高线公园_纽约_纽约州_美国

32 世界建筑 2010/01 城市：詹姆斯·科纳Field Operations事务所，迪勒·斯科费迪欧+伦弗罗事务所 URBAN DESIGN: James Corner Field Operations, Diller Scofidio + Renfro 高线公园，纽约，纽约州，美国 THE HIGH LINE, NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK, USA 33生态城市主义/ECOLOGICAL URBANISM 在这里，自然收回了一块曾经非常重要的城市基础 设施用地，设计旨在将这条工业运输线转变成后工业时代 的休闲空间，“创造”高线之美。“植—筑”的设计策略通 过改变步行道与植被的常规布局方式，将有机栽培与建筑 材料按不断变化的比例关系结合起来，创造出多样的空间 体验：荒野的，文雅的，私密的，公共的。新“高线”景 观独特的线性体验与哈德逊河公园的行色匆匆形成鲜明的 对比，它更加悠然自得、超脱世俗，在保留基地的另类和 野性的同时，体现出一个新型公共空间所应具有的功能性 和大众性。“植—筑”概念是整个设计策略的基础——地 面铺装和种植体系的设计呈现出软硬面不断变化的比例 关系，从高使用率区域（100%硬表面）过渡到丰富的植 栽环境（100%软表面），为使用者带来了丰富的体验。 我们一直致力于尊重高线场地的自身特色：它的单 一性和线性，它简单明了的实用性，它与草地、灌木丛、 藤蔓、苔藓和花卉等野生植被以及与道碴、钢铁和混凝 土的融合性。我们的解决主要体现在3个层面：首 先是铺装系统，条状混凝土板为基本单元，它们之间留 有开放式接口，接缝被特别设计成锥形，植物可以从坚 硬的混凝土板之间生长出来。铺装系统的设计与其说是 步道，倒不如说是一种犁田式景观，这种混杂营造出一 种独特的肌理，行人自然地融入其中，毫无旁观者的距 离感。植被的选择和设置不同于传统的修剪式园林，呈 现出一种野性的生机与活力，体现了场地本身极端的环 境特点和浅根植物的特性。第二个策略是让一切放缓， 营造出一种时空无限延展的轻松氛围。悠长的楼梯、蜿 蜒的小路、幽深的环境，使人放缓脚步流连其间。第三 个层面则是比例尺度的精心处理，尽量避免当前追求大 而醒目的趋势，而采用一种更加微妙灵活的手段。公共 空间层叠交替，沿着一条简洁有致的路线呈现出不同的 景观，让人沿途领略到了曼哈顿和哈德逊河的旖旎景 色。□（项琳斐 译） 1 2 1 高线，夜景/High Line, night view (© Iwan Baan) 2 地段位置与城市环境/Location, context (© 2009 Friends of the High Line) 34 世界建筑 2010/01 3 4 5 6 3 切尔西市场入口/Entrance to Chelsea Market (© Barrett Doherty) 4 迪勒—冯弗斯腾伯格日光甲板与水景/Diller-Von Furstenberg Sundeck & Water Feature (© Barrett Doherty) 5 华盛顿草场/Washington Grassland (© Iwan Baan) 6 冈斯福特广场/Gansevoort Plaza (© Barrett Doherty) 7 高线一期平面/High line, section 1, plan (© 2009 Friends of the High Line) 8 切尔西草场/Chelsea Grassland (© JR in NYC@flickr.com) 9 第10大道广场/10th Avenue Square (© Barrett Doherty) 10 切尔西草场/Chelsea Grassland (© Barrett Doherty) 7 切尔西草场 第 10大道广场 北部支线 历史性保留 高线卫生间 切尔西市场 南部支线 迪勒 - 冯弗斯腾伯格 日光甲板与水景 14街入口 华盛顿草场 冈斯福特林地 冈斯福特楼梯 冈斯福特广场 35生态城市主义/ECOLOGICAL URBANISM Inspired by the melancholic, “found”beauty of the High Line, where nature has reclaimed a once- vital piece of urban infrastructure, the design aims to re-fit this industrial conveyance into a post-industrial instrument of leisure. By changing the rules of engagement between plant life and pedestrians, our strategy of “agri-tecture”combines organic and building materials into a blend of changing proportions that accommodates the wild, the cultivated, the intimate, and the social. In stark contrast to the speed of Hudson River Park, the singular linear experience of the new High Line landscape is marked by slowness, distraction and an other-worldliness that preserves the strange, wild character of the High Line, yet doesn’t underestimate its intended use and popularity as a new public space. This notion underpins the overall strategy－the invention of a new paving and planting system that allows for varying ratios of hard to soft surface that transition from high use areas (100% hard) to richly vegetated biotopes (100% soft), with a variety of experiential gradients in between. Our position has always been to try and respect the character of the High Line itself: its singularity and linearity, its straight-forward pragmatism, its emergent properties with wild plant-life－meadows, thickets, vines, mosses, flowers－intermixed with ballast, steel and concrete. Our solution is primarily threefold: first the paving system, built from linear concrete planks with open joints, specially tapered edges and seams that permit intermingling of plant- life with harder materials. Less a pathway and more a combed or furrowed landscape, this intermixing creates a textural effect of immersion, strolling “within” rather than feeling distanced from. The selection and arrangement of grasses and plants further helps to define a wild, dynamic character, distinct from a typical manicured landscape, and representative of the extreme conditions and shallow rooting depth. The second strategy is to slow things down, to promote a sense of duration and of being in another place, where time seems less pressing. Long stairways, meandering pathways, and hidden niches encourage 8 9 10 36 世界建筑 2010/01 12 11 植—筑：不同植物体系对应的灵活材料组织系统/Agri-tecture: a flexible responsive system of material organization where diverse ecologies may grow.(© James Corner Field Operations and Diller Scofidio + Renfro) 12 种植装置/Planting installation (© James Corner Field Operations) 13－16 不同铺板与种植模式/Diverse planking and planting pattern (13 © Timothy Schenck,14.15 © Barrett Doherty,16 © Iwan Baan) 软表面 硬表面 铺板体系 典型铺板 转变：剖面变细 转变：平面＋剖面变细转变：平面变细 转变：弯曲 深坑 平原 桥 土丘 坡道 架桥 苔藓地 湿/Wet 高草地 干/Dry 湿地 林地灌木湿/Wet 湿/平均 Wet/Average 混杂四季草地 干/平均 Dry/Average 早期林地 平均/Average 37生态城市主义/ECOLOGICAL URBANISM 13 15 38 世界建筑 2010/01 39生态城市主义/ECOLOGICAL URBANISM