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外教外教帮助外教一对一英 CANADIAN FACTS Kanata is the St. Lawrence-Iroquoian word for "village" or "settlement." The border between Canada and the United States is officially known as the International Boundary. At 8,892 kilometers, including 2,475 kilometers between Canada and Alaska, it is the world's longest border between two nations. The Canadian motto, A Mari Usque ad Mare, means "From sea to sea." Although Nova Scotia was granted the British Empire's first flag by King Charles I in 1625, Canada did not have a national flag until February 15, 1965, when its maple leaf flag was adopted by its parliament. Before that, the red ensign, a British maritime flag, was in general use. At 6,204,186 square kilometers, Canada is the second largest country in the world, behind Russia. The average life expectancy at birth for a Canadian is 81.16 years, the eighth highest in the thworld. The United States life expectancy is ranked 46, at 78.14 years. The east coast of Canada was settled by Vikings around the year A.D. 1000. Archaeological evidence of a settlement has been found at L'anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland. Newfoundland was the first part of Canada to be explored by Europeans. Ironically, it was the last area to become a province, in 1949. According to the 2001 census, 42.6% of Canadians are Roman Catholic, 23.3% are Protestant, and 16% claim to have no religion. Alert, in Nunavut territory, is the northernmost permanent settlement in the world. Canada became a country on July 1, 1867, when the British North America Act was passed by the British Parliament. The Mounted Police were formed in 1873, with nine officers. In 1920, the Mounted Police merged with the Dominion Police to become the famous Royal Canadian Mounted Police, an organization that now has more than 28,000 members. While ice hockey is Canada's most prevalent sport, lacrosse is the country's official sport. The modern game of ice hockey was developed in Canada, based on games that have been played since the tenth century. The rules were first published in the Montreal Gazette in 1877. The capital city, Ottawa, was originally named Bytown after Colonel John By, who headquartered there while building the Rideau Canal to connect the Ottawa River with Lake Ontario. Canada has the longest coastline of any country in the world at 243,977 kilometers. The regent of England, currently Queen Elizabeth II, is the Canadian head of state. North America's earliest undisputed evidence of human activity comes from 20,000-year-old stone tools and animal bones that have been found in caves on the Bluefish River in northern Yukon. North America's lowest recorded temperature was -63 degrees Celsius at Snag, Yukon Territory, on February 3, 1947. Canada contains 9% of the world's renewable water supply. The official languages of Canada are English and French. Throughout Canada's history up to the current time, there have been conflicts between English and French-speaking Canadians. Canadians have made many important inventions including Kerosene, the electron microscope and the electronic organ. Thomas Ahearn invented the electric cooking range in 1882. Charles Fenerty, a poet from Halifax, Nova Scotia, was the first person to use wood fibers to make paper. He started experimenting in 1839 and produced paper from wood pulp in 1841. Graeme Ferguson co-invented IMAX. There are over 500 IMAX theaters in 45 countries. Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas was first isolated at the University of Toronto in 1921-22 by Dr. Frederick Banting and Charles Best. James Till and Ernest McCulloch are credited with the discovery of the stem cell. The game Trivial Pursuit was created by Scott Abbot and Chris Haney, the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell, and the snowmobile by Joseph-Armand Bombardier. James Naismith invented basketball to give his physical education students at the YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts, an indoor team sport to play during the long winters. Many famous authors have come from Canada, including Lucy Maud Montgomery (Anne of Green Gables), Margaret Atwood (The Handmaid's Tale), and Alice Munro (Lives of Girls and Women). A black bear cub from Canada named Winnipeg (or “Winnie,” for short) was one of the most popular attractions at the London Zoo after it was donated to the zoo in 1915. Winnie became a favorite of Christopher Robin Milne and inspired the stories written by his father, A.A. Milne, about Winnie-the-Pooh. Canada has six time zones. The longest highway in the world is the Trans-Canada Highway which is over 7604 kilometers (4725 miles) in length. Half of the country is covered with forests, which should come as no surprise considering one-tenth of the world’s forests are here. The border between Canada and the United States is officially known as the International Boundary. It is 8,892 kilometers long, including the 2,475 kilometers between Canada and Alaska. It’s the world’s longest unprotected border. The population in Canada in 2011 was approximately 34.3 million. About 90% of Canada’s population is concentrated within 160 kilometers (100 miles) of the Canada/US border. 280,681 new permanent residents were welcomed to Canada in 2010. That number does not include temporary workers or foreign students. Canada has hosted the Olympic Games 3 times; 1976 in Montreal, 1988 in Calgary and 2010 in Vancouver. Canada’s literacy rate is over 99%. The English version of Canada’s National Anthem – O Canada – was written by Robert Stanley Weir for the Diamond Jubilee of Confederation in 1927. The National Flag of Canada came into being in 1965 to replace the Union Jack. It is an 11 pointed red maple leaf on a white square. Elizabeth Catherine Bagshaw was one of Canada’s first female doctors and the medical director of the first birth control clinic. She has been recognized as providing outstanding contributions to the quality of life of women in Canada. Canada is home to 42 national parks, 167 national historic sites and four marine conservation areas. There are about 200 species of mammals, and 630 bird species in Canada. The Hudson’s Bay Company or “The Bay” is the oldest commercial corporation in North America and one of the oldest in the world. The company was incorporated by English royal charter in 1670. There are 459 cars for every 1000 people. BAKER LAKE, N.W.T. LAKE TROUT ROCK PTARMIGAN ARCTIC HARE RINGED SEAL CHESTERFIELD INLET, N.W.T. ARCTIC WOLF SKI-DOO (SNOWMOBILE) QAMUTIC (SLED) CARIBOU SNOWY OWL AURORA BOREALIS, OR NORTHERN LIGHTS, OVER ARVIAT (ESKIMO POINT), N.W.T. CANADA GOOSE ARVIAT (ESKIMO POINT) , N.W.T. NORTHWEST CANOE ARCTIC CHAR MUSKOX SOAPSTONE CARVING WALRUS SOAPSTONE CARVING LANSDOWNE HOUSE, NORTHERN ONTARIO MOOSE WUNNUMIN LAKE, NORTHERN ONTARIO RESOLUTE BAY, N.W.T. INUIT PEOPLE IN TRADITIONAL DRESS INUVIK, N.W.T LOG CABIN SACH’S HARBOUR, N.W.T. MUSKOX PANGNIRTUNG, N.W.T. DOG TEAM AND SLED PANGNIRTUNG VILLAGE AT DUSK INUIT PRINT INUIT PRINT POLAR BEAR & CUB ARCTIC FOX