大学体验英语综合教程3课后全部答案(包括造句和翻译)1

Unit 1 Lead-in 1 human beings 2 powered 3 greenhouse 4 far away 5 make a difference 6 breathe in 7 decreasing performance 8 four inches high 9 campaign 10 encourage Ex 3 1 B 2 B 3 C 4 A 5 D Ex 4 issues, pollution, deforestation, related, consumption, resources, threat, responsibility Ex 5 smoking 2 environment—concern 3 expert—wisdom 1 addicted— 4 possession—greed 5 resources—inexhaustible Ex.6 1 strategies 2 specific 3 consumers 4 released 5 trapped 6 consequence 7 was isolated 8 priority 9 convenience 10 elements Ex7 1 transform 2 all the way 3 sit back 4 resulting from 5 share…with Ex.8 1 How did the war, which brought terrible disasters to mankind, impact on such a poet? 2 Mothers are sometimes blind to the faults of their beloved children, which will cause the children to make the same mistake again. 3 As a new immigrant in this completely strange country, she always felt isolated. 4 Acting before thinking often results in failure, so we should think before we leap. 5 The time for talking is past; we must take positive action to protect our environment. Ex.9 1 Take two pills each time and three times a day and you will be well in a few days. 2 He is not impatient; he is just too tired. 3 Once water shortage reaches the point of no return, there will be nothing left to be done but abandon the city. 4 We’d like to share our experience in city planning with every representative here and show them what is special of our innovations. 5 We can’t just sit back and do nothing about increasingly serious traffic problems. Ex 12 1 D 2 A 3 C 4 A 5 B Ex. 13 1 subtle 2 were overtaken 3 species 4 decades 5 boundaries 6 audio 7 directly 8 focus 9 tone 10 cupped Ex. 14 1 at that rate 2 For the sake of 3 come to 4 by hand 5 vice versa Ex. 15 1 Young people sometimes complain of not being able to communicate with their parents. 2 Mary has been longing to take up residence in a Chinese village in Yunnan for a few years. Now her dream has come true. 3 Domestic animals are used to depending on humans, so it is difficult for them to survive in the wild. 4 He was suddenly overtaken by a fear that he would be laid off the company because of depression. 5 I figure he’ll be back soon since he promised to have dinner with me. Ex 16 1 go from bad to worse 2 loss of hope 3 fuels like petroleum and coal 4 very dry 5 a mass movement away from a place Ex 17 1 我们大多数人只是袖手旁观，还会说:“让专家去处理吧。 2 就人类而言，母亲生病，孩子就会受苦;既然我们造成了地球上的生态失衡， 而我们又是受害者 。 3 机器的发明使世界进入了一个新纪元——工业时代，金钱主宰一切。 4 每个人的生活都有甜有苦。 5 麦肯立博士竭尽全力唤起公众对严峻的环保问的关注。 6 那条消息让我惊出了毛骨悚然。 7 她在演讲中用了许多术语，使听众听得莫名其妙。 8 这些问题盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚。 Unit 2 Lead-in 1 invitations 2 around the world 3 reach 4 institution 5 specially appointed experts 6 vote 7 diploma 8 medal 9 is followed by 10 including Ex3 1 C 2 D 3 A 4 C 5 B Ex4. compass, inspiration, curious, persistent, stimulated, inspired, genius, complex Ex5 1 condense—condensed 2 curious—curiosity 3 devise—device 4 persistent—persistence 5 convinced--convincingEx6 1 fundamental, 2 ultimate, 3 sparked, 4 apparently, 5 patience, 6 curiosity, 7 convince, 8 detail, 9 responses, 10 (has) stirred Ex7 1 fooled...into, 2 came upon, 3 join in, 4 come up with, 5 up to Ex8 1. Reporters pressed the spokesman for an explanation of the military attack. 2. His election campaign failed to convince the voters that he was the right person for the Senator. 3. While I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved. 4. His first speech on TV made a deep impression on his audience. 5. All things are interrelated and interact with each other. Ex9 1. She might have thought that history was just boring names and dates, but Professor Yi’s lectures completely changed her view. 2. After the plane crash, all the survivors could do was wait for rescue on this desert island. 3. The little boy happened to read some stories about Bermuda Triangle that did stir his curiosity in the mysteries of nature. 4. The DNA test result was evidence to the police that the murderer was someone else. 5. Darwin was convinced that the theory of evolution is based on natural selection. Ex12 1 A 2 D 3 B 4 B 5 C Ex13 1 classical, 2 breakthrough, 3 elegance, 4 faculty, 5 handful, 6 probe, 7 swift, 8 transition, 9 reactions, 10 retirement E14 1 has brought in, 2 under his belt, 3 specializes in, 4 a wealth of, 5 be applied to Ex15 1. The lecturer at the conference turned out to be the daughter of an old friend of mine. 2. It has been 5 years since his retirement, but he has remained active in the academic circles. 3. If you do have financial difficulties, you can apply for a student loan. 4. This scientist had worked hard at this new material for as long as ten years before he made his own way in the end. 5. The chief airplane manufacturers in the world are pushing the envelope to make faster and longer range airplanes to compete for bigger share of the market. Ex17 1 他有耐心和毅力，使他做事时坚持的时间比其他大多数孩童都长。(根据上下 文，增加原文中省略的词语) 2 就其基本而言，这一学说提出的论点包括:光速是宇宙中最快的速度;…(增加修饰语，以示强调) 3扎威尔将收到世界各地的来信。短短几天时间里2000封电子邮件接踵而至。(增加量词以及原文上下文中所省略的部分) 4 但是，这位53岁的科学家将首先与家人共享这条喜讯。(增加原文上下文中 所省略的部分) Unit3 Lead-in 4 3 6 2 1 5 Ex3 1 A 2 B 3 C 4 A 5 B Ex4 advertising, brand, promoted, proved, popular, expression, global, immigrants Ex5 1法国已经保证明年提供数十亿美元的援助。 2 你不应对不可能做到的事做出保证。 3 老板向他保证并没有解雇他的打算。 4 检查一下他的眼睛，以保证没有问题，是明智之举。 5 已经采取了措施来保证学生不会因经济原因而辍学。 6 生产商必须按规定保证其产品质量。 Ex6 1 attained 2 modest 3. attractive 4 precise 5 campaign 6 market 7 manufactures 8 sponsor 9 imported 10 brands Ex7 1 frown (very much) on 2 for instance 3 as a result 4 when it comes to 5 under … umbrella Ex8 1 Thoughts are expressed by means of language. 2 I have bought so many new books this year that it’s really difficult for me to keep count of them. 3 The old lady feels assured that her son will come back home today to celebrate her birthday. 4 His mother insisted that his pocket money should not exceed 100 yuan per month. 5 We bought a car last month, which was registered under my name. Ex9 1 For most American teenagers, when it comes to comfortable and fashionable clothing, nothing beats T-shirts and jeans. 2 Starting in 2004, Adidas widely promoted that “impossible is nothing,” and the notion took hold. 3 When the news was first released online, the number of its viewers beat the imagination. 4 The girl’s big break came with her outstanding performance at the singing contest. 5 In many European countries people tend to frown on in public places. Ex12 1 C 2 D 3 C 4 A 5 B Ex13 1 revenues 2 targeting 3 appliances 4 via 5 smashing 6 loyal 7 comparable 8 alongside 9 claiming 10 filmed Ex14 1 beat…expectation 2 so far 3 built up 4 at home 5 on…basis Ex15 1 A great man can dominate a difficult situation by force of character. 2 According to the latest report, tourists do not have to apply for an entry visa to some Southeast Asian countries. 3 The color of the envelope suggests that the letter might be from a woman. 4 Trains can’t rival planes for speed, but many people prefer to travel by train. 5 People are much more likely to accept this mode of administration once they see that it really works. Ex16 1 The prime minister of Japan 2 Aides 3 The press Ex17 1 天未下雪，但叶落草枯。 2 那时打我并且使我挨饿的不只是一个老太婆，而是老老少少各式各样的人。 3 我们能测量罐内的水量，但不能测量水的热度，我们还没有这种仪器。 4 温度增高，水的体积就增大。 5他的望远镜和实验总是给他带来惊奇的新发现，他每天都把工作情况下来。 Unit 4 Lead-in 1 got me wondering 2 it hit me 3 original me 4 bank statement 5 overdue books 6 unexplained charges Ex3 1 C 2 B 3 C 4 D Ex4 famous, promoting, religious, desperate, shortage, inevitable, failure Ex5 1 1) 2 2) 3 3)1 2 1) 3 2) 2 3)2 3 1) 2 2) 3 3)2 Ex6 1 string 2 stir 3 controversy 4 combat 5 excessive 6 regulations 7 instincts 8 reckless 9 prohibition 10 irrational Ex7 1 to his name 2 keep at bay 3 under the sun 4 jumped the gun 5 lined up Ex8 1 The band shot to fame in the 1980s with that single album. 2 Take a risk, and you may lose again, but you would have improved your chances to win. 3 Scientists are pushing themselves to the limits in their research for finding a cure for AIDS. 4 Now we see the point of the Internet: we can get information from all over the world just by clicking the mouse. 5 Some people believe the government will regulate the research of human cloning sooner or later. Ex9 1 He is a legend with the biggest gate website in China to his name. 2 At the beginning of the twentieth century, Einstein shot to fame after he published a series of articles on the Theory of Relativity. 3 The WTO is urging its member countries to adopt effective measures to keep bird flu at bay. 4 Like it or not, the traditional Chinese culture is invaded by foreign cultures. 5 You should not jump the gun in drawing the conclusion before your experiment is finished. Ex12 1 composer 2 beginning 3 secret 4 clone 5 adopted 6 music 7 ordinary 8 prove 9 joke 10 genius Ex13 1 ban 2 practically 3 survive 4 adopt 5 decent 6 genius 7 gene 8 anonymously 9 resemblance 10 immerse Ex14 1 in the flesh 2 bring…to term 3 the roof fell in 4 put up for 5 have dug up Ex15 1 George is nuts about Chinese culture and has decided to learn Chinese in an evening school. 2 The reporters got wind of Diana’s visit to the city and rushed to the airport for the news. 3 After two months of restless effort, the police finally tracked the criminal down in a southern city. 4 The two companies have already agreed in principle to go ahead with the project. 5 If the quality of your products isn’t improving for real, I don’t think they will be competitive in the market. Ex16 1 It is obvious that he is a public-attention-getting man, not an ordinary scientist; controversy and pushing reproductive biology to its high-point make him popular and successful. 2 The belief of the Raelians, a religious group, is that cloning is a most important way to achieve immortality and it claims that it has the necessary egg donors and volunteers who are willing to be implanted with cloned embryos. Ex17 1 我们高度地珍视同发展中国家的友好关系。 2 他不仅要负责产品的销售，还要负责广告宣传。 3 我去看他，可他已经出去了。 4 他倒是不抽烟，但他爸爸却一支又一支不停地抽。 5 我们讨论了很久才达成。 Unit 5 Lead-in 1 employment 2 handle the changes 3 concluded 4 very nature 5 builds on 6 involved in 7 at various stages Ex3 1 B 2 D 3 B 4 A 5 C Ex4 Passenger, eager, explain, vocabulary, ignorant, dictionary, explanations Ex5 1 B 2 B 3 D 4 B 5 C Ex6 1 quality 2 (had) committed 3 hint 4 assume 5 vague 6 peculiar 7 retreat 8 puzzled 9 misleading 10 confused Ex7 1 resorted to 2 racking your/one’s brains 3 hangs on 4 jotted down 5 at a loss Ex8 1 It’s one thing to understand the principle, it’s another thing to put it into practice. 2 It is reported that jogging makes you three times less likely to suffer from a heart attack. 3 Almost half of the British people have no idea what the euro is worth in relation to the pound, according to the latest survey. 4 The area should have been made into a park for everyone to enjoy but now some apartment buildings stand there. 5 I’m wondering whether all the related information could add up to a clear picture of him. Ex9 1 It’s one thing to recognize the importance of saving energy, it’s another to put it into practice in every aspect of life. 2 The sales manager believes that clever is not clever if the new product doesn’t sell well. 3 He kept on making up excuses for his failure to finish the task as if a thousand lies would add up to the truth. 4 It is found from the investigation that the longer people stay in s store, the less likely they are to control their desire for purchases. 5 I believe that someone as diligent as she is will soon overcome difficulties in the study of English. Ex12 1 D 2 C 3 C 4 D 5 B Ex13 1 features 2 denied 3 appeal 4 usage 5 bet 6 independent 7 associate 8 was stumped Ex14 1 for the sake of 2 pick up 3 break your back 4 get at Ex15 1 He drinks more wine than is good for health. 2 He knew that at this moment his parents were eagerly waiting for him to return home for the New Year. 3 What appeals to us is not only his intelligence but also his sense of humor. 4 The latest movie made by that internationally famous director turned out to be a total failure. 5 It seems that some youngsters don’t have patience with anything. Ex16 1 A assumption. It serves as an assumptive condition on which the writer would go back to college next fall. 2 B Reasoning. It gives the reason why the writer is read to spend some time learning. 3 D Justification. It justifies the writer’s claim that education is not only reason that he would go back to college. 4 C Explanation. It offers an explanation with examples, showing that college life is one of the best parts of one’s life. Ex17 1 走出机场大楼我就看到外面好多出租汽车司机在穿梭走动，这(一现象)在世界各地的机场都是一样的。 2 迈尔斯先生仍然面带微笑，可是他的口气却有点不耐烦了。罗布很少见到这种情况。 3 难怪，一看见沿河而立的精美建筑时，我就想起了巴黎、阿姆斯特丹和威尼斯。 4 现在我意识到知识给人的巨大乐趣，这与如何使用知识无关。 5 她本想告诉约翰，没有料到他的知识竟有如此渊博，但又觉得有些不好不好意思，没有说出口。 Unit 6 Lead-in 1 holds for 2 uncomfortable 3 observation of life 4 on the road ahead 5 more rewarding 6 an additional fascination 7 their full attention 8 moving about Ex3 1 C 2 D 3 B 4 A 5 C Ex4 experience, culture, women, stay, impressive, pyramids, impressed, independence Ex5 1 underdeveloped, 2 overpopulated, 3 outgrow, 4 interrelated, 5 counterpart Ex6 1 counterpart, 2 efficient, 3 relief, 4 vague, 5 core, 6 punctually, 7 approach, 8 economy, 9 exception, 10 invite, Ex7 1 pull…through, 2 belongs to, 3 ever since, 4 in turn, 5 milled about Ex8 1 He breathed/heaved a sigh of sorrow and told us that he had seen a better day when he was young. 2 He has a strong sense of responsibility, and that’s why he is chosen to take control of the project. 3 Wherever you go, be it for business or pleasure, it is always a good idea to find out as much as you can about the place. 4 Let’s be careful. The situation may be about to repeat itself. 5 In, fact, the air quality of a house has a great deal to do with children’s health, and adults’ health for that matter. Ex9 1 Do you know what it is like to stand on a stage with all eyes on you? 2 We all breathed a sigh of relief when news came that the hostage was rescued unharmed. 2 With his professional knowledge in finance and skills in management, he quickly took control of the situation. 4 What became clear to me finally was this: they were not actually interested in the solution of the problem. 5 Wherever he travels, be it a business trip or a sightseeing tour, he would always take a laptop with him. Ex12 1 B 2 B 3 A 4 D 5 C Ex13 1 stretches 2 intense 3 beloved 4 ability 5 positive 6 converting 7 manner 8 toast 9 absorbed 10 be sheltered Ex14 1 in fine form 2 thanks to 3 give way to 4 is made up of 5 what makes…ticks Ex15 1 Why is it that people spend so much time and money on traveling? 2 Traveling by air is quick and safe. No wonder it is a popular choice for travelers. 3 Most of the students in my college have enrolled in the course of web page design and the computer center is always filled with people day and night. 4 It has always been my dream to have friends all over the world. Thanks to the Internet, my dream has come true. 5 Free information on-line, convenient communication with friends, attractive games, to him this is what Internet is all about. Ex16 1 The car is very shabby now. 2 It’s our responsibility to protect the environment, but many of us refuse to shoulder it. 3 A large number of religious leaders bombard his cloning plan as an insult to human dignity. 4 I’m going to remain a scientist and work as usual. I will not go into the limelight. Ex17 1 时近午夜，大街仍沐浴在闪烁柔和的光线中。 2 她在家里既忙着带孩子，又要下厨房。 3 总有人在关心你的进步。 4 我们要干就要干好。 5 这里有从全国各地来的人，其中有许多是南方人。 Ex18 1 For one thing 2 For another 3 In fact 4 Nevertheless 5 whereas 6 In contrast 7 Different from 8 In spite of Unit 7 Lead-in 1 Depending on 2 it’s not real 3 unfortunately 4 interfere with 5 on the spot 6 brain damage 7 In addition to 8 violent with people Ex3 1 D 2 D 3 B 4 C 5 A Ex4 attend, contact, fit, typical, breakdown, shocked, permanent Ex5 1 rural—urban 3 discloses—exposes 3 involving—involved 4 illustration—illusion 5 motivate—motivation Ex6 1 deepened 2 were exposed 3 curled 4 throb 5 nightmare 6 utter 7 confusion 8 pulse 9 somewhat 10 creep Ex7 1 on top of 2 as if 3 in a state of 4 ahead of 5 if only Ex8 1 A lot of people believe that these hills help them sleep. All I can think is, “if they only knew.” 2 He kept chipping away at the problem until he had completely solved it. 3 The country boy was exposed to many strange things in the city. He felt greatly shocked as if he had entered a future world. 4 Within only one year of graduating from college, he went from a student who pursued his dream to a person who didn’t care about a thing. 5 I have been given permission to do the interview in that area, and that’ not something that everyone gets. Ex9 1 If that college student only knew how hard his parents have worked to support his education. 2 Jack’s dream came true when he signed the contract with an NBA team. 3 We had an enjoyable conversation that day, and I felt as if we were old friends rather than two people who had just met. 4 I couldn’t believe my eyes when I saw my car in front of the restaurant, which had been stolen two days before. 5 When her father lost his job a few years ago, life was an uphill crawl for the whole family. Ex12 1 a police detective 2 drug bust 3 a major operation/a big day 4 had failed to do a good job 5 arrest packets 6 violent crimes 7 smoothly/successfully 8 excited 9 a complete victory 10 they will eventually win Ex13 1 coordinated 2 suspects 3 raids 4 venture 5 innocent 6 execute 7 afterwards 8 gang 9 issue 10 intelligence Ex14 1 in charge of 2 carry out 3 on the edge of 4 laid out 5 gave…up Ex15 1 With the begging of the war came ten years of killing and destruction. 2 We shall continue to do what we have always been doing. 3 Most of them had been up since the morning before yesterday. But none of them will sleep tonight either. 4 Born and raised in Chengdu, Li Ming still remembers the time when he lived in a/the quadrangle. 5 He treated a young child in a cruel manner in broad daylight and was taken to the police by the neighbors. Ex17 1他解释了好一阵子，我也没有完全懂。 2 那种感觉就好像我打开了一个秘密天地，到了天堂一般。 3 这就是摇头丸带给我的后果—但事情还不止于此。 4 已经凌晨三点，大多数人从头天早晨起就没合过眼。 5 他费了不少劲才找到回家的路。 6 他从不休息，总是拼命地干。 Unit 8 Lead-in 1 shadow of fear 2 at every stage 3 nuclear weapons 4 peace operations 5 engaged in conflict 6 religious groups 7 economic development 8 find better ways Ex3 1 D 2 C 3 A 4 B 5 B Ex4 refugee, adjust, contact, movement, nervous, military, care, indifference Ex5 1 B 2 D 3 A 4 C 5 A Ex6 1 venture 2 comfortable 3 confine 4 dazed 5 drifted 6 lingered 7 bewildered 8 overwhelmed 9 innocent 10 terrified Ex7 1 sticks out 2 come by 3 under way 4 in search of 5 adjust to Ex8 1 The theft in recent months paled in comparison with this case. 2 Several years have passed since the traffic accident, and he stills can’t shake away the guilty feeling. 3 Though we had put forward a proposal to reduce cost, the board members didn’t appear to take it seriously. 4 The bare hills around haven’t reminded the villagers of the importance of protecting the environment. 5 It is unlikely for his hearty laughter to ring in our office again. Ex9 1 Mandela had just returned to his homeland, after an absence of 18 years he spent in prison. 2 No visitor can venture into the isolation ward without proper protection. 3 No late comer will be admitted once the concert is under way. 4 I thought I was unlucky but my experience pales in comparison to yours. 5 Hard as he tried, he couldn’t even get a job interview several months after he graduated from college. Ex12 1 D 2 A 3 B 4 C 5 D Ex13 1 erode 2 cease 3 conflicts 4 mandate 5 exhausted 6 promote 7 preferable 8 prolonging 9 compromise 10 was condemned Ex14 1 take advantage of 2 For the sake of 3 come into contact 4 open the door to 5 takes a stand Ex15 1 As long as there is a chance for peace, we must take advantage of it for the sake of our younger generation as well as for all the people present here. 2 The historic handshake between them opened the door to peace and marked the end of violence. 3 We should exhaust every possibility in our fight against those who attempt to torpedo the peace process and force them to cease to engage in terrorism. 4 Although his peace policy received broad support, the cause for peace was still fraught with difficulties and pain. 5 In my case, I will come into contact with all those concerned with the project to work out the best scheme. Ex17 1 a. 十分安静(悄没声儿) b. 一点不出声(跟坟墓一样静默) c. 聪明绝顶/像所罗门一样聪明 d. 胆小如鼠 2 她放在厨房桌上的干花还原封不动地摆在那里。 3 詹姆斯先生在那里当体操老师，不上课时他(喜欢)举举重，跑跑步，踢踢球。 4 不管我怎样努力，总是摆脱不了那些想法的纠缠。 5 至于比利?怀特和他的分队，还在继续执行原来的任务。 6 可想而知，军营的生活与家庭有相当的差别。 7 可以说，我是委员会的义务顾问。 8 我以为我可能会调动工作，但照目前情况看我得另找工作。 (《意识》杂志的麦肯立博士就环境问题对几位专家进行采访。) 麦肯立博士:您认为目前环境面临的最大威胁是什么, 阿曼?莫特万:现在环境面临的最大威胁来自我们人类对环境的态度。我们对环境的看法决定着我们周围世界的环境。大多数人认为万物是彼此孤立的。但事实上，每一个个体都是一个息息相关、相互联系的整体的组成部分。比如，一颗树看上去或许是孤立的，但它却对其周围环境中的一切——日光、雨水、风、鸟、矿物质、其它植物和树木、你、我等——施加影响，同时又处于环境的的影响之下。一棵树会影响从它周围吹过的风;风同时又会影响这颗树的生长。了解这棵树与其环境的关系，你就可以预见它的未来。 塞姆基博士，您好。您在研究过程中觉得哪些环境问题最为紧迫, 大多数人对万物之间的相关性视而不见。正因为如此，我们就不了解我们的所作所为会造成的后果。现在我们每个人都应该睁开双眼，看清这个世界的真实面貌——一个因果相循的完整集合体。 塞姆基博士:我们认为最严重的两个环境问题是森林砍伐和全球变暖。由于大量砍伐， 现在地球上的树木仅有一万年前的一半。毁掉树木也就破坏了生态环境，因为树木可以维持表层土壤，保证干旱气候地带的降雨量，净化地下水，并将二氧化碳转化为氧气。树木把水从地下带到地面，并让水蒸发到大气中，随后这些蒸发气体又再化为雨水返回地面。这对天然的干旱地区是至关重要的。毁林地区的下风区域会因缺乏降雨来源而变为荒漠。全球变暖的原因是燃烧石油等矿物燃料引起的，因为这会释放出温室气体进入大气。二氧化碳和其它温室气体会聚积热量，最终造成全球气候变暖。 麦肯立博士:纳可森博士，谢谢您专程从澳大利亚远道赶来参加我们的访谈。请您告诉《意识》杂志的读者怎样做才有助于解决环保问题。 利昂?纳可森:保护环境最简单的方法就是不要去摧残它。要尽最大努力去善待它，尽可能少索取，多回报。 麦肯立博士:对于环境的现状及未来，您最关心的是什么呢, 利昂?纳可森:空气和水污染是我们关注的首要问题。我们正在污染我们呼吸的空气和饮用的水，这真是让人难以理解。空气和水这两种物质并非取之不竭，我们必须认识到，一旦到了无可挽回的地步，我们的子孙就将一无所有。 麦肯立博士:德塞博士，很荣幸有这个难得的机会采访您。能否请您与我们的读者交流一下您的高见，告诉我们环境危机会朝什么方向发展呢, 阿姆力特?德塞:我们不是与环境问题无关的。我们本身就是问题的起因。我们过着双重的生活。一方面，我们贪婪地要求工业提供更多便利、舒适和财富。我们沉溺于消费，造成工业浪费。另一方面，我们却忽视了这种需求和地球母体的承受的能力;生活已是十分优裕，我们却依然贪得无厌地索取，滥用我们自身和地球的资源。地球母亲用她健康的环境抚育着我们。就人类而言，母亲生病，孩子就会遭殃;我们既造成了地球的病态，还得自吞恶果。 麦肯立博士:在本次访谈结束之际，我要谢谢各位嘉宾的参与。聆听了我们作为一个个体成员应该怎样做才有益于周围的环境，我感到受益匪浅。希望这次访谈会激励《意识》杂 志的读者去采取行动，制定自己的战略方针。多数人都习惯袖手旁观，还说"让专家们去处理这些问题吧～"。这种态度等于是在毁灭这个星球。本次访谈的目的正是想说明个人采取行动有多么重要。谢谢各位出谋划策指点迷津。 Unit2 爱因斯坦的指南针 小爱因斯坦是个安静的孩子。爱因斯坦夫妇赫尔曼和波琳认为他“或许太安静了”。爱因斯坦到三岁时才开始说话。父母差点就误认为他是反应迟钝，但有一个明显的事实打消了他们的疑虑，因为他真的开口说话时，说出的话便异乎寻常。两岁时，母亲波琳许诺给他一个惊喜。小爱因斯坦非常高兴，以为妈妈会带给他一件有趣的新玩具。但当妈妈把刚出生的妹妹玛嘉抱到他面前时，小爱因斯坦只是以疑虑的眼光盯着她，最后说道，“车轮在哪儿,” 爱因斯坦五岁的时候有一次卧病在床，父亲赫尔曼送给他一个新玩意。正是这个小玩意启动了他的智力。那是小爱因斯坦第一次见到指南针。他躺在床上摇晃摆弄着这个稀奇的东西，认为自己能将指针糊弄到指向另一个方向。但是无论他怎样摆弄，指针却总是会回到原来指北的位置。“真奇妙”，他想。引导指南针的无形力量使爱因斯坦认识到，我们肉眼看到的只是世界的一部分，事物背后还有“某种东西，某种深藏着的东西。” 爱因斯坦就这样踏上了他穷其一生的探索之路。“我没有特殊的天份，”他常常说，“我只是有强烈的好奇心。” 爱因斯坦不仅仅只是有好奇心。他的耐心和毅力使他做起事情来能比大多数人都更能持久。其他孩子用纸牌搭楼房，搭到四层高时房子就会摇摇晃晃地坍塌下来。而玛嘉却惊奇地看着她哥哥爱因斯坦能有条不紊地搭起14层纸牌高楼。后来爱因斯坦说道，“这不是因为我有多聪明，而是因为我能坚持得更久。” 阿尔伯特?爱因斯坦的思维发展得益于他有机会与成人进行智力交流。他的叔叔是工程师，经常到爱因斯坦家里来，于是爱因斯坦就有机会参与他们的讨论。爱因斯坦的思想还受到一位医科学生的启迪。此人每星期都来爱因斯坦家一次，与爱因斯坦一家共进晚餐，一起谈天说地。 爱因斯坦12岁的时候发现了一系列他认为是“神圣”的观念。那是一本有关欧几里德平面几何的小册子。原来人可以证明那些不易明显看出的角度和线段的定理。这个想法给年青学生爱因斯坦留下了“难以磨灭的印象”。他把数学当作满足自己好奇心并用以证明他后来发现宇宙运行规律的手段。 他坚信美丽寓于简朴。或许这个悟性才是激发他天分的真正动因。阿尔伯特?爱因斯坦在表象复杂的大自然中寻求简朴的美，并发现别人看不到的真理。爱因斯坦用数学公式表达的思想也许只有少数才思敏捷的科学家才能理解，但他却能简洁地阐明自己思想之精随，使人人都能够理解。 比如说，他的相对论推翻了数百年来一直被认为是完整地描述了自然界一切规律的牛顿定律，给科学界带来了一场彻底的变革。但是当有人敦促他举例说明，以便让大众能理解相对论时，他说:“把手放在烫人的炉上时，一分钟就像是一个小时。坐在漂亮姑娘的身边，一个小时就像是一分钟。这就是相对论。” 阿尔伯特?爱因斯坦的创新思维在年仅26岁时就达到了高峰。1905年他写了三篇重要的论文，分别是关于光的本质(证明原子存在)、相对论以及著名的原子能等式:E=mc2。在随后的20年里，正是由于想知道是什么力量控制了指南针的指向所激发的这份好奇心以及坚持追求简单答案的毅力，引导他将空间与时间联系起来思考问题，由此发现了一种崭新的物质状态。 他追寻的最终目标是什么呢, “我想知道上帝是怎样创造世界的……我想知道他的思路;其余的就都是细枝末节了。” Unit3 艾弗里代尔开来的浴缸战舰 美国的妈妈们一直深信，如果要把那些小调皮鬼的嘴巴洗干净的话，没有什么能赛过象牙香皂(宝洁公司的一个注册商标)。这是因为这个牌子的香皂以其安全、柔和而纯正 的品质而闻名遐迩，就像林肯纪念堂的大理石一样坚实无瑕。它的口感相当不错呢。而且，如果不慎将香皂落入澡盆，里面盛满了孩子们洗过澡的浑水，你也不用担心找不到--它会自动浮上水面。 象牙香皂是一种美国文化现象。它就像华盛顿纪念碑一样得到广泛认可，并且远比国会受人尊崇。当西奥多?罗斯福还在北达科他州当驯马牛仔的时候，象牙香皂就已经拥有目前这种崇高的地位了。1879年，为抗衡进口香皂，象牙香皂被作为廉价白皂投放市场。为进行大规模销售，宝洁公司发起了最早一次全国规模的广告宣传活动，说象牙香皂"纯得可以飘浮起来"，并且使这种观念深入人心。其结果是:至少有许多代的美国人都用象牙香皂洗浴净身。 使用象牙香皂来洗手、洗脸以及给小孩子洗屁股的人不计其数。就连宝洁公司也弄不清楚到底卖出了多少块象牙香皂，但它却准确记载了象牙香皂赚来了多少亿美元。每年，象牙香皂，象牙雪花膏，佳洁士牙膏，佛吉斯咖啡以及其他数百种宝洁公司旗下的产品的销售额超过了三百亿美元。 1837年，两个外国移民--威廉?普罗克特和詹姆士?盖博尔--各投资3596.47美元在俄亥俄州的辛辛那提市成立了宝洁公司并发展至今。在创建后的几十年里，宝洁公司规模较小，主要生产蜡烛和香皂。直到二十多年后(即美国内战即将爆发之前)，公司的销售额才突破100万美元。随着漂浮香皂的推出，以及意识到一系列精心策划的广告活动可以让一种简单的优质产品成为一种时尚，宝洁公司才有了巨大的发展。这种漂浮香皂的商标源于圣经中的"出自象牙宫殿"一语。这种新产品和它的营销手段极其成功，以至几乎所有的美国人都在使用它。这样，宝洁公司很快就在一个名叫艾弗里代尔的地方修建了一座新的大型工厂。 宝洁公司将广告在营销象牙香皂的过程中所起到的巨大作用铭记在心。比如说，宝洁公司成为第一批通过广播向全国消费者推销的商家之一。1933年，宝洁公司为推销奥塞度肥皂粉，赞助了一部广播连续剧《玛?泊婷斯》。从此，这类白天播出的连续剧就被称为"肥皂剧"。多年以来，宝洁公司推出了几十种新产品系列，如绿宝洗发水、邓肯汉司蛋糕现 料以及不断推陈出新的汰渍洗衣粉。然而，直至今日，象牙香皂仍是宝洁公司的拳头产品。 象牙香皂一直理所当然地成为最受消费者欢迎的产品。手握一块象牙香皂，也就把握住了一段美国历史。如果你愿意，你甚至可以用象牙香皂来洗脸或洗手，这样你就可以相信它的"纯度高达99.44%"，而且它还可以浮在水面。 象牙香皂在水中漂浮的这种品质对孩子们尤具吸引力。一代接一代的小男孩们总爱用牙签、小旗或玩具模型船的旧零件(总会找到几个)把象牙香皂改装成浴缸里的战舰。说到这里，我要给男孩子们提个醒:妈妈可不喜欢你这样做呵。 我有的是他的基因，而不是他的天赋 那是2040年圣诞前夕，那天下午我是唯一还在酒吧里工作的招待，屋子里几乎已经空了。我看到一个人独自坐在酒台的尽头。我给他送去一杯鲜汁饮料并祝他圣诞快乐。他上下打量着我，有点古怪地问我:“你知道我是谁吗,” 我老实告诉他，我并不认识他。 “哦，也许这个会对你有所帮助，”他一边说一边从皮夹子里掏出一张小照片，一张很旧的人物照，仿佛好几个世纪以前照的。照片上是一位年轻人的侧面像:高鼻梁，小下巴，绝对很像我身边的这位朋友。相片的底部有一行说明:“W.A.莫扎特”。 现在轮到我来古怪地审视他了。我像挨了当头一棒似的猛然明白过来。“你就是那个克隆出来的家伙，”我说，“20年代各家报纸上刊登过的那个家伙。” “正是本人，沃尔夫冈.A.莫扎特。我有他的头脑，他的心脏，还有他的DNA。他是我的父亲，又是我的母亲和兄长。他是我的孪生兄弟，只是我比他晚出生247年。” 于是他开始谈了起来，费了很长时间才解释清楚，尽管我不能全部理解，但还是明白了不少。 在2001年，尽管美国国会通过了关于禁止克隆人的法令，疯狂的科学家们仍在继续秘密地进行着克隆研究。 后来，就是这位开发软件的亿万富翁，他是一个莫扎特迷，尤其迷恋莫扎特的安魂曲。他在瑞士创立了一个秘密研究所，雇佣了许多顶尖生物学家进行克隆人的研究，并向他们许诺，每克隆出一个带有莫扎特DNA的婴儿，他们每人都将得到100万美元的报酬。 在2003年，研究所成功地使四个婴儿足月产下，有两个在出生后不久就夭折了，另外两个却幸存了下来。但是就在那时，那位软件富翁死了，他的公司倒闭了，克隆研究所也因此垮台了。一个莫扎特婴儿被匿名收养，没有人知道他后来的情况;另一个被研究所的一位女科学家收养，她本人也是一个莫扎特迷。 “后一个就是我，”他说。 当然，关于他的身世，他母亲没有告诉他，也没有告诉别的人。但是，她对他说他很不一般，是一位天才，能成长为一位伟大的作曲家。她竭力将她的小莫扎特带进音乐的殿堂。 但是21世纪一十年代毕竟不是18世纪六十年代。这个小男孩也许有音乐方面的天赋，但是他也有了自己的爱好，其中却不包括小提琴奏鸣曲。他喜欢的是摇滚乐，而且是那种震耳欲聋的摇滚乐。随着年龄的增长，他喜欢上了啤酒和女孩子。他妈妈愈是努力地要将他培养成一个伟大的作曲家，他愈不想那样。不多久他妈妈也就放弃了。20岁的时候，他在一家镜框店里找了一份不错的工作。也就是在那个时候，灾难临头了。 某些记者风闻了关于那个研究所和克隆实验的消息，并追踪找到了他。但由于没有发掘出资料渊源，没有人能证明他就是一个克隆的莫扎特，因此媒体都把他当作笑料。这一事件使他崩溃了。他试图逃离他乡。后来他在日本一家佛教寺院成了一位佛家弟子。有一天在佛寺，他听到了安魂曲。虽然这不是他第一次听到这首曲子，但这一次却有不一样的感受。 “天哪～真是美极了!”他说，“我感到我的脑袋砰然开窍，我终于感受到它了:它在我的内心激荡回响。我要去完成它，为此死不足惜。”他知道，如果他能完成安魂曲，他将会真的成为一名天才而闻名于天下，而不会被视为蠢才。他全心身地投入到莫扎特的音乐里。无论是夜晚还是周末，所有的时间他都用来不顾一切地谱写安魂曲。 “那么，后来怎么样了,” “四个月前我就满了37岁。15年来我一心扑在谱写安魂曲的工作上。哎～莫扎特去世时才35岁，我本应该在两年前就完成安魂曲。” “你还没有啊。” 他看了看我，摇摇头，说道:“你不理解。我有的是他的基因，而不是他的天赋啊。” 说完这些，他在吧台上留下小费就走了。从此我再也没有看到过他。也许安魂曲真的写出来了，但我却从未听到过它。 Unit6 开罗的女出租车司机 她叫娜格特。 我第一次见到她是在开罗机场。一个女出租车司机——在一大群男伙伴中唯一干这一行的女性。 你知道在深夜到达一个陌生的城市是一种什么感受吗,没有任何人，甚至没有一缕阳光来迎接你。当我步出机场时，迎面而来的是成群的出租车司机——在全世界所有的机场都有众多出租车司机四处转悠。在开罗，出租司机人更多，更喧闹。“出租车～”“你要出租车吗,”我耳边充斥着这些声音。 我感到一只有力的手抓住了我的左臂。“你需要出租车，跟我来～”那个女人说。她什么都没有问，只是拉着我穿过人群。我顺从地跟着她。一个旅游者，特别是一个妇女，有些时候就不得不信赖某个人。我们来到一辆破旧的小车前。这辆车的风光已过——如今车身上有不少擦伤，轮胎磨得光秃秃的，挡风玻璃上还有一道裂缝。但它的确是一辆出租车。而且这个女人将亲自开车送我。她把我的包搬进行李箱，上好锁，然后坐在驾驶座上。这时我才松了一口气。“我会开车送你。别担心，”她说。 娜格特向我解释说，她每周开几个昼夜的出租车。她另有一份工作，在办公室任职， 但语焉不详。这辆破旧的小车不是她的，而是一个老板的。只要有可能，她就向他租来开。自从十来年前她丈夫撒手人寰，留下两个十多岁的孩子和她的双亲之后，她就一直开出租车养家糊口。 她熟知开罗的每一个角落——这并非一日之功。开罗迷宫般的大街小巷、居民区、集市所构成的复杂体系，宛如古代说书人编造的迷津。数百座清真寺——其中许多是伊斯兰建筑的精华，紧紧挤在一起的的老街区，郊外巨大的公寓楼群，静静流淌的尼罗河穿城而过——所有这些组成了这座过于拥挤的城市。 娜格特熟谙人情，略带幽默。她全权负责我的观光日程安排。每天早上9点正，我都能看见她矮壮的身影准时出现在旅馆大厅外。每当她瞥见我走下楼梯，她圆圆的脸上马上会绽放出灿烂的笑容。几乎每天她都穿着一件土黄色的带风帽的斗蓬。她动作利索，从不浪费任何时间。她做事果断似乎是由于经济条件所迫而养成的习惯，不得不尽可能多做些事情。 随着她开车带我从博物馆到金字塔，从城市的一端到另一端，我很快就发现她卓尔不群。每当我们停下来，喝一杯茶小憩或到达一个历史景点--在这些地方的停车场总是男出租车司机云集之处--无论何处，她总是引人注目。男人们走向她的车，脸上充满了疑惑。正如她告诉我的那样，他们首先都会问?quot;你是开出租车的吗,"经过她简短的解释，我看见那些男人脸色缓和下来，微笑着，尊重而和善地与她聊天。这种场面多次出现。我感觉到，她总是能赢得遇到她的人的友情。 娜格特自尊并自立。有一天，我看见她在博物馆外等我的时候，从出租车行李箱里取出备用轮胎--有一个磨秃的轮胎终于瘪了--准备自己换轮胎。几个好奇的旁观者围上来，还有人愿意帮忙--但是不，她不需要任何人帮忙。她麻利而从容地换好了轮胎，用瓶装水洗过手，然后坐进车里，问我:"现在去哪儿," 如果你有机会去开罗机场，记得到国际迎客厅外去找她。如果你幸运的话，你就有机会通过一个女出Unit7 摇头丸苦海无崖 我听到许多人谈论摇头丸，说它是一种奇妙无害的麻醉品。对此，我只能暗自感叹，"要是他们知道就好了。" 我是在宾夕法尼亚的一个乡间小镇长大的。在那个地方，你叫什么名字，你是干什么的，你吃的是什么，以及诸如此类的事儿别人都了如指掌。那时，我是一个门门皆优的好学生，是大家公认的一个乖孩子，人人都喜欢我。毒品与我的生活中根本不沾边，从来也没去想过--我别的事情还忙不过来咧。 我一直梦想到纽约市去学表演，然后从事舞台表演生涯。后来，我妈带我到那座城市去上表演艺术学校，实现了我的梦想。你能想象得到，这与家里相比可是大不一样。 我接触到了许多新朋友，新观念，接触到了一种全新的生活方式--这种生活方式也使我开始接触到了毒品。我在艺术学校遇到的那些人多数都已经有多年的吸毒经历。当时我觉得通过吸毒我可以真正融入他们那个世界，可以加深我与他们的友情。我试过大麻，甚至还试过一点可卡因，不过，永远改变了我的生活的是摇头丸。 我还记得我第一次用摇头丸时的感觉:浑身上下飘然若仙。我甚至感受到了宇宙的脉搏，宛如某种神奇世界的铁锁被我豁然开启，让我顿入天界一般。我当时心想，能够让人感到如此美妙的东西怎么可能不好呢, 随着时间的推移，情况发生了变化。我毕业后开始越来越频繁地吸用毒品，尤其是摇头丸。我自己吸毒并开始看不起那些不吸毒的人。我成天与吸毒者为伍。我已经从一个不沾毒品的女孩变成了一个没有毒品就难以度日的女人。 仅五个月的时间，我就从一个追求梦想，对生活还有些责任感的人，变成了一个对一切都无所谓的庸人。而且，我走得越远，我越发陷于黑暗孤寂的深渊。我一旦入睡，便会噩梦连连，颤抖不已。我肤色如灰，头痛欲炸，精神也开始错乱起来。对此我全然没有理会，以为这一切都是正常的，直到有一天夜晚我觉得我就要死了。 那天夜晚，我正和几个朋友坐在长沙发上看电影，起初还感觉正常，可是突然我觉 得仿佛想要从自己的躯壳里蹦出来似的，各种各样的念头、恐怖无比的景象和扑朔离迷的幻影在脑海里闪烁。当时我觉得我撞见了魔鬼。我不停地问朋友们我是不是已经死了。在发作的高峰，我感觉我仿佛象心脏病发作了一般。半夜时候，我总算拿起了电话，拨通了我妈妈的号码，叫她赶紧来接我。第二天一早她来了，把我从公寓里拽了出来。 在我妈开车带我回宾夕法尼亚州我们的家庭医院的时候，我迷迷糊糊，忘了自己是谁，也不知道自己身在何处。路上的大部分时间，我都卷曲着身子，倒在汽车的后座上，而我妹妹一直在尽力使我安静下来。 在一种极度的迷茫状态之中，我在病房里度过了14天。这就是摇头丸给我带来的结果——还不止如此。医生们给我的大脑作了一次扫描检查。当我看到检查结果的时候，我简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。扫描显示我的脑电图上呈现好几处黑斑。医生们告诉我说，这些黑斑出现的区域正是大脑执行记忆功能的区域，表明我的大脑活动已经产生了某种病变。 自打我看到那张脑电图之后，我的生活就如爬坡上坎似的变得艰难起来。 我总是听到人们说，摇头丸是一种令人愉悦的无害麻醉品。然而当这种”无害”之药一点一点地侵蚀了我的生命的时候，哪里还有愉悦。摇头丸夺走了我的体力，我的追求，我的梦想，我的朋友，我的公寓，我的钱财，而最为重要的是，它夺走了我的心灵。我每天都在担心自己的未来和健康。我的前面有许多高山险阻。但是，我要不断地翻越攀登，因为我是为数不多的幸运儿之一。 我得到了第二次机会，而这并不是人人都能得到的。 。