马来西亚榴莲测试指南Durian

马来西亚榴莲测试指南Durian MLVT 1/2012 (08) GARIS PANDUAN UNTUK MENJALANKAN UJIAN KELAINAN, KESERAGAMAN DAN KESTABILAN GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF TESTS FOR DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY DURIAN (Durio zibethinus L.) Nama Lain: Alternative Names: Nama Botani Nama Tempatan Nama Biasa Botanical Name Local Name Common Name Durio zibethinus L. Durian Durian JABATAN PERTANIAN MALAYSIA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MALAYSIA JUN 2010 JUNE 2010 JADUAL KANDUNGAN TABLE OF CONTENTS HLM. PAGE 1.0 1 SUBJEK GARIS PANDUAN UJIAN SUBJECT OF THESE TEST GUIDELINES 2.0 1 BAHAN YANG DIPERLUKAN MATERIAL REQUIRED 3.0 KAEDAH PEMERIKSAAN METHOD OF EXAMINATION 2 3.1 Bilangan Kitaran Pertumbuhan Number of Growing Cycles 2 3.2 Tempat Ujian Testing Place 2 3.3 Keadaan bagi Menjalankan Pemeriksaan Conditions for Conducting the Examination 3 3.4 Reka Bentuk Ujian Test Design 4 3.5 Bilangan Pokok/ Bahagian Pokok untuk Diperiksa Number of Plants / Parts of Plants to be Examined 3.6 Ujian Tambahan 4 Additional Tests 4.0 PENILAIAN KELAINAN, KESERAGAMAN DAN KESTABILAN ASSESSMENT OF DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY 4 4.1 Kelainan Distinctness 5 4.2 Keseragaman Uniformity 6 4.3 Kestabilan Stability 5.0 6 PENGELOMPOKAN VARIETI DAN PERANCANGAN & PELAKSANAAN UJIAN PENANAMAN GROUPING OF VARIETIES AND ORGANIZATION OF THE GROWING TRIAL 6.0 PENGENALAN KEPADA JADUAL CIRI INTRODUCTION TO THE TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS 7 6.1 Kategori Ciri Categories of Characteristics i 8 6.2 Tahap Ekspresi dan Catatan yang Berkaitan States of Expression and Corresponding Notes 8 6.3 Jenis Ekspresi Types of Expression 8 6.4 Varieti Contoh Example Varieties 9 6.5 Petunjuk Legend 7.0 9 PENJELASAN JADUAL CIRI EXPLANATIONS ON THE TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS 8.0 11 JADUAL CIRI TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS 9.0 29 RUJUKAN LITERATURE 10.0 30 BORANG SOAL SELIDIK TEKNIKAL TECHNICAL QUESTIONNAIRE 11.0 38 PENGHARGAAN ACKNOWLEDGMENT ii 1.0 SUBJEK GARIS PANDUAN UJIAN SUBJECT OF THESE TEST GUIDELINES Garis panduan ini digunakan bagi semua varieti Durio zibethinus L. These Test Guidelines apply to all varieties of Durio zibethinus L. 2.0 BAHAN YANG DIPERLUKAN MATERIAL REQUIRED 2.1. Pihak yang kompeten memutuskan kuantiti dan kualiti bahan tanaman yang diperlukan bagi pengujian varieti serta masa dan tempat bahan tanaman itu perlu dihantar. Pemohon yang menyerahkan bahan dari Negera selain Malaysia di mana ujian dijalankan mestilah memastikan semua formaliti kastam dan keperluan fitosanitari telah dipatuhi. The competent authority decides on the quantity and quality of the plant material required for testing the variety and when and where it is to be delivered. Applicants submitting material from a Country other than Malaysia in which the testing takes place must ensure that all customs formalities and phytosanitary requirements are complied with. 2.2 Bahan hendaklah dibekalkan dalam bentuk pokok pada pokok penanti yang ditentukan oleh pihak yang kompeten. The material is to be supplied in the form of tree, on a rootstock specified by the competent authority. 2.3 Kuantiti minimum biji benih untuk dibekalkan oleh pemohon seharusnya; The minimum quantity of seed, to be supplied by the applicant, should be: 5 pokok. 5 trees. 2.4 Bahan tanaman yang dibekalkan seharusnya kelihatan sihat, cergas dan tiada kesan kerosakan akibat daripada mana-mana perosak atau penyakit yang berbahaya. The plant meterial supplied should be visibly healthy, not lacking in vigour, nor affected by any important pest or disease. 2.5 Bahan tanaman tidak seharusnya melalui apa-apa rawatan yang mungkin menjejaskan ekspresi ciri varieti, melainkan pihak yang kompeten membenarkan atau meminta rawatan itu dilakukan. Sekiranya biji benih telah dirawat, butir-butir penuh tentang rawatan mestilah diberikan. The plant material should not have undergone any treatment which would affect the expression of the characteristics of the variety, unless the competent authority allows or requests such treatment. If it has been treated, full details of the treatment must be given. 1 3.0 KAEDAH PEMERIKSAAN METHOD OF EXAMINATION 3.1. Bilangan Kitaran Pertumbuhan Number of Growing Cycles 3.1.1 Tempoh minimum bagi ujian seharusnya dua kitaran pertumbuhan bebas. The minimum duration of tests should normally be a two independent growing cycles. 3.1.2 Kitaran pertumbuhan dianggap sebagai tempoh dari permulaan pertumbuhan vegetatif atau pembungaan yang aktif, berlanjutan sepanjang pertumbuhan vegetatif aktif, pembentukan bunga serta buah dan berakhir dengan kutipan buah. The growing cycle is considered to be the period ranging from the beginning of active vegetative growth or flowering, continuing through active vegetative growth, flowering and fruit development and concluding with the harvesting of fruit. 3.2 Tempat Ujian Testing Place Biasanya ujian dijalankan di satu tempat. Jika ujian dijalankan di lebih daripada satu tempat, garis panduan diberi dalam dokumen UPOV TGP/9: Examining Distinctness. The tests should normally be conducted at one place. In the case of tests conducted at more than one place, guidance is provided in UPOV document TGP/9: Examining Distinctness. 3.3 Keadaan bagi Menjalankan Pemeriksaan Conditions for Conducting the Examination 3.3.1 Ujian seharusnya dijalankan di bawah keadaan yang memastikan pertumbuhan adalah memuaskan bagi ekspresi ciri varieti yang berkaitan dan bagi pemeriksaan yang dijalankan. Yang penting pokok mengeluarkan hasil buah yang memuaskan dalam setiap satu daripada dua musim berbuah. The tests should be carried out under conditions ensuring satisfactory growth for the expression of the relevant characteristics of the variety and for the conduct of the examination. In particular, it is essential that the trees produce a satisfactory crop of fruit in each of two growing cycles. 3.3.2 Peringkat tumbesaran bagi penilaian 2 Stage of development for the assessment Peringkat tumbesaran yang optimum bagi penilaian setiap ciri ditunjukkan oleh huruf dalam kolum kedua Jadual Ciri. Peringkat tumbesaran yang ditandakan oleh setiap huruf diperihalkan dalam Bab 7.0. The optimal stage of development for the assessment of each characteristic is indicated by a letter in the second column of the Table of Characteristics. The stages of development denoted by each letter are described at Chapter 7.0. 3.3.3 Jenis pemerhatian Type of observation Kaedah pemerhatian ciri yang disyorkan diberikan oleh petunjuk berikut dalam kolum kedua Jadual Ciri: The recommended method of observing the characteristic is indicated by the following key in the second column of the Table of Characteristics: MG: satu pengukuran ke atas sekumpulan tanaman atau bahagian tanaman single measurement of a group of plants or parts of plants MS: pengukuran beberapa tanaman atau bahagian tanaman secara individu measurement of a number of individual plants or parts of plants VG: penilaian visual dengan satu pemerhatian ke atas sekumpulan tanaman atau bahagian tanaman visual assessment by a single observation of a group of plants or parts of plants VS: penilaian visual dengan memerhati setiap tanaman atau bahagian tanaman visual assessment by observation of individual plants or parts of plants 3.4. Reka Bentuk Ujian Test Design 3.4.1 Setiap ujian seharusnya direka bagi menghasilkan jumlah sekurang-kurangnya 5 pokok. Each test should be designed to result in a total of at least 5 plants. 3.4.2 Reka bentuk ujian seharusnya sebegitu rupa supaya tanaman atau bahagian tanaman boleh diasingkan untuk diukur atau dikira tanpa menjejaskan pemerhatian yang selanjutnya. 3 The design of the tests should be such that plants or parts of plants may be removed for measurement or counting without prejudice to the observations which must be made up to the end of the growing period. 3.5. Bilangan Pokok / Bahagian Pokok untuk Diperiksa Numbers of Plants/ Parts of Plants to be Examined Kecuali dinyatakan sebaliknya, semua pemerhatian mestilah dibuat pada 5 tanaman atau bahagian tanaman yang diambil setiap satu daripada 5 tanaman itu. Bagi setiap pokok, bilangan sampel yang perlu diambil dari setiap bahagian adalah 2. Unless otherwise indicated, all observations should be made on 5 plants or parts taken from each of 5 plants. In the case of parts of plants, the number to be taken from each of the plants should be 2. 3.6. Ujian Tambahan Additional Tests Ujian tambahan untuk memeriksa ciri berkaitan boleh ditentukan. Additional tests, for examining relevant characteristics, may be established. 4.0 PENILAIAN KELAINAN, KESERAGAMAN DAN KESTABILAN ASSESSMENT OF DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY 4.1 Kelainan Distinctness 4.1.1 Syor Umum General Recommendations Amat penting bagi pengguna Garis Panduan Ujian ini untuk merujuk Dokumen UPOV TGP 1/3: General Introduction sebelum membuat keputusan berkenaan dengan kelainan. Walau bagaimanapun, perkara berikut diberikan bagi huraian lebih lanjut atau penekanan dalam Garis Panduan ini. It is of particular importance for users of these Test Guidelines to consult the UPOV document TGP 1/3: General Introduction prior to making decisions regarding distinctness. However, the following points are provided for elaboration or emphasis in these Test Guidelines. 4.1.2 Perbezaan yang Konsisten Consistent Differences Sekiranya perbezaan yang diperhatikan antara varieti amat jelas, satu kitaran pertumbuhan adalah mencukupi. Selain itu, dalam sesetengah keadaan sekiranya tidak 4 terdapat perbezaan yang jelas yang mungkin disebabkan oleh faktor persekitaran, lebih daripada satu kitaran pertumbuhan diperlukan untuk memberikan kepastian bahawa perbezaan yang diperhatikan antara varieti supaya cukup konsisten. Satu cara untuk memastikan perbezaan dalam satu ciri yang diperhatikan dalam satu ujian penanaman cukup konsisten adalah dengan memeriksa ciri pada sekurang-kurangnya dua kitaran pertumbuhan yang bebas. The differences observed between varieties may be so clear that more than one growing cycle is not necessary. In addition, in some circumstances, the influence of the environment is not such that more than a single growing cycle is required to provide assurance that the differences observed between varieties are sufficiently consistent. One means of ensuring that a characteristic, observed in a growing trial, is sufficiently consistent is to examine the characteristic in at least two independent growing cycles. 4.1.3 Perbezaan Jelas Clear Differences Menentukan sama ada sesuatu perbezaan antara dua varieti adalah jelas atau tidak bergantung pada banyak faktor, dan seharusnya mengambil kira terutamanya jenis ekspresi ciri yang diperiksa, iaitu sama ada ciri itu diekspresikan dalam cara kualitatif, kuantitatif, atau pseudokualitatif. Justeru itu, penting bagi pengguna Garis Panduan Ujian ini untuk mengetahui syor yang terkandung dalam Dokumen UPOV TGP 1/3: General Introduction sebelum membuat keputusan berkenaan dengan kelainan. Determining whether a difference between two varieties is clear depends on many factors, and should consider, in particular, the type of expression of the characteristic being examined, i.e. whether it is expressed in a qualitative, quantitative, or pseudo-qualitative manner. Therefore, it is important that users of these Test Guidelines are familiar with the recommendations contained in the UPOV document TGP 1/3: General Introduction prior to making decisions regarding distinctness. 4.2 Keseragaman Uniformity 4.2.1 Amat penting bagi pengguna Garis Panduan Ujian ini untuk merujuk Dokumen UPOV TGP 1/3: General Introduction sebelum membuat keputusan berkenaan dengan keseragaman. Walau bagaimanapun, perkara berikut diberikan sebagai huraian lebih lanjut atau penekanan dalam Garis Panduan ini. It is of particular importance for users of these Test Guidelines to consult the UPOV document TGP 1/3: General Introduction prior to making decisions regarding uniformity. However, the following points are provided for elaboration or emphasis in these Test Guidelines. 4.2.2 Bagi penilaian keseragaman, standard populasi sebanyak 1% dan kebarangkalian peneriamaan sekurang-kurangnya 95% seharusnya digunakan. Dalam kes saiz sampel 5 tanaman, tiada jenis ganjil dibenarkan. 5 For the assessment of uniformity, a population standard 1% and an acceptance probability of at least 95% should be applied. In the case of a sample size of 5 plants, no off- types are allowed. 4.3 Kestabilan Stability 4.3.1 Secara praktikalnya, ujian kestabilan adalah jarang dijalankan bagi menghasilkan keputusan yang begitu pasti seperti keputusan ujian kelainan dan keseragaman. Namun begitu, pengalaman menunjukkan bahawa bagi kebanyakan jenis varieti, apabila sesuatu varieti terbukti seragam, ia boleh dianggap sebagai stabil. In practice, it is not usual to perform tests of stability that produce results as certain as those of the testing of distinctness and uniformity. However, experience has demonstrated that, for many types of variety, when a variety has been shown to be uniform, it can also be considered to be stable. 4.3.2 Apabila sesuai atau jika terdapat keraguan, kestabilan boleh diuji, sama ada dengan menanam generasi selanjutnya, atau dengan menguji stok bahan tanaman yang baru untuk memastikan tanaman itu menunjukkan ciri yang sama seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh bahan yang dibekalkan sebelumnya. Where appropriate, or in cases of doubt, stability may be tested, either by growing a further generation, or by testing a new plant stock to ensure that it exhibits the same characteristics as those shown by the previous material supplied. 5.0 PENGELOMPOKAN VARIETI DAN PERANCANGAN & PELAKSANAAN UJIAN PENANAMAN GROUPING OF VARIETIES AND ORGANIZATION OF THE GROWING TRIAL 5.1 Pemilihan varieti yang diketahui umum untuk ditanam dalam ujian bersama-sama varieti calon dan cara varieti ini dibahagikan kepada kelompok bagi memudahkan penilaian kelainan, dibantu oleh penggunaan ciri pengelompokan. The selection of varieties of common knowledge to be grown in the trial with the candidate varieties and the way in which these varieties are divided into groups to facilitate the assessment of distinctness are aided by the use of grouping characteristics. 5.2 Ciri pengelompokan ialah ciri yang keadaan ekspresinya telah didokumenkan walaupun dihasilkan di lokasi berlainan, boleh digunakan sama ada secara berasingan atau secara gabungan dengan ciri lain: Grouping characteristics are those in which the documented states of expression, even where produced at different locations, can be used, either individually or in combination with other such characteristics: 6 (a) untuk memilih varieti yang diketahui umum yang boleh dikecualikan dalam ujian penanaman yang digunakan bagi memeriksa kelainan; dan to select varieties of common knowledge that can be excluded from the growing trial used for examination of distinctness; and (b) untuk mengaturkan ujian penanaman supaya varieti yang serupa dikelompokkan bersama. to organize the growing trial so that similar varieties are grouped together. 5.3 Yang berikut telah dipersetujui sebagai ciri pengelompokan yang sesuai: The following have been agreed as useful grouping characteristics: (i) Lai daun: panjang (ciri. 2) Leaf blade: length (char. 2) (ii) Putik bunga: bentuk sebelum kembang (ciri 9) Flower bud: shape at preblossom stage (char.9) (iii) Buah: bentuk pada pandangan memanjang (ciri 12) Fruit: shape in lateral view (char. 12) (iv) Buah: bentuk duri (ciri 18) Fruit: spine shape (char. 18) v) Isi: (warna utama (ciri 30) Flesh: predominant colour (char. 30) 5.4 Garis panduan bagi penggunaan ciri pengelompokan, dalam proses memeriksa kelainan, diberi dalam Dokumen UPOV TGP 1/3: General Introduction. Guidance for the use of grouping characteristics, in the process of examining distinctness, is provided through the UPOV document TGP 1/3: General Introduction. 6.0 PENGENALAN KEPADA JADUAL CIRI INTRODUCTION TO THE TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS 6.1 Kategori Ciri Categories of Characteristics 6.1.1 Ciri Garis Panduan Ujian Nasional National Test Guidelines Characteristics National Test Guidelines characteristics are those which are adopted from UPOV Standard Test Guidelines for examination of DUS. 7 6.1.2 Ciri Bertanda Asterisk Asterisked Characteristics Ciri bertanda asterisk ditandakan dengan (*) ialah ciri yang termasuk dalam Garis Panduan Ujian yang merupakan ciri penting bagi penyelarasan deskripsi varieti pada peringkat antarabangsa dan seharusnya selalu diperiksa untuk DUS, dan dimasukkan dalam deskripsi varieti, kecuali apabila keadaan ekspresi ciri yang sebelumnya atau keadaan persekitaran kawasan menjadikannya tidak sesuai. Asterisked characteristics (denoted by *) are those included in the Test Guidelines which are important for the international harmonization of variety descriptions and should always be examined for DUS and included in the variety description except when the state of expression of a preceding characteristic or regional environmental conditions render this inappropriate. 6.2 Tahap Ekpresi dan Catatan yang Berkaitan States of Expression and Corresponding Notes Tahap ekspresi diberi bagi setiap ciri untuk menjelaskan ciri dan untuk menyelaraskan deskripsi. Setiap tahap ekspresi diperuntukkan catatan berangka yang sepadan bagi memudahkan merekod data dan bagi penerbitan serta pertukaran deskripsi. States of expression are given for each characteristic to define the characteristic and to harmonize descriptions. Each state of expression is allocated a corresponding numerical note for ease of recording of data and for the production and exchange of the description. 6.3 Jenis Ekspresi Types of Expression Penjelasan tentang jenis ekspresi ciri (kualitatif, kuantitatif dan pseudokualitatif) diberi dalam Dokumen UPOV TGP 1/3: General Introduction. An explanation of the types of expression of characteristics (qualitative, quantitative and pseudo-qualitative) is provided in the UPOV document TGP 1/3: General Introduction. 6.4 Varieti Contoh Example Varieties Di mana sesuai, varieti contoh diberi untuk menjelaskan keadaan ekspresi setiap ciri. Where appropriate, example varieties are provided to clarify the states of expression of each characteristic. 8 6.5 Petunjuk Legend (*) Ciri bertanda asterisk – lihat Bab 6.1.2 Asterisked characteristic – see Chapter 6.1.2 QL Ciri kualitatif – lihat Bab 6.3 Qualitative characteristic – see Chapter 6.3 QN Ciri kuantitatif – lihat Bab 6.3 Quantitative characteristic – see Chapter 6.3 PQ Ciri pseudokualitatif – lihat Bab 6.3 Pseudo-Qualitative characteristic – see Chapter 6.3 MG: lihat bahagian 3.3.3 see section 3.3.3 MS: lihat bahagian 3.3.3 see section 3.3.3 VG: lihat bahagian 3.3.3 see section 3.3.3 VS: lihat bahagian 3.3.3 see section 3.3.3 (a) – (c) Lihat Penjelasan meliputi beberapa ciri dalam Bab 7.0. See Explanations Covering Several Characteristics in Chapter 7.0. (+) Lihat Penjelasan bagi ciri individu dalam Bab 8.0. See Explanations for Individual Characteristics in Chapter 8.0. 7.0 PENJELASAN JADUAL CIRI EXPLANATIONS ON THE TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS Penjelasan meliputi beberapa ciri Explanations for several characteristics Ciri yang mengandungi petunjuk berikut dalam kolum kedua Jadual Ciri seharusnya diperiksa seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah ini: Characteristics containing the following key in the second column of the Table of Characteristics should be examined as indicated below: (a) Semua pemerhatian pada daun seharusnya dibuat pada daun matang ke-3 hingga ke-5 yang terletak pada pucuk hujung. 9 thth All observations on the leaf should be made on the 3 to 5 fully developed leaf of the terminal shoot. (b) Semua pemerhatian pada bunga seharusnya dibuat pada peringkat sebelum bunga kembang. All observations on the flower should be made at the preblossom stage. (c) Semua pemerhatian pada buah, isi, pedisel dan duri seharusnya dibuat pada pada peringkat sesuai untuk pemasaran. All observations on the fruit, the flesh, pedicel and the fruit spine should be made at the marketing stage. 10 8.0 JADUAL CIRI TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS VARIETI BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE VARIETIES 1. VG Pokok: sudut percabangan akut D109 1 acute (+) batang. Tree: angle of branch QN obtus D7 2 obtuse mendatar D140 3 horizontal Tamb.(1): Pokok: sudut percabangan batang Ad. (1): Tree: angle of branch 1 2 3 obtus mendatar akut obtushorizontal acute e 2. MS Lai daun: panjang pendek 3 D123 Leaf blade: length short QN sederhana 5 D24 medium panjang 7 long 11 VARIETI BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE VARIETIES 3. MS Lai daun: lebar sempit 3 Leaf blade: width narrow QN sederhana 5 medium lebar 7 broad kecil 4. MS Lai daun: nisbah panjang/lebar 3 Leaf blade: ratio length/width small QN sederhana 5 medium lebar 7 large 5. VG Lai daun: bentuk eliptik D123 1 Leaf blade: shape elliptic (+) PQ oblong D99 2 oblong ovat 3 ovate Tamb.(5): Lai daun: bentuk Ad. (5): Leaf blade: shape 1 2 3 eliptik oblong ovat elliptic oblong ovate 12 VARIETI BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE VARIETIES 6. VG Lai daun: panjang tip akuminat 3 pendek Leaf blade: length of acuminate tip (+) short QN 5 sederhana D24 medium 7 panjang D159 long 7. VG Lai daun: pangkal 1 akut D24 Leaf blade: base (+) acute PQ 2 obtus D159 obtuse 3 bulat D123 rounded Tamb.(7): Lai daun: pangkal Ad. (7): Leaf blade: base 1 2 3 akut obtus bulat acute obtuse rounded 13 VARIETI BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE VARIETIES 8. VG Lai daun: warna bahagian keputihan D24 1 whitish bawah Leaf blade: colour of under surface PQ keperangan D99 2 brownish 9. VG Putik bunga: bentuk sebelum bulat D123 1 circular (+) kembang Flower bud: shape at preblossom stage QN eliptik D7 2 elliptic ovat D24 3 ovate Tamb.(9): Putik bunga: bentuk sebelum kembang Ad. (9): Flower bud: shape at preblossom stage 2 1 3 eliptik bulat ovat elliptic circular ovate 10. VG Putik bunga: apek bulat atau sedikit D7, D123 1 Flower bud: apex (+) runcing rounded or very slightly pointed PQ akut D145 2 acute obtus D24 3 obtuse 14 VARIETI BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE VARIETIES Tamb.(10): Putik bunga: apek Ad.(10): Flower bud: apex 2 1 3 akut bulat atau sedikit runcing obtus acute rounded or very slightly obtuse pointed 11. VG Putik bunga: warna utama kehijauan D7 1 Flower bud: predominant colour greenish QL kekuningan D145 2 yellowish 12. VG Buah: bentuk (pandangan oblat 1 oblate (+) memanjang) Fruit: shape (in lateral view) PQ bulat D24 2 circular eliptik 3 elliptic rhombik 4 rhombic ovat D159 5 ovate obovat 6 obovate oblong D7 7 oblong 15 VARIETI BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE VARIETIES Tamb.(12): Buah: bentuk (pandangan memanjang) Ad. (12): Fruit: shape (in lateral view) 1 2 3 oblat bulat eliptik oblate circular elliptic pointed 4 5 6 7 rhombik ovat obovat oblong rhombic ovate obovate oblong pointed 16 VARIETI BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE VARIETIES 13. VG Buah: bentuk (dalam keratan bulat tiada lurah D145 1 circular without groove (+) lintang) Fruit: shape (in cross section) QL bulat sedikit berlurah D168 2 circular with slight groove bulat dengan jelas D99 3 berlurah circular with pronounce groove Tamb.(13): Buah: bentuk (dalam keratan lintang) Ad. 13: Fruit: shape (in cross section) 3 1 2 bulat dengan jelas berlurah bulat tiada lurah bulat sedikit circular with pronounce groove circular without berlurah circular groove groove with slight groove Buah: apek 14. VG meruncing D159 1 pointed pointed groove pointed (+) Fruit: apex pointed QL mendatar D145 2 even melekuk D158 3 indented 17 VARIETI BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE VARIETIES Tamb.(14): Buah: apek Ad. (14): Fruit: apex 1 3 2 meruncing mendatar melekuk pointed even indented 15. VG Buah: bahu akut D2 1 Fruit: shoulder acute (+) QL mendatar D168 2 even cordat D99 3 cordate Tamb.(15): Buah: bahu Ad. (15): Fruit: shoulder 1 2 3 akut mendatar cordat acute even cordate pointed groove pointed 18 VARIETI BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE VARIETIES 16. MS Pedisel: panjang pendek D99 3 Pedicle: length short QN sederhana D24 5 medium panjang D158 7 long 17. MS Pedisel: garis-pusat kecil 3 Pedicle: diameter small QN sederhana 5 medium besar 7 broad 18. VG Buah: bentuk duri akut 1 Fruit: spine shape acute (+) PQ obtus 2 obtuse caudat 3 caudate Tamb.(18): Buah: bentuk duri Ad.(18): Fruit: spine shape 3 1 2 cordat akut obtus cordate acute obtuse groove pointed 19 VARIETI BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE VARIETIES 19. MG hijau D24 1 Buah: warna green Fruit: colour PQ hijau tua D145,D168 2 dark green hijau gangsa D2 3 greyed green hijau keperangan D99 4 brownish green perang kehijauan D159 5 greenish brown 20. VG Buah: kejelasan garisan tiada atau sangat D145, D168 1 (+) pangsa. lemah Fruit: clarity of line dividing absent or very weak sections QN sederhana D169 3 medium kuat D7 5 strong Tamb.(20): Buah: kejelasan garisan pangsa Ad. (20): Fruit: clarity of line dividing sections 1 2 3 tiada atau sangat sederhana kuat medium strong lemah absent or very weak pointed groove pointed 20 VARIETI BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE VARIETIES 21 VG Buah: kedapatan permatang tiada D7 1 absent (+) sepanjang pangsa QL Fruit: presence of ridges along the ada D197 9 line dividing sections present Tamb.(20): Buah: kedapatan permatang sepanjang pangsa Ad. (21): Fruit: presence of ridges along the line dividing sections 1 2 tiada ada absent present groove pointed 22. VG Buah: kedapatan duri halus tiada D145 1 absent (+) sepanjang pangsa Fruit: presence of minute spines along the line dividing sections QN sedikit D8 3 few banyak D2 5 many 21 VARIETI BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE VARIETIES Tamb.(22): Buah: kedapatan duri halus sepanjang pangsa Ad. (22): Fruit: presence of minute spines along the line dividing sections 3 1 tiada sedikit absent few groove groove pointed pointed 5 banyak many groove pointed 23. VG Buah: kawasan duri halus tiada atau kecil D7, D145 3 absent or small (+) dibahagian hujung Fruit: area of minute spines at distal end QN sederhana 5 medium luas D159 7 large 22 VARIETI BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE VARIETIES Tamb.(23): Buah: kawasan duri halus dibahagian hujung Ad. (23): Fruit: area of minute spines at distal end 5 7 3 sederhana luas tiada atau kecil medium large absent or small groove groove groove pointed pointed pointed melengkuk 24. VG Buah: posisi duri dibahagian D168 1 hooked (+) hujung Fruit: position of spines at distal end lurus atau tegak QL D145 2 vertical (or straight) 23 VARIETI BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE VARIETIES Tamb.(24): Buah: posisi duri dibahagian hujung Ad. (24): Fruit: insertion of spines at distal end 2 1 lurus atau tegak melengkuk vertical (or straight) hooked groove groove pointed pointed 25. VG Buah: kawasan tidak berduri tiada atau sangat 3 (+) dibahagian proksimal kecil Fruit: spineless area at proximal absent or very small end QN kecil 5 small luas 7 large 24 VARIETI BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE VARIETIES Tamb.(25): Buah: kawasan tidak berduri dibahagian proksimal Ad.(25): Fruit: spineless area at proximal end 3 5 7 tiada atau sangat kecil kecil luas absent or very small small large groove pointed pointed 26. MS Buah: berat ringan D99 3 Fruit: weight light QN sederhana D24 5 medium berat D158 7 heavy 27. MS Buah: nisbah berat isi (tanpa kecil 3 small biji)/berat ulas (isi beserta biji) Fruit: ratio weigh of aril (seed QN removed)/weight of pulp (aril with sederhana 5 seed) medium besar 7 large 28. MS Buah: ketebalan kulit nipis 3 Fruit: thickness of peel thin QN sederhana 5 medium tebal 7 thick 25 VARIETI BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE VARIETIES 29. MS Isi: ketebalan nipis 3 Flesh: thickness thin (+) QN sederhana 5 medium D168 tebal 7 thick Tamb.(29): Isi: ketebalan Ad.(29): Flesh: thickness Observation should be made at the market stage on the middle of carpel. 30. MG Isi: warna utama putih 1 Flesh: predominant colour white (*) PQ kuning pucat D24 2 light yellow kuning D197 3 yellow kuning jingga D168 4 yellow orange jingga kemerahan Bunga Samar 5 reddish orange 31. VG Buah: aroma tiada atau sedikit 1 Flesh: aroma absent or weak QN sederhana 2 medium kuat 3 strong 32. VG Buah: kemanisan tiada atau sedikit 1 Flesh: sweetness absent or weak (+) QN sederhana 2 medium kuat 3 strong 26 VARIETI BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE VARIETIES Tamb.(33): Buah: kemanisan Ad.(33): Flesh: sweetness To be assessed by a panel tiada atau sedikit 33. VG Buah: kepahitan 1 Flesh: bitterness absent or weak QN sederhana 2 medium kuat 3 strong 34. VG Buah: tekstur halus 1 Flesh: texture fine QN sederhana 2 medium kasar 3 coarse 35. VG Biji: bentuk bujur 1 Seed: shape oblong (+) PQ bulat 2 circular eliptik 3 elliptic Tamb.(35): Biji: bentuk Ad.(35): Seed: shape Observation should be made at the market stage after the observation of flesh’s thickness 36. VG Biji: saiz kecil 3 Seed: size small QN sederhana 5 medium besar 7 large 27 VARIETI BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE VARIETIES sedikit / few 37. MS Biji: kehadiran biji kesep 3 Seed: presence of flattened seeds QN sederhana / medium 5 banyak / many 7 28 9. RUJUKAN LITERATURE UPOV. 2006. DRAFT: Guidelines For The Conduct of Tests For Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability. Durian (Durio spp.). UPOV/ASIA/05/DURIAN. International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), Geneva. 29 10.0 SOAL SELIDIK TEKNIKAL TECHNICAL QUESTIONNAIRE BORANG SOAL SELIDIK TEKNIKAL TECHNICAL QUESTIONNAIRE untuk dilengkapi berkaitan dengan permohonan Hak Pembiak Baka Tumbuhan to be completed in connection with an application for Plant Breeders' Rights UNTUK KEGUNAAN RASMI FOR OFFICIAL USE Tarikh Permohonan : Nombor Rujukan : Application date Reference Number (tidak boleh diisi oleh pemohon) (not to be filled in by the applicant) 1. BAHAN UJIAN SUBJECT OF THE TECHNICAL QUESTIONNAIRE 1.1 Nama Botani : Durio zibethinus L. Botanical Name 1.2 Nama Biasa : DURIAN Common name Durian 1.3 Nama Tempatan : Local name 2. PEMOHON APPLICANT Nama Pemohon : _______________________________ No. Fax : _____________________________ Applicant Name Fax No Alamat : ____________________________________ E-Mail : _____________________________ E-mail Address ____________________________________ Pembiak Baka : _____________________________ _____________________________________ Breeder (jika berlainan daripada pemohon) No. Telefon :_________________________________ (if different from applicant) Telephone No 3. NAMA YANG DICADANGKAN DAN RUJUKAN PEMBIAK BAKA PROPOSED DENOMINATION AND BREEDER'S REFERENCE Nama yang dicadangkan _______________________ ________________________ _______________________ stndrd Proposed denomination pilihan pertama (1 choice) pilihan kedua (2 choice) pilihan ketiga (3 choice) Rujukan pembiak baka ___________________________ Breeder's reference 30 Halaman {2} daripada {6} Page {2} of {6} # 4. MAKLUMAT SKIM PEMBIAKBAKAAN DAN PEMBIAKAN VARIETI INFORMATION ON THE BREEDING SCHEME AND PROPAGATION OF THE VARIETY 4.1 Skim pembiakbakaan Breeding scheme Varieti terhasil daripada : Variety resulting from Kacukan kacuk terkawal (sila nyatakan varieti induk) Crossing controlled cross (please state parent varieties) Mutasi (sila nyatakan varieti induk) Mutation (please state parent varieties) Penemuan dan pembangunan (sila nyatakan di mana dan bila ditemui dan bagaimana dibangunkan) Discovery and development (please state where and when discovered and how developed) Lain-lain (sila berikan butir-butir) Other (please provide details) 4.2 Kaedah pembiakan varieti Method of propagating the variety 4.2.1 Pembiakan vegetatif Vegetative propagation cantuman grafting pembiakan in vitro in vitro propagation lain-lain (nyatakan kaedah) other (state method) 4.2.2 Biji benih Seed 4.2.3 Kaedah pembiakan yang lain (sila berikan butir-butir) Other method of propagation (please provide details) # Pihak berkuasa mungkin membenarkan maklumat tertentu ini diberi dalam bahagian sulit Borang Soal Selidik Teknikal. Authority may allow certain of this information to be provided in a confidential section of the Technical Questionnaire. 31 5. CIRI VARIETI UNTUK DINYATAKAN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VARIETY TO BE INDICATED Nombor dalam kurungan merujuk ciri yang sepadan dengan ciri dalam Garis Panduan Ujian; sila tandakan catatan yang paling sepadan. The number in brackets refers to the corresponding characteristic in Test Guidelines; please mark the note which best corresponds. Bil Ciri Keterangan Varieti Contoh Catatan Characteristic State Example varieties Note No 3 [ ] pendek 5.1 Lai daun: panjang short Leaf blade: length (2) 5 [ ] sederhana medium 7 [ ] panjang long bulat 1 [ ] 5.2 Putik bunga: bentuk sebelum kembang circular (9) Flower bud: shape at preblossom stage 2 [ ] eliptik elliptic 3 [ ] ovat ovate Buah: bentuk pada pandangan oblat 1 [ ] 5.3 oblate memanjang (12) Fruit: shape in lateral view 2 [ ] bulat circular 3 [ ] eliptik elliptic 4 [ ] rombik rhombic 5 [ ] ovat ovate 6 [ ] obovat obovate 7 [ ] oblong oblong 32 Ciri Keterangan Varieti Contoh Bil Catatan Characteristic State Example varieties Note No akut 1 [ ] 5.4 Buah: bentuk duri acute (18) Fruit: shape of spine 3 [ ] obtus obtuse 5 [ ] kaudat caudate putih 1 [ ] 5.5 Isi: warna utama white (31) Flesh: predominant colour 2 [ ] kuning cerah light yellow 3 [ ] kuning yellow 4 [ ] jingga kekuningan yellowish orange 5 [ ] jingga kemerahan reddish orange 33 6. VARIETI SERUPA DAN PERBEZAAN DARIPADA VARIETI CALON SIMILAR VARIETIES AND DIFFERENCES FROM THESE VARIETIES Sila gunakan jadual dan kotak berikut untuk komen dan untuk memberikan maklumat berkenaan dengan bagaimana varieti yang anda pilih berbeza daripada varieti yang, sejauh yang anda ketahui, paling serupa. Maklumat ini boleh membantu pihak berkuasa pemeriksaan untuk menjalankan pemeriksaan kelainan dengan cara yang lebih cekap. Please use the following table and box for comments to provide information on how your candidate variety differs from the variety (or varieties) which, to the best of your knowledge, is (or are) most similar. This information may help the examination authority to conduct its examination of distinctness in a more efficient way. Terangkan ekspresi Nama varieti yang Ciri varieti calon yang Terangkan ekspresi ciri bagi varieti calon serupa dengan berbeza daripada ciri bagi varieti serupa varieti calon varieti serupa Describe the expression of Describe the expression of the characteristic(s) for Characteristic(s) in which your the characteristic(s) for the Denomination(s) of your candidate variety candidate variety differs from similar variety(ies) variety(ies) similar to your the similar variety(ies) candidate variety Contoh Isi: warna utama kuning cerah kuning Example Flesh: predominant colour light yellow yellow [………………………..] Komen : Comments 34 # 7. MAKLUMAT TAMBAHAN YANG BOLEH MEMBANTU DALAM PEMERIKSAAN VARIETI ADDITIONAL INFORMATION WHICH MAY HELP IN THE EXAMINATION OF THE VARIETY 7.1 Selain maklumat yang diberi dalam bahagian 5 dan bahagian 6, adakah apa-apa ciri tambahan yang boleh membantu untuk membezakan varieti? In addition to the information provided in sections 5 and 6, are there any additional characteristics which may help to distinguish the variety? Ada Tiada Yes No (Jika ada, berikan butir-butir) ............................................................................................................... (If yes, please provide details) …………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………. 7.2 Adakah apa-apa syarat khusus bagi menanam varieti atau menjalankan pemeriksaan? Are there any special conditions for growing the variety or conducting the examination? Ada Tiada Yes No (Jika ada, berikan butir-butir) ............................................................................................................... (If yes, please provide details) …………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………. 7.3 Maklumat lain Other information 7.4 Gambar berwarna yang mewakili varieti perlu disertakan bersama Borang Soal Selidik Teknikal ini. A representative colour photograph of the variety should accompany the Technical Questionnaire. # Pihak berkuasa mungkin membenarkan maklumat tertentu ini diberi dalam bahagian sulit Borang Soal Selidik Teknikal. Authority may allow certain of this information to be provided in a confidential section of the Technical Questionnaire. 8. KEBENARAN PENGELUARAN AUTHORIZATION FOR RELEASE 8. (a) Adakah varieti memerlukan kebenaran sebelum pengeluaran di bawah undang-undang berhubung dengan perlindungan alam sekitar, kesihatan manusia dan kesihatan haiwan? Does the variety require prior authorization for release under legislation concerning the protection of the environment, human and animal health? Ya Tidak Yes No (b) Adakah kebenaran itu telah diperoleh? Has such authorization been obtained? Ya Tidak Yes No Jika jawapan kepada (b) ialah ya, sila kepilkan satu salinan kebenaran tersebut. If the answer to (b) is yes, please attach a copy of the authorization. 35 9. MAKLUMAT BAHAN TUMBUHAN UNTUK DIPERIKSA ATAU DISERAH BAGI PEMERIKSAAN INFORMATION ON PLANT MATERIAL TO BE EXAMINED OR SUBMITTED FOR EXAMINATION 9.1 Ekspresi satu ciri atau beberapa ciri varieti mungkin terjejas oleh faktor seperti haiwan perosak dan penyakit, rawatan kimia (contohnya bahan pembantut pertumbuhan atau pestisid), kesan kultur tisu,pokok penanti yang berlainan, sion yang diambil daripada fasa pertumbuhan pokok yang berlainan dan lain-lain. The expression of a characteristic or several characteristics of a variety may be affected by factors, such as pests and disease, chemical treatment (e.g. growth retardants or pesticides), effects of tissue culture, different rootstocks, scions taken from different growth phases of a tree, etc 9.2 Bahan tanaman tidak seharusnya melalui apa-apa rawatan yang menjejaskan ekspresi ciri varieti, kecuali pihak berkuasa yang kompeten telah membenarkan atau meminta rawatan sedemikian. Jika bahan tanaman telah melalui rawatan sedemikian, butir-butir penuh bagi rawatan mestilah diberikan. Berhubung dengan hal ini, sila tunjukkan di bawah ini, sepanjang yang anda ketahui, sekiranya bahan tanaman untuk diperiksa itu: The plant material should not have undergone any treatment which would affect the expression of the characteristics of the variety, unless the competent authority allows or requests such treatment. If the plant material has undergone such treatment, full details of the treatment must be given. In this respect, please indicate below, to the best of your knowledge, if the plant material to be examined has been subjected to: (a) terdedah kepada mikroorganisma (contohnya virus, bakteria, fitoplasma) Microorganisms (e.g. virus, bacteria, phytoplasma) Ya Yes ………….................................................................................................................... Sila berikan butir-butir bagi jawapan “ya” yang anda berikan. Please provide details for where you have indicated "yes“ Tidak No (b) menjalani rawatan kimia (contohnya bahan pembantut pertumbuhan, pestisid) Chemical treatment (e.g. growth retardant, pesticide) Ya Yes ………….................................................................................................................... Sila berikan butir-butir bagi jawapan “ya” yang anda berikan. Please provide details for where you have indicated "yes“ Tidak No (c) dijalankan kultur tisu tissue culture Ya Yes ………….................................................................................................................... Sila berikan butir-butir bagi jawapan “ya” yang anda berikan. Please provide details for where you have indicated "yes“ Tidak No (d) disebabkan faktor lain other factors Ya Yes ………….................................................................................................................... Sila berikan butir-butir bagi jawapan “ya” yang anda berikan. Please provide details for where you have indicated "yes“ Tidak No 36 10. PENGESAHAN DECLARATION Saya dengan ini mengesahkan, sepanjang yang saya ketahui, bahawa maklumat yang diberi dalam borang ini adalah betul. I hereby declare that, to the best of my knowledge, the information provided in this form is correct. _____________________________ Tandatangan Signature Nama pemohon : __________________________________ Applicant's name Tarikh : __________________________________ Date 37 PENGHARGAAN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Jabatan Pertanian mengucapkan setinggi-tinggi penghargaan kepada Ketua Pengarah Pertanian dan terima kasih kepada Pengarah Bahagian Kawalan Kualiti Tanaman, Pn. Hjh. Norma Othman serta kakitangannya atas daya usaha dan inisiatif yang diambil bagi penyediaan Garis Panduan ini. Department of Agriculture would like to express greatest gratitude to Director General of Department and thanks to Director of Crop Quality Control Division, Mrs. Hjh. Norma Othman and her staff for the hard work and initiative taken in preparing the Test Guidelines. Penghargaan juga ingin disampaikan kepada pakar-pakar tanaman, Appreciation also goes to our crop experts, (1) En. (Mr.) Johari Sarip (MARDI) (2) En. (Mr.) Esa Sulaiman (DOA) atas sumbangan pandangan yang membina dan komitmen tidak terhingga bagi menjayakan penghasilan Garis Panduan ini. upon contribution of constructive opinion and endless commitment towards the success of the development of the Test Guidelines. [Dokumen Tamat] [End of Document] 38