +主句（不强调动作先后）; Having done Having been done e.g. 1.Used as a means of traffic in China, the bike is very useful. 2. Having been used for many years, the bike needs repairing. More exercises+ 主句（强调时间先后）null1)The president promised to keep all the board members_______ (inform) of how the negotiations were going on． 2)__________(be) there more than once, the old professor offered to show us around the newly-built library. 3)_______________(invite)to go to camping, Paul ordered a new sleeping bag． 4)____________ (not know) his telephone number, she lost touch with him.informedHaving beenHaving been invitedNot knowingnull分词的逻辑主语: 分词的逻辑主语一般为___________,但当分词的动作执行者和句子的动作执行者不一致时，分词前必须有自己的主语，e.g. If weather permits, we will have a field trip. Weather permitting, we‘ll have a field trip tomorrow ． 这被称为_____________。 时间允许,我们将在去杭州的路上顺道看一下我叔叔. Time permitting, we will visit my uncle on my way to Hangzhou.主句的主语分词的独立结构null*但有些分词作状语属习惯用法，分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语可以不一致。 如：Judging from the expression on his face, he had failed the driving test again． Generally speaking ,girls are more careful than boys . 类似的还有: Speaking of Talking of … 高考题高考题1.The flowers _____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.(2004) A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 2.The disc, digitally _____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.(2004) A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 3. Generally speaking, ____ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.(2003) A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be takenBBAnull4.________ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not receivedC5.Before _____, the machine must be checked. being used B. using it C. being used to D. using A6.____ better attention , the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and ____ them light. A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; givingDnull1.___ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To loseC“陷入深思”有两种表达法， A. Lose oneself in thought B. be lost in thought 综合练习null5) Victor apologized his_______ (not be) able to inform me of the change in the plan. 6) After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home,_________ (exhaust). 7) The discovery of new evidence led to the thief__________ (catch). 8) Generally______ (speak), When _____(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. 9) She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_______ (play) in making the earth a better place______ (live). not beingexhaustedbeing caughtspeakingtakento playto playnull10 ) Though_______ (lack) money, his parents managed______ (send) him to university. 11) -- How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -- The key________ (solve) the problem is _______(meet) the demand ________(make) by the customers. 12) With a lot of difficult problems__________ (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time. 13) _____ (suffer) such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late___ (clear) up the river. 14) Do let your mother____(know) all the truth. She appears__________ (tell) everything.lackingto sendto solvingto meetmadeto settleHaving sufferedto clearknowto have been toldnull16) Sandy could do nothing but______ (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong. 17) Mr. Reed made up his mind ________(devote) all he had to_____ (set) up some schools for poor children. 18) One learns a language by______ (make) mistakes and________ (correct) them. 19) I've worked with children before, so I know what__________ (expect) in my new job. 20) Tony was very unhappy for_____________ (not invite) to the party. admitto devotesettingmakingcorrectingto expectnot having been invitednull21)_____ (give) the general state of his health, it may take him a while__________ (recover) from the operation. 22) There are five pairs of shoes___________ (choose) from, but I'm at a loss which_______ (buy). 23) Cleaning women in big cities usually get_________ (pay) by the hour. 24) What worried the child most was his__________ (not allow) visit his mother in the hospital 25 ) He claimed__________________ (treat) in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.Givento recoverto chooseto buypaidnot being allowedto have badly treatednull26) _______ (fetch) water before breakfast seemed to me a rule never__________ (break). 27) While_______ (shop), people sometimes can't help _____________(persuade) into buying something they don't really need. 28) She looks forward every spring to____ (walk) in the flower-lined garden. 29) Once your business becomes international, ____(fly) constantly will part of your life 30) The little time we have together we try_________ (spend) wisely. To fetchto be brokenshoppingbeing persuadedwalkingflyingto spendnull1)I meant to buy an evening paper, but I didn't see anyone ______(sell) them. 2)Just now I saw a man______ (walk) in the street, with a little girl _______(seat) on his shoulder． 3)The lady would love to have her luggage _______(weigh). 4)The thief was caught______ (steal) goods in the supermarket again ． 5)---What happened to Mr. White early this morning ? ---Oh，he was seen______ (knock) down and the driver_______ (drive) away．sellingwalkingseatedweighedstealingknockeddrove巩固练习四