西方餐饮礼仪

西方餐饮礼仪 Dining Manners and Etiquette In Western Countries Table manners play an important part in making a favorable impression. They are visible signals of the state of our manners and therefore are essential to professional success. And the point of etiquette rules is to make you feel comfortable, not uncomfortable. Here are some tips: How to use napkins: In a restaurant: 1.As soon as you are seated, remove the napkin from your place setting, unfold it, and put it in your lap. Do not shake it open. At some very formal restaurants, the waiter may do this for the diners, but it is not inappropriate to place your own napkin in your lap, even when this is the case. 2. The napkin rests on the lap till the end of the meal. Don't clean the cutlery or wipe your face with the napkin. NEVER use it to wipe your nose! 3. If you excuse yourself from the table, loosely fold the napkin and place it to the left or right of your plate. Do not refold your napkin or wad it up on the table either. Never place your napkin on your chair. 4. At the end of the meal, leave the napkin semi-folded at the left side of the place setting. It should not be crumpled or twisted; nor should it be folded. The napkin must also not be left on the chair. At a private dinner party: 1. the meal begins when the host or hostess unfolds his or her napkin. This is your signal to do the same. Place your napkin on your lap, completely unfolded if it is a small luncheon napkin or in half, lengthwise, if it is a large dinner napkin. Do not shake it open. 2. The napkin rests on the lap till the end of the meal. Place the napkin in loose folds to the left of your plate. 3. The host will signal the end of the meal by placing his or her napkin on the table. Once the meal is over, you too should place your napkin neatly on the table to the left of your dinner plate. (Do not refold your napkin, but don't wad it up, either.) When to start eating: In a restaurant: Wait until all are served at your table before beginning to eat. At a private dinner party: When your host or hostess picks up their fork to eat, then you may eat. Do not start before this unless the host or hostess insists that you start eating. How to use your silverware and dinnerware: 1 Use the silverware farthest from your plate first. Here's the Silverware and dinnerwar e rule: Eat to your left, drink to your right. Any food dish to the left is yours, and any glass to the right is yours. Starting with the knife, fork, or spoon that is farthest from your plate, work your way in, using one utensil for each course. The salad fork is on your outermost left, followed by your dinner fork. Your soup spoon is on your outermost right, followed by your beverage spoon, salad knife and dinner knife. Your dessert spoon and fork are above your plate or brought out with dessert. If you remember the rule to work from the outside in, you'll be fine. Use one of two methods when using the fork and knife: American Style: Knife in right hand, fork in left hand holding food. After a few bite-sized pieces of food are cut, place knife on edge of plate with blades facing in. Eat food by switching fork to right hand (unless you are left handed). A left hand, arm or elbow on the table is bad manners. Continental/European Style: Knife in right hand, fork in left hand. Eat food with fork still in left hand. The difference is that you don't switch hands-you eat with your fork in your left hand, with the prongs curving downward. Both utensils are kept in your hands with the tines pointed down throughout the entire eating process. If you take a drink, you do not just put your knife down, you put both utensils down into the resting position: cross the fork over the knife. Once used, your utensils, including the handles, must not touch the table again. Always rest forks, knives, and spoons on the side of your plate or in the bowl. For more formal dinners, from course to course, your tableware will be taken away and replaced as needed. To signal that your are done with the course, rest your fork, tines up, and knife blade in, with the handles resting at five o'clock an tips pointing to ten o'clock on your plate. Any unused silverware is simply left on the table. General social and dining etiquette rules: 2 , Arrive at least 10 minutes early unless otherwise specified. , Pass food from the left to the right. , Always say please when asking for something. Be sure to say thank you to your server and bus boy after they have removed any used items. , If asked for the salt or pepper, pass both together, even if a table mate asks for only one of them. This is so dinner guests won't have to search for orphaned shakers. , Set any passed item, whether it's the salt and pepper shakers, a bread basket, or a butter plate, directly on the table instead of passing hand-to-hand. , Never intercept a pass. Snagging a roll out of the breadbasket or taking a shake of salt when it is en route to someone else is a no-no. , Food is served from the left. Dishes are removed from the right. , Butter, spreads, or dips should be transferred from the serving dish to your plate before spreading or eating. , Never turn a wine glass upside down to decline wine. It is more polite to let the wine be poured and not draw attention. Otherwise, hold your hand over the wine glass to signal that you don't want any wine. , Always scoop food away from you. , Taste your food before seasoning it. , Do try a little of everything on your plate. , Don't blow on your food to cool it off. If it is too hot to eat, take the hint and wait. , Keep elbows off the table. Keep your left hand in your lap unless you are using it. , Do not talk with your mouth full. Chew with your mouth closed. , Cut only enough food for the next mouthful. Eat in small bites and slowly. , Don't clean up spills with your own napkin and don't touch items that have dropped on the floor. You can use your napkin to protect yourself from spills. Then, simply and politely ask your server to clean up and to bring you a replacement for the soiled napkin or dirty utensil. , Do not blow your nose at the dinner table. Excuse yourself to visit the restroom. Wash your hands before returning to the dining room. If you cough, cover your mouth with your napkin to stop the spread of germs and muffle the noise. If your cough becomes unmanageable, excuse yourself to visit the restroom. Wash your hands before returning to the dining room. , Turn off your cell phone or switch it to silent or vibrate mode before sitting down to eat, and leave it in your pocket or purse. It is impolite to answer a phone during dinner. If you must make or take a call, excuse yourself from the table and step outside of the restaurant. , Do not use a toothpick or apply makeup at the table. , Whenever a woman leaves the table or returns to sit, all men seated with her should stand up. 3 , Do not push your dishes away from you or stack them for the waiter when you are finished. Leave plates and glasses where they are. Dividing or sharing the restaurant bill with others: , Always assume that if you’re dining in a group of more than 6 people (3 couples), that the check is going to be divided evenly among everyone. , When dining when other couples, If you know you’re going to ask for a separate check, tell the server before you order so that the process is simplified later. , Take into account any significant ($15 or more) price differences in orders. If someone only orders soup and everyone else orders 2-3 courses, it’s not fair to make them pay the same. , If there are a couple people not drinking alcohol while the rest of the group is, separate the beverage total to take this into account and don’t overcharge the non-drinkers. Proper tipping etiquette in a restaurant: At a restaurant, always leave a tip. Tips can vary from 15% to 25%. Waiter: 15% to 20% of the bill; 25% for extraordinary service Wine steward: 15% of wine bill Bartender: 10% – 15% of bar bill Coat check: $1.00 per coat Car attendant: $1.00 - $2.00 Remember that the amount you tip reflects the total price before any coupons, gift certificates, etc. Just because you get a discount, does not mean that your server did not serve up the full order. If the owner of the restaurant serves you himself, you should still tip him. He will divide the tip among those who work in the kitchen and dining room. 4