五河复读合肥艺荣高复艺术生文化课历史试题2

五河复读合肥艺荣高复艺术生文化课历史试题2 第四讲 近代西方资本主义政治的确立与发展(英美法德) 本单元的核心内容是近代西方资产阶级代议制的确立与发展。以英、美、法、德四国代议制政体的确立为 代表，开创了近代西方民主政治体制。由于各国国情不同，各国代议制呈现出不同的特征，体现了世界各国政治 文明的多元化、多样性。英国制度演变体现了连续性、渐进性、创新性的特点。联邦制、分权制衡、民主的原则 是美国宪法的主要特征。法国政体反复演变，共和制的道路漫长曲折;1875年宪法确立起较为完善的议会共和英国议会包括上院和下院，上院议员由国王任命，下院掌握实权。英国议会下院大选中获胜的多数党制。德意志君主立宪制带有浓厚的专制主义和军国主义色彩，是不彻底、不完善的代议制。 领袖，即为首相。首相通过国王形式上的任命即可组阁。内阁成员与首相在政治上共进退。内阁对议会负 责，议会监督内阁。 ,课程:, 思维升华——英国君主立宪制的特点 1(1)在君主立宪政体下，君主处于“统而不治”的地位，其作为国家象征的地位更为突出。 、了解《权利法案》制定和责任制内阁形成的史实，理解英国资产阶级君主立宪制的特点。 2、说出美国《1787年宪法》的主要内容和联邦制的权力结构。 (2)国家的权力中心在议会，法律上赋予国王的权力都由内阁和议会行使，由内阁掌握行政权并对议会负责。 3、知道《法兰西第三共和国宪法》和《德意志帝国宪法》的主要内容。 (3)君主立宪制以责任内阁制为核心，以代议制民主为基础。内阁权力逐步扩大。 英国君主立宪制的确立 一、背景 清单2?美国共和政体的确立 1 历史渊源:13世纪初颁布《________》以限制王权，并逐渐形成召开议会决定重大事宜的制度。 2 经济基础:资本主义经济的发展(海外掠夺、殖民扩张、圈地运动) 一、1787年宪法制定的背景 3 阶级基础:英国资产阶级和________的力量壮大。 1.1776年，英属北美13个殖民地宣布独立，结成松散的邦联，美利坚合众国诞生。 4 政治前提:1640—1688年的资产阶级革命最终解决了国王与议会的权力之争。 2.1783年独立战争胜利结束。面对新形势下的问题，邦联政府显得软弱无力。 二、英国君主立宪制的确立 3.美国的政治领袖们意识到，只有建立强有力的中央政府才能保护国家的利益与主权。 二、美国共和制的确立 1.联邦制原则 易误辨析——邦联制与联邦制 1邦联制:无联邦的最高立法、行政机关，其邦联会议的决议须经成员国认可且无法律效力。邦联也不是国[史论术语] 际交往的主体，各成员国仍是有主权的独立国家。 代议制:由公民选举产生的代表民意的机关来行使国家权力的制度。它是一种间接民主的形式，通常以议会作为2联邦制:联邦政府行使国家主权，是对外交往的主体。参加联邦的各州，可以根据联邦宪法制定本州的宪 代表民意的机关。 法和法律，并在自己的管辖区内行使权力。 君主立宪制: 以世袭的君主为国家元首，君主权力按宪法规定受到一定限制的政权组织形式。 3美国实行的是联邦制，又是共和制。从国家结构形式上说，美国是联邦制;从政体上说，美国是共和制。 [轻巧识记] ——国王与责任制内阁 2.实行三权分立和分权制衡原则 international, Unicom international market, adapted future people on city of development needs, based Yu industry support, and traffic advantage, and Yangtze River culture, and ecological civilization, advantage, established city development target: radiation absorb Yangtze River upstream chuan Yunnan Guizhou of regional center, and international ecological landscape culture city. 2.3.2 economic development in Yibin city, goal 2020 GDP reached 300 billion yuan, the per capita GDP reached 58000 2030 regional GDP reached 800 billion yuan, the per capita GDP reached 138000. 2020 industrial structure adjustment in Yibin city as 9:56:35; 2030 industrial structure adjustment for the 6:47:47. Industrial output by 2020 of 510 billion yuan in 2030 and reach 1.2 trillion yuan. 2.4 of the urban population and land size 2.4.1 Yibin city, population size according to the different forecasting methods and the size of population environmental capacity check, the downtown main future population projections for the year are as follows: downtown main future population projections for the year (unit: million) forecast methods, 2020, 2030, balancing method for 130-150 table 2.4-1 170-190 ultra high speed development of relationship between economic and labour law development of 150 210 140 180 General develop 130 1.7 million people, resources and environment capacity check land population carrying capacity--280 water resources and population capacity-does not constitute a binding comprehensive prediction of ecological resources coupled--310 results of 140-180 in 2020, the actual resident population of about 1.4 million people; 2030 the actual resident population of about 1.8 million people. 2.4.2 the use of scale, Yibin city 2030 per capita index of urban construction land in the center of 100 square meters per person. Yibin city construction land standards and scale of table table 2.4-2 year population size (mass) land size (km2) land per capita ((km2/people) 2012 82.5 76.19 92.4 2020 140 140 100 2030 2030 Yibin 180 180 100 figure 2.4-1 figure 2.5 land-use planning layout of urban space in centralexternal traffic link between the groups still need to be resolved through through the old town, causing pressure organized by OLC took on too much traffic, the city is becoming more and more restricted by this mode of transportation. Meanwhile, across the bridge for the bridge-building standards, increasingly difficult to host a growing number of traffic across the river channel gradually becomes the bottleneck of urban transportation organization, city is relatively inefficient. Figure 2.1-5 Yibin city land-use Figure 2.2 urban nature and development 2.2.1 city properties is a national historical and cultural city in Yibin city, China, Department of Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou-based regional center in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. 2.2.2 development mainly in the center of the city, Yibin city functions the following functions: (1) central area of Yibin city, an important manufacturing base in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River form the famous liquor industry development base depth, comprehensive energy development base, major equipment manufacturing base, of new chemical and textile material base, green food processing base, strategic emerging industries base "six industrial bases" for the characteristics of the construction of advanced manufacturing base. (2) Department of Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou combines modern services centre in Yibin city in Sichuan province, into rivers and the sea transport hub, trade and Logistics Center, South City Group in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River financial center, South Innovation Center for science, education and culture, southern Business Center for the development of goals, promote service ... 2.3.1 city development total target Yibin as chuan Yunnan Guizhou combined Department integrated strength most strong of Center City, should jumped out of South, led regional open, looking (1)法国封建君主专制势力强大，君主观念根深蒂固; (2)共和国时期政局动荡、缺乏威信，引起人民不满 (3)法国传统小农经济的长期影响，特别是工业资产阶级力量不够强大; (4)法国大革命多次遭受欧洲封建势力的武装干涉。 二、确立标志: 1875年法兰西第三共和国宪法的颁布 [巧思妙记] 法兰西第三共和国宪法的内容 思维升华——美国三权分立的体制实现了权力的制约和平衡 (1)立法、行政、司法三种权力分设，国会掌握立法权;但总统有权否决国会通过的法案。 (2)总统行使行政权，但国会有弹劾总统的权力。 (3)总统和国会可以通过拥有对最高法官提名和任命的权力来限制最高法院的权力，最高法院可以宣布国会的 立法和总统的行政命令因“违宪”而无效。 三、美国民主共和制的特点 1.美国1787年宪法体现了“分权与制衡”原则，反映了资产阶级民主精神。 2.美国联邦制确立了中央集权与地方分权相结合的权力结构。 清单4?德意志帝国的君主立宪制 3.两党制交替执政，是美国共和政体的一大特色。 四、对《1787年宪法》的评价 一、前提:德意志的统一 1.统一的原因:德意志四分五裂的状态严重阻碍资本主义的发展。 积极性: 2.领导:俾斯麦 性质:世界第一部比较完整的资产阶级成文宪法 3.方式:实行“铁血政策” 通过王朝统一战争 政治:?有力维护了美国的独立和统一 ?它强调加强国家权力，又在权力结构中突出“分权与制衡”原则，体现了一定的民主精神 4.标志:1871年初，德意志帝国的建立。 二、德意志君主立宪制的确立:1871年德意志帝国宪法的颁布 经济:促进资本主义发展，从制度上保证了美国的发展、强大 权力与地位 局限性:允许奴隶制的存在;不承认妇女、黑人、和印第安人具有同白人男子相等的权利 机构 国家元首、任命官吏、创制法律、统率军队、决定帝国内外政策及主宰议会 皇帝 在内阁中拥有绝对权力，只对皇帝负责 清单3?艰难的法兰西共和之路 宰相 联邦议会是帝国的最高机构，代表由各邦君主任命; 一、 政治前提:法兰西第三共和国的建立 议会 帝国议会由普选产生，作用很小 1(走向共和的曲折历程 (1)背景 三、对《德意志帝国宪法》的评价 ?17、18世纪，法国波旁王朝是欧洲大陆上典型的君主专制国家。 以议会形式粉饰门面、混杂着封建主义残余、已经受到资产阶级影响、按官僚制度组织起来、并以警察来保 ?法国启蒙思想家批判专制和特权，宣扬自由和平等，提倡法治、________和三权分立。 ?启蒙运动和美国独立战争的影响。 卫的、军事专制制度的国家 ——马克思 (2)过程 1 .形式上确立了德国实行君主立宪政体，使帝国披上了民主的外衣; ?1789年法国爆发革命，建立了君主立宪制。 2 .推动资本主义迅速发展，跻身强国之列; ?1792年，法国废除君主制，建立了共和国，史称______________。 3 .专制主义和军国主义色彩浓厚，是不彻底和不完善的代议制。 ?此后，法国政局不断震荡，政权频繁更迭，政体反复变换。 [误区警示] (波旁王朝——第一共和国——第一帝国——第二共和国——第二帝国——第三共和国) 德国君主立宪制不同于英国君主立宪制。英国的君主立宪制是议会制君主立宪制，君主是虚，议会是实; [误区警示] 法国共和派与保皇派之间的斗争并不是先进与落后、不同阶级之间的斗争，而是资产阶级内部关于德国是二元制君主立宪制，议会是虚，君主是实，因而立法权掌握在皇帝手中，是一种不健全的民主代议制。 政体的斗争，是资产阶级不同派别的利益之争。 [重点问题]:法国共和制确立为什么如此艰难, international, Unicom international market, adapted future people on city of development needs, based Yu industry support, and traffic advantage, and Yangtze River culture, and ecological civilization, advantage, established city development target: radiation absorb Yangtze River upstream chuan Yunnan Guizhou of regional center, and international ecological landscape culture city. 2.3.2 economic development in Yibin city, goal 2020 GDP reached 300 billion yuan, the per capita GDP reached 58000 2030 regional GDP reached 800 billion yuan, the per capita GDP reached 138000. 2020 industrial structure adjustment in Yibin city as 9:56:35; 2030 industrial structure adjustment for the 6:47:47. Industrial output by 2020 of 510 billion yuan in 2030 and reach 1.2 trillion yuan. 2.4 of the urban population and land size 2.4.1 Yibin city, population size according to the different forecasting methods and the size of population environmental capacity check, the downtown main future population projections for the year are as follows: downtown main future population projections for the year (unit: million) forecast methods, 2020, 2030, balancing method for 130-150 table 2.4-1 170-190 ultra high speed development of relationship between economic and labour law development of 150 210 140 180 General develop 130 1.7 million people, resources and environment capacity check land population carrying capacity--280 water resources and population capacity-does not constitute a binding comprehensive prediction of ecological resources coupled--310 results of 140-180 in 2020, the actual resident population of about 1.4 million people; 2030 the actual resident population of about 1.8 million people. 2.4.2 the use of scale, Yibin city 2030 per capita index of urban construction land in the center of 100 square meters per person. Yibin city construction land standards and scale of table table 2.4-2 year population size (mass) land size (km2) land per capita ((km2/people) 2012 82.5 76.19 92.4 2020 140 140 100 2030 2030 Yibin 180 180 100 figure 2.4-1 figure 2.5 land-use planning layout of urban space in centralexternal traffic link between the groups still need to be resolved through through the old town, causing pressure organized by OLC took on too much traffic, the city is becoming more and more restricted by this mode of transportation. Meanwhile, across the bridge for the bridge-building standards, increasingly difficult to host a growing number of traffic across the river channel gradually becomes the bottleneck of urban transportation organization, city is relatively inefficient. Figure 2.1-5 Yibin city land-use Figure 2.2 urban nature and development 2.2.1 city properties is a national historical and cultural city in Yibin city, China, Department of Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou-based regional center in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. 2.2.2 development mainly in the center of the city, Yibin city functions the following functions: (1) central area of Yibin city, an important manufacturing base in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River form the famous liquor industry development base depth, comprehensive energy development base, major equipment manufacturing base, of new chemical and textile material base, green food processing base, strategic emerging industries base "six industrial bases" for the characteristics of the construction of advanced manufacturing base. (2) Department of Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou combines modern services centre in Yibin city in Sichuan province, into rivers and the sea transport hub, trade and Logistics Center, South City Group in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River financial center, South Innovation Center for science, education and culture, southern Business Center for the development of goals, promote service ... 2.3.1 city development total target Yibin as chuan Yunnan Guizhou combined Department integrated strength most strong of Center City, should jumped out of South, led regional open, looking 3(历史学家汤因比认为，英国是近代代议制民主的先驱。因为英国光荣革命后产生了对后世影响巨大的( ) [归纳升华] A(第一部成文宪法 B(多党制的议会 C(总统制 D(君主立宪政体 1.欧美代议制的发展线索 4(“我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的:人人生而平等„„为了保障这些权利，人类才在他们之间建立政府，而 政府之正当权力，是经被统治者的同意而产生的。当任何形式的政府对这些目标具破坏作用时，人民便有权力 改变或废除它，以建立一个新的政府。”《独立宣言》认为政府产生的前提是( ) A(人人平等 B(保障人权 C(推翻旧政权 D(人民同意 5(美国建立之初，“自由主义者确信:暴政和中央集权是连在一起不能分离的”。因此他们主张实行( ) A(共和制 B(联邦制 C(邦联制 D(三权分立 6(法国《人权宣言》提出:“法律是公共意志的表现„„在法律面前所有的公民都是平等的。”可见，《人权 宣言》认为政治民主化就是要保证( ) A(法律面前人人平等 B(议会是立法机关 C(私有财产不可侵犯 D(人们的绝对自由 7((2014?岳西毕业班摸底)某部法律文献有如下规定:该部法律文献最有可能是( ) 2. 比较近代英、美、法、德四国代议制 A(《大宪章》 B(《独立宣言》 C(《人权宣言》 D(《拿破仑法典》 8(法国宪法修改频繁，但多部法国宪法都以《人权宣言》作为序言，这是因为它( ) A(宣布废除君主制 B(确立了法国的政治体制 C(宣布了关于人权、公民权和法治的一系列原则 D(充分阐明了三权分立原则 9(《人权宣言》宣称，所有公民都能平等地根据自己的能力，在教会中、政府中或军队中，担任一切官职、公 共职位和职务。该规定实质上否定了( ) 3.评价资产阶级代议制 A(君主立宪统治 B(封建等级制度 C(天主教神学思想 D(“君权神授”思想 积极作用: 10(下列关于《独立宣言》和《人权宣言》的叙述，正确的是( ) 保证了资本主义经济的持续发展和繁荣。使欧洲启蒙运动的民主思想由理论付诸实践; A(《独立宣言》是《人权宣言》在美洲的翻版 B(都确立了三权分立的议会民主体制 C(都以国家的名义倡导天赋人权、自由平等的原则 D(都用财产的不平等代替了基于出身的不平等 是对封建君主专制政体的否定; 11(阅读下列材料，回答问题。(20分) 从法律上巩固了资产阶级革命和改革的成果; 材料一 密尔(1806，1873年)认为～代议制民主中～民主的一面有其正面的作用:它可以使人们依靠自己调节、缓和了社会矛盾，稳定了社会秩序: 保护自己的权利～提高个人的尊严、独立性、自觉意识与公共精神。但是～代议制民主只应该体现于选民对其推动了世界民主化进程;(还扩展到了亚洲) 代表的选举和代表对政府的监督上面～至于政府的实际运作则应该交给那些专门知识的政治精英进行。密尔思局 限 性: 想中的精英主义倾向是非常强的。 ——摘编自《西方政治思想史》 仍然是资产阶级利益集团的代表。立法权与行政权之间因相互牵制而导致效率下降;在法德等国民主制度材料二 根据代议制理论～定期参加议会选举是人民参与国家决策的一种理想形式～经人民定期选举产生尚未成熟。 的议会或总统,原则上是全体人民的代表～他们的决策权反映的是人民的意愿～但这种理论遇到了来自理论与 实践两方面的挑战。„„选民通过选举只能确定决策者～而并非参加实际的决策过程。 跟踪演练，知能提升 ——摘自《欧美学界对公民投票制度的研究》 1((2014?枞阳摸底)1714年安妮女王去世后，按英国王位传统继承办法，王位就要复归詹姆士二世及其世系，但 (1)据材料一，归纳密尔对代议制的看法。(8分) 最终是德意志王公乔治一世得到了继承权。乔治一世意外得到王位继承权是因为议会通过了( ) A(《权利请愿书》 B(《大抗议书》 C(《权利法案》 D(《王位继承法》 2(英国某政治理论家认为法律属于全体社会成员，遵守法律也是社会全体成员的事„„这是一种公共权力，而 公共权力高于一切个人。但法律一经制定，政府形式一经选择，就不得更改。国王一经产生，就不可以再剥夺(2)据材料一、二和所学知识，简述18、19世纪西方“代议制民主”中的“民主”的影响。(12分) 其已有的权力，因为权力是群体赋予的。他意在( ) A(强调遵守法律的重要性 B(为君主专制提供合法性 C(说明公共权力高于一切个人 D(说明君主的权力来自于人民 international, Unicom international market, adapted future people on city of development needs, based Yu industry support, and 3 traffic advantage, and Yangtze River culture, and ecological civilization, advantage, established city development target: radiation absorb Yangtze River upstream chuan Yunnan Guizhou of regional center, and international ecological landscape culture city. 2.3.2 economic development in Yibin city, goal 2020 GDP reached 300 billion yuan, the per capita GDP reached 58000 2030 regional GDP reached 800 billion yuan, the per capita GDP reached 138000. 2020 industrial structure adjustment in Yibin city as 9:56:35; 2030 industrial structure adjustment for the 6:47:47. Industrial output by 2020 of 510 billion yuan in 2030 and reach 1.2 trillion yuan. 2.4 of the urban population and land size 2.4.1 Yibin city, population size according to the different forecasting methods and the size of population environmental capacity check, the downtown main future population projections for the year are as follows: downtown main future population projections for the year (unit: million) forecast methods, 2020, 2030, balancing method for 130-150 table 2.4-1 170-190 ultra high speed development of relationship between economic and labour law development of 150 210 140 180 General develop 130 1.7 million people, resources and environment capacity check land population carrying capacity--280 water resources and population capacity-does not constitute a binding comprehensive prediction of ecological resources coupled--310 results of 140-180 in 2020, the actual resident population of about 1.4 million people; 2030 the actual resident population of about 1.8 million people. 2.4.2 the use of scale, Yibin city 2030 per capita index of urban construction land in the center of 100 square meters per person. Yibin city construction land standards and scale of table table 2.4-2 year population size (mass) land size (km2) land per capita ((km2/people) 2012 82.5 76.19 92.4 2020 140 140 100 2030 2030 Yibin 180 180 100 figure 2.4-1 figure 2.5 land-use planning layout of urban space in centralexternal traffic link between the groups still need to be resolved through through the old town, causing pressure organized by OLC took on too much traffic, the city is becoming more and more restricted by this mode of transportation. Meanwhile, across the bridge for the bridge-building standards, increasingly difficult to host a growing number of traffic across the river channel gradually becomes the bottleneck of urban transportation organization, city is relatively inefficient. Figure 2.1-5 Yibin city land-use Figure 2.2 urban nature and development 2.2.1 city properties is a national historical and cultural city in Yibin city, China, Department of Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou-based regional center in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. 2.2.2 development mainly in the center of the city, Yibin city functions the following functions: (1) central area of Yibin city, an important manufacturing base in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River form the famous liquor industry development base depth, comprehensive energy development base, major equipment manufacturing base, of new chemical and textile material base, green food processing base, strategic emerging industries base "six industrial bases" for the characteristics of the construction of advanced manufacturing base. (2) Department of Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou combines modern services centre in Yibin city in Sichuan province, into rivers and the sea transport hub, trade and Logistics Center, South City Group in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River financial center, South Innovation Center for science, education and culture, southern Business Center for the development of goals, promote service ... 2.3.1 city development total target Yibin as chuan Yunnan Guizhou combined Department integrated strength most strong of Center City, should jumped out of South, led regional open, looking 旧中国的首要条件，而是这种隔绝状态在英国的努力之下被暴力所打破的时候，接踵而来的必然是解体的过程， 正如小心保存在密闭棺木中的木乃伊一接触新鲜空气便必然会解体一样。 ————马克思《中国革命和欧洲革命》 史料二 我们反思这场战争，不是计较一场军事战争的胜负，它不是一个军事问题，而是一个军事战争的 胜负，它不是一个军事问题，而是一个思想问题，中国文明，经历了内部的改良与革命，还有外来的侵略和支援， 从清朝的封闭和黑暗的中世纪文化，重新回到全面开放和多样化的近代文明转型。 ——————裴钰《改变中国——鸦片战争英国出兵170周年反思》 史料三 一般而言，历史事件随着时光流逝其意义日减，鸦片战争则不然。它是中国历史的转折，提出了第四单元 近代中国反侵略、求民主的潮流 中国必须近代化的历史使命。中国的近代化一日未完成，鸦片战争的意义就一分不会减。 ————茅海建《天朝的崩溃》 结合以上史料，分析鸦片战争对近代中国产生了怎样的影响, 近代前期，列强发动了两次鸦片战争、甲午中日战争和八国联军侵华等战争，中华民族进行了英勇不屈的 反抗，救亡图存成为时代最强音。太平天国运动、义和团运动和辛亥革命是旧民主主义革命时期的重大事件， 五四运动中接受了马克思主义的知识分子与工人阶级明确提出了反帝反封建的主张，使中国进入了新民主主义 革命的新阶段。 第5讲 从鸦片战争到八国联军侵华 [课程标准] 列举1840年至1900年间西方列强的侵华史实～ 两次鸦片战争 [易误指正] 对半殖民地半封建社会的理解 错误理解:?中国社会一半是殖民地社会，一半是封建社会;?中国社会在政治上是半殖民地的，在经济上 是半封建的;?中国沿海地区是殖民地社会，内地是封建社会。 正确理解:?半殖民地是失去部分而不是失去全部国家主权;?半封建是既保存了封建主义又发展了资本主 义;?半殖民地主要是从国家的政治地位上看的，半封建主要是从社会经济结构上看的;?从社会发 展形态而言，中国成为半殖民地是历史的沉沦，成为半封建则是历史的进步;?半殖民地是促成半封 建的原因，半封建又是半殖民地的基础。 [史论术语] [自主探究——通过史实史料认知历史] 鸦片战争使中国开始沦为半殖民地半封建社会，第二次鸦片战争后程度加深;两次鸦片战争客观上反映了主题一鸦片战争的影响 | 工业革命后西方列强商品输出的。 史料一 英国的大炮破坏了中国皇帝的权威，迫使天朝帝国与地上的世界接触，与外界完全隔绝曾是保存 international, Unicom international market, adapted future people on city of development needs, based Yu industry support, and traffic advantage, and Yangtze River culture, and ecological civilization, advantage, established city development target: radiation absorb Yangtze River upstream chuan Yunnan Guizhou of regional center, and international ecological landscape culture city. 2.3.2 economic development in Yibin city, goal 2020 GDP reached 300 billion yuan, the per capita GDP reached 58000 2030 regional GDP reached 800 billion yuan, the per capita GDP reached 138000. 2020 industrial structure adjustment in Yibin city as 9:56:35; 2030 industrial structure adjustment for the 6:47:47. Industrial output by 2020 of 510 billion yuan in 2030 and reach 1.2 trillion yuan. 2.4 of the urban population and land size 2.4.1 Yibin city, population size according to the different forecasting methods and the size of population environmental capacity check, the downtown main future population projections for the year are as follows: downtown main future population projections for the year (unit: million) forecast methods, 2020, 2030, balancing method for 130-150 table 2.4-1 170-190 ultra high speed development of relationship between economic and labour law development of 150 210 140 180 General develop 130 1.7 million people, resources and environment capacity check land population carrying capacity--280 water resources and population capacity-does not constitute a binding comprehensive prediction of ecological resources coupled--310 results of 140-180 in 2020, the actual resident population of about 1.4 million people; 2030 the actual resident population of about 1.8 million people. 2.4.2 the use of scale, Yibin city 2030 per capita index of urban construction land in the center of 100 square meters per person. Yibin city construction land standards and scale of table table 2.4-2 year population size (mass) land size (km2) land per capita ((km2/people) 2012 82.5 76.19 92.4 2020 140 140 100 2030 2030 Yibin 180 180 100 figure 2.4-1 figure 2.5 land-use planning layout of urban space in centralexternal traffic link between the groups still need to be resolved through through the old town, causing pressure organized by OLC took on too much traffic, the city is becoming more and more restricted by this mode of transportation. Meanwhile, across the bridge for the bridge-building standards, increasingly difficult to host a growing number of traffic across the river channel gradually becomes the bottleneck of urban transportation organization, city is relatively inefficient. Figure 2.1-5 Yibin city land-use Figure 2.2 urban nature and development 2.2.1 city properties is a national historical and cultural city in Yibin city, China, Department of Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou-based regional center in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. 2.2.2 development mainly in the center of the city, Yibin city functions the following functions: (1) central area of Yibin city, an important manufacturing base in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River form the famous liquor industry development base depth, comprehensive energy development base, major equipment manufacturing base, of new chemical and textile material base, green food processing base, strategic emerging industries base "six industrial bases" for the characteristics of the construction of advanced manufacturing base. (2) Department of Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou combines modern services centre in Yibin city in Sichuan province, into rivers and the sea transport hub, trade and Logistics Center, South City Group in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River financial center, South Innovation Center for science, education and culture, southern Business Center for the development of goals, promote service ... 2.3.1 city development total target Yibin as chuan Yunnan Guizhou combined Department integrated strength most strong of Center City, should jumped out of South, led regional open, looking 朝鲜战场失利，李鸿章在向朝廷:“平壤之败，因由寡不敌众，亦因器械之相悬，并非战阵之不 力。„„”李鸿章的结论是“彼之军械强于我，技艺强于我”。 黄海战后„„李鸿章更加保守，对海战完全失去信心。„„此后，舰队只是困守港口，北洋海军作为一个 战略军事力量，拱卫渤海的使命就此不复存在。 服务于北洋舰队的外籍人士肯宁威说:“中国人在鸭绿江上(指黄海海战)是可以得胜的，假使他们的炮弹中日甲午战争和八国联军侵华战争 不是实着泥沙。这不是海军提督的过错，而是军需局的坏蛋官吏的罪恶。” ——以上史料均摘编自《甲午战争的历史教训》 综合以上史料，甲午中日战争中国战败的主要原因是什么, 清单3 ,八国联军侵华战争 [概念阐释] “资本输出” 是资本主义发展高级阶段对外经济侵略的主要手段。“资本输出”指资本主义国家为获得高额利润，用过 剩资本向其他国家投资或贷款。资本主义列强对华经济侵略在19 世纪70年代以前以商品输出为主，但也开始 了早期的资本输出。19世纪晚期后，西方侵华以资本输出为主，商品输出为辅，主要形式有投资设厂、修筑铁[合作探究——通过题源材料思悟历史] 列强侵华的方式和趋势 路等，直接利用中国的原料、市场、劳动力，大肆掠夺中国的资源，并划分势力范围，中国的民族危机大大加 [题源材料] 摘自2009年山东高考T 29深了。 [自主探究——通过史实史料认知历史] 中日甲午战争中国战败的主要原因 史料 一些有识之士，如两江总督沈葆祯，台湾巡抚刘铭传等看出“倭人不可轻视”，但朝廷和大部分政 要对日本的认识还停留在“蕞尔小邦”的阶段，“不以倭人为意”。„„ 李鸿章想利用各国之间的利益冲突遏制日本，解除中日军事对峙„„他认为“列强必有区处，必有收 场”，命令部下“静守勿动”，“保舰勿失”，既贻误了军机，又影响了士气。 international, Unicom international market, adapted future people on city of development needs, based Yu industry support, and 5 traffic advantage, and Yangtze River culture, and ecological civilization, advantage, established city development target: radiation absorb Yangtze River upstream chuan Yunnan Guizhou of regional center, and international ecological landscape culture city. 2.3.2 economic development in Yibin city, goal 2020 GDP reached 300 billion yuan, the per capita GDP reached 58000 2030 regional GDP reached 800 billion yuan, the per capita GDP reached 138000. 2020 industrial structure adjustment in Yibin city as 9:56:35; 2030 industrial structure adjustment for the 6:47:47. Industrial output by 2020 of 510 billion yuan in 2030 and reach 1.2 trillion yuan. 2.4 of the urban population and land size 2.4.1 Yibin city, population size according to the different forecasting methods and the size of population environmental capacity check, the downtown main future population projections for the year are as follows: downtown main future population projections for the year (unit: million) forecast methods, 2020, 2030, balancing method for 130-150 table 2.4-1 170-190 ultra high speed development of relationship between economic and labour law development of 150 210 140 180 General develop 130 1.7 million people, resources and environment capacity check land population carrying capacity--280 water resources and population capacity-does not constitute a binding comprehensive prediction of ecological resources coupled--310 results of 140-180 in 2020, the actual resident population of about 1.4 million people; 2030 the actual resident population of about 1.8 million people. 2.4.2 the use of scale, Yibin city 2030 per capita index of urban construction land in the center of 100 square meters per person. Yibin city construction land standards and scale of table table 2.4-2 year population size (mass) land size (km2) land per capita ((km2/people) 2012 82.5 76.19 92.4 2020 140 140 100 2030 2030 Yibin 180 180 100 figure 2.4-1 figure 2.5 land-use planning layout of urban space in centralexternal traffic link between the groups still need to be resolved through through the old town, causing pressure organized by OLC took on too much traffic, the city is becoming more and more restricted by this mode of transportation. Meanwhile, across the bridge for the bridge-building standards, increasingly difficult to host a growing number of traffic across the river channel gradually becomes the bottleneck of urban transportation organization, city is relatively inefficient. Figure 2.1-5 Yibin city land-use Figure 2.2 urban nature and development 2.2.1 city properties is a national historical and cultural city in Yibin city, China, Department of Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou-based regional center in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. 2.2.2 development mainly in the center of the city, Yibin city functions the following functions: (1) central area of Yibin city, an important manufacturing base in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River form the famous liquor industry development base depth, comprehensive energy development base, major equipment manufacturing base, of new chemical and textile material base, green food processing base, strategic emerging industries base "six industrial bases" for the characteristics of the construction of advanced manufacturing base. (2) Department of Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou combines modern services centre in Yibin city in Sichuan province, into rivers and the sea transport hub, trade and Logistics Center, South City Group in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River financial center, South Innovation Center for science, education and culture, southern Business Center for the development of goals, promote service ... 2.3.1 city development total target Yibin as chuan Yunnan Guizhou combined Department integrated strength most strong of Center City, should jumped out of South, led regional open, looking 下图是近代列强侵略环渤海地区和中国人们抗争示意图。 (4)后期斗争 ?军事上:起用年轻将领陈玉成、李秀成; ?政治上;任用洪仁玕主持朝政，提出了具有资本主义色彩的施政——《资政新篇》 (5)最终失败:1864年7月，天京陷落标志着太平天国运动失败。 3(失败 ,，1，主观:农民阶级的局限性。,, 原因 ，2，客观:中外反动势力的联合剿杀。,, 〔思维发散〕 太平天国运动失败的根本原因在于农民阶级的历史局限性， 主要表现为:经济上是分散的个体小生产者; ; 政治上不能提出切实可行的革命纲领[问题设置] 概括说明列强对该地区的侵略呈现出怎样的变化趋势。 思想上缺乏科学理论指导; 组织上难以形成统一的领导核心。 4.意义: (1)扫荡了王朝秩序，冲击了旧纲常名教，动摇了清朝统治的政治基础。 (2)表达了农民群众的理想追求。 第6讲 太平天国运动、辛亥革命与五四爱国运动 (3)提出的《资政新编》是当时先进中国人向西方寻求真理的智慧结晶。 课程标准 [史论术语] 1.了解太平天国运动的主要史实～认识农民起义在民主革命时期的作用与局限性。 ?太平天国运动是清政府腐败统治与列强侵华下的产物。 《天朝田亩制度》 反映了广大农民要求获得土地2(简述辛亥革命的主要过程～认识推翻君主专制制度、建立中华民国的历史意义。 3(概述五四运动的史实～认识其对中国社会变革的影响。 的强烈愿望，是几千年来我国农民反封建斗争的思想结晶。《资政新篇》提倡发展资本主义，顺应了社会发展潮 流，具有重要的时代意义。 太平天国运动?太平天国运动发生在新旧交替的时代， 时代赋予它反侵略的新内容和新意义，但仍是旧式农民战争的继 续，显示出农民阶级的落后性和空想性，其失败是必然的。 ，1，根本原因:鸦片战争激化了日益尖锐的阶级矛盾。[自主探究——通过史实史料认知历史] 《天朝田亩制度》的评价 | ,,，2，直接原因:自然灾害严重，广西各种矛盾尤其突出。1(背景 ,史料 《天朝田亩制度》的颁布，反映了农民千百年以来渴望得到自己一份土地的根本要求，而且以磅礴的 ,，3，起义准备:洪秀全创立“拜上帝会”，力量迅速壮大。,气魄，明确的主张规定下来，这在中国历史上还是空前的第一次。 所规定的关于农村主要生产资料的土地的分配法，是以户为单位，进行平均分配。„„这显然是分田到[图表识记] 太平天国运动爆发的原因 户，以家庭为生产单位„„ „„分配方案是错误的，空想的，指的就是它不可能实现，即令短暂的实行了，也会昙花一现，迅即消 逝。 ——郭毅生《〈天朝田亩制度〉的经济背景及其性质》 如何评价《天朝田亩制度》,据史料试从其革命性、落后性、空想性等方面做出分析。 2(经过 (1)兴起发展:1851年，洪秀全在广西桂平县金田村起义。1853年3月定都天京。 (2)达到全盛:经过北伐与西征，1856年在军事上达到全盛;1853年颁布纲领性文件《天朝田亩制度》。 (3)由盛转衰:天京变乱。 international, Unicom international market, adapted future people on city of development needs, based Yu industry support, and traffic advantage, and Yangtze River culture, and ecological civilization, advantage, established city development target: radiation absorb Yangtze River upstream chuan Yunnan Guizhou of regional center, and international ecological landscape culture city. 2.3.2 economic development in Yibin city, goal 2020 GDP reached 300 billion yuan, the per capita GDP reached 58000 2030 regional GDP reached 800 billion yuan, the per capita GDP reached 138000. 2020 industrial structure adjustment in Yibin city as 9:56:35; 2030 industrial structure adjustment for the 6:47:47. Industrial output by 2020 of 510 billion yuan in 2030 and reach 1.2 trillion yuan. 2.4 of the urban population and land size 2.4.1 Yibin city, population size according to the different forecasting methods and the size of population environmental capacity check, the downtown main future population projections for the year are as follows: downtown main future population projections for the year (unit: million) forecast methods, 2020, 2030, balancing method for 130-150 table 2.4-1 170-190 ultra high speed development of relationship between economic and labour law development of 150 210 140 180 General develop 130 1.7 million people, resources and environment capacity check land population carrying capacity--280 water resources and population capacity-does not constitute a binding comprehensive prediction of ecological resources coupled--310 results of 140-180 in 2020, the actual resident population of about 1.4 million people; 2030 the actual resident population of about 1.8 million people. 2.4.2 the use of scale, Yibin city 2030 per capita index of urban construction land in the center of 100 square meters per person. Yibin city construction land standards and scale of table table 2.4-2 year population size (mass) land size (km2) land per capita ((km2/people) 2012 82.5 76.19 92.4 2020 140 140 100 2030 2030 Yibin 180 180 100 figure 2.4-1 figure 2.5 land-use planning layout of urban space in centralexternal traffic link between the groups still need to be resolved through through the old town, causing pressure organized by OLC took on too much traffic, the city is becoming more and more restricted by this mode of transportation. Meanwhile, across the bridge for the bridge-building standards, increasingly difficult to host a growing number of traffic across the river channel gradually becomes the bottleneck of urban transportation organization, city is relatively inefficient. Figure 2.1-5 Yibin city land-use Figure 2.2 urban nature and development 2.2.1 city properties is a national historical and cultural city in Yibin city, China, Department of Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou-based regional center in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. 2.2.2 development mainly in the center of the city, Yibin city functions the following functions: (1) central area of Yibin city, an important manufacturing base in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River form the famous liquor industry development base depth, comprehensive energy development base, major equipment manufacturing base, of new chemical and textile material base, green food processing base, strategic emerging industries base "six industrial bases" for the characteristics of the construction of advanced manufacturing base. (2) Department of Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou combines modern services centre in Yibin city in Sichuan province, into rivers and the sea transport hub, trade and Logistics Center, South City Group in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River financial center, South Innovation Center for science, education and culture, southern Business Center for the development of goals, promote service ... 2.3.1 city development total target Yibin as chuan Yunnan Guizhou combined Department integrated strength most strong of Center City, should jumped out of South, led regional open, looking